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Silva de Carvalho V, Melo Lima KM, Calandrini de Azevedo LF, Panarra Ferreira Gomes das Neves PA, Borges RDS, Nagamachi CY, Pieczarka JC. New derivative of trans-dehydrocrotonin isolated from Croton cajucara shows reduced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. Toxicon 2022; 220:106940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Antunes C, Arbo MD, Konrath EL. Hepatoprotective Native Plants Documented in Brazilian Traditional Medicine Literature: Current Knowledge and Prospects. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100933. [PMID: 35421282 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The native flora of Brazil covers a large biodiversity of plants, some of which have important pharmacological properties. Ethnobotanical studies have established that the folk use of plants for hepatobiliary disorders is very common in Brazil. This review aimed to compile, describe and discuss the main native Brazilian medicinal plants used as hepatoprotective agents listed on 25 books by authors from various regions in the country. Based on the 153 species found, a comprehensive analysis of the most relevant scientific studies is presented, including Piper umbellatum, Echinodorus macrophyllus, Fevillea trilobata and Achyrocline satureioides. Some medicinal plants share both a large number of citations and scientific evidence to corroborate their hepatoprotective effects, including Solanum paniculatum, Baccharis crispa and Phyllanthus niruri, which could be of interest to develop new phytomedicines. Additionally, some active ingredients are indicated as being responsible for the liver protective effects described, particularly phenolic compounds (flavonoids, coumestans and lignans).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Antunes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90610-000, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dutra Arbo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90610-000, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luis Konrath
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90610-000, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
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Jiang L, Zhang YB, Jiang SQ, Zhou YD, Luo D, Niu QW, Qian YR, Li YL, Wang GC. Phorbol ester-type diterpenoids from the twigs and leaves of Croton tiglium. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2017; 19:1191-1197. [PMID: 28374632 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1307836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract from the twigs and leaves of Croton tiglium led to the isolation of two new phorbol esters (1-2) and seven known ones (3-9). Their structures were elucidated by the analyses of extensive spectroscopic data (IR, MS, and 1D and 2D NMR) and comparing with related compounds. Meanwhile, compounds 1-9 were determined for their cytotoxic activities on human lung cancer cell line A549. Among them, 1-2 were inactive against the cell line A549 (IC50 > 100 μM), but compounds 3 and 7 showed weak activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- a College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
- b Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Yu-Bo Zhang
- a College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
- b Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Si-Qi Jiang
- a College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
- b Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Yi-Duo Zhou
- a College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
- b Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Ding Luo
- a College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
- b Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Qian-Wen Niu
- a College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
- b Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Yi-Rui Qian
- a College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
- b Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Yao-Lan Li
- a College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
- b Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Guo-Cai Wang
- a College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
- b Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
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Li R, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Clerodane diterpenes: sources, structures, and biological activities. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:1166-226. [PMID: 27433555 PMCID: PMC5154363 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00137d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1990 to 2015The clerodane diterpenoids are a widespread class of secondary metabolites and have been found in several hundreds of plant species from various families and in organisms from other taxonomic groups. These substances have attracted interest in recent years due to their notable biological activities, particularly insect antifeedant properties. In addition, the major active clerodanes of Salvia divinorum can be used as novel opioid receptor probes, allowing greater insight into opioid receptor-mediated phenomena, as well as opening additional areas for chemical investigation. This article provides extensive coverage of naturally occurring clerodane diterpenes discovered from 1990 until 2015, and follows up on the 1992 review by Merritt and Ley in this same journal. The distribution, chemotaxonomic significance, chemical structures, and biological activities of clerodane diterpenes are summarized. In the cases where sufficient information is available, structure activity relationship (SAR) correlations and mode of action of active clerodanes have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Rabelo AFL, Guedes MM, da Rocha Tomé A, Lima PR, Maciel MA, de Sousa Lira SR, da Silva Carvalho AC, Santos FA, Rao VS. Vitamin E Ameliorates High Dose trans-Dehydrocrotonin-Associated Hepatic Damage in Mice. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000500405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
trans-Dehydrocrotonin ( t-DCTN), the diterpenoid from Croton cajucara Bentham, exhibits hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities, but in high doses is associated with a discrete hepatotoxicity. In the search for measures to mitigate this, pretreatment with the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and vitamin E has been examined. Mice that received a high dose t-DCTN (100 mg/kg) manifested hepatic damage, as evidenced by significant elevations in serum ALT and AST, and hepatic GSH, and histological alterations, which could be obliterated by pretreatment with vitamin E, but not with N-acetylcysteine, possibly by creating an effective antioxidant balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Fontales Lima Rabelo
- Departament of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, FederalUniversity of Ceara, POB-3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marjorie Moreira Guedes
- Departament of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, FederalUniversity of Ceara, POB-3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Adriana da Rocha Tomé
- Post-Graduation Program in Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rodrigues Lima
- Departament of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, FederalUniversity of Ceara, POB-3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Maciel
- Department of Chemistry, CCS, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Silveria Regina de Sousa Lira
- Departament of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, FederalUniversity of Ceara, POB-3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Carla da Silva Carvalho
- Departament of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, FederalUniversity of Ceara, POB-3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Flávia Almeida Santos
- Departament of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, FederalUniversity of Ceara, POB-3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vietla Satyanarayana Rao
- Departament of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, FederalUniversity of Ceara, POB-3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Areche C, Theoduloz C, Yáñez T, Souza-Brito ARM, Barbastefano V, de Paula D, Ferreira AL, Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Rodríguez JA. Gastroprotective activity of ferruginol in mice and rats: effects on gastric secretion, endogenous prostaglandins and non-protein sulfhydryls. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 60:245-51. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.2.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The gastroprotective mechanism of the natural diterpene ferruginol was assessed in mice and rats. The involvement of gastric prostaglandins (PGE2), reduced glutathione, nitric oxide or capsaicin receptors was evaluated in mice either treated or untreated with indometacin, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or ruthenium red, respectively, and then orally treated with ferruginol or vehicle. Gastric lesions were induced by oral administration of ethanol. The effects of ferruginol on the parameters of gastric secretion were assessed in pylorus-ligated rats. Gastric PGE2 content was determined in rats treated with ferruginol and/or indometacin. The reduction of gastric glutathione (GSH) content was determined in rats treated with ethanol after oral administration of ferruginol, lansoprazole or vehicle. Finally, the acute oral toxicity was assessed in mice. Indometacin reversed the gastroprotective effect of ferruginol (25 mg kg−1) but not NEM, ruthenium red or L-NAME. The diterpene (25 mg kg−1) increased the gastric juice volume and its pH value, and reduced the titrable acidity but was devoid of effect on the gastric mucus content. Ferruginol (25, 50 mg kg−1) increased gastric PGE2 content in a dose-dependent manner and prevented the reduction in GSH observed due to ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. Single oral doses up to 3 g kg−1 ferruginol did not elicit mortality or acute toxic effects in mice. Our results showed that ferruginol acted as a gastroprotective agent stimulating the gastric PGE2 synthesis, reducing the gastric acid output and improving the antioxidant capacity of the gastric mucosa by maintaining the GSH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Areche
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Cristina Theoduloz
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Tania Yáñez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Alba R M Souza-Brito
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, CP 6109, CEP 13083-970, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Víctor Barbastefano
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, CP 6109, CEP 13083-970, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Débora de Paula
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, CP 6109, CEP 13083-970, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Anderson L Ferreira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, CP 6109, CEP 13083-970, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Jaime A Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
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Rodríguez JA, Theoduloz C, Sánchez M, Yáñez T, Razmilic I, Schmeda-Hirschmann G. Gastroprotective activity of a new semi-synthetic solidagenone derivative in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 57:265-71. [PMID: 15720793 DOI: 10.1211/0022357055461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The gastroprotective activity of the new semi-synthetic solidagenone derivative 15,16-epoxy-8(9),13(16),14-labdatrien-7β-methoxy-6β-ol (ELMO) has been assessed on the model of HCl/EtOH-induced gastric lesions in mice. Human gastric epithelial cells (AGS) and fibroblasts (MRC-5) were used to determine its mode of action. The effect of ELMO on the prostaglandin E2 content, cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and protection against damage induced by sodium taurocholate was assessed against AGS cells. The effect of ELMO on the growth of AGS and fibroblast cultures was evaluated. The superoxide anion scavenging capacity of the compound was studied also. The cytotoxicity of ELMO, expressed as cell viability, was assessed using two independent endpoints: neutral red uptake (NRU) and the reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) for MRC-5 fibroblasts and NRU for AGS cells. A single oral dose of ELMO (10 and 20 mg kg−1) inhibited the appearance of gastric lesions in mice displaying similar values to lansoprazole at 20 mg kg−1. At 40 μm ELMO increased the prostaglandin E2 content but not GSH in AGS cells. The compound showed no effect on sodium taurocholate-induced damage and was devoid of superoxide anion scavenging activity. Concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 μm stimulated fibroblast but not AGS cell proliferation. The compound showed weak cytotoxicity with values (IC50) of 411 (NRU) and 418 μm (MTT) for fibroblasts and 261 μm (NRU) for AGS cells. The results support further pharmacological study of this compound as a potential new anti-ulcerogenic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.
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Frungillo L, Martins D, Teixeira S, Anazetti MC, Melo PDS, Durán N. Targeted antitumoral dehydrocrotonin nanoparticles with L-ascorbic acid 6-stearate. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:4796-807. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Reyes-Trejo B, Sánchez-Mendoza ME, Becerra-García AA, Cedillo-Portugal E, Castillo-Henkel C, Arrieta J. Bioassay-guided isolation of an anti-ulcer diterpenoid from Croton reflexifolius: role of nitric oxide, prostaglandins and sulfhydryls. J Pharm Pharmacol 2008; 60:931-6. [PMID: 18549681 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.7.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Croton reflexifolius H. B. K (Euphorbiaceae) is a very common medicinal plant in the Huastecan region of Mexico that, according to local folk medicine, is considered useful in the treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcer. We have aimed to test the validity of this practice by using the experimental model of an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in male Wistar rats. The results showed that C. reflexifolius had gastroprotector activity, that the hexane extract had the highest protective activity (64.38+/-7.72%), and that polyalthic acid isolated from this extract was the main active gastroprotector agent. Rats treated orally with polyalthic acid showed a gastroprotective effect similar to that elicited by carbenoxolone. As with carbenoxolone, the effect elicited by polyalthic acid was attenuated by pretreatment with either N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (70 mgkg(-1), i.p.), a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, or N-ethylmaleimide (10 mgkg(-1), s.c.), a blocker of sulfhydryl groups. This suggested that the gastroprotective mechanism of this diterpenoid involved the participation of both NO and endogenous sulfhydryl groups. Contrary to carbenoxolone, the gastroprotective effect of polyalthic acid was not affected by the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with indometacin (10 mgkg(-1), s. c.). In conclusion, Croton reflexifolius contains compounds with gastroprotector activity. Polyalthic acid, which was isolated from this plant, was the main compound with gastroprotector activity, having effectiveness similar to that found with the use of carbenoxolone. Whereas NO and sulfhydryl groups were involved in the mechanisms of gastroprotective action of polyalthic acid, prostaglandins were not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benito Reyes-Trejo
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Area de Química, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Apartado 74 Oficina de Correos Chapingo, Texcoco, México, 56230, México
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Pertino M, Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Rodríguez JA, Theoduloz C. Gastroprotective effect and cytotoxicity of terpenes from the Paraguayan crude drug "yagua rova" (Jatropha isabelli). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 111:553-9. [PMID: 17276635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Revised: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A new jatrophone derivative (6), jatrophone (3), jatropholone A (4) and jatropholone B (5), acetyl aleuritolic acid (1), cyperenoic acid (2) and a monoterpene were isolated from the rhizomes of the Paraguayan crude drug Jatropha isabelli. The compounds were characterized by spectroscopic means. The gastroprotective effect of jatrophone, jatropholone A and B as well as 9beta,13alpha-dihydroxyisabellione 6 and the triterpene 1 was assessed in the HCl/EtOH-induced gastric lesions model in mice. Jatrophone elicited a strong gastroprotective effect with no significant differences between 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg and reducing lesions from 88 to 93%. The jatropholones A and B showed remarkable differences in the gastroprotective assay. Jatropholone A presented a dose-related response, with maximum effect (54% lesion reduction) at the highest dose (100 mg/kg), jatropholone B showed a strong action at all the doses, reducing lesions by 83-91%. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was assessed towards fibroblasts and AGS cells. Jatrophone was toxic against both cell lines (IC50 values: 2.8 and 2.5 microM, respectively). Jatropholone B (5) was not cytotoxic while jatropholone A (4) displayed a selective effect against AGS cells (IC50: 49 microM). The relevance of stereochemistry in the biological effects is clear comparing the effect of jatropholone A and B against AGS cells, with IC50 values of 49 and > 1000 microM for the beta and alpha C-16 isomers, respectively. The results provide scientific support for the use of "yagua rova" as a gastroprotective crude drug in Paraguayan traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Pertino
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
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Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Astudillo L, Rodríguez J, Theoduloz C, Yáñez T. Gastroprotective effect of the Mapuche crude drug Araucaria araucana resin and its main constituents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 101:271-6. [PMID: 15985351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2004] [Revised: 03/18/2005] [Accepted: 04/30/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The resin from the tree Araucaria araucana (Araucariaceae) has been used since pre-columbian times by the Mapuche amerindians to treat ulcers. The gastroprotective effect of the resin was assessed in the ethanol-HCl-induced gastric ulcer in mice showing a dose-dependent gastroprotective activity at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg per os. The main three diterpene constituents of the resin, namely imbricatolic acid, 15-hydroxyimbricatolal and 15-acetoxyimbricatolic acid were isolated and evaluated for gastroprotective effect at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. A dose-related gastroprotective effect with highly significant activity (P<0.01) was observed at doses up to 200 mg/kg. At 100 mg/kg, the highest gastroprotective activity was provided by 15-hydroxyimbricatolal and 15-acetoxyimbricatolic acid, all of them being as active as the reference drug lansoprazole at 20 mg/kg. The cytotoxicity of the main diterpenes as well as lansoprazole was studied towards human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) and determined by the MTT reduction assay. A concentration-dependent cell viability inhibition was found with IC50 values ranging from 125 up to 290 microM. Our results support the traditional use of the Araucaria araucana resin by the Mapuche culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.
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Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Yesilada E. Traditional medicine and gastroprotective crude drugs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 100:61-6. [PMID: 15993015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A frequent question when dealing with the search for gastroprotective compounds from natural sources is how far or close are both the plant preparations and extract amounts from the doses recommended in traditional medicine and what should be considered realistic levels for experimental studies. The administration way is oral and therefore extracts and products should be administered by gavage when looking for validation of ethnopharmacological uses. Suggestions of doses for both crude extracts and pure compounds are presented and discussed. For plant extracts prepared from single herbs and herbal mixtures, dose-response studies in the range between 100 and 300 mg/kg are suggested, with more than a single gastric ulcer model either in rats or mice. A suitable reference compound should be used according to the ulcer model and in doses resembling those used for human patients. For pure compounds and structure-activity studies or trends, dose-response results should be provided for at least a parent compound in order to select a reasonable dose for comparison purposes. We suggest an evaluation of the activity of the parent compound in the 50-300 mg/kg range and to look for structural modification leading to derivatives with similar or higher gastroprotective effects than the reference antiulcer compounds.
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