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Mallick R, Duttaroy AK. Epigenetic modification impacting brain functions: Effects of physical activity, micronutrients, caffeine, toxins, and addictive substances. Neurochem Int 2023; 171:105627. [PMID: 37827244 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Changes in gene expression are involved in many brain functions. Epigenetic processes modulate gene expression by histone modification and DNA methylation or RNA-mediated processes, which is important for brain function. Consequently, epigenetic changes are also a part of brain diseases such as mental illness and addiction. Understanding the role of different factors on the brain epigenome may help us understand the function of the brain. This review discussed the effects of caffeine, lipids, addictive substances, physical activity, and pollutants on the epigenetic changes in the brain and their modulatory effects on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mallick
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, POB 1046 Blindern, Oslo, Norway.
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2
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Singh P, Paramanik V. Neuromodulating roles of estrogen and phytoestrogens in cognitive therapeutics through epigenetic modifications during aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:945076. [PMID: 35992599 PMCID: PMC9381870 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.945076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen (E2) plays important role in regulating hippocampal learning and memory. The decline of E2 after menopause affects learning and memory and increases the risk of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, from the estrogen receptor (ER) mediated gene regulation; E2 also regulates gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels through epigenetic modifications. E2 recruits a number of proteins called co-regulators at the promoter region of genes. These co-regulators act as chromatin modifiers, alter DNA and histone modifications and regulate gene expression. Several studies show that E2 regulates learning and memory by altering chromatin at the promoters of memory-linked genes. Due to structural similarities with E2 and low side effects, phytoestrogens are now used as neuroprotective agents to recover learning and memory in animal models as well as human subjects during aging and different neurological disorders. Growing evidence suggests that apart from anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, phytoestrogens also act as epigenetic modifiers and regulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications. The epigenetic modifying properties of phytoestrogens are mostly studied in cancer cells but very little is known regarding the regulation of synaptic plasticity genes, learning and memory, and neurological disorders. In this article, we discuss the epigenetic modifying properties of E2 and the roles of phytoestrogens as epigenetic modifiers in the brain to recover and maintain cognitive functions.
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Qin T, Zhang X, Guo T, Yang T, Gao Y, Hao W, Xiao X. Epigenetic Alteration Shaped by the Environmental Chemical Bisphenol A. Front Genet 2021; 11:618966. [PMID: 33505438 PMCID: PMC7830874 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.618966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is extensively used in plastic products and epoxy resins. The epigenetic response to the environmental chemical BPA was involved in multiple dysfunctional categories, such as cancer, the reproductive system, metabolism, pubertal development, peripheral arterial disease, infant and childhood growth, and neurodevelopment outcomes. In this mini-review, we described the recent progress of the epigenetic effects of the environmental chemical BPA, including DNA methylation, histone methylation, and toxic epigenomics. Notably, the histone modification changes under BPA exposure are summarized in this review. DNA methylation accompanied by transcriptional changes in key genes affected by BPA exposure is related to various processes, including neural development, cancer pathways, and generational transmission. In addition, BPA could also affect histone modifications in many species, such as humans, rats, and zebrafish. Finally, we reviewed recent studies of the toxico-epigenomics approach to reveal the epigenetic effect of BPA exposure genome-wide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Qin
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- School of Medical Science, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, China
| | - Yahui Gao
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang, China.,School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - XiangFen Xiao
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Santoro A, Chianese R, Troisi J, Richards S, Nori SL, Fasano S, Guida M, Plunk E, Viggiano A, Pierantoni R, Meccariello R. Neuro-toxic and Reproductive Effects of BPA. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 17:1109-1132. [PMID: 31362658 PMCID: PMC7057208 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190726112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest volume chemicals produced worldwide. It has recognized activity as an endocrine-disrupting chemical and has suspected roles as a neurological and reproductive toxicant. It interferes in steroid signaling, induces oxidative stress, and affects gene expression epigenetically. Gestational, perinatal and neonatal exposures to BPA affect developmental processes, including brain development and gametogenesis, with consequences on brain functions, behavior, and fertility. Methods: This review critically analyzes recent findings on the neuro-toxic and reproductive effects of BPA (and its ana-logues), with focus on neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, glia and microglia activity, cognitive functions, and the central and local control of reproduction. Results: BPA has potential human health hazard associated with gestational, peri- and neonatal exposure. Beginning with BPA’s disposition, this review summarizes recent findings on the neurotoxicity of BPA and its analogues, on neuronal dif-ferentiation, synaptic plasticity, neuro-inflammation, neuro-degeneration, and impairment of cognitive abilities. Furthermore, it reports the recent findings on the activity of BPA along the HPG axis, effects on the hypothalamic Gonadotropin Releas-ing Hormone (GnRH), and the associated effects on reproduction in both sexes and successful pregnancy. Conclusion: BPA and its analogues impair neuronal activity, HPG axis function, reproduction, and fertility. Contrasting re-sults have emerged in animal models and human. Thus, further studies are needed to better define their safety levels. This re-view offers new insights on these issues with the aim to find the “fil rouge”, if any, that characterize BPA’s mechanism of action with outcomes on neuronal function and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Santoro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Rosanna Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Jacopo Troisi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy.,Theoreo srl - Spin-off company of the University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
| | - Sean Richards
- University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chattanooga, TN, United States.,Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, United States
| | - Stefania Lucia Nori
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Silvia Fasano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Maurizio Guida
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy.,Theoreo srl - Spin-off company of the University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Plunk
- University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chattanooga, TN, United States
| | - Andrea Viggiano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pierantoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meccariello
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Aiba T, Saito T, Hayashi A, Sato S, Yunokawa H, Fukami M, Hayashi Y, Mizuno K, Sato Y, Kojima Y, Ohsako S. Exploring disease-specific methylated CpGs in human male genital abnormalities by using methylated-site display-amplified fragment length polymorphism (MSD-AFLP). J Reprod Dev 2019; 65:491-497. [PMID: 31462596 PMCID: PMC6923155 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of male reproductive system disorders, especially hypospadias, has been increasing in developed countries since the latter half of the 20th century. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals from the environment are considered to be involved in hypospadias onset through epigenetic alterations. This pilot study aimed to explore disease-specific methylated CpGs in human patient samples using the methylated-site display-amplified fragment length polymorphism (MSD-AFLP) technique developed by our research group [1]. We compared clinical samples from hypospadias and phimosis patients. Foreskin and blood samples were collected from one- to two-year-old patients with hypospadias (N = 3) and phimosis (N = 3) during surgical treatment. MSD-AFLP analysis showed significantly decreased CpG-methylation levels of genes such as MYH11 and increased CpG-methylation levels of genes such as PLA2G15 in hypospadias patients. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that genes with significantly altered CpG levels were more markedly altered in DNA from blood than from foreskin. Because of the small number of samples, further investigation is necessary to elucidate the association between variations in CpG levels in foreskin and blood DNA and male genital abnormalities. However, our MSD-AFLP method appears to be a useful tool for exploring disease-specific methylated-CpGs in human epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Aiba
- Laboratory of Environmental Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Saito
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Akiko Hayashi
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | | | | | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yutaro Hayashi
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mizuno
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sato
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kojima
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Seiichiroh Ohsako
- Laboratory of Environmental Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Huang W, Zhao C, Zhong H, Zhang S, Xia Y, Cai Z. Bisphenol S induced epigenetic and transcriptional changes in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:697-703. [PMID: 30616060 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, concerns about using Bisphenol A (BPA) in daily consume products and its effects in many chronic human diseases have prompted the removal of BPA. However, the widely used BPA alternatives, including Bisphenol S (BPS), have a high structural similarity with BPA, suggesting that they may have similar biological effects towards human beings. Indeed, BPS was also found to have endocrine-disrupting effects. Epigenetic mechanism was reported to be involved in BPA-induced biological effects in both in vitro and in vivo models. However, there is no assessment on whether BPS could cause epigenetic changes. In this work, we investigated the possible epigenetic effects of BPS that might induce in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. We found that BPS could change DNA methylation level of transposons. Besides, methylation status in promoter of breast cancer related genes CDH1, SFN, TNFRSF10C were also changed, which implied that BPS might play a role in the development of breast cancer. Gene expression profiling showed that some genes related to breast cancer progression were upregulated, including THBS4, PPARGC1A, CREB5, COL5A3. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed the significantly changes in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and extracellular matrix, which were related to the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. These results illustrated that BPS exposure might play roles in the progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Huan Zhong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Shoudong Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yiji Xia
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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Shi GD, Zhang XL, Cheng X, Wang X, Fan BY, Liu S, Hao Y, Wei ZJ, Zhou XH, Feng SQ. Abnormal DNA Methylation in Thoracic Spinal Cord Tissue Following Transection Injury. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:8878-8890. [PMID: 30531681 PMCID: PMC6295140 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious disease with high disability and mortality rates, with no effective therapeutic strategies available. In SCI, abnormal DNA methylation is considered to be associated with axonal regeneration and cell proliferation. However, the roles of key genes in potential molecular mechanisms of SCI are not clear. Material/Methods Subacute spinal cord injury models were established in Wistar rats. Histological observations and motor function assessments were performed separately. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) was used to detect the methylation of genes. Gene ontology (GO) term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed using the DAVID database. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were analyzed by Cytoscape software. Results After SCI, many cavities, areas of necrotic tissue, and many inflammatory cells were observed, and motor function scores were low. After the whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, approximately 96 DMGs were screened, of which 50 were hypermethylated genes and 46 were hypomethylated genes. KEGG pathway analysis highlighted the Axon Guidance pathway, Endocytosis pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway, and Hippo signaling pathway. Expression patterns of hypermethylated genes and hypomethylated genes detected by qRT-PCR were the opposite of WGBS data, and the difference was significant. Conclusions Abnormal methylated genes and key signaling pathways involved in spinal cord injury were identified through histological observation, behavioral assessment, and bioinformatics analysis. This research can serve as a source of additional information to expand understanding of spinal cord-induced epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Dong Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Bao-You Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi-Jian Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xian-Hu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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Gillette R, Son MJ, Ton L, Gore AC, Crews D. Passing experiences on to future generations: endocrine disruptors and transgenerational inheritance of epimutations in brain and sperm. Epigenetics 2018; 13:1106-1126. [PMID: 30444163 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1543506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
All animals have body burdens of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) despite their ban decades ago. These and modern endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as the fungicide vinclozolin (VIN) perturb hormone signaling and lead to dysfunctions following prenatal exposures. Beyond direct exposures, transgenerational disease phenotypes can persist for multiple generations without subsequent exposure. The mechanisms of action of these EDCs differ: VIN is anti-androgenic while the PCB mixture Aroclor 1221 (A1221) is weakly estrogenic. Based on limited evidence for the inheritance of epimutations in germline, we measured DNA methylation in brain and sperm of rats. Pregnant dams were exposed from day 8-18 of gestation to low dosages of VIN, A1221, or the vehicle. To produce paternal lineages, exposed F1 males were bred with untreated females, creating the F2 and subsequently F3 generations. In adult F1 and F3 males, mature sperm was collected, and brain nuclei involved in anxiety and social behaviors (CA3 of the hippocampus; central amygdala) were selected for assays of epimutations in CpG islands using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. In F1 sperm, VIN and PCBs induced differential methylation in 215 and 284 CpG islands, respectively, compared to vehicle. The majority of effects were associated with hypermethylation. Fewer epimutations were detected in the brain. A subset of differentially methylated regions were retained from the F1 to the F3 generation, suggesting a common mechanism of EDC and germline epigenome interaction. Thus, EDCs can cause heritable epimutations in the sperm that may embody the future phenotype of brain-behavior disorders caused by direct or transgenerational exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Gillette
- a Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Min Ji Son
- b Section of Integrative Biology , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Lexi Ton
- b Section of Integrative Biology , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Andrea C Gore
- a Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA.,c Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - David Crews
- a Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA.,b Section of Integrative Biology , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
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