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Razei A, Javanbakht M, Hajizade A, Heiat M, Zhao S, Aghamollaei H, Saadati M, Khafaei M, Asadi M, Cegolon L, Keihan AH. Nano and microparticle drug delivery systems for the treatment of Brucella infections. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115875. [PMID: 37979375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-based drug delivery systems are increasingly used for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of several diseases, thanks to several beneficial properties, including the ability to target specific cells or organs, allowing to reduce treatment costs and side effects frequently associated with chemotherapeutic medications, thereby improving treatment compliance of patients. In the field of communicable diseases, especially those caused by intracellular bacteria, the delivery of antibiotics targeting specific cells is of critical importance to maximize their treatment efficacy. Brucella melitensis, an intracellular obligate bacterium surviving and replicating inside macrophages is hard to be eradicated, mainly because of the low ability of antibiotics to enter these phagocityc cells . Although different antibiotics regimens including gentamicin, doxycycline and rifampicin are in fact used against the Brucellosis, no efficient treatment has been attained yet, due to the intracellular life of the respective pathogen. Nano-medicines responding to environmental stimuli allow to maximize drug delivery targeting macropages, thereby boosting treatment efficacy. Several drug delivery nano-technologies, including solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, chitosan, niosomes, and their combinations with chitosan sodium alginate can be employed in combination of antibiotics to successfully eradicate Brucellosis infection from patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Razei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Javanbakht
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center,Clinical Science Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Hajizade
- Biology Research Centre, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossain University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Heiat
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shi Zhao
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hossien Aghamollaei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Saadati
- Biology Research Centre, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossain University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Khafaei
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah Medical Science University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mosa Asadi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center,Clinical Science Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Luca Cegolon
- University of Trieste, Department of Medical, Surgical & Health Sciences, Trieste, Italy; University Health Agency Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), Public Health Department, Trieste, Italy
| | - Amir Homayoun Keihan
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gil M, Khouri L, Raurell I, Rafael D, Andrade F, Abasolo I, Schwartz S, Martínez-Gómez M, Salcedo MT, Pericàs JM, Hide D, Wei M, Metanis N, Genescà J, Martell M. Optimization of Statin-Loaded Delivery Nanoparticles for Treating Chronic Liver Diseases by Targeting Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2463. [PMID: 37896223 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed functionalized polymeric micelles (FPMs) loaded with simvastatin (FPM-Sim) as a drug delivery system to target liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) for preserving liver function in chronic liver disease (CLD). Polymeric micelles (PMs) were functionalized by coupling peptide ligands of LSEC membrane receptors CD32b, CD36 and ITGB3. Functionalization was confirmed via spectroscopy and electron microscopy. In vitro and in vivo FPM-Sim internalization was assessed by means of flow cytometry in LSECs, hepatocytes, Kupffer and hepatic stellate cells from healthy rats. Maximum tolerated dose assays were performed in healthy mice and efficacy studies of FPM-Sim were carried out in bile duct ligation (BDL) and thioacetamide (TAA) induction rat models of cirrhosis. Functionalization with the three peptide ligands resulted in stable formulations with a greater degree of in vivo internalization in LSECs than non-functionalized PMs. Administration of FPM-Sim in BDL rats reduced toxicity relative to free simvastatin, albeit with a moderate portal-pressure-lowering effect. In a less severe model of TAA-induced cirrhosis, treatment with FPM-CD32b-Sim nanoparticles for two weeks significantly decreased portal pressure, which was associated with a reduction in liver fibrosis, lower collagen expression as well as the stimulation of nitric oxide synthesis. In conclusion, CD32b-FPM stands out as a good nanotransporter for drug delivery, targeting LSECs, key inducers of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Gil
- Liver Disease Group, Liver Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lareen Khouri
- Institut of Chemistry, Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Imma Raurell
- Liver Disease Group, Liver Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Rafael
- Clinical Biochemistry, Drug Delivery and Therapy Group (CB-DDT), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingenería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernanda Andrade
- Clinical Biochemistry, Drug Delivery and Therapy Group (CB-DDT), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingenería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ibane Abasolo
- Clinical Biochemistry, Drug Delivery and Therapy Group (CB-DDT), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingenería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Service, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035e Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simo Schwartz
- Clinical Biochemistry, Drug Delivery and Therapy Group (CB-DDT), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingenería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Service, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035e Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Gómez
- Liver Disease Group, Liver Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Teresa Salcedo
- Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Pericàs
- Liver Disease Group, Liver Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Hide
- Liver Disease Group, Liver Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mingxing Wei
- Cellvax, SAS Villejuif Bio Park, 93230 Villejuif, France
| | - Norman Metanis
- Institut of Chemistry, Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Joan Genescà
- Liver Disease Group, Liver Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Martell
- Liver Disease Group, Liver Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Wen P, Ke W, Dirisala A, Toh K, Tanaka M, Li J. Stealth and pseudo-stealth nanocarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 198:114895. [PMID: 37211278 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The stealth effect plays a central role on capacitating nanomaterials for drug delivery applications through improving the pharmacokinetics such as blood circulation, biodistribution, and tissue targeting. Here based on a practical analysis of stealth efficiency and a theoretical discussion of relevant factors, we provide an integrated material and biological perspective in terms of engineering stealth nanomaterials. The analysis surprisingly shows that more than 85% of the reported stealth nanomaterials encounter a rapid drop of blood concentration to half of the administered dose within 1 h post administration although a relatively long β-phase is observed. A term, pseudo-stealth effect, is used to delineate this common pharmacokinetics behavior of nanomaterials, that is, dose-dependent nonlinear pharmacokinetics because of saturating or depressing bio-clearance of RES. We further propose structural holism can be a watershed to improve the stealth effect; that is, the whole surface structure and geometry play important roles, rather than solely relying on a single factor such as maximizing repulsion force through polymer-based steric stabilization (e.g., PEGylation) or inhibiting immune attack through a bio-inspired component. Consequently, engineering delicate structural hierarchies to minimize attractive binding sites, that is, minimal charges/dipole and hydrophobic domain, becomes crucial. In parallel, the pragmatic implementation of the pseudo-stealth effect and dynamic modulation of the stealth effect are discussed for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panyue Wen
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Wendong Ke
- Chemical Macromolecule Division, Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. No. 71, Seventh Avenue, TEDA Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Anjaneyulu Dirisala
- Innovation Center of Nanomedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kazuko Toh
- Innovation Center of Nanomedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Junjie Li
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Lan Y, Yeung TL, Huang H, Wegener AA, Saha S, Toister-Achituv M, Jenkins MH, Chiu LY, Lazorchak A, Tarcic O, Wang H, Qi J, Locke G, Kalimi D, Qin G, Marelli B, Yu H, Gross AW, Derner MG, Soloviev M, Botte M, Sircar A, Ma H, Sood VD, Zhang D, Jiang F, Lo KM. Colocalized targeting of TGF-β and PD-L1 by bintrafusp alfa elicits distinct antitumor responses. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004122. [PMID: 35858707 PMCID: PMC9305820 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bintrafusp alfa (BA) is a bifunctional fusion protein designed for colocalized, simultaneous inhibition of two immunosuppressive pathways, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), within the tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that targeting PD-L1 to the tumor by BA colocalizes the TGF-β trap (TGF-βRII) to the TME, enabling it to sequester TGF-β in the tumor more effectively than systemic TGF-β blockade, thereby enhancing antitumor activity. Methods Multiple technologies were used to characterize the TGF-β trap binding avidity. BA versus combinations of anti-PD-L1 and TGF-β trap or the pan-TGF-β antibody fresolimumab were compared in proliferation and two-way mixed lymphocyte reaction assays. Immunophenotyping of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis assessing stromal and immune landscape following BA or the combination therapy were performed in MC38 tumors. TGF-β and PD-L1 co-expression and their associated gene signatures in MC38 tumors and human lung carcinoma tissue were studied with single-cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) and immunostaining. BA-induced internalization, degradation, and depletion of TGF-β were investigated in vitro. Results BA and fresolimumab had comparable intrinsic binding to TGF-β1, but there was an ~80× avidity-based increase in binding affinity with BA. BA inhibited cell proliferation in TGF-β-dependent and PD-L1-expressing cells more potently than TGF-β trap or fresolimumab. Compared with the combination of anti-PD-L1 and TGF-β trap or fresolimumab, BA enhanced T cell activation in vitro and increased TILs in MC38 tumors, which correlated with efficacy. BA induced distinct gene expression in the TME compared with the combination therapy, including upregulation of immune-related gene signatures and reduced activities in TGF-β-regulated pathways, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix deposition, and fibrosis. Regulatory T cells, macrophages, immune cells of myeloid lineage, and fibroblasts were key PD-L1/TGF-β1 co-expressing cells in the TME. scRNAseq analysis suggested BA modulation of the macrophage phenotype, which was confirmed by histological assessment. PD-L1/TGF-β1 co-expression was also seen in human tumors. Finally, BA induced TGF-β1 internalization and degradation in the lysosomes. Conclusion BA more effectively blocks TGF-β by targeting TGF-β trap to the tumor via PD-L1 binding. Such colocalized targeting elicits distinct and superior antitumor responses relative to single agent combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lan
- Department of TIP OIO, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tsz-Lun Yeung
- Department of TIP OIO, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of TIP OIO, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ansgar A Wegener
- Department of Discovery and Development Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Somdutta Saha
- Department of Translational Medicine, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mira Toister-Achituv
- Department of Discovery and Development Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Yavne, Israel
| | - Molly H Jenkins
- Department of TIP OIO, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Li-Ya Chiu
- Department of TIP OIO, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam Lazorchak
- Department of TIP OIO, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA.,Be Biopharma, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ohad Tarcic
- Department of Discovery and Development Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Yavne, Israel.,CAVOS Biotech, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of TIP OIO, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jin Qi
- Department of TIP OIO, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George Locke
- Department of Translational Medicine, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Doron Kalimi
- Department of Discovery and Development Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Yavne, Israel
| | - Guozhong Qin
- Department of TIP OIO, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bo Marelli
- Department of TIP OIO, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Huakui Yu
- Department of TIP OIO, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alec W Gross
- Department of Discovery Development Technologies, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa G Derner
- Department of TIP OIO, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Soloviev
- Department of Discovery Development Technologies, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Aroop Sircar
- Department of TIP OIO, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Integrated Supply Chain Operations, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vanita D Sood
- Department of Discovery Development Technologies, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of TIP OIO, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA.,D2M Biotherapeutics, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of TIP OIO, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kin-Ming Lo
- Department of TIP OIO, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
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Gauberti M, Martinez de Lizarrondo S. Molecular MRI of Neuroinflammation: Time to Overcome the Translational Roadblock. Neuroscience 2021; 474:30-36. [PMID: 34450211 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability to detect a molecular target in the central nervous system non-invasively and at high spatial resolution using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has attracted the interest of researchers for several decades. Yet, molecular MRI studies remain restricted to the preclinical stage and the path to clinical translation remains unclear. The focus of molecular MRI of neuroinflammation has moved from parenchymal to vascular targets, that are more easily reachable by intravenously injected probes. This has allowed the use of large superparamagnetic probes, such as micro-sized particles of iron oxide (MPIO), that dramatically improved the sensitivity of molecular MRI compared to smaller contrast agents. In particular, recent studies demonstrated the feasibility of unraveling inflammation in the brain by MRI using MPIO able to bind activated endothelial cells with potential applications in neurovascular, neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. In the present review, we present the most striking advances in the field and the remaining challenges that must be overcome before clinical use of molecular MRI of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauberti
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France; CHU Caen, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional radiology, CHU de Caen Côte de Nacre, Caen, France.
| | - Sara Martinez de Lizarrondo
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France.
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Adenovirus Type 6: Subtle Structural Distinctions from Adenovirus Type 5 Result in Essential Differences in Properties and Perspectives for Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101641. [PMID: 34683934 PMCID: PMC8540711 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus vectors are the most frequently used agents for gene therapy, including oncolytic therapy and vaccine development. It’s hard to overestimate the value of adenoviruses during the COVID-19 pandemic as to date four out of four approved viral vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are developed on adenovirus platform. The vast majority of adenoviral vectors are based on the most studied human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-C5), however, its immunogenicity often hampers the clinical translation of HAdV-C5 vectors. The search of less seroprevalent adenovirus types led to another species C adenovirus, Adenovirus type 6 (HAdV-C6). HAdV-C6 possesses high oncolytic efficacy against multiple cancer types and remarkable ability to induce the immune response towards carrying antigens. Being genetically very close to HAdV-C5, HAdV-C6 differs from HAdV-C5 in structure of the most abundant capsid protein, hexon. This leads to the ability of HAdV-C6 to evade the uptake by Kupffer cells as well as to distinct opsonization by immunoglobulins and other blood proteins, influencing the overall biodistribution of HAdV-C6 after systemic administration. This review describes the structural features of HAdV-C6, its interaction with liver cells and blood factors, summarizes the previous experiences using HAdV-C6, and provides the rationale behind the use of HAdV-C6 for vaccine and anticancer drugs developments.
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Unexpected enhancement of FVIII immunogenicity by endothelial expression in lentivirus-transduced and transgenic mice. Blood Adv 2021; 4:2272-2285. [PMID: 32453842 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor VIII (FVIII) replacement therapy for hemophilia A is complicated by development of inhibitory antibodies (inhibitors) in ∼30% of patients. Because endothelial cells (ECs) are the primary physiologic expression site, we probed the therapeutic potential of genetically restoring FVIII expression selectively in ECs in hemophilia A mice (FVIIInull). Expression of FVIII was driven by the Tie2 promoter in the context of lentivirus (LV)-mediated in situ transduction (T2F8LV) or embryonic stem cell-mediated transgenesis (T2F8Tg). Both endothelial expression approaches were associated with a strikingly robust immune response. Following in situ T2F8LV-mediated EC transduction, all FVIIInull mice developed inhibitors but had no detectable plasma FVIII. In the transgenic approach, the T2F8Tg mice had normalized plasma FVIII levels, but showed strong sensitivity to developing an FVIII immune response upon FVIII immunization. A single injection of FVIII with incomplete Freund adjuvant led to high titers of inhibitors and reduction of plasma FVIII to undetectable levels. Because ECs are putative major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII)-expressing nonhematopoietic, "semiprofessional" antigen-presenting cells (APCs), we asked whether they might directly influence the FVIII immune responses. Imaging and flow cytometric studies confirmed that both murine and human ECs express MHCII and efficiently bind and take up FVIII protein in vitro. Moreover, microvascular ECs preconditioned ex vivo with inflammatory cytokines could functionally present exogenously taken-up FVIII to previously primed CD4+/CXCR5+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells to drive FVIII-specific proliferation. Our results show an unanticipated immunogenicity of EC-expressed FVIII and suggest a context-dependent role for ECs in the regulation of inhibitors as auxiliary APCs for Tfh cells.
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Mooney B, Torres‐Velez FJ, Doering J, Ehrbar DJ, Mantis NJ. Sensitivity of Kupffer cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells to ricin toxin and ricin toxin-Ab complexes. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:1161-1176. [PMID: 31313388 PMCID: PMC7008010 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0419-123r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ricin toxin is a plant-derived, ribosome-inactivating protein that is rapidly cleared from circulation by Kupffer cells (KCs) and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs)-with fatal consequences. Rather than being inactivated, ricin evades normal degradative pathways and kills both KCs and LSECs with remarkable efficiency. Uptake of ricin by these 2 specialized cell types in the liver occurs by 2 parallel routes: a "lactose-sensitive" pathway mediated by ricin's galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine-specific lectin subunit (RTB), and a "mannose-sensitive" pathway mediated by the mannose receptor (MR; CD206) or other C-type lectins capable of recognizing the mannose-side chains displayed on ricin's A (RTA) and B subunits. In this report, we investigated the capacity of a collection of ricin-specific mouse MAb and camelid single-domain (VH H) antibodies to protect KCs and LSECs from ricin-induced killing. In the case of KCs, individual MAbs against RTA or RTB afforded near complete protection against ricin in ex vivo and in vivo challenge studies. In contrast, individual MAbs or VH Hs afforded little (<40%) or even no protection to LSECs against ricin-induced death. Complete protection of LSECs was only achieved with MAb or VH H cocktails, with the most effective mixtures targeting RTA and RTB simultaneously. Although the exact mechanisms of protection of LSECs remain unknown, evidence indicates that the Ab cocktails exert their effects on the mannose-sensitive uptake pathway without the need for Fcγ receptor involvement. In addition to advancing our understanding of how toxins and small immune complexes are processed by KCs and LSECs, our study has important implications for the development of Ab-based therapies designed to prevent or treat ricin exposure should the toxin be weaponized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Mooney
- Division of Infectious DiseasesWadsworth CenterNew York State Department of HealthAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | - Fernando J. Torres‐Velez
- Division of Infectious DiseasesWadsworth CenterNew York State Department of HealthAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | - Jennifer Doering
- Division of Infectious DiseasesWadsworth CenterNew York State Department of HealthAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | - Dylan J. Ehrbar
- Division of Infectious DiseasesWadsworth CenterNew York State Department of HealthAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | - Nicholas J. Mantis
- Division of Infectious DiseasesWadsworth CenterNew York State Department of HealthAlbanyNew YorkUSA
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Anderson CL, Ganesan LP, Robinson JM. The biology of the classical Fcγ receptors in non-hematopoietic cells. Immunol Rev 2015; 268:236-40. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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