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Macías-Naranjo M, Sánchez-Domínguez M, Rubio-Valle JF, Rodríguez CA, Martín-Alfonso JE, García-López E, Vazquez-Lepe E. A Study of PLA Thin Film on SS 316L Coronary Stents Using a Dip Coating Technique. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:284. [PMID: 38276692 PMCID: PMC10818791 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The dip coating process is one of the recognized techniques used to generate polymeric coatings on stents in an easy and low-cost way. However, there is a lack of information about the influence of the process parameters of this technique on complex geometries such as stents. This paper studies the dip coating process parameters used to provide a uniform coating of PLA with a 4-10 µm thickness. A stainless-steel tube (AISI 316L) was laser-cut, electropolished, and dip-coated in a polylactic acid (PLA) solution whilst changing the process parameters. The samples were characterized to examine the coating's uniformity, thickness, surface roughness, weight, and chemical composition. FTIR and Raman investigations indicated the presence of PLA on the stent's surface, the chemical stability of PLA during the coating process, and the absence of residual chloroform in the coatings. Additionally, the water contact angle was measured to determine the hydrophilicity of the coating. Our results indicate that, when using entry and withdrawal speeds of 500 mm min-1 and a 15 s immersion time, a uniform coating thickness was achieved throughout the tube and in the stent with an average thickness of 7.8 µm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Macías-Naranjo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico; (M.M.-N.); (C.A.R.)
| | - Margarita Sánchez-Domínguez
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. (CIMAV), Unidad Monterrey, Alianza Norte 202, Apodaca 66628, Nuevo León, Mexico;
| | - J. F. Rubio-Valle
- Pro2TecS—Chemical Product and Process Technology Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, ETSI, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de “El Carmen”, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (J.F.R.-V.); (J.E.M.-A.)
| | - Ciro A. Rodríguez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico; (M.M.-N.); (C.A.R.)
| | - J. E. Martín-Alfonso
- Pro2TecS—Chemical Product and Process Technology Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, ETSI, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de “El Carmen”, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (J.F.R.-V.); (J.E.M.-A.)
| | - Erika García-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico; (M.M.-N.); (C.A.R.)
| | - Elisa Vazquez-Lepe
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico; (M.M.-N.); (C.A.R.)
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Kang JI, Park KM. Oxygen-supplying syringe to create hyperoxia-inducible hydrogels for in situ tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121943. [PMID: 36527790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent trends in the design of regenerative materials include the development of bioactive matrices to harness the innate healing ability of the body using various biophysicochemical stimuli (defined as in situ tissue regeneration). Among these, hyperoxia (>21% pO2) is a well-known therapeutic factor for promoting tissue regeneration, such as immune cell recruitment, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblast. Although various strategies to induce hyperoxia are reported, developing advanced hyperoxia-inducing biomaterials for tissue regeneration is still challenging. In this study, a catalase-immobilized syringe (defined as an Oxyringe) via calcium peroxide-mediated surface modification is developed as a new type of oxygen-supplying system. Hyperoxia-inducible hydrogels are fabricated utilizing Oxyringe. This hydrogel plays a role as a physical barrier for hemostasis. In addition, hyperoxic matrices induce transient hyperoxia in vivo (up to 46.0% pO2). Interestingly, the hydrogel-induced hyperoxia boost the initial macrophage recruitment and rapid inflammation resolution. Furthermore, hyperoxic oxygen release of hydrogels facilitates neovascularization and cell proliferation involved in the proliferation phase, expediting tissue maturation related to the remodeling phase in wound healing. In summary, Oxyringe has excellent potential as an advanced oxygen-supplying platform to create hyperoxia-inducing hydrogels for in situ tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeon Il Kang
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Park
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Bio Materials & Process Development, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
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Baek SW, Kim DS, Song DH, Kim HB, Lee S, Kim JH, Lee JK, Hong YJ, Park CG, Han DK. Reduced restenosis and enhanced re-endothelialization of functional biodegradable vascular scaffolds by everolimus and magnesium hydroxide. Biomater Res 2022; 26:86. [PMID: 36544178 PMCID: PMC9768885 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease is a cardiovascular disease with a high mortality and mortality rate in modern society. Vascular stent insertion to restore blood flow is essential to treat this disease. A fully biodegradable vascular scaffold (BVS) is a vascular poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) stent that is receiving growing interest as this is biodegradable in the body and does not require secondary removal surgery. However, acidic byproducts composed of PLLA produced during the biodegradation of the BVS can induce an inflammatory response. Magnesium hydroxide, a basic inorganic particle, neutralizes the acidic byproducts of PLLA. METHODS: In this study, we investigated using a BVS coated with everolimus and surface-modified magnesium hydroxide that suppresses smooth muscle cell proliferation and protects endothelial cells, respectively. The various characteristics of the functional stent were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo analyses. RESULTS: The BVS was successfully prepared with evenly coated everolimus and surface-modified magnesium hydroxide. A neutral pH value was maintained by magnesium hydroxide during degradation, and everolimus was released for one month. The coated BVS effectively inhibited protein adsorption and platelet adhesion, demonstrating excellent blood compatibility. In vitro analysis showed that BVS protects endothelial cells with magnesium hydroxide and selectively inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation via everolimus treatment. The functional BVS was inserted into porcine coronary arteries for 28 days, and the results demonstrated that the restenosis and inflammation greatly decreased and re-endothelialization was enhanced as compared to others. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights into the design of drug-incorporated BVS stent for coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Woon Baek
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi 13488 Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi 16419 Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi 16419 Korea
| | - Da-Seul Kim
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi 13488 Korea ,grid.254224.70000 0001 0789 9563School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974 Korea
| | - Duck Hyun Song
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi 13488 Korea
| | - Han Byul Kim
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XThe Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam, National University Hospital Designated By Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469 Korea
| | - Semi Lee
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi 13488 Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Kim
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi 13488 Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Lee
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi 13488 Korea
| | - Young Joon Hong
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDivision of Cardiology of Chonnam, Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated By Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469 Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi 16419 Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi 16419 Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi 13488 Korea
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Cherian AM, Joseph J, Nair MB, Nair SV, Vijayakumar M, Menon D. Coupled benefits of nanotopography and titania surface chemistry in fostering endothelialization and reducing in-stent restenosis in coronary stents. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 142:213149. [PMID: 36270158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in coronary stents have all been distinctively focused towards directing re-endothelialization with minimal in-stent restenosis, potentially via alterations in surface topographical cues, for augmenting the efficacy of vascular implants. This perspective was proven by our group utilizing a simple and easily scalable nanosurface modification strategy on metallic stents devoid of any drugs or polymers. In the present work, we explore the impact of surface characteristics in modulating this cell response in-vitro and in-vivo, using titania coated cobalt-chromium (CC) stents, with and without nanotopography, in comparison to commercial controls. Interestingly, titania nanotopography facilitated a preferential cell response in-vitro as against the titania coated and bare CC surfaces, which can be attributed to surface topography, hydrophilicity, and roughness. This in turn altered the cellular adhesion, proliferation and focal contact formations of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. We also demonstrate that titania nanotexturing plays a pivotal role in fostering rapid re-endothelialization with minimal neointimal hyperplasia, leading to excellent in-vivo patency of CC stents post 8 weeks implantation in rabbit iliac arteries, in comparison to bare CC, nano-less titania coated CC, and commercial drug-eluting stents (CC DES), without administering antiplatelet agents. This exciting result for the drug and polymer-free titania nanotextured stents, in the absence of platelet therapy, reveals the possibility of proposing an alternative to clinical DES for coronary stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleena Mary Cherian
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O, Cochin 682041, Kerala, India
| | - John Joseph
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O, Cochin 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Manitha B Nair
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O, Cochin 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Shantikumar V Nair
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O, Cochin 682041, Kerala, India
| | - M Vijayakumar
- Department of cardiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O, Cochin 682041, Kerala, India.
| | - Deepthy Menon
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O, Cochin 682041, Kerala, India.
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Marei I, Ahmetaj-Shala B, Triggle CR. Biofunctionalization of cardiovascular stents to induce endothelialization: Implications for in- stent thrombosis in diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:982185. [PMID: 36299902 PMCID: PMC9589287 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.982185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stent thrombosis remains one of the main causes that lead to vascular stent failure in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Type 2 diabetes mellitus is accompanied by endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivity and is associated with suboptimal outcomes following PCI, and an increase in the incidence of late stent thrombosis. Evidence suggests that late stent thrombosis is caused by the delayed and impaired endothelialization of the lumen of the stent. The endothelium has a key role in modulating inflammation and thrombosis and maintaining homeostasis, thus restoring a functional endothelial cell layer is an important target for the prevention of stent thrombosis. Modifications using specific molecules to induce endothelial cell adhesion, proliferation and function can improve stents endothelialization and prevent thrombosis. Blood endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) represent a potential cell source for the in situ-endothelialization of vascular conduits and stents. We aim in this review to summarize the main biofunctionalization strategies to induce the in-situ endothelialization of coronary artery stents using circulating endothelial stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isra Marei
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine- Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Isra Marei, ; Chris R. Triggle,
| | | | - Chris R. Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine- Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Isra Marei, ; Chris R. Triggle,
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