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Rodríguez-Ramírez AM, Cedillo-Ríos V, Sanabrais-Jiménez MA, Becerra-Palars C, Hernández-Muñoz S, Ortega-Ortíz H, Camarena-Medellin B. Association of BDNF risk variant and dorsolateral cortical thickness with long-term treatment response to valproate in type I bipolar disorder: An exploratory study. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2024; 195:e32966. [PMID: 37921405 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Valproate is among the most prescribed drugs for bipolar disorder; however, 87% of patients do not report full long-term treatment response (LTTR) to this medication. One of valproate's suggested mechanisms of action involves the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), expressed in the brain areas regulating emotions, such as the prefrontal cortex. Nonetheless, data about the role of BDNF in LTTR and its implications in the structure of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is scarce. We explore the association of BDNF variants and dorsolateral cortical thickness (CT) with LTTR to valproate in bipolar disorder type I (BDI). Twenty-eight BDI patients were genotyped for BDNF polymorphisms rs1519480, rs6265, and rs7124442, and T1-weighted 3D brain scans were acquired. LTTR to valproate was evaluated with Alda's scale. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate LTTR according to BDNF genotypes and CT. We evaluated CT differences by genotypes with analysis of covariance. LTTR was associated with BDNF rs1519480 and right dlPFC thickness. Insufficient responders with the CC genotype had thicker right dlPFC than TC and TT genotypes. Full responders reported thicker right dlPFC in TC and TT genotypes. In conclusion, different patterns of CT related to BDNF genotypes were identified, suggesting a potential biomarker of LTTR to valproate in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valente Cedillo-Ríos
- Departamento de Imágenes Cerebrales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Claudia Becerra-Palars
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Hernández-Muñoz
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hiram Ortega-Ortíz
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Camarena-Medellin
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
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Lucchelli JP, Kourakou S, Ciraselli N. Treating bipolar disorder with rapid cycles: About a case. Encephale 2021; 48:722-724. [PMID: 34801234 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J P Lucchelli
- Hôpital du Jura Bernois, Pôle de Santé Mentale, L'Abbaye, 22713 Bellelay, Switzerland; Laboratoire de psychopathologie, E.A. 4050, Université de Rennes 2, place du Recteur Henri Le Moal, CS 24307, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France.
| | - S Kourakou
- Hôpital du Jura Bernois, Pôle de Santé Mentale, L'Abbaye, 22713 Bellelay, Switzerland
| | - N Ciraselli
- Hôpital du Jura Bernois, Pôle de Santé Mentale, L'Abbaye, 22713 Bellelay, Switzerland
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Devlin P, Cao X, Stanfill AG. Genotype-expression interactions for BDNF across human brain regions. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:207. [PMID: 33757426 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic variations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are associated with various psychiatric disorders including depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, substance use disorders, and schizophrenia; altered gene expression triggered by these genetic variants may serve to create these phenotypes. But genotype-expression interactions for this gene have not been well-studied across brain regions relevant for psychiatric disorders. Results At false discovery rate (FDR) of 10% (q < 0.1), a total of 61 SNPs were associated with BDNF expression in cerebellum (n = 209), 55 SNPs in cortex (n = 205), 48 SNPs in nucleus accumbens (n = 202), 47 SNPs in caudate (n = 194), and 58 SNPs in cerebellar hemisphere (n = 175). We identified a set of 30 SNPs in 2 haplotype blocks that were associated with alterations in expression for each of these 5 regions. The first haplotype block included variants associated in the literature with panic disorders (rs16917204), addiction (rs11030104), bipolar disorder (rs16917237/rs2049045), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (rs6265). Likewise, variants in the second haplotype block have been previously associated with disorders such as nicotine addiction, major depressive disorder (rs988748), and epilepsy (rs6484320/rs7103411). Conclusions This work supports the association of variants within BDNF for expression changes in these key brain regions that may contribute to common behavioral phenotypes for disorders of compulsion, impulsivity, and addiction. These SNPs should be further investigated as possible therapeutic and diagnostic targets to aid in management of these and other psychiatric disorders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07525-1.
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Levenberg K, Hajnal A, George DR, Saunders EFH. Prolonged functional cerebral asymmetry as a consequence of dysfunctional parvocellular paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus signaling: An integrative model for the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Med Hypotheses 2020; 146:110433. [PMID: 33317848 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 45 million people worldwide are diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD). While there are many known risk factors and models of the pathologic processes influencing BD, the exact neurologic underpinnings of BD are unknown. We attempt to integrate the existing literature and create a unifying hypothesis regarding the pathophysiology of BD with the hope that a concrete model may potentially facilitate more specific diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of BD in the future. We hypothesize that dysfunctional signaling from the parvocellular neurons of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) results in the clinical presentation of BD. Functional damage to this nucleus and its signaling pathways may be mediated by myriad factors (e.g. immune dysregulation and auto-immune processes, polygenetic variation, dysfunctional interhemispheric connections, and impaired or overactivated hypothalamic axes) which could help explain the wide variety of clinical presentations along the BD spectrum. The neurons of the PVN regulate ultradian rhythms, which are observed in cyclic variations in healthy individuals, and mediate changes in functional hemispheric lateralization. Theoretically, dysfunctional PVN signaling results in prolonged functional hemispheric dominance. In this model, prolonged right hemispheric dominance leads to depressive symptoms, whereas left hemispheric dominance correlated to the clinical picture of mania. Subsequently, physiologic processes that increase signaling through the PVN (hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis, hypothalamic- pituitary-gonadal axis, and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity, suprachiasmatic nucleus pathways) as well as, neuro-endocrine induced excito-toxicity, auto-immune and inflammatory flairs may induce mood episodes in susceptible individuals. Potentially, ultradian rhythms slowing with age, in combination with changes in hypothalamic axes and maturation of neural circuitry, accounts for BD clinically presenting more frequently in young adulthood than later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Levenberg
- College of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, State College, USA.
| | - Andras Hajnal
- Neural & Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, State College, USA
| | - Daniel R George
- Department of Humanities, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - Erika F H Saunders
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State University College of Medicine, State College, USA
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Bengesser SA, Mörkl S, Painold A, Dalkner N, Birner A, Fellendorf FT, Platzer M, Queissner R, Hamm C, Maget A, Pilz R, Rieger A, Wagner-Skacel J, Reininghaus B, Kapfhammer HP, Petek E, Kashofer K, Halwachs B, Holzer P, Waha A, Reininghaus EZ. Epigenetics of the molecular clock and bacterial diversity in bipolar disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 101:160-166. [PMID: 30465968 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The gut microbiome harbors substantially more genetic material than our body cells and has an impact on a huge variety of physiological mechanisms including the production of neurotransmitters and the interaction with brain functions through the gut-brain-axis. Products of microbiota can affect methylation according to preclinical studies. The current investigation aimed at analyzing the correlation between gut microbiome diversity and the methylation of the clock gene ARNTL in individuals with Bipolar Disorder (BD). Methods Genomic DNA was isolated from fasting blood of study participants with BD (n = 32). The methylation analysis of the ARNTL CG site cg05733463 was performed by bisulfite treatment of genomic DNA with the Epitect kit, PCR and pyrosequencing. Additionally, DNA was extracted from stool samples and subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing. QIIME was used to analyze microbiome data. Results Methylation status of the ARNTL CpG position cg05733463 correlated significantly with bacterial diversity (Simpson index: r= -0.389, p = 0.0238) and evenness (Simpson evenness index: r= -0.358, p = 0.044). Furthermore, bacterial diversity differed significantly between euthymia and depression (F(1,30) = 4.695, p = 0.039). Discussion The results of our pilot study show that bacterial diversity differs between euthymia and depression. Interestingly, gut microbiome diversity and evenness correlate negatively with methylation of ARNTL, which is known to regulate monoamine oxidase A transcription. We propose that alterations in overall diversity of the gut microbiome represent an internal environmental factor that has an epigenetic impact on the clock gene ARNTL which is thought to be involved in BD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bengesser
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - S Mörkl
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria.
| | - A Painold
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - N Dalkner
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - A Birner
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - F T Fellendorf
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - M Platzer
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - R Queissner
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - C Hamm
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - A Maget
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - R Pilz
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - A Rieger
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - J Wagner-Skacel
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - B Reininghaus
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - H P Kapfhammer
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - E Petek
- MUG, Diagnostic & Research Institute of Human Genetics, Austria
| | | | | | - P Holzer
- MUG, Otto Loewi Research Centre, Austria
| | - A Waha
- University of Bonn, Institute of Neuropathology, Germany
| | - E Z Reininghaus
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
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Plans L, Barrot C, Nieto E, Rios J, Schulze TG, Papiol S, Mitjans M, Vieta E, Benabarre A. Association between completed suicide and bipolar disorder: A systematic review of the literature. J Affect Disord 2019; 242:111-122. [PMID: 30173059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Completed suicide is a major cause of death in bipolar disorder (BD) patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to provide an overall review of the existing literature of completed suicide in BD patients, including clinical and genetic data DATA SOURCES: We performed a systematic review of English and non-English articles published on MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycInfo and Cochrane database (1970-2017). Additional studies were identified by contacting clinical experts, searching bibliographies, major textbooks and website of World Health Organization. Initially we did a broad search for the association of bipolar disorder and suicide and we were narrowing the search in terms included "bipolar disorder" and "completed suicide". STUDY SELECTION Inclusion criteria were articles about completed suicide in patients with BD. Articles exclusively focusing on suicide attempts and suicidal behaviour have been excluded. We used PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) consensus for drafting this systematic review. RESULTS The initial search generated 2806 articles and a total of 61 meeting our inclusion criteria. We reviewed epidemiological data, genetic factors, risk factors and treatment of completed suicide in BD. Suicide rates in BD vary between studies but our analyses show that they are approximately 20-30-fold greater than in general population. The highest risk of successful suicide was observed in BD-II subjects. The heritability of completed suicide is about 40% and some genes related to major neurotransmitter systems have been associated with suicide. Lithium is the only treatment that has shown anti-suicide potential. LIMITATIONS The most important limitation of the present review is the limited existing literature on completed suicide in BD. CONCLUSIONS BD patients are at high risk for suicide. It is possible to identify some factors related to completed suicide, such as early onset, family history of suicide among first-degree relatives, previous attempted suicides, comorbidities and treatment. However it is necessary to promote research on this serious health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Plans
- Mental Health Division of Althaia, Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Barrot
- Forensic Genetic Laboratori, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Nieto
- Mental Health Division of Althaia, Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Rios
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Laboratório de Bioestatística e Epidemiologia, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Bioestadística y Plataforma de Gestión de Datos, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - S Papiol
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - M Mitjans
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - E Vieta
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - A Benabarre
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Marinho V, Pinto GR, Figueiredo R, Ayres C, Bandeira J, Teixeira S. The BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism Promotes Changes in the Neuronal Integrity and Alters the Time Perception. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 67:82-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Ghasemi M, Claunch J, Niu K. Pathologic role of nitrergic neurotransmission in mood disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 173:54-87. [PMID: 29890213 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders are chronic, recurrent mental diseases that affect millions of individuals worldwide. Although over the past 40 years the biogenic amine models have provided meaningful links with the clinical phenomena of, and the pharmacological treatments currently employed in, mood disorders, there is still a need to examine the contribution of other systems to the neurobiology and treatment of mood disorders. This article reviews the current literature describing the potential role of nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the pathophysiology and thereby the treatment of mood disorders. The hypothesis has arisen from several observations including (i) altered NO levels in patients with mood disorders; (ii) antidepressant effects of NO signaling blockers in both clinical and pre-clinical studies; (iii) interaction between conventional antidepressants/mood stabilizers and NO signaling modulators in several biochemical and behavioral studies; (iv) biochemical and physiological evidence of interaction between monoaminergic (serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine) system and NO signaling; (v) interaction between neurotrophic factors and NO signaling in mood regulation and neuroprotection; and finally (vi) a crucial role for NO signaling in the inflammatory processes involved in pathophysiology of mood disorders. These accumulating lines of evidence have provided a new insight into novel approaches for the treatment of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Joshua Claunch
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Kathy Niu
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
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Safari R, Tunca Z, Özerdem A, Ceylan D, Yalçın Y, Sakizli M. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphisms affect severity and functionality of bipolar disorder. J Integr Neurosci 2018; 16:471-481. [DOI: 10.3233/jin-170031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roghaiyeh Safari
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35220, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Tunca
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35220, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Özerdem
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35220, Turkey
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35220, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ceylan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35220, Turkey
| | - Yaprak Yalçın
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35220, Turkey
| | - Meral Sakizli
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35220, Turkey
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Buoli M, Serati M, Altamura AC. Biological aspects and candidate biomarkers for rapid-cycling in bipolar disorder: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res 2017; 258:565-575. [PMID: 28864122 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Rapid-cycling bipolar disorder represents a frequent severe subtype of illness which has been associated with poor response to pharmacological treatment. Aim of the present article is to provide an updated review of biological markers associated with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. A research in the main database sources has been conducted to identify relevant papers about the topic. Rapid-cycling bipolar disorder patients seem to have a more frequent family history for bipolar spectrum disorders (d range: 0.44-0.74) as well as an increased susceptibility to DNA damage or mRNA hypo-transcription (d range: 0.78-1.67) than non rapid-cycling ones. A susceptibility to hypothyroidism, which is exacerbated by treatment with lithium, is possible in rapid-cycling bipolar disorder, but further studies are needed to draw definitive conclusions. Rapid-cycling bipolar patients might have more insuline resistance as well as more severe brain changes in frontal areas (d range: 0.82-0.94) than non rapid-cycling ones. Many questions are still open about this topic. The first is whether the rapid-cycling is inheritable or is more generally the manifestation of a severe form of bipolar disorder. The second is whether some endocrine dysfunctions (diabetes and hypothyroidism) predispose to rapid-cycling or rapid-cycling is the consequence of drug treatment or medical comorbidities (e.g. obesity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Buoli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marta Serati
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - A Carlo Altamura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
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11
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Goldstein BI. Bipolar Disorder and the Vascular System: Mechanisms and New Prevention Opportunities. Can J Cardiol 2017; 33:1565-1576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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12
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Frye MA, Ryu E, Nassan M, Jenkins GD, Andreazza AC, Evans JM, McElroy SL, Oglesbee D, Highsmith WE, Biernacka JM. Mitochondrial DNA sequence data reveals association of haplogroup U with psychosis in bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 84:221-226. [PMID: 27770741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Converging genetic, postmortem gene-expression, cellular, and neuroimaging data implicate mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder. This study was conducted to investigate whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) are associated with sub-phenotypes of bipolar disorder. MtDNA from 224 patients with Bipolar I disorder (BPI) was sequenced, and association of sequence variations with 3 sub-phenotypes (psychosis, rapid cycling, and adolescent illness onset) was evaluated. Gene-level tests were performed to evaluate overall burden of minor alleles for each phenotype. The haplogroup U was associated with a higher risk of psychosis. Secondary analyses of SNVs provided nominal evidence for association of psychosis with variants in the tRNA, ND4 and ND5 genes. The association of psychosis with ND4 (gene that encodes NADH dehydrogenase 4) was further supported by gene-level analysis. Preliminary analysis of mtDNA sequence data suggests a higher risk of psychosis with the U haplogroup and variation in the ND4 gene implicated in electron transport chain energy regulation. Further investigation of the functional consequences of this mtDNA variation is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Euijung Ryu
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Malik Nassan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gregory D Jenkins
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Psychiatry & Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jared M Evans
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Devin Oglesbee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - W Edward Highsmith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joanna M Biernacka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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13
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Li M, Chang H, Xiao X. BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and bipolar disorder in European populations: A risk association in case-control, family-based and GWAS studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:218-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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14
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Antypa N, Souery D, Tomasini M, Albani D, Fusco F, Mendlewicz J, Serretti A. Clinical and genetic factors associated with suicide in mood disorder patients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 266:181-93. [PMID: 26626456 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-015-0658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Suicidality is a continuum ranging from ideation to attempted and completed suicide, with a complex etiology involving both genetic heritability and environmental factors. The majority of suicide events occur in the context of psychiatric conditions, preeminently major depression and bipolar disorder. The present study investigates clinical factors associated with suicide in a sample of 553 mood disorder patients, recruited within the 'Psy Pluriel' center, Centre Européen de Psychologie Médicale, and the Department of Psychiatry of Erasme Hospital (Brussels). Furthermore, genetic association analyses examining polymorphisms within COMT, BDNF, MAPK1 and CREB1 genes were performed in a subsample of 259 bipolar patients. The presence or absence of a previous suicide attempt and of current suicide risk were assessed. A positive association with suicide attempt was reported for younger patients, females, lower educated, smokers, those with higher scores on depressive symptoms and higher functional disability and those with anxiety comorbidity and familial history of suicidality in first- and second-degree relatives. Anxiety disorder comorbidity was the stronger predictor of current suicide risk. No associations were found with polymorphisms within COMT and BDNF genes, whereas significant associations were found with variations in rs13515 (MAPK1) and rs6740584 (CREB1) polymorphisms. From a clinical perspective, our study proposes several clinical characteristics, such as increased depressive symptomatology, anxiety comorbidity, functional disability and family history of suicidality, as correlates associated with suicide. Genetic risk variants in MAPK1 and CREB1 genes might be involved in a dysregulation of inflammatory and neuroplasticity pathways and are worthy of future investigation.
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O'Shea KS, McInnis MG. Neurodevelopmental origins of bipolar disorder: iPSC models. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 73:63-83. [PMID: 26608002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BP) is a chronic neuropsychiatric condition characterized by pathological fluctuations in mood from mania to depression. Adoption, twin and family studies have consistently identified a significant hereditary component to BP, yet there is no clear genetic event or consistent neuropathology. BP has been suggested to have a developmental origin, although this hypothesis has been difficult to test since there are no viable neurons or glial cells to analyze, and research has relied largely on postmortem brain, behavioral and imaging studies, or has examined proxy tissues including saliva, olfactory epithelium and blood cells. Neurodevelopmental factors, particularly pathways related to nervous system development, cell migration, extracellular matrix, H3K4 methylation, and calcium signaling have been identified in large gene expression and GWAS studies as altered in BP. Recent advances in stem cell biology, particularly the ability to reprogram adult somatic tissues to a pluripotent state, now make it possible to interrogate these pathways in viable cell models. A number of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from BP patient and healthy control (C) individuals have been derived in several laboratories, and their ability to form cortical neurons examined. Early studies suggest differences in activity, calcium signaling, blocks to neuronal differentiation, and changes in neuronal, and possibly glial, lineage specification. Initial observations suggest that differentiation of BP patient-derived neurons to dorsal telencephalic derivatives may be impaired, possibly due to alterations in WNT, Hedgehog or Nodal pathway signaling. These investigations strongly support a developmental contribution to BP and identify novel pathways, mechanisms and opportunities for improved treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sue O'Shea
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3051 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher PL, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5765, United States.
| | - Melvin G McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5765, United States
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Kennedy KP, Cullen KR, DeYoung CG, Klimes-Dougan B. The genetics of early-onset bipolar disorder: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2015; 184:1-12. [PMID: 26057335 PMCID: PMC5552237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-onset bipolar disorder has been associated with a significantly worse prognosis than late-onset BD and has been hypothesized to be a genetically homogenous subset of BD. A sizeable number of studies have investigated early-onset BD through linkage-analyses, candidate-gene association studies, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and analyses of copy number variants (CNVs), but this literature has not yet been reviewed. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed database on articles published online before January 15, 2015 and after 1990. Separate searches were made for linkage studies, candidate gene-association studies, GWAS, and studies on CNVs. RESULTS Seventy-three studies were included in our review. There is a lack of robust positive findings on the genetics of early-onset BD in any major molecular genetics method. LIMITATIONS Early-onset populations were quite small in some studies. Variance in study methods hindered efforts to interpret results or conduct meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS The field is still at an early phase for research on early-onset BD. The largely null findings mirror the results of most genetics research on BD. Although most studies were underpowered, the null findings could mean that early-onset BD may not be as genetically homogenous as has been hypothesized or even that early-onset BD does not differ genetically from adult-onset BD. Nevertheless, clinically the probabilistic developmental risk trajectories associated with early-onset that may not be primarily genetically determined continued to warrant scrutiny. Future research should dramatically expand sample sizes, use atheoretical research methods like GWAS, and standardize methods.
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Nassan M, Croarkin PE, Luby JL, Veldic M, Joshi PT, McElroy SL, Post RM, Walkup JT, Cercy K, Geske J, Wagner KD, Cuellar-Barboza AB, Casuto L, Lavebratt C, Schalling M, Jensen PS, Biernacka JM, Frye MA. Association of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism with early-onset bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2015; 17:645-52. [PMID: 26528762 PMCID: PMC4672380 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met (rs6265) functional polymorphism has been implicated in early-onset bipolar disorder. However, results of studies are inconsistent. We aimed to further explore this association. METHODS DNA samples from the Treatment of Early Age Mania (TEAM) and Mayo Clinic Bipolar Disorder Biobank were investigated for association of rs6265 with early-onset bipolar disorder. Bipolar cases were classified as early onset if the first manic or depressive episode occurred at age ≤19 years (versus adult-onset cases at age >19 years). After quality control, 69 TEAM early-onset bipolar disorder cases, 725 Mayo Clinic bipolar disorder cases (including 189 early-onset cases), and 764 controls were included in the analysis of association, assessed with logistic regression assuming log-additive allele effects. RESULTS Comparison of TEAM cases with controls suggested association of early-onset bipolar disorder with the rs6265 minor allele [odds ratio (OR) = 1.55, p = 0.04]. Although comparison of early-onset adult bipolar disorder cases from the Mayo Clinic versus controls was not statistically significant, the OR estimate indicated the same direction of effect (OR = 1.21, p = 0.19). When the early-onset TEAM and Mayo Clinic early-onset adult groups were combined and compared with the control group, the association of the minor allele rs6265 was statistically significant (OR = 1.30, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary analyses of a relatively small sample with early-onset bipolar disorder are suggestive that functional variation in BDNF is implicated in bipolar disorder risk and may have a more significant role in early-onset expression of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Nassan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Paul E Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Marin Veldic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Paramjit T Joshi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - John T Walkup
- Department of Psychiatry, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Kelly Cercy
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jennifer Geske
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Karen D Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Joanna M Biernacka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Notaras M, Hill R, van den Buuse M. The BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism as a modifier of psychiatric disorder susceptibility: progress and controversy. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:916-30. [PMID: 25824305 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has a primary role in neuronal development, differentiation and plasticity in both the developing and adult brain. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the proregion of BDNF, termed the Val66Met polymorphism, results in deficient subcellular translocation and activity-dependent secretion of BDNF, and has been associated with impaired neurocognitive function in healthy adults and in the incidence and clinical features of several psychiatric disorders. Research investigating the Val66Met polymorphism has increased markedly in the past decade, and a gap in integration exists between and within academic subfields interested in the effects of this variant. Here we comprehensively review the role and relevance of the Val66Met polymorphism in psychiatric disorders, with emphasis on suicidal behavior and anxiety, eating, mood and psychotic disorders. The cognitive and molecular neuroscience of the Val66Met polymorphism is also concisely reviewed to illustrate the effects of this genetic variant in healthy controls, and is complemented by a commentary on the behavioral neuroscience of BDNF and the Val66Met polymorphism where relevant to specific disorders. Lastly, a number of controversies and unresolved issues, including small effect sizes, sampling of allele inheritance but not genotype and putative ethnicity-specific effects of the Val66Met polymorphism, are also discussed to direct future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Notaras
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R Hill
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M van den Buuse
- 1] Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia [2] School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Young JW, Dulcis D. Investigating the mechanism(s) underlying switching between states in bipolar disorder. Eur J Pharmacol. 2015;759:151-162. [PMID: 25814263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a unique disorder that transcends domains of function since the same patient can exhibit depression or mania, states with polar opposite mood symptoms. During depression, people feel helplessness, reduced energy, and risk aversion, while with mania behaviors include grandiosity, increased energy, less sleep, and risk preference. The neural mechanism(s) underlying each state are gaining clarity, with catecholaminergic disruption seen during mania, and cholinergic dysfunction during depression. The fact that the same patient cycles/switches between these states is the defining characteristic of BD however. Of greater importance therefore, is the mechanism(s) underlying cycling from one state - and its associated neural changes - to another, considered the 'holy grail' of BD research. Herein, we review studies investigating triggers that induce switching to these states. By identifying such triggers, researchers can study neural mechanisms underlying each state and importantly how such mechanistic changes can occur in the same subject. Current animal models of this switch are also discussed, from submissive- and dominant-behaviors to kindling effects. Focus however, is placed on how seasonal changes can induce manic and depressive states in BD sufferers. Importantly, changing photoperiod lengths can induce local switches in neurotransmitter expression in normal animals, from increased catecholaminergic expression during periods of high activity, to increased somatostatin and corticotrophin releasing factor during periods of low activity. Identifying susceptibilities to this switch would enable the development of targeted animal models. From animal models, targeted treatments could be developed and tested that would minimize the likelihood of switching.
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20
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Park MH, Chang KD, Hallmayer J, Howe ME, Kim E, Hong SC, Singh MK. Preliminary study of anxiety symptoms, family dysfunction, and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met genotype in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 61:81-8. [PMID: 25498133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several genetic and environmental factors place youth offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (BD) at high risk for developing mood and anxiety disorders. Recent studies suggest that anxiety symptoms, even at subclinical levels, have been associated with an increased risk for developing BD. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene has been implicated in the pathophysiology of both BD and anxiety disorders. We aimed to explore whether anxiety in BD offspring was associated with the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. 64 BD offspring (mean age: 13.73 (S.D. 3.45) M = 30, F = 34) and 51 HC (mean age: 13.68 (S.D. 2.68) M = 23, F = 28) were compared on presence of the met allele and on scores from the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC). To assess family function, we used the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES-IV). The Baron & Kenny method was the statistical approach used to examine the moderating effects between variables. BD offspring showed higher levels of overall anxiety than did the HC group. BD offspring with the val/val genotype showed higher levels of anxiety than BD offspring with other genotypes. No significant levels of anxiety or its association with BDNF genotype were found in the HC group. BD offspring group showed significantly more family dysfunction when compared with the HC group and the family dysfunction moderated the association between the BDNF genotype and anxiety symptoms. This study demonstrated the potential interplay of three factors: BD offspring, anxiety symptoms and family dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hyeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincent Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kiki D Chang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joachim Hallmayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Meghan E Howe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Chul Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincent Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Manpreet K Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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21
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Fonseka TM, Tiwari AK, Gonçalves VF, Lieberman JA, Meltzer HY, Goldstein BI, Kennedy JL, Kennedy SH, Müller DJ. The role of genetic variation across IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and BDNF in antipsychotic-induced weight gain. World J Biol Psychiatry 2015; 16:45-56. [PMID: 25560300 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2014.984631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antipsychotics with high weight gain-inducing propensities influence the expression of immune and neurotrophin genes, which have been independently related to obesity indices. Thus, we investigated whether variants in the genes encoding interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met are associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG). METHODS Nineteen polymorphisms were genotyped using Taqman(®) assays in 188 schizophrenia patients on antipsychotic treatment for up to 14 weeks. Mean weight change (%) from baseline was compared across genotypic groups using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Epistatic effects between cytokine polymorphisms and BDNF Val66Met were tested using Model-Based Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction. RESULTS In European patients, IL-1β rs16944*GA (P = 0.013, Pcorrected = 0.182), IL-1β rs1143634*G (P = 0.001, Pcorrected = 0.014), and BDNF Val66Met (Val/Val, P = 0.004, Pcorrected = 0.056) were associated with greater AIWG, as were IL-1β rs4849127*A (P = 0.049, Pcorrected = 0.784), and IL-1β rs16944*GA (P = 0.012, Pcorrected = 0.192) in African Americans. BDNF Val66Met interacted with both IL-1β rs13032029 (Val/Met+ TT, PPerm = 0.029), and IL-6 rs2069837 (Val/Val+ AA, PPerm = 0.021) in Europeans, in addition to IL-1β rs16944 (Val/Val+ GA, PPerm = 0.006) in African Americans. CONCLUSIONS SNPs across IL-1β and BDNF Val66Met may influence AIWG. Replication of these findings in larger, independent samples is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trehani M Fonseka
- Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health & Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
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Wang Z, Li Z, Gao K, Fang Y. Association between brain-derived neurotrophic factor genetic polymorphism Val66Met and susceptibility to bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:366. [PMID: 25539739 PMCID: PMC4297385 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-014-0366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In view of previous conflicting findings, this meta-analysis was performed to comprehensively determine the overall strength of associations between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genetic polymorphism Val66Met and susceptibility to bipolar disorders (BPD). METHODS Literatures published and cited in Pubmed and Wanfang Data was searched with terms of 'Val66Met', 'G196A', 'rs6265', 'BDNF', 'association', and 'bipolar disorder' up to March 2014. All original case-control association studies were meta-analyzed with a pooled OR to estimate the risk and 95% confidence interval (CI) to reflect the magnitude of variance. RESULTS Twenty-one case-control association studies met our criteria for the meta-analysis. Overall, there was no significant difference in allelic distribution of Val66Met polymorphism between patients and controls with a pooled OR = 1.03 (95% CI 0.98, 1.08) although there was a trend towards association between Val66Met polymorphism and BPD in Caucasians with an OR of 1.08 (95% CI 1.00, 1.16). However, subgroup analyses showed that there was a significant association of Val allele with decreased disease susceptibility for bipolar disorder type II with a pooled OR of 0.88 (95% CI 0.78, 0.99). CONCLUSIONS There is no compelling evidence to supportVal66Met polymorphism in BDNF gene playing an important role in the susceptibility to BPD across different ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuowei Wang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Hongkou District Mental Health Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200083, P. R. China. .,Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China.
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China.
| | - Keming Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Clinic in the Mood Disorders Program, University Hospitals Case Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA.
| | - Yiru Fang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China.
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Grande I, Magalhães PVS, Chendo I, Stertz L, Fries GR, Cereser KM, Cunha ÂBM, Gói P, Kunz M, Udina M, Martín-Santos R, Frey BN, Vieta E, Kapczinski F. Val66Met polymorphism and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in bipolar disorder: an open-label trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2014; 129:393-400. [PMID: 23957567 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is consistently associated with acute mood episodes in bipolar disorder, but there is a lack of longitudinal data to support this hypothesis. In this 16-week open-label clinical trial, we tested the predictive role of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on serum BDNF levels and the relationship of serum BDNF and clinical response in people with bipolar disorder during an acute illness episode. METHOD Sixty-four people with bipolar disorder who were medication-free at baseline and in an acute mood episode were recruited. They were matched with 64 healthy controls. Clinical evaluation, serum BDNF, and BDNF Val66Met polymorphism were determined at baseline, and change in serum BDNF was assessed in patients at weeks 2, 4, 8 and 16. RESULTS There were no differences between patients and controls in serum BDNF or in frequencies of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism genotype at baseline. The multivariable model showed that Met carriers had a significantly different change in BDNF levels compared with Val homozygotes. Not achieving a complete remission was also associated with lower prospectively assessed BDNF levels. CONCLUSION This study provides the first longitudinal evidence that both the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and remission status predict change in circulating BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Grande
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Can A, Schulze TG, Gould TD. Molecular actions and clinical pharmacogenetics of lithium therapy. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 123:3-16. [PMID: 24534415 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders, including bipolar disorder and depression, are relatively common human diseases for which pharmacological treatment options are often not optimal. Among existing pharmacological agents and mood stabilizers used for the treatment of mood disorders, lithium has a unique clinical profile. Lithium has efficacy in the treatment of bipolar disorder generally, and in particular mania, while also being useful in the adjunct treatment of refractory depression. In addition to antimanic and adjunct antidepressant efficacy, lithium is also proven effective in the reduction of suicide and suicidal behaviors. However, only a subset of patients manifests beneficial responses to lithium therapy and the underlying genetic factors of response are not exactly known. Here we discuss preclinical research suggesting mechanisms likely to underlie lithium's therapeutic actions including direct targets inositol monophosphatase and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) among others, as well as indirect actions including modulation of neurotrophic and neurotransmitter systems and circadian function. We follow with a discussion of current knowledge related to the pharmacogenetic underpinnings of effective lithium therapy in patients within this context. Progress in elucidation of genetic factors that may be involved in human response to lithium pharmacology has been slow, and there is still limited conclusive evidence for the role of a particular genetic factor. However, the development of new approaches such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and increased use of genetic testing and improved identification of mood disorder patients sub-groups will lead to improved elucidation of relevant genetic factors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Can
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Todd D Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Kapczinski F, Frey BN, Kauer-Sant’Anna M, Grassi-Oliveira R. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neuroplasticity in bipolar disorder. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 8:1101-13. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.8.7.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Xu W, Cohen-Woods S, Chen Q, Noor A, Knight J, Hosang G, Parikh SV, De Luca V, Tozzi F, Muglia P, Forte J, McQuillin A, Hu P, Gurling HMD, Kennedy JL, McGuffin P, Farmer A, Strauss J, Vincent JB. Genome-wide association study of bipolar disorder in Canadian and UK populations corroborates disease loci including SYNE1 and CSMD1. BMC Med Genet 2014; 15:2. [PMID: 24387768 PMCID: PMC3901032 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-15-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for cases versus controls using single nucleotide polymorphism microarray data have shown promising findings for complex neuropsychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS Here we describe a comprehensive genome-wide study of bipolar disorder (BD), cross-referencing analysis from a family-based study of 229 small families with association analysis from over 950 cases and 950 ethnicity-matched controls from the UK and Canada. Further, loci identified in these analyses were supported by pathways identified through pathway analysis on the samples. RESULTS Although no genome-wide significant markers were identified, the combined GWAS findings have pointed to several genes of interest that support GWAS findings for BD from other groups or consortia, such as at SYNE1 on 6q25, PPP2R2C on 4p16.1, ZNF659 on 3p24.3, CNTNAP5 (2q14.3), and CDH13 (16q23.3). This apparent corroboration across multiple sites gives much confidence to the likelihood of genetic involvement in BD at these loci. In particular, our two-stage strategy found association in both our combined case/control analysis and the family-based analysis on 1q21.2 (closest gene: sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 gene, S1PR1) and on 1q24.1 near the gene TMCO1, and at CSMD1 on 8p23.2, supporting several previous GWAS reports for BD and for schizophrenia. Pathway analysis suggests association of pathways involved in calcium signalling, neuropathic pain signalling, CREB signalling in neurons, glutamate receptor signalling and axonal guidance signalling. CONCLUSIONS The findings presented here show support for a number of genes previously implicated genes in the etiology of BD, including CSMD1 and SYNE1, as well as evidence for previously unreported genes such as the brain-expressed genes ADCY2, NCALD, WDR60, SCN7A and SPAG16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sarah Cohen-Woods
- MRC SGDP Centre, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Qian Chen
- Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Abdul Noor
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), R-32, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Jo Knight
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), R-32, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Georgina Hosang
- MRC SGDP Centre, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sagar V Parikh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Federica Tozzi
- GSK Research & Development, Medical Genetics, Clinical Pharmacology and Discovery Medicine, Via Fleming 4, Verona, Italy
- GSK Research & Development, Medical Genetics, Clinical Pharmacology and Discovery Medicine, Greenford Road, Greenford, Middlesex UB6 OHE, UK
| | - Pierandrea Muglia
- GSK Research & Development, Medical Genetics, Clinical Pharmacology and Discovery Medicine, Via Fleming 4, Verona, Italy
- Exploratory Medicine & Early Development, NeuroSearch, Copenhagen, Denmark
- GSK Research & Development, Medical Genetics, Clinical Pharmacology and Discovery Medicine, Greenford Road, Greenford, Middlesex UB6 OHE, UK
| | - Julia Forte
- GSK Research & Development, Medical Genetics, Clinical Pharmacology and Discovery Medicine, Via Fleming 4, Verona, Italy
- GSK Research & Development, Medical Genetics, Clinical Pharmacology and Discovery Medicine, Greenford Road, Greenford, Middlesex UB6 OHE, UK
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Mental Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pingzhao Hu
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hugh MD Gurling
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Mental Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - James L Kennedy
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), R-32, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter McGuffin
- MRC SGDP Centre, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Anne Farmer
- MRC SGDP Centre, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - John Strauss
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
| | - John B Vincent
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), R-32, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- The Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Martinho E, Michelon L, Ayres AM, Scazufca M, Menezes PR, Schaufelberger MS, Murray RM, Rushe TM, Vallada H, Busatto Filho G. BDNF gene polymorphism, cognition and symptom severity in a Brazilian population-based sample of first-episode psychosis subjects. Braz J Psychiatry 2013; 34 Suppl 2:S219-25. [PMID: 23429848 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbp.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene variations on cognitive performance and clinical symptomatology in first-episode psychosis (FEP). METHODS We performed BDNF val66met variant genotyping, cognitive testing (verbal fluency and digit spans) and assessments of symptom severity (as assessed with the PANSS) in a population-based sample of FEP patients (77 with schizophreniform psychosis and 53 with affective psychoses) and 191 neighboring healthy controls. RESULTS There was no difference in the proportion of Met allele carriers between FEP patients and controls, and no significant influence of BDNF genotype on cognitive test scores in either of the psychosis groups. A decreased severity of negative symptoms was found in FEP subjects that carried a Met allele, and this finding reached significance for the subgroup with affective psychoses (p < 0.01, ANOVA). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that, in FEP, the BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism does not exert a pervasive influence on cognitive functioning but may modulate the severity of negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Martinho
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Nierenberg AA, Kansky C, Brennan BP, Shelton RC, Perlis R, Iosifescu DV. Mitochondrial modulators for bipolar disorder: a pathophysiologically informed paradigm for new drug development. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2013; 47:26-42. [PMID: 22711881 DOI: 10.1177/0004867412449303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bipolar patients frequently relapse within 12 months of their previous mood episode, even in the context of adequate treatment, suggesting that better continuation and maintenance treatments are needed. Based on recent research of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder, we review the evidence for mitochondrial dysregulation and selected mitochondrial modulators (MM) as potential treatments. METHODS We reviewed the literature about mitochondrial dysfunction and potential MMs worthy of study that could improve the course of bipolar disorder, reduce subsyndromal symptoms, and prevent subsequent mood episodes. RESULTS MM treatment targets mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, altered brain energy metabolism and the dysregulation of multiple mitochondrial genes in patients with bipolar disorder. Several tolerable and readily available candidates include N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR), S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ10), alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), creatine monohydrate (CM), and melatonin. The specific metabolic pathways by which these MMs may improve the symptoms of bipolar disorder are discussed and combinations of selected MMs could be of interest as well. CONCLUSIONS Convergent data implicate mitochondrial dysfunction as an important component of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Clinical trials of individual MMs as well as combinations are warranted.
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Min HJ, Cho HS, Kim SJ, Seok JH, Lee E, Jon DI. Association of the Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene and Clinical Features of Bipolar Disorder in Korea. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2012; 10:163-7. [PMID: 23430274 PMCID: PMC3569161 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2012.10.3.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in cell survival, differentiation, and cell death as well as in neural plasticity. Recent studies have suggested that BDNF is involved in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the genetic variations of the BDNF gene with bipolar disorder in Korea. We also studied the possible association of these genetic variants with clinical features. Methods The allelic and genotypic distributions of Val66Met polymorphism of the BDNF gene were analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction-based method in 184 bipolar patients and 214 controls. Analysis was performed to investigate an association of the Val66Met polymorphism of the BDNF gene and the clinical features in bipolar patients. Results No significant difference was found between bipolar patients and controls in the genotype and allele frequencies for the investigated BDNF polymorphism. However, the age of onset of bipolar disorder among the Val/Val (25.57), Val/Met (30.42) and Met/Met (32.45) genotype groups were significantly different (p=0.037). Conclusion This study suggests that Val66Met polymorphisms are unlikely to contribution to the genetic predisposition to bipolar disorder as a whole. But Val66Met polymorphism may be associated with age of onset of the disorder, further studies designed to investigate the relationship in a larger population may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ji Min
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
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Backlund L, Lavebratt C, Frisén L, Nikamo P, Hukic Sudic D, Träskman-Bendz L, Landén M, Edman G, Vawter MP, Ösby U, Schalling M. P2RX7: expression responds to sleep deprivation and associates with rapid cycling in bipolar disorder type 1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43057. [PMID: 22952630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Rapid cycling is a severe form of bipolar disorder with an increased rate of episodes that is particularly treatment-responsive to chronotherapy and stable sleep-wake cycles. We hypothesized that the P2RX7 gene would be affected by sleep deprivation and be implicated in rapid cycling. Objectives To assess whether P2RX7 expression is affected by total sleep deprivation and if variation in P2RX7 is associated with rapid cycling in bipolar patients. Design Gene expression analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy volunteers and case-case and case-control SNP/haplotype association analyses in patients. Participants Healthy volunteers at the sleep research center, University of California, Irvine Medical Center (UCIMC), USA (n = 8) and Swedish outpatients recruited from specialized psychiatric clinics for bipolar disorder, diagnosed with bipolar disorder type 1 (n = 569; rapid cycling: n = 121) and anonymous blood donor controls (n = 1,044). Results P2RX7 RNA levels were significantly increased during sleep deprivation in PBMCs from healthy volunteers (p = 2.3*10−9). The P2RX7 rs2230912 _A allele was more common (OR = 2.2, p = 0.002) and the ACGTTT haplotype in P2RX7 (rs1718119 to rs1621388) containing the protective rs2230912_G allele (OR = 0.45–0.49, p = 0.003–0.005) was less common, among rapid cycling cases compared to non-rapid cycling bipolar patients and blood donor controls. Conclusions Sleep deprivation increased P2RX7 expression in healthy persons and the putatively low-activity P2RX7 rs2230912 allele A variant was associated with rapid cycling in bipolar disorder. This supports earlier findings of P2RX7 associations to affective disorder and is in agreement with that particularly rapid cycling patients have a more vulnerable diurnal system.
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Hong CJ, Liou YJ, Tsai SJ. Reprint of: Effects of BDNF polymorphisms on brain function and behavior in health and disease. Brain Res Bull 2012; 88:406-17. [PMID: 22677226 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the most abundant neurotrophin in the brain, serves an important role during brain development and in synaptic plasticity. Given its pleiotropic effects in the central nervous system, BDNF has been implicated in cognitive function and personality development as well as the pathogenesis of various psychiatric disorders. Thus, BDNF is considered an attractive candidate gene for the study of healthy and diseased brain function and behaviors. Over the past decade, many studies have tested BDNF genetic association, particularly its functional Val66Met polymorphism, with psychiatric diseases, personality disorders, and cognitive function. Although many reports indicated a possible role for BDNF genetic effects in mental problems or brain function, other reports were unable to replicate the findings. The conflicting results in BDNF genetic studies may result from confounding factors such as age, gender, other environmental factors, sample size, ethnicity and phenotype assessment. Future studies with more homogenous populations, well-controlled confounding factors, and well-defined phenotypes are needed to clarify the BDNF genetic effects on mental diseases and human behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jee Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Blond BN, Fredericks CA, Blumberg HP. Functional neuroanatomy of bipolar disorder: structure, function, and connectivity in an amygdala-anterior paralimbic neural system. Bipolar Disord 2012; 14:340-55. [PMID: 22631619 PMCID: PMC3880745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2012.01015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In past decades, neuroimaging research in bipolar disorder has demonstrated a convergence of findings in an amygdala-anterior paralimbic cortex neural system. This paper reviews behavioral neurology literature that first suggested a central role for this neural system in the disorder and the neuroimaging evidence that supports it. METHODS Relevant articles are reviewed to provide an amygdala-anterior paralimbic cortex neural system model of bipolar disorder, including articles from the fields of behavioral neurology and neuroanatomy, and neuroimaging. RESULTS The literature is highly supportive of key roles for the amygdala, anterior paralimbic cortices, and connections among these structures in the emotional dysregulation of bipolar disorder. The functions subserved by their more widely distributed connection sites suggest that broader system dysfunction could account for the range of functions-from neurovegetative to cognitive-disrupted in the disorder. Abnormalities in some components of this neural system are apparent by adolescence, while others, such as those in rostral prefrontal regions, appear to progress over adolescence and young adulthood, suggesting a neurodevelopmental model of the disorder. However, some findings conflict, which may reflect the small sample sizes of some studies, and clinical heterogeneity and methodological differences across studies. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with models derived from early behavioral neurology studies, neuroimaging studies support a central role for an amygdala-anterior paralimbic neural system in bipolar disorder, and implicate abnormalities in the development of this system in the disorder. This system will be an important focus of future studies on the developmental pathophysiology, detection, treatment, and prevention of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Blond
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carolyn A Fredericks
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hilary P Blumberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA,The Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA,Research Enhancement Award Program Depression Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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Vieta E, Popovic D, Rosa AR, Solé B, Grande I, Frey BN, Martinez-Aran A, Sanchez-Moreno J, Balanzá-Martínez V, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Kapczinski F. The clinical implications of cognitive impairment and allostatic load in bipolar disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2013; 28:21-9. [PMID: 22534552 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allostatic load (AL) relates to the neural and bodily "wear and tear" that emerge in the context of chronic stress. This paper aims to provide clinicians with a comprehensive overview of the role of AL in patophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) and its practical implications. METHODS PubMed searches were conducted on English-language articles published from 1970 to June 2011 using the search terms allostatic load, oxidative stress, staging, and bipolar disorder cross-referenced with cognitive impairment, comorbidity, mediators, prevention. RESULTS Progressive neural and physical dysfunction consequent to mood episodes in BD can be construed as a cumulative state of AL. The concept of AL can help to reconcile cognitive impairment and increased rates of clinical comorbidities that occur over the course of cumulative BD episodes. CONCLUSIONS Data on transduction of psychosocial stress into the neurobiology of mood episodes converges to the concept of AL. Mood episodes prevention would not only alleviate emotional suffering, but also arrest the cycle of AL, cognitive decline, physical morbidities and, eventually, related mortality. These objectives can be achieved by focusing on effective prophylaxis from the first stages of the disorder, providing mood-stabilizing agents and standardized psychoeducation and, potentially, addressing cognitive deficits by the means of specific medication and neuropsychological interventions.
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Rybakowski JK, Czerski P, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Kliwicki S, Leszczynska-Rodziewicz A, Permoda-Osip A, Skibinska M, Suwalska A, Szczepankiewicz A, Hauser J. Clinical and pathogenic aspects of candidate genes for lithium prophylactic efficacy. J Psychopharmacol 2012; 26:368-73. [PMID: 21890592 DOI: 10.1177/0269881111415736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A number of candidate genes for lithium prophylactic efficacy have been proposed, some of them being also associated with a predisposition to bipolar illness. The aim of the present study was to investigate a possible association between polymorphisms of 14 common genes with the quality of prophylactic lithium response in patients with bipolar mood disorder, in relation to the putative role of these genes in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Some association with lithium prophylactic efficacy was found for the polymorphisms of 5HTT, DRD1, COMT, BDNF and FYN genes, but not for 5HT2A, 5HT2C, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, GSK-3, NTRK2, GRIN2B and MMP-9. Possible aspects of these genes with regard to the mechanism of lithium activity and pathogenesis of bipolar mood disorder are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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Chepenik LG, Wang F, Spencer L, Spann M, Kalmar JH, Womer F, Kale Edmiston E, Pittman B, Blumberg HP. Structure-function associations in hippocampus in bipolar disorder. Biol Psychol 2012; 90:18-22. [PMID: 22342942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampus volume decreases and verbal memory deficits have been reported in bipolar disorder (BD) as independent observations. We investigated potential associations between these deficits in subjects with BD. Hippocampus volumes were measured on magnetic resonance images of 31 subjects with BD and 32 healthy comparison (HC) subjects. The California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT) assessed verbal memory function in these subjects. Compared to the HC group, the BD group showed both significantly smaller hippocampus volumes and impaired performance on CVLT tests of immediate, short delay and long delay cued and free recall. Further, smaller hippocampus volume correlated with impaired performance in BD. Post hoc analyses revealed a trend towards improved memory in BD subjects taking antidepressant medications. These results support associations between morphological changes in hippocampus structure in BD and verbal memory impairment. They provide preliminary evidence pharmacotherapy may reverse hippocampus-related memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara G Chepenik
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occur among psychiatric patients, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) function is associated with core characteristics of both BD and PTSD. We propose a neurobiological model that underscores the role of reduced BDNF function resulting from several contributing sources, including the met variant of the BDNF val66met (rs6265) single-nucleotide polymorphism, trauma-induced epigenetic regulation and current stress, as a contributor to the onset of both illnesses within the same person. Further studies are needed to evaluate the genetic association between the val66met allele and the BD-PTSD population, along with central/peripheral BDNF levels and epigenetic patterns of BDNF gene regulation within these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- JJ Rakofsky
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program/Bipolar Disorders Clinic, Emory University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - KJ Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Yerkes Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - BW Dunlop
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program/Bipolar Disorders Clinic, Emory University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Pinto C, Souza RP, Lioult D, Semeralul M, Kennedy JL, Warsh JJ, Wong AH, Luca VD. Parent of origin effect and allelic expression imbalance of the serotonin transporter in bipolar disorder and suicidal behaviour. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2011; 261:533-8. [PMID: 21290142 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-011-0192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Suicide and suicidal behaviour are a major health concern worldwide particularly in patients with mood disorders. Family, adoption and twin studies show that genetics influences suicidal behaviour. The serotonin transporter (5HTT) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and may also be involved in suicidal behaviour since 5HTT binding is decreased in the brain of suicide completers. Because the effect of genomic imprinting in the 5HTT gene on suicidal behaviour has not been investigated, we analysed the parent-of-origin effect (POE) of four 5HTT markers and the differential expression of the 5HTT G2651T (rs1042173) alleles in suicide attempters affected by bipolar disorder. We performed a family based association study and ETDT/QTDT analyses of the rs25531, HTTLPR, VNTR-2 and G2651T polymorphisms in 312 nuclear families with at least one subject affected by bipolar disorder. The main outcomes investigated in this study are bipolar disorder diagnosis, suicide attempts, suicidal behaviour severity and age at onset of bipolar disorder. We also compared the allele-specific mRNA levels in lymphoblastoid cells from 13 bipolar suicide attempters and 8 bipolar non-suicide attempters. Allele 2651T was transmitted significantly more often to bipolar patients (P = 0.042). There was no significant difference between maternal and paternal transmission ratios. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the ratio of T/G-specific mRNA expression between bipolar attempters and non-attempters. These data do not support a role for differential allelic expression of 5HTT for suicidal behaviour in bipolar disorder. Small sample size and the fact that RNA was obtained from lymphoblastoid cell lines were some of the limitations of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Pinto
- Neurobiology of Schizophrenia Section, Neuroscience Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has important roles in neural cell growth and differentiation. Despite multiple lines of evidence suggesting BDNF as a possible contributor to the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD), the results of genetic association studies have been mixed. We hypothesize that BDNF gene polymorphisms may confer increased susceptibility to BD. METHODS Using a cohort of multiplex bipolar families, we performed family-based association testing to look for associations between BD and eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from BDNF. RESULTS We found associations (p < 0.05) between BD and six of the eight SNPs analysed, including two SNPs not previously investigated in association studies. We were able to replicate associations previously found between BD and the Val66Met polymorphism of BDNF (rs6265) and the SNPs rs1519480 and rs12273363. We also found evidence of an association between rs11030107 and BD that was not found in a previous study. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that some BDNF gene polymorphisms may be contributing factors in the pathogenesis of BD. Our study also adds to the body of evidence associating the functional Val66Met polymorphism of BDNF with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Sears
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Hong CJ, Liou YJ, Tsai SJ. Effects of BDNF polymorphisms on brain function and behavior in health and disease. Brain Res Bull 2011; 86:287-97. [PMID: 21924328 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the most abundant neurotrophin in the brain, serves an important role during brain development and in synaptic plasticity. Given its pleiotropic effects in the central nervous system, BDNF has been implicated in cognitive function and personality development as well as the pathogenesis of various psychiatric disorders. Thus, BDNF is considered an attractive candidate gene for the study of healthy and diseased brain function and behaviors. Over the past decade, many studies have tested BDNF genetic association, particularly its functional Val66Met polymorphism, with psychiatric diseases, personality disorders, and cognitive function. Although many reports indicated a possible role for BDNF genetic effects in mental problems or brain function, other reports were unable to replicate the findings. The conflicting results in BDNF genetic studies may result from confounding factors such as age, gender, other environmental factors, sample size, ethnicity and phenotype assessment. Future studies with more homogenous populations, well-controlled confounding factors, and well-defined phenotypes are needed to clarify the BDNF genetic effects on mental diseases and human behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jee Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yosifova A, Mushiroda T, Kubo M, Takahashi A, Kamatani Y, Kamatani N, Stoianov D, Vazharova R, Karachanak S, Zaharieva I, Dimova I, Hadjidekova S, Milanova V, Madjirova N, Gerdjikov I, Tolev T, Poryazova N, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Kirov G, Toncheva D, Nakamura Y. Genome-wide association study on bipolar disorder in the Bulgarian population. Genes Brain Behav 2011; 10:789-97. [PMID: 21771265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2011.00721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a severe psychiatric disorder influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Genetic studies have implicated many variants in the disease's etiology but only few have been successfully replicated. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on bipolar disorder in the Bulgarian population followed by a replication study of the top 100 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showing the smallest P values. The GWAS was performed on 188 bipolar disorder patients and 376 control subjects genotyped on the Illumina 550 platform. The replication study was conducted on 122 patients and 328 controls. Although our study did not show any association P value that achieved genome-wide significance, and none of the top 100 SNPs reached the Bonferroni-corrected P value in the replication study, the plausible involvement of some variants cannot be entirely discarded. Three polymorphisms, rs8099939 [P = 2.12 × 10(-6), odds ratio (OR) = 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.43-2.67] in GRIK5, rs6122972 (P = 3.11 × 10(-6), OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.46-2.80) in PARD6B and rs2289700 (P = 9.14 × 10(-6), OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.53-2.95) in CTSH remained associated at a similar level after Mantel-Haenszel test for combining the results from the genome-wide and replication studies. A modest association was also detected for SNP rs1012053 (GWAS P = 4.50 × 10(-2)) in DGKH, which has already been reported as the most significant variant in a previous genome-wide scan on bipolar disorder. However, further studies using larger datasets are needed to identify variants with smaller effects that contribute to the risk of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yosifova
- Laboratory for International Alliance, RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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Lett TAP, Zai CC, Tiwari AK, Shaikh SA, Likhodi O, Kennedy JL, Müller DJ. ANK3, CACNA1C and ZNF804A gene variants in bipolar disorders and psychosis subphenotype. World J Biol Psychiatry 2011; 12:392-7. [PMID: 21767209 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2011.564655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES. The ANK3, CACNA1C and ZNF804A genes have been implicated in both bipolar disorders (BPD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). It has been suggested that BPD with psychosis may be a clinical manifestation of genes overlapping between BPD and SCZ. We therefore tested the association of these genes with BPD in a large family-based sample, and then dissected the phenotype into psychosis present or absent subgroups. METHODS. We genotyped four high interest single nucleotide polymorphisms from ANK3 (rs10994336, rs9804190), CACNA1C (rs1006737), and ZNF804A (rs1344706). Family based association testing (FBAT) was performed on 312 families, and within psychotic (N = 158) and non-psychotic BPD (N = 119) subgroups. RESULTS. In the whole sample, we found a nominal association in ZNF804A (rs1344706, P = 0.046), and a trend in CACNA1C (rs1006737, P = 0.077). In the psychotic BPD subgroup, as hypothesized, stronger signals were observed in ZNF804A (P = 0.019) and CACNA1C (P = 0.017). We found no association in the ANK3 markers, but the rs10994336 variant was nominally associated with non-psychotic BPD (P = 0.046). Exploratory analysis revealed the rs1344706 variant was also implicated in suicide-attempt behaviour (P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS. These tentative results are consistent with the hypothesis that the subphenotype of BPD with psychosis may represent a clinical manifestation of shared genetic liability between BPD and SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristram A P Lett
- Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
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Neves FS, Malloy-Diniz L, Romano-Silva MA, Campos SB, Miranda DM, De Marco L, Figueira PG, Krebs MO, Correa H. The role of BDNF genetic polymorphisms in bipolar disorder with psychiatric comorbidities. J Affect Disord 2011; 131:307-11. [PMID: 21167606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex disorder where genetic factors play a major role in its etiology. Probably, no other axis I diagnosis has a co-morbidity prevalence as high as BD. Since BDNF is involved in different ways in various psychiatric disorders we hypothesized that its genetic polymorphisms could be associated with the co-morbidity phenomenon in BD. METHODS We studied 320 subjects (160 BD patients and 160 healthy controls). Genotyping was performed using made-to-order TaqMan genotyping assays (rs4923463, rs6265, rs2049045, and rs7103411). Statistical analyses were performed using UNPHASED version 3.0.12 and Haploview 4.1. RESULTS No genotypic, allelic or haplotype differences were found between bipolar patients and healthy controls. Concerning exclusively the rs4923463 (G/G) there was a significant association with alcoholism (p=0.009), smoking (p=0.006) and violent suicide attempt (p=0.03). We further found that the G-G haplotype (rs4923463-rs2049045) (adjusted p=0.029) and the G-T haplotype (rs4923463-rs7103411) (adjusted p=0.029) were significantly more frequent in the group with alcoholism co-morbidity when compared with the group without this co-morbidity. LIMITATIONS Sample size and retrospective assessment of suicide behavior and psychiatric comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in our study indicate that BDNF variants may confer susceptibility to additional psychiatric diagnosis in BD.
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Pidsley R, Mill J. Epigenetic studies of psychosis: current findings, methodological approaches, and implications for postmortem research. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 69:146-56. [PMID: 20510393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been widely speculated that epigenetic changes may play a role in the etiology of psychotic illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Epigenetics is the study of mitotically heritable, but reversible, changes in gene expression that occur without a change in the genomic DNA sequence, brought about principally through alterations in DNA methylation and chromatin structure. Although numerous studies have examined psychosis-associated gene expression changes in postmortem brain samples, epigenetic studies of psychosis are in their infancy. In this article, we discuss methodologic and logistic issues related to epigenomic studies using postmortem brain tissue, before discussing the future implications of such research for our understanding of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Pidsley
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom
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45
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Whalley HC, Baig BJ, Hall J, Job DE, McIntosh AM, Cunningham-Owens DG, Johnstone EC, Lawrie SM. Effects of the BDNF val66met polymorphism on prefrontal brain function in a population at high genetic risk of schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:1474-82. [PMID: 20957650 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism (val66met) in the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene has been shown to be a risk factor for a number of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. This polymorphism has also been shown to have effects on prefrontal brain morphology and function. This study aims to clarify the effects of the val66met polymorphism on prefrontal brain function in a population at high genetic risk for schizophrenia. The Edinburgh High Risk Study has followed young individuals who had one first- or second-degree relative with schizophrenia and a minimum of one further genetic relative with the illness. A sample of 62 individuals provided both genetic and functional imaging data using the Hayling sentence completion task. Individuals with the BDNF ValVal (presumed risk) genotype (n = 41) showed relatively increased activation of the anterior cingulate cortex in relation to Met carrier individuals (n = 21) during sentence completion conditions versus baseline, against a background of similar levels of task performance. It appeared from further investigation that this relatively increased activation was attributable to a failure to disengage or suppress activation in the high risk ValVal group during the task condition, suggesting that BDNF may contribute to the abnormal default network reported in schizophrenia. These results suggest that this gene affects prefrontal brain function in those at high genetic risk for the disorder, unconfounded by medication effects. BDNF may therefore be one of the heritable factors involved in the development of abnormal prefrontal function in schizophrenia. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Abstract
The cognitive impairment and neuroanatomical changes that takes place among patients with bipolar disorder (BD) patients has been well described. Recent data suggest that changes in neuroplasticity, cell resilience and connectivity are the main neuropathological findings in BD. Data from differential lines of research converges to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as an important contributor to the neuroplasticity changes described among BD patients. BDNF serum levels have been shown to be decreased in depressive and manic episodes, returning to normal levels in euthymia. BDNF has also been shown to decrease as the disorder progresses. Moreover, factors that negatively influence the course of BD, such as life stress and trauma have been shown to be associated with a decrease in BDNF serum levels. These findings suggest that BDNF plays a central role in the progression of BD. The present review discusses the role of BDNF as a mediator of the neuroplastic changes that occur in portion with mood episodes and the potential use of serum BDNF as a biomarker in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iria Grande
- Bipolar Disorder Program and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rodrigo Fries
- Bipolar Disorder Program and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Kunz
- Bipolar Disorder Program and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Flavio Kapczinski
- Bipolar Disorder Program and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute for Translational Medicine, INCT-TM, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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de Aguiar Ferreira A, Neves FS, Pimenta GJGS, Mello MP, Miranda DM, Romano-Silva MA, De Marco LA, Corrêa H. The role of genetic variation of BDNF gene in antidepressant-induced mania in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2010; 180:54-6. [PMID: 20483468 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of mania during antidepressant treatment is a key issue in the clinical management of bipolar disorder (BD). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mood disorders. Moreover, antidepressants increase the expression of BDNF and its overactivity may be involved in the mechanism of development of the manic state. The aim of the present study was to test the influence of BDNF gene alterations in antidepressant-induced mania in bipolar patients. A case-control study was performed to analyse genotype and allele frequencies for the BDNF polymorphisms between two groups [37 patients with antidepressant-induced mania (AIM+) and 55 patients without antidepressant-induced mania (AIM-)]. No significant differences were found between AIM+ and AIM- groups. Our results did not support the BDNF gene link to antidepressant-induced mania, like a previous study with a smaller sample has already suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre de Aguiar Ferreira
- Neuroscience Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (ICB-UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Salvadore G, Quiroz JA, Machado-Vieira R, Henter ID, Manji HK, Zarate CA. The neurobiology of the switch process in bipolar disorder: a review. J Clin Psychiatry 2010; 71:1488-501. [PMID: 20492846 PMCID: PMC3000635 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.09r05259gre] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The singular phenomenon of switching from depression to its opposite state of mania or hypomania, and vice versa, distinguishes bipolar disorder from all other psychiatric disorders. Despite the fact that it is a core aspect of the clinical presentation of bipolar disorder, the neurobiology of the switch process is still poorly understood. In this review, we summarize the clinical evidence regarding somatic interventions associated with switching, with a particular focus on the biologic underpinnings presumably involved in the switch process. DATA SOURCES Literature for this review was obtained through a search of the MEDLINE database (1966-2008) using the following keywords and phrases: switch, bipolar disorder, bipolar depression, antidepressant, SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, norepinephrine, serotonin, treatment emergent affective switch, mania, hypomania, HPA-axis, glucocorticoids, amphetamine, dopamine, and sleep deprivation. STUDY SELECTION All English-language, peer-reviewed, published literature, including randomized controlled studies, naturalistic and open-label studies, and case reports, were eligible for inclusion. DATA SYNTHESIS Converging evidence suggests that certain pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions with very different mechanisms of action, such as sleep deprivation, exogenous corticosteroids, and dopaminergic agonists, can trigger mood episode switches in patients with bipolar disorder. The switch-inducing potential of antidepressants is unclear, although tricyclic antidepressants, which confer higher risk of switching than other classes of antidepressants, are a possible exception. Several neurobiological factors appear to be associated with both spontaneous and treatment-emergent mood episode switches; these include abnormalities in catecholamine levels, up-regulation of neurotrophic and neuroplastic factors, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity, and circadian rhythms. CONCLUSIONS There is a clear need to improve our understanding of the neurobiology of the switch process; research in this field would benefit from the systematic and integrated assessment of variables associated with switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Salvadore
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jorge A. Quiroz
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., Titusville, NJ
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- Experimental Therapeutics, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ioline D. Henter
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Husseini K. Manji
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., Titusville, NJ
| | - Carlos A. Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Ben-Zeev B, Aharoni R, Nissenkorn A, Arnon R. Glatiramer acetate (GA, Copolymer-1) an hypothetical treatment option for Rett syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2011; 76:190-3. [PMID: 20951500 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked dominant postnatal severe and disabling neurodevelopmental disorder which is the second most common cause for genetic mental retardation in girls and the first pervasive disorder with a known genetic basis. The syndrome is primarily caused by mutations in the Methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene on Xq28. Its protein product MeCP2 acts as a transcriptional repressor or activator depending on the target gene associated. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophic factor playing a major role in neuronal survival, neurogenesis and plasticity. It has been identified as a major MeCP2 target through a candidate gene approach and abnormalities in BDNF homeostasis are believed to contribute to the neurologic phenotype and pato-physiology of part of the symptoms in Mecp2 null mice that show progressive deficits in its expression. Based on the presumed role of BDNF in the pathophysiology of Rett syndrome it is reasonable to assume that interventions that will elevate its levels in the brain of RTT patients will be of therapeutic benefit. Glatiramer acetate (GA, Copolymer 1, Copaxone) an immunomodulator with proven safety and efficacy in Multiple Sclerosis has been reported to cause elevated secretion of BDNF both in animal model and in MS patients. Our hypothesis is that continuous treatment of patients with RTT with Glatiramer acetate might lead to an increase in their brain's BDNF content and an improvement in at least part of the syndrome symptomatology while being safe to use and well tolerated in this population. In a pilot preliminary study we have shown that GA cause elevation of BDNF expression up to the level in naïve control mice in several cortical areas in the Mecp2 mutated mouse brain, but as of yet did not examine the behavioral aspects of this elevation.
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Baig BJ, Whalley HC, Hall J, McIntosh AM, Job DE, Cunningham-Owens DG, Johnstone EC, Lawrie SM. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of BDNF val66met polymorphism in unmedicated subjects at high genetic risk of schizophrenia performing a verbal memory task. Psychiatry Res 2010; 183:195-201. [PMID: 20708907 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multiple strands of evidence suggest a role for Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. It is not yet clear, however, how BDNF may contribute to altered brain function seen in the disorder, or in those at high genetic risk. The current study examines functional imaging correlates of the BDNF val66met polymorphism in a population at high genetic risk of schizophrenia. Subjects at high genetic risk for the disorder (n=58) provided both BDNF genotyping and fMRI data while performing a verbal memory task. During encoding, participants were presented with a word and asked to make a 'living'/'non-living' classification. During retrieval, individuals were requested to make an 'old'/'new' word classification. For encoding, we report decreased activation of the inferior occipital cortex and a trend in the cingulate cortex in Val homozygote individuals relative to Met carriers. For retrieval, we report decreases in activation in the prefrontal, cingulate cortex and bilateral posterior parietal regions in Val homozygote individuals versus Met carriers. These findings add to previous evidence suggesting that genetic variation in the BDNF gene modulates prefrontal and limbic functioning and suggests that it may contribute to differences in brain function seen in those at high risk of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Baig
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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