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Bertocchi I, Cifarelli L, Oberto A, Eva CE, Sprengel R, Mirza NR, Muglia P. Radiprodil, a selective GluN2B negative allosteric modulator, rescues audiogenic seizures in mice carrying the GluN2A(N615S) mutation. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38529699 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE GRIN-related disorders are neurodevelopmental disorders caused by mutations in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit genes. A large fraction of these mutations lead to a 'gain of function' (GoF) of the NMDAR. Patients present with a range of symptoms including epilepsy, intellectual disability, behavioural and motor. Controlling seizures is a significant unmet medical need in most patients with GRIN-related disorders. Although several hundred GRIN mutations have been identified in humans, until recently none of the mouse models carrying Grin mutations/deletions showed an epileptic phenotype. The two recent exceptions both carry mutations of GluN2A. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of radiprodil, a selective negative allosteric modulator of GluN2B-containing NMDARs, in counteracting audiogenic seizures (AGS) in a murine model carrying the GluN2A(N615S) homozygous mutation (Grin2aS/S mice). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Grin2aS/S mice were acutely treated with radiprodil at different doses before the presentation of a high-frequency acoustic stimulus commonly used for AGS induction. KEY RESULTS Radiprodil significantly and dose-dependently reduced the onset and severity of AGS in Grin2aS/S mice. Surprisingly, the results revealed a sex-dependent difference in AGS susceptibility and in the dose-dependent protection of radiprodil in the two genders. Specifically, radiprodil was more effective in female versus male mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Overall, our data clearly show that radiprodil, a GluN2B selective negative allosteric modulator, may have the potential to control seizures in patients with GRIN2A GoF mutations. Further studies are warranted to better understand the sex-dependent effects observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bertocchi
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Turin, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cifarelli
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Turin, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Alessandra Oberto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Turin, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Carola Eugenia Eva
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Turin, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Rolf Sprengel
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Naheed Rohman Mirza
- GRIN Therapeutics Inc, Brussels, Belgium
- Sygnature Discovery, BioCity, Nottingham, UK
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Firaha D, Liu YM, van de Streek J, Sasikumar K, Dietrich H, Helfferich J, Aerts L, Braun DE, Broo A, DiPasquale AG, Lee AY, Le Meur S, Nilsson Lill SO, Lunsmann WJ, Mattei A, Muglia P, Putra OD, Raoui M, Reutzel-Edens SM, Rome S, Sheikh AY, Tkatchenko A, Woollam GR, Neumann MA. Predicting crystal form stability under real-world conditions. Nature 2023; 623:324-328. [PMID: 37938708 PMCID: PMC10632141 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of molecular crystals, such as solubility, stability, compactability, melting behaviour and bioavailability, depend on their crystal form1. In silico crystal form selection has recently come much closer to realization because of the development of accurate and affordable free-energy calculations2-4. Here we redefine the state of the art, primarily by improving the accuracy of free-energy calculations, constructing a reliable experimental benchmark for solid-solid free-energy differences, quantifying statistical errors for the computed free energies and placing both hydrate crystal structures of different stoichiometries and anhydrate crystal structures on the same energy landscape, with defined error bars, as a function of temperature and relative humidity. The calculated free energies have standard errors of 1-2 kJ mol-1 for industrially relevant compounds, and the method to place crystal structures with different hydrate stoichiometries on the same energy landscape can be extended to other multi-component systems, including solvates. These contributions reduce the gap between the needs of the experimentalist and the capabilities of modern computational tools, transforming crystal structure prediction into a more reliable and actionable procedure that can be used in combination with experimental evidence to direct crystal form selection and establish control5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Julian Helfferich
- Avant-garde Materials Simulation, Merzhausen, Germany
- JobRad, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luc Aerts
- UCB Pharma SA, Chemin du Foriest, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Doris E Braun
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anders Broo
- Data Science and Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Alfred Y Lee
- Merck, Analytical Research & Development, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah Le Meur
- UCB Pharma SA, Chemin du Foriest, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Sten O Nilsson Lill
- Data Science and Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Alessandra Mattei
- Solid State Chemistry, Research & Development, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Okky Dwichandra Putra
- Early Product Development and Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Sciences R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Susan M Reutzel-Edens
- Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, Cambridge, UK
- SuRE Pharma Consulting, Zionsville, IN, USA
| | - Sandrine Rome
- UCB Pharma SA, Chemin du Foriest, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Ahmad Y Sheikh
- Solid State Chemistry, Research & Development, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexandre Tkatchenko
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
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Mahmud M, Wade C, Jawad S, Hadi Z, Otoul C, Kaminski RM, Muglia P, Kadiu I, Rabiner E, Maguire P, Owen DR, Johnson MR. Translocator protein PET imaging in temporal lobe epilepsy: A reliable test-retest study using asymmetry index. Front Neuroimaging 2023; 2:1142463. [PMID: 37554649 PMCID: PMC10406252 DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2023.1142463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective Translocator protein (TSPO) targeting positron emission tomography (PET) imaging radioligands have potential utility in epilepsy to assess the efficacy of novel therapeutics for targeting neuroinflammation. However, previous studies in healthy volunteers have indicated limited test-retest reliability of TSPO ligands. Here, we examine test-retest measures using TSPO PET imaging in subjects with epilepsy and healthy controls, to explore whether this biomarker can be used as an endpoint in clinical trials for epilepsy. Methods Five subjects with epilepsy and confirmed mesial temporal lobe sclerosis (mean age 36 years, 3 men) were scanned twice-on average 8 weeks apart-using a second generation TSPO targeting radioligand, [11C]PBR28. We evaluated the test-retest reliability of the volume of distribution and derived hemispheric asymmetry index of [11C]PBR28 binding in these subjects and compared the results with 8 (mean age 45, 6 men) previously studied healthy volunteers. Results The mean (± SD) of the volume of distribution (VT), of all subjects, in patients living with epilepsy for both test and retest scans on all regions of interest (ROI) is 4.49 ± 1.54 vs. 5.89 ± 1.23 in healthy volunteers. The bias between test and retest in an asymmetry index as a percentage was small (-1.5%), and reliability is demonstrated here with Bland-Altman Plots (test mean 1.062, retest mean 2.56). In subjects with epilepsy, VT of [11C]PBR28 is higher in the (ipsilateral) hippocampal region where sclerosis is present than in the contralateral region. Conclusion When using TSPO PET in patients with epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (HS), an inter-hemispheric asymmetry index in the hippocampus is a measure with good test-retest reliability. We provide estimates of test-retest variability that may be useful for estimating power where group change in VT represents the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahmud
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Wade
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Jawad
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zaeem Hadi
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Otoul
- Clinical Imaging Translational, UCB Pharma SA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rafal M. Kaminski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Irena Kadiu
- Clinical Imaging Translational, UCB Pharma SA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eugenii Rabiner
- Translational Applications, Invicro LLC, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Maguire
- Clinical Imaging Translational, UCB Pharma SA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David R. Owen
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R. Johnson
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Muglia P, Hannestad J, Brandt C, DeBruyn S, Germani M, Lacroix B, Majoie M, Otoul C, Sciberras D, Steinhoff BJ, Van Laere K, Van Paesschen W, Webster E, Kaminski RM, Werhahn KJ, Toledo M. Padsevonil randomized Phase IIa trial in treatment-resistant focal epilepsy: a translational approach. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa183. [PMID: 33241213 PMCID: PMC7677606 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic options for patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy represent an important unmet need. Addressing this unmet need was the main factor driving the drug discovery program that led to the synthesis of padsevonil, a first-in-class antiepileptic drug candidate that interacts with two therapeutic targets: synaptic vesicle protein 2 and GABAA receptors. Two PET imaging studies were conducted in healthy volunteers to identify optimal padsevonil target occupancy corresponding to levels associated with effective antiseizure activity in rodent models. Optimal padsevonil occupancy associated with non-clinical efficacy was translatable to humans for both molecular targets: high (>90%), sustained synaptic vesicle protein 2A occupancy and 10-15% transient GABAA receptor occupancy. Rational dose selection enabled clinical evaluation of padsevonil in a Phase IIa proof-of-concept trial (NCT02495844), with a single-dose arm (400 mg bid). Adults with highly treatment-resistant epilepsy, who were experiencing ≥4 focal seizures/week, and had failed to respond to ≥4 antiepileptic drugs, were randomized to receive placebo or padsevonil as add-on to their stable regimen. After a 3-week inpatient double-blind period, all patients received padsevonil during an 8-week outpatient open-label period. The primary endpoint was ≥75% reduction in seizure frequency. Of 55 patients randomized, 50 completed the trial (placebo n = 26; padsevonil n = 24). Their median age was 36 years (range 18-60), and they had been living with epilepsy for an average of 25 years. They were experiencing a median of 10 seizures/week and 75% had failed ≥8 antiepileptic drugs. At the end of the inpatient period, 30.8% of patients on padsevonil and 11.1% on placebo were ≥75% responders (odds ratio 4.14; P = 0.067). Reduction in median weekly seizure frequency was 53.7% and 12.5% with padsevonil and placebo, respectively (unadjusted P = 0.026). At the end of the outpatient period, 31.4% were ≥75% responders and reduction in median seizure frequency was 55.2% (all patients). During the inpatient period, 63.0% of patients on placebo and 85.7% on padsevonil reported treatment-emergent adverse events. Overall, 50 (90.9%) patients who received padsevonil reported treatment-emergent adverse events, most frequently somnolence (45.5%), dizziness (43.6%) and headache (25.5%); only one patient discontinued due to a treatment-emergent adverse event. Padsevonil was associated with a favourable safety profile and displayed clinically meaningful efficacy in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy. The novel translational approach and the innovative proof-of-concept trial design maximized signal detection in a small patient population in a short duration, expediting antiepileptic drug development for the population with the greatest unmet need in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Brandt
- Department of General Epileptology, Bethel Epilepsy Centre, Mara Hospital, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Marian Majoie
- Department of Neurology, Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Koen Van Laere
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Manuel Toledo
- Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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Wang T, Hoekzema K, Vecchio D, Wu H, Sulovari A, Coe BP, Gillentine MA, Wilfert AB, Perez-Jurado LA, Kvarnung M, Sleyp Y, Earl RK, Rosenfeld JA, Geisheker MR, Han L, Du B, Barnett C, Thompson E, Shaw M, Carroll R, Friend K, Catford R, Palmer EE, Zou X, Ou J, Li H, Guo H, Gerdts J, Avola E, Calabrese G, Elia M, Greco D, Lindstrand A, Nordgren A, Anderlid BM, Vandeweyer G, Van Dijck A, Van der Aa N, McKenna B, Hancarova M, Bendova S, Havlovicova M, Malerba G, Bernardina BD, Muglia P, van Haeringen A, Hoffer MJV, Franke B, Cappuccio G, Delatycki M, Lockhart PJ, Manning MA, Liu P, Scheffer IE, Brunetti-Pierri N, Rommelse N, Amaral DG, Santen GWE, Trabetti E, Sedláček Z, Michaelson JJ, Pierce K, Courchesne E, Kooy RF, Nordenskjöld M, Romano C, Peeters H, Bernier RA, Gecz J, Xia K, Eichler EE. Large-scale targeted sequencing identifies risk genes for neurodevelopmental disorders. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4932. [PMID: 33004838 PMCID: PMC7530681 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18723-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) were identified with an excess of de novo mutations (DNMs) but the significance in case-control mutation burden analysis is unestablished. Here, we sequence 63 genes in 16,294 NDD cases and an additional 62 genes in 6,211 NDD cases. By combining these with published data, we assess a total of 125 genes in over 16,000 NDD cases and compare the mutation burden to nonpsychiatric controls from ExAC. We identify 48 genes (25 newly reported) showing significant burden of ultra-rare (MAF < 0.01%) gene-disruptive mutations (FDR 5%), six of which reach family-wise error rate (FWER) significance (p < 1.25E-06). Among these 125 targeted genes, we also reevaluate DNM excess in 17,426 NDD trios with 6,499 new autism trios. We identify 90 genes enriched for DNMs (FDR 5%; e.g., GABRG2 and UIMC1); of which, 61 reach FWER significance (p < 3.64E-07; e.g., CASZ1). In addition to doubling the number of patients for many NDD risk genes, we present phenotype-genotype correlations for seven risk genes (CTCF, HNRNPU, KCNQ3, ZBTB18, TCF12, SPEN, and LEO1) based on this large-scale targeted sequencing effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Wang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kendra Hoekzema
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Davide Vecchio
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Huidan Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Arvis Sulovari
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bradley P Coe
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Amy B Wilfert
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Luis A Perez-Jurado
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Malin Kvarnung
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yoeri Sleyp
- Centre for Human Genetics, KU Leuven and Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rachel K Earl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Lin Han
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bing Du
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chris Barnett
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School and the Robinson Research Institute, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Thompson
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Marie Shaw
- Adelaide Medical School and the Robinson Research Institute, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Renee Carroll
- Adelaide Medical School and the Robinson Research Institute, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kathryn Friend
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rachael Catford
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Palmer
- Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Hunter New England Health Service, Waratah, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaobing Zou
- Children Development Behavior Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianjun Ou
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Honghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Disorders in Children, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jennifer Gerdts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Lindstrand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Nordgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Anderlid
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Geert Vandeweyer
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anke Van Dijck
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Brooke McKenna
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Miroslava Hancarova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Bendova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Havlovicova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Giovanni Malerba
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Arie van Haeringen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mariette J V Hoffer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gerarda Cappuccio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paul J Lockhart
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie A Manning
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Nanda Rommelse
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - David G Amaral
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Gijs W E Santen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Elisabetta Trabetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Zdeněk Sedláček
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jacob J Michaelson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Karen Pierce
- Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego Autism Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eric Courchesne
- Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego Autism Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R Frank Kooy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Magnus Nordenskjöld
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Hilde Peeters
- Centre for Human Genetics, KU Leuven and Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raphael A Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jozef Gecz
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School and the Robinson Research Institute, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kun Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligences Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Johnson TN, Abduljalil K, Nicolas JM, Muglia P, Chanteux H, Nicolai J, Gillent E, Cornet M, Sciberras D. Use of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for initial dose prediction and escalation during a paediatric clinical trial. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 87:1378-1389. [PMID: 32822519 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To build and verify a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for radiprodil in adults and link this to a pharmacodynamic (PD) receptor occupancy (RO) model derived from in vitro data. Adapt this model to the paediatric population and predict starting and escalating doses in infants based on RO. Use the model to guide individualized dosing in a clinical trial in 2- to 14-month-old children with infantile spasms. METHODS A PBPK model for radiprodil was developed to investigate the systemic exposure of the drug after oral administration in fasted and fed adults; this was then linked to RO via a PD model. The model was then expanded to include developmental physiology and ontogeny to predict escalating doses in infants that would result in a specific RO of 20, 40 and 60% based on average unbound concentration following a twice daily (b.i.d.) dosing regimen. Dose progression in the clinical trial was based on observed concentration-time data against PBPK predictions. RESULTS For paediatric predictions, the elimination of radiprodil, based on experimental evidence, had no ontogeny. Predicted b.i.d. doses ranged from 0.04 mg/kg for 20% RO, 0.1 mg/kg for 40% RO to 0.21 mg/kg for 60% RO. For all infants recruited in the study, observed concentration-time data following the 0.04 mg/kg and subsequent doses were within the PBPK model predicted 5th and 95th percentiles. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first time a PBPK model linked to RO has been used to guide dose selection and escalation in the live phase of a paediatric clinical trial.
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Auvin S, Avbersek A, Bast T, Chiron C, Guerrini R, Kaminski RM, Lagae L, Muglia P, Cross JH. Drug Development for Rare Paediatric Epilepsies: Current State and Future Directions. Drugs 2020; 79:1917-1935. [PMID: 31734883 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-019-01223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rare diseases provide a challenge in the evaluation of new therapies. However, orphan drug development is of increasing interest because of the legislation enabling facilitated support by regulatory agencies through scientific advice, and the protection of the molecules with orphan designation. In the landscape of the rare epilepsies, very few syndromes, namely Dravet syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and West syndrome, have been subject to orphan drug development. Despite orphan designations for rare epilepsies having dramatically increased in the past 10 years, the number of approved drugs remains limited and restricted to a handful of epilepsy syndromes. In this paper, we describe the current state of orphan drug development for rare epilepsies. We identified a large number of compounds currently under investigation, but mostly in the same rare epilepsy syndromes as in the past. A rationale for further development in rare epilepsies could be based on the match between the drug mechanisms of action and the knowledge of the causative gene mutation or by evidence from animal models. In case of the absence of strong pathophysiological hypotheses, exploratory/basket clinical studies could be helpful to identify a subpopulation that may benefit from the new drug. We provide some suggestions for future improvements in orphan drug development such as promoting paediatric drug investigations, better evaluation of the incidence and the prevalence, together with the natural history data, and the development of new primary outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Auvin
- PROTECT, INSERM U1141, Université de Paris, Paris, France. .,Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Robert-Debré, 48, Boulevard Sérurier, 75935, Paris Cedex 19, France.
| | | | - Thomas Bast
- The Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork, Germany.,Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Catherine Chiron
- PROTECT, INSERM U1141, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfanst Malades, Paris, France
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Neuroscience Department, Children's Hospital Anna Meyer-University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rafal M Kaminski
- UCB Pharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium.,Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lieven Lagae
- Department Development and Regeneration, Section Paediatric Neurology, University Hospitals, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - J Helen Cross
- UCL NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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8
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Auvin S, Dozières-Puyravel B, Avbersek A, Sciberras D, Collier J, Leclercq K, Mares P, Kaminski RM, Muglia P. Radiprodil, a NR2B negative allosteric modulator, from bench to bedside in infantile spasm syndrome. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:343-352. [PMID: 32106360 PMCID: PMC7085998 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Infantile spasm syndrome (ISS) is an epileptic encephalopathy without established treatment after the failure to standard of care based on steroids and vigabatrin. Converging lines of evidence indicating a role of NR2B subunits of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor on the onset of spams in ISS patients, prompted us to test radiprodil, a negative allosteric NR2B modulator in preclinical seizure models and in infants with ISS. Methods Radiprodil has been tested in three models, including pentylenetetrazole‐induced seizures in rats across different postnatal (PN) ages. Three infants with ISS have been included in a phase 1b escalating repeated dose study. Results Radiprodil showed the largest protective seizure effects in juvenile rats (maximum at PN12, corresponding to late infancy in humans). Three infants resistant to a combination of vigabatrin and prednisolone received individually titrated doses of radiprodil for up to 34 days. Radiprodil was safe and well tolerated in all three infants, and showed the expected pharmacokinetic profile. One infant became spasm‐free and two showed clinical improvement without reaching spasm‐freedom. After radiprodil withdrawal, the one infant continued to be spasm‐free, while the two others experienced seizure worsening requiring the use of the ketogenic diet and other antiepileptic drugs. Interpretation Radiprodil showed prominent anti‐seizure effect in juvenile animals, consistent with the prevalent expression of NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor at this age in both rodents and humans. The clinical testing, although preliminary, showed that radiprodil is associated with a good safety and pharmacokinetic profile, and with the potential to control epileptic spasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Auvin
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, INSERM U1141, F-75019, Paris, France
| | - Blandine Dozières-Puyravel
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, INSERM U1141, F-75019, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Pavel Mares
- Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Finnema SJ, Rossano S, Naganawa M, Henry S, Gao H, Pracitto R, Maguire RP, Mercier J, Kervyn S, Nicolas J, Klitgaard H, DeBruyn S, Otoul C, Martin P, Muglia P, Matuskey D, Nabulsi NB, Huang Y, Kaminski RM, Hannestad J, Stockis A, Carson RE. A single-center, open-label positron emission tomography study to evaluate brivaracetam and levetiracetam synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A binding in healthy volunteers. Epilepsia 2019; 60:958-967. [PMID: 30924924 PMCID: PMC6532410 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brivaracetam (BRV) and levetiracetam (LEV) are antiepileptic drugs that bind synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A). In vitro and in vivo animal studies suggest faster brain penetration and SV2A occupancy (SO) after dosing with BRV than LEV. We evaluated human brain penetration and SO time course of BRV and LEV at therapeutically relevant doses using the SV2A positron emission tomography (PET) tracer 11 C-UCB-J (EP0074; NCT02602860). METHODS Healthy volunteers were recruited into three cohorts. Cohort 1 (n = 4) was examined with PET at baseline and during displacement after intravenous BRV (100 mg) or LEV (1500 mg). Cohort 2 (n = 5) was studied during displacement and 4 hours postdose (BRV 50-200 mg or LEV 1500 mg). Cohort 3 (n = 4) was examined at baseline and steady state after 4 days of twice-daily oral dosing of BRV (50-100 mg) and 4 hours postdose of LEV (250-600 mg). Half-time of 11 C-UCB-J signal change was computed from displacement measurements. Half-saturation concentrations (IC50 ) were determined from calculated SO. RESULTS Observed tracer displacement half-times were 18 ± 6 minutes for BRV (100 mg, n = 4), 9.7 and 10.1 minutes for BRV (200 mg, n = 2), and 28 ± 6 minutes for LEV (1500 mg, n = 6). Estimated corrected half-times were 8 minutes shorter. The SO was 66%-70% for 100 mg intravenous BRV, 84%-85% for 200 mg intravenous BRV, and 78%-84% for intravenous 1500 mg LEV. The IC50 of BRV (0.46 μg/mL) was 8.7-fold lower than of LEV (4.02 μg/mL). BRV data fitted a single SO versus plasma concentration relationship. Steady state SO for 100 mg BRV was 86%-87% (peak) and 76%-82% (trough). SIGNIFICANCE BRV achieves high SO more rapidly than LEV when intravenously administered at therapeutic doses. Thus, BRV may have utility in treating acute seizures; further clinical studies are needed for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd J. Finnema
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingPositron Emission Tomography CenterYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Samantha Rossano
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingPositron Emission Tomography CenterYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Mika Naganawa
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingPositron Emission Tomography CenterYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Shannan Henry
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingPositron Emission Tomography CenterYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingPositron Emission Tomography CenterYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Richard Pracitto
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingPositron Emission Tomography CenterYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingPositron Emission Tomography CenterYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Nabeel B. Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingPositron Emission Tomography CenterYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingPositron Emission Tomography CenterYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
| | | | | | | | - Richard E. Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingPositron Emission Tomography CenterYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
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10
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Muglia P, Filosi M, Da Ros L, Kam-Thong T, Nardocci F, Trabetti E, Ratti E, Rizzini P, Zuddas A, Bernardina BD, Domenici E. The Italian autism network (ITAN): a resource for molecular genetics and biomarker investigations. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:369. [PMID: 30463616 PMCID: PMC6247619 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial genetic component accounts for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) aetiology, with some rare and common genetic risk factors recently identified. Large collections of DNAs from thoroughly characterized ASD families are an essential step to confirm genetic risk factors, identify new variants and investigate genotype-phenotype correlations. The Italian Autism Network aimed at constituting a clinical database and a biorepository of samples derived from ASD subjects and first-degree relatives extensively and consistently characterized by child psychiatry centers in Italy. METHODS The study was approved by the ethical committee of the University of Verona, the coordinating site, and by the local ethical committees of each recruiting site. Certified staff was specifically trained at each site for the overall study conduct, for clinical protocol administration and handling of biological material. A centralized database was developed to collect clinical assessment and medical records from each recruiting site. Children were eligible for recruitment based on the following inclusion criteria: age 4-18 years, at least one parent or legal guardian giving voluntary written consent, meeting DSM-IV criteria for Autistic Disorder or Asperger's Disorder or Pervasive Developmental Disorder NOS. Affected individuals were assessed by full psychiatric, neurological and physical examination, evaluation with ADI-R and ADOS scales, cognitive assessment with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children or Preschool and Primary, Leiter International Performance Scale or Griffiths Mental Developmental Scale. Additional evaluations included language assessment, the Krug Asperger's Disorder Index, and instrumental examination such as EEG and structural MRI. DNA, RNA and plasma were collected from eligible individuals and relatives. A central laboratory was established to host the biorepository, perform DNA and RNA extraction and lymphocytes immortalisation. DISCUSSION The study has led to an extensive collection of biological samples associated with standardised clinical assessments from a network of expert clinicians and psychologists. Eighteen sites have received ADI/ADOS training, thirteen of which have been actively recruiting. The clinical database currently includes information on 812 individuals from 249 families, and the biorepository has samples for 98% of the subjects. This effort has generated a highly valuable resource for conducting clinical and genetic research of ASD, amenable to further expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Filosi
- 0000 0004 1937 0351grid.11696.39Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Tony Kam-Thong
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Elisabetta Trabetti
- 0000 0004 1763 1124grid.5611.3Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emiliangelo Ratti
- 0000 0004 0447 7762grid.419849.9Central Nervous System (CNS) Therapeutic Area Unit, Takeda, Boston, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Zuddas
- 0000 0004 1755 3242grid.7763.5Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dalla Bernardina
- Servizio di Neuropsichiatria Infantile Azienda Ospedaliera Istituti Ospitalieri di Verona Policlinico G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Enrico Domenici
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy. .,The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Rovereto, TN, Italy.
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11
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Conte F, Legros B, Van Paesschen W, Avbersek A, Muglia P, Depondt C. Long-term seizure outcomes in patients with drug resistant epilepsy. Seizure 2018; 62:74-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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12
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Inkster B, Simmons A, Cole J, Schoof E, Linding R, Nichols T, Muglia P, Holsboer F, Saemann P, McGuffin P, Fu C, Miskowiak K, Matthews PM, Zai G, Nicodemus K. Unravelling the GSK3β-related genotypic interaction network influencing hippocampal volume in recurrent major depressive disorder. Psychiatr Genet 2018; 28:77-84. [PMID: 30080747 PMCID: PMC6531290 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) has been implicated in mood disorders. We previously reported associations between a GSK3β polymorphism and hippocampal volume in major depressive disorder (MDD). We then reported similar associations for a subset of GSK3β-regulated genes. We now investigate an algorithm-derived comprehensive list of genes encoding proteins that directly interact with GSK3β to identify a genotypic network influencing hippocampal volume in MDD. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS We used discovery (N=141) and replication (N=77) recurrent MDD samples. Our gene list was generated from the NetworKIN database. Hippocampal measures were derived using an optimized Freesurfer protocol. We identified interacting single nucleotide polymorphisms using the machine learning algorithm Random Forest and verified interactions using likelihood ratio tests between nested linear regression models. RESULTS The discovery sample showed multiple two-single nucleotide polymorphism interactions with hippocampal volume. The replication sample showed a replicable interaction (likelihood ratio test: P=0.0088, replication sample; P=0.017, discovery sample; Stouffer's combined P=0.0007) between genes associated previously with endoplasmic reticulum stress, calcium regulation and histone modifications. CONCLUSION Our results provide genetic evidence supporting associations between hippocampal volume and MDD, which may reflect underlying cellular stress responses. Our study provides evidence of biological mechanisms that should be further explored in the search for disease-modifying therapeutic targets for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Inkster
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
- Wolfson College, University of Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Andy Simmons
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, UK
| | - James Cole
- The Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Lab, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Erwin Schoof
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen
| | - Rune Linding
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen
| | - Tom Nichols
- Department of Statistics, Warwick University, UK
| | - Pierandrea Muglia
- Genetics Division, Drug Discovery, Medicine Development Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, R&D, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Peter McGuffin
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, UK
| | - Cynthia Fu
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, UK
| | - Kamilla Miskowiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Paul M Matthews
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London and UK Dementia Research Institute
| | - Gwyneth Zai
- Neurogenetics Section, Molecular Brain Science Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, and Mood & Anxiety Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kristin Nicodemus
- Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE One limiting factor in the development of pharmacological interventions to enhance cognition is the absence of biomarkers that can be used in healthy volunteers to screen novel compounds. Drug discovery has tended to rely heavily on explicit measures of cognition, but these are typically insensitive to cognition-enhancing effects in healthy volunteers. This study investigated whether a novel battery of implicit cognition measures is sensitive to the effects of methylphenidate (Ritalin) in healthy volunteers. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Eighty healthy volunteers were randomised to receive either a single (10 mg) dose of methylphenidate or matched placebo. Participants completed a battery of tasks measuring implicit cognition (location priming, contextual cueing, implicit task switching). The effect of methylphenidate on standard, explicit measures of cognition was also assessed. KEY RESULTS Methylphenidate enhanced implicit learning on the location priming task and the implicit task-switching task. In line with previous work, we found that these effects were greater in male volunteers. There was no evidence for improved learning in any of the explicit measures. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results demonstrate that implicit measures of cognition are sensitive to pharmacological interventions in healthy volunteers. As such, implicit cognition measures may be a useful way of screening and tracking cognitive effects of novel agents in experimental medicine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Klinge
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,2 Oxford Health, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Anna C Nobre
- 4 Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,5 Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,2 Oxford Health, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Susannah E Murphy
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,2 Oxford Health, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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14
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Giegling I, Hosak L, Mössner R, Serretti A, Bellivier F, Claes S, Collier DA, Corrales A, DeLisi LE, Gallo C, Gill M, Kennedy JL, Leboyer M, Maier W, Marquez M, Massat I, Mors O, Muglia P, Nöthen MM, Ospina-Duque J, Owen MJ, Propping P, Shi Y, St Clair D, Thibaut F, Cichon S, Mendlewicz J, O'Donovan MC, Rujescu D. Genetics of schizophrenia: A consensus paper of the WFSBP Task Force on Genetics. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:492-505. [PMID: 28112043 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1268715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disease affecting about 1% of the general population. The relative contribution of genetic factors has been estimated to be up to 80%. The mode of inheritance is complex, non-Mendelian, and in most cases involving the combined action of large numbers of genes. METHODS This review summarises recent efforts to identify genetic variants associated with schizophrenia detected, e.g., through genome-wide association studies, studies on copy-number variants or next-generation sequencing. RESULTS A large, new body of evidence on genetics of schizophrenia has accumulated over recent years. Many new robustly associated genetic loci have been detected. Furthermore, there is consensus that at least a dozen microdeletions and microduplications contribute to the disease. Genetic overlap between schizophrenia, other psychiatric disorders, and neurodevelopmental syndromes raised new questions regarding the current classification of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diseases. CONCLUSIONS Future studies will address especially the functional characterisation of genetic variants. This will hopefully open the doors to our understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and other related diseases. Complementary, integrated systems biology approaches to genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics may also play crucial roles in enabling a precision medicine approach to the treatment of individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Giegling
- a Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics , Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany.,b Department of Psychiatry , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Ladislav Hosak
- c Department of Psychiatriy , Charles University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Rainald Mössner
- d Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- e Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Frank Bellivier
- f Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Pôle Neurosciences , Paris , France.,g Equipe 1, Université Paris Diderot , Paris , France
| | - Stephan Claes
- h GRASP-Research Group, Department of Neuroscience , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,i Department of Neurosciences, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - David A Collier
- j Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre , Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London , London , UK.,k Eli Lilly and Company Ltd, Erl Wood Manor , Surrey , UK
| | - Alejo Corrales
- l Argentinean Association of Biological Psychiatry , National University, UNT, Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Lynn E DeLisi
- m VA Boston Health Care System , Brockton , MA , USA.,n Department of Psychiatry , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Carla Gallo
- o Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía , Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Peru
| | - Michael Gill
- p Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - James L Kennedy
- q Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , ON , Canada.,r Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada.,s Department of Psychiatry , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.,t Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Marion Leboyer
- u Equipe Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Inserm U955 , Créteil , France.,v DHU Pe-Psy, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie , AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor , Créteil , France.,w Pôle de Psychiatrie , Hôpital Albert Chenevier , Créteil , France.,x Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- y Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Bonn, Bonn , Germany
| | - Miguel Marquez
- z Asistencia, Docencia e Investigación en Neurociencia , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Isabelle Massat
- aa UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, ULB , Bruxelles , Belgium.,ab National Fund of Scientific Research (FNRS) , Bruxelles , Belgium.,ac Laboratory of Experimental Neurology , ULB , Bruxelles , Belgium.,ad UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Centre de Recherche Cognition et Neurosciences , Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Bruxelles , Belgium
| | - Ole Mors
- ae Psychosis Research Unit , Aarhus University Hospital , Risskov , Denmark.,af The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus , Denmark
| | | | - Markus M Nöthen
- ah Head, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany.,ai Department of Genomics , Life and Brain Center , Bonn , Germany
| | - Jorge Ospina-Duque
- aj Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Antioquia , Medellín , Colombia
| | - Michael J Owen
- ak MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK.,al National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | | | - YongYong Shi
- an Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China.,ao Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabloic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , P.R. China.,ap Institute of Social Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - David St Clair
- aq Department of Psychiatry, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences , Aberdeen , UK
| | - Florence Thibaut
- ar INSERM U 894 Centre Psychiatry and Neurosciences , University Hospital Cochin (Site Tarnier), University Sorbonne Paris Cité (Faculty of Medicine Paris Descartes) , Paris , France
| | - Sven Cichon
- ah Head, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany.,ai Department of Genomics , Life and Brain Center , Bonn , Germany.,as Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland.,at Genomic Imaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine , Research Center Juelich , Juelich , Germany
| | - Julien Mendlewicz
- au Laboratoire de Psychologie Medicale, Centre Europe´en de Psychologie Medicale , Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles and Psy Pluriel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- ak MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK.,al National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Dan Rujescu
- a Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics , Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany.,b Department of Psychiatry , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
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15
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Mullier B, Wolff C, Sands ZA, Ghisdal P, Muglia P, Kaminski RM, André VM. GRIN2B gain of function mutations are sensitive to radiprodil, a negative allosteric modulator of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors. Neuropharmacology 2017; 123:322-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Michel A, Nicolas JM, Rose S, Jackson M, Colman P, Briône W, Sciberras D, Muglia P, Scheller DK, Citron M, Downey P. Antiparkinsonian effects of the "Radiprodil and Tozadenant" combination in MPTP-treated marmosets. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182887. [PMID: 28854243 PMCID: PMC5576667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Investigate a combination of two clinically tested drugs, the NR2B antagonist Radiprodil and the A2A antagonist Tozadenant in the MPTP-treated marmoset model of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Background In PD, there remains a need for the development of non-dopaminergic drugs to effectively treat the motor symptoms without the induction of L-Dopa-induced motor complications. Methods Clinically relevant doses of Radiprodil and Tozadenant were given both alone and in combination without the addition of L-Dopa, and the antiparkinsonian efficacy of the treatments was assessed in a primate model of PD. Results When compared to the drugs tested alone, the drug combination led to a significant increase of motor activity and an improvement of motor disability in MPTP-treated marmosets. In addition, the motor restoration brought about by the combination was almost completely devoid of dyskinesia. Interestingly, treated primates were not overstimulated, but were able to move normally when motivated by the exploration of novel objects. Conclusion We have demonstrated in a primate model that, the “Radiprodil/Tozadenant” combination significantly improves motor activity, extending previous results obtained in unilaterally lesioned 6-OHDA-rats. The strength of the preclinical data accumulated so far suggests that the use of such an A2A and NR2B antagonist combination could bring significant motor improvement to PD patients, without inducing the motor complications induced by L-Dopa therapy. Although encouraging, these preclinical data need to be confirmed in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Michel
- UCB BioPharma, Braine L’Alleud, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Sarah Rose
- King’s College, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Jackson
- King’s College, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, London, United Kingdom
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Conrado DJ, Nicholas T, Tsai K, Macha S, Sinha V, Stone J, Corrigan B, Bani M, Muglia P, Watson IA, Kern VD, Sheveleva E, Marek K, Stephenson DT, Romero K. Dopamine Transporter Neuroimaging as an Enrichment Biomarker in Early Parkinson's Disease Clinical Trials: A Disease Progression Modeling Analysis. Clin Transl Sci 2017; 11:63-70. [PMID: 28749580 PMCID: PMC5759747 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the recognition that disease‐modifying therapies should focus on earlier Parkinson's disease stages, trial enrollment based purely on clinical criteria poses significant challenges. The goal herein was to determine the utility of dopamine transporter neuroimaging as an enrichment biomarker in early motor Parkinson's disease clinical trials. Patient‐level longitudinal data of 672 subjects with early‐stage Parkinson's disease in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) observational study and the Parkinson Research Examination of CEP‐1347 Trial (PRECEPT) clinical trial were utilized in a linear mixed‐effects model analysis. The rate of worsening in the motor scores between subjects with or without a scan without evidence of dopamine transporter deficit was different both statistically and clinically. The average difference in the change from baseline of motor scores at 24 months between biomarker statuses was –3.16 (90% confidence interval [CI] = –0.96 to –5.42) points. Dopamine transporter imaging could identify subjects with a steeper worsening of the motor scores, allowing trial enrichment and 24% reduction of sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kuenhi Tsai
- Merck Sharp & Dohme, North Wales, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Vikram Sinha
- Merck Sharp & Dohme, North Wales, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julie Stone
- Merck Sharp & Dohme, North Wales, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elena Sheveleva
- Critical Path Institute, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kenneth Marek
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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18
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Rabinovich-Guilatt L, Steiner L, Hallak H, Pastino G, Muglia P, Spiegelstein O. Metoprolol-pridopidine drug-drug interaction and food effect assessments of pridopidine, a new drug for treatment of Huntington's disease. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83:2214-2224. [PMID: 28449367 PMCID: PMC5595947 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Pridopidine is an oral drug in clinical development for treatment of patients with Huntington's disease. This study examined the interactions of pridopidine with in vitro cytochrome P450 activity and characterized the effects of pridopidine on CYP2D6 activity in healthy volunteers using metoprolol as a probe substrate. The effect of food on pridopidine exposure was assessed. Methods The ability of pridopidine to inhibit and/or induce in vitro activity of drug metabolizing enzymes was examined in human liver microsomes and fresh hepatocytes. CYP2D6 inhibition potency and reversibility was assessed using dextromethorphan. For the clinical assessment, 22 healthy subjects were given metoprolol 100 mg alone and concomitantly with steady‐state pridopidine 45 mg twice daily. Food effect on a single 90 mg dose of pridopidine was evaluated in a crossover manner. Safety assessments and pharmacokinetic sampling occurred throughout the study. Results Pridopidine was found to be a metabolism dependent inhibitor of CYP2D6, the main enzyme catalysing its own metabolism. Flavin‐containing monooxygenase heat inactivation of liver microsomes did not affect pridopidine metabolism‐dependent inhibition of CYP2D6 and its inhibition of CYP2D6 was not reversible with addition of FeCN3. Exposure to metoprolol was markedly increased when coadministered with pridopidine; the ratio of the geometric means (90% confidence interval) for maximum observed plasma concentration, and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to the time of the last quantifiable concentration and extrapolated to infinity were 3.5 (2.9, 4.22), 6.64 (5.27, 8.38) and 6.55 (5.18, 8.28), respectively. Systemic exposure to pridopidine was unaffected by food conditions. Conclusions As pridopidine is a metabolism‐dependent inhibitor of CYP2D6, systemic levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 may increase with chronic coadministration of pridopidine. Pridopidine can be administered without regard to food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilach Steiner
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Netanya, Israel
| | - Hussein Hallak
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Netanya, Israel
| | - Gina Pastino
- Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacometrics, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Malvern PA, USA
| | - Pierandrea Muglia
- Neuroscience Discovery Medicine UCB Pharma Chemin du Foriest, Belgium
| | - Ofer Spiegelstein
- Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacometrics, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Netanya, Israel
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19
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Fabbri C, Hosak L, Mössner R, Giegling I, Mandelli L, Bellivier F, Claes S, Collier DA, Corrales A, Delisi LE, Gallo C, Gill M, Kennedy JL, Leboyer M, Lisoway A, Maier W, Marquez M, Massat I, Mors O, Muglia P, Nöthen MM, O'Donovan MC, Ospina-Duque J, Propping P, Shi Y, St Clair D, Thibaut F, Cichon S, Mendlewicz J, Rujescu D, Serretti A. Consensus paper of the WFSBP Task Force on Genetics: Genetics, epigenetics and gene expression markers of major depressive disorder and antidepressant response. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:5-28. [PMID: 27603714 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1208843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heritable disease with a heavy personal and socio-economic burden. Antidepressants of different classes are prescribed to treat MDD, but reliable and reproducible markers of efficacy are not available for clinical use. Further complicating treatment, the diagnosis of MDD is not guided by objective criteria, resulting in the risk of under- or overtreatment. A number of markers of MDD and antidepressant response have been investigated at the genetic, epigenetic, gene expression and protein levels. Polymorphisms in genes involved in antidepressant metabolism (cytochrome P450 isoenzymes), antidepressant transport (ABCB1), glucocorticoid signalling (FKBP5) and serotonin neurotransmission (SLC6A4 and HTR2A) were among those included in the first pharmacogenetic assays that have been tested for clinical applicability. The results of these investigations were encouraging when examining patient-outcome improvement. Furthermore, a nine-serum biomarker panel (including BDNF, cortisol and soluble TNF-α receptor type II) showed good sensitivity and specificity in differentiating between MDD and healthy controls. These first diagnostic and response-predictive tests for MDD provided a source of optimism for future clinical applications. However, such findings should be considered very carefully because their benefit/cost ratio and clinical indications were not clearly demonstrated. Future tests may include combinations of different types of biomarkers and be specific for MDD subtypes or pathological dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fabbri
- a Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Ladislav Hosak
- b Department of Psychiatrics , Charles University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Hradec Králové , Czech Republic
| | - Rainald Mössner
- c Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Ina Giegling
- d Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Laura Mandelli
- a Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Frank Bellivier
- e Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France AP-HP , GH Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Pôle Neurosciences , Paris , France
| | - Stephan Claes
- f GRASP-Research Group, Department of Neuroscience , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - David A Collier
- g Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre , Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Alejo Corrales
- h National University (UNT) Argentina, Argentinean Association of Biological Psychiatry , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Lynn E Delisi
- i VA Boston Health Care System , Brockton , MA , USA
| | - Carla Gallo
- j Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía , Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Peru
| | - Michael Gill
- k Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - James L Kennedy
- l Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Marion Leboyer
- m Faculté de Médecine , Université Paris-Est Créteil, Inserm U955, Equipe Psychiatrie Translationnelle , Créteil , France
| | - Amanda Lisoway
- l Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- n Department of Psychiatry , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Miguel Marquez
- o Director of ADINEU (Asistencia, Docencia e Investigación en Neurociencia) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Isabelle Massat
- p UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, ULB , Bruxelles , Belgium
| | - Ole Mors
- q Department P , Aarhus University Hospital , Risskov , Denmark
| | | | - Markus M Nöthen
- s Institute of Human Genetics , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- t MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics , Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Jorge Ospina-Duque
- u Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Antioquia , Medellín , Colombia
| | | | - Yongyong Shi
- w Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - David St Clair
- x University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences , Aberdeen , UK
| | - Florence Thibaut
- y University Hospital Cochin (Site Tarnier), University Sorbonne Paris Cité (Faculty of Medicine Paris Descartes), INSERM U 894 Centre Psychiatry and Neurosciences , Paris , France
| | - Sven Cichon
- z Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Julien Mendlewicz
- aa Laboratoire de Psychologie Medicale, Centre Européen de Psychologie Medicale , Université Libre de Bruxelles and Psy Pluriel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Dan Rujescu
- d Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- a Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
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Zuiker RGJA, Chen X, Østerberg O, Mirza NR, Muglia P, de Kam M, Klaassen ES, van Gerven JMA. NS11821, a partial subtype-selective GABAA agonist, elicits selective effects on the central nervous system in randomized controlled trial with healthy subjects. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:253-62. [PMID: 26655084 DOI: 10.1177/0269881115620435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
NS11821 is a partial GABAA agonist with relatively dominant α2,3 and α5 subtype efficacy but negligible α1 agonism. This first-in-human study was performed in healthy male subjects using a single-dose, parallel, double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, dose-escalation study design. In total six cohorts (N=48) were enrolled. The eight subjects of each cohort received NS11821 (10 mg, 30 mg, 75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg or 600 mg) or placebo in a 6:2 ratio. At low dose levels, NS11821 had a relatively low exposure and a more-than-proportional increase of the area under the curve and maximum plasma concentrations, probably due to poor solubility. Saccadic peak velocity decreased in a dose-related manner while limited impairments were seen on body sway and the visual analogue scale for alertness. The most common adverse events were somnolence and dizziness, which were more prominent with the higher doses. Although no positive control was used in this study, the results were compared post hoc with a Centre for Human Drug Research dataset for lorazepam 2 mg. The maximum saccadic peak velocity effects seemed comparable to the typical effects of lorazepam, whereas the other central nervous system effects were smaller. These results support the pharmacological selectivity of NS11821 and show that pharmacodynamic effective doses of NS11821 were safe and well tolerated in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xia Chen
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Leiden, the Netherlands Clinical Pharmacological Research Centre (CPRC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | | | | | | | - Marieke de Kam
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Leiden, the Netherlands
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21
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Maier R, Moser G, Chen GB, Ripke S, Coryell W, Potash JB, Scheftner WA, Shi J, Weissman MM, Hultman CM, Landén M, Levinson DF, Kendler KS, Smoller JW, Wray NR, Lee SH, Absher D, Agartz I, Akil H, Amin F, Andreassen O, Anjorin A, Anney R, Arking D, Asherson P, Azevedo M, Backlund L, Badner J, Bailey A, Banaschewski T, Barchas J, Barnes M, Barrett T, Bass N, Battaglia A, Bauer M, Bayés M, Bellivier F, Bergen S, Berrettini W, Betancur C, Bettecken T, Biederman J, Binder E, Black D, Blackwood D, Bloss C, Boehnke M, Boomsma D, Breen G, Breuer R, Bruggeman R, Buccola N, Buitelaar J, Bunney W, Buxbaum J, Byerley W, Caesar S, Cahn W, Cantor R, Casas M, Chakravarti A, Chambert K, Choudhury K, Cichon S, Cloninger C, Collier D, Cook E, Coon H, Cormand B, Cormican P, Corvin A, Coryell W, Craddock N, Craig D, Craig I, Crosbie J, Cuccaro M, Curtis D, Czamara D, Daly M, Datta S, Dawson G, Day R, De Geus E, Degenhardt F, Devlin B, Djurovic S, Donohoe G, Doyle A, Duan J, Dudbridge F, Duketis E, Ebstein R, Edenberg H, Elia J, Ennis S, Etain B, Fanous A, Faraone S, Farmer A, Ferrier I, Flickinger M, Fombonne E, Foroud T, Frank J, Franke B, Fraser C, Freedman R, Freimer N, Freitag C, Friedl M, Frisén L, Gallagher L, Gejman P, Georgieva L, Gershon E, Geschwind D, Giegling I, Gill M, Gordon S, Gordon-Smith K, Green E, Greenwood T, Grice D, Gross M, Grozeva D, Guan W, Gurling H, De Haan L, Haines J, Hakonarson H, Hallmayer J, Hamilton S, Hamshere M, Hansen T, Hartmann A, Hautzinger M, Heath A, Henders A, Herms S, Hickie I, Hipolito M, Hoefels S, Holmans P, Holsboer F, Hoogendijk W, Hottenga JJ, Hultman C, Hus V, Ingason A, Ising M, Jamain S, Jones I, Jones L, Kähler A, Kahn R, Kandaswamy R, Keller M, Kelsoe J, Kendler K, Kennedy J, Kenny E, Kent L, Kim Y, Kirov G, Klauck S, Klei L, Knowles J, Kohli M, Koller D, Konte B, Korszun A, Krabbendam L, Krasucki R, Kuntsi J, Kwan P, Landén M, Långström N, Lathrop M, Lawrence J, Lawson W, Leboyer M, Ledbetter D, Lee P, Lencz T, Lesch KP, Levinson D, Lewis C, Li J, Lichtenstein P, Lieberman J, Lin DY, Linszen D, Liu C, Lohoff F, Loo S, Lord C, Lowe J, Lucae S, MacIntyre D, Madden P, Maestrini E, Magnusson P, Mahon P, Maier W, Malhotra A, Mane S, Martin C, Martin N, Mattheisen M, Matthews K, Mattingsdal M, McCarroll S, McGhee K, McGough J, McGrath P, McGuffin P, McInnis M, McIntosh A, McKinney R, McLean A, McMahon F, McMahon W, McQuillin A, Medeiros H, Medland S, Meier S, Melle I, Meng F, Meyer J, Middeldorp C, Middleton L, Milanova V, Miranda A, Monaco A, Montgomery G, Moran J, Moreno-De-Luca D, Morken G, Morris D, Morrow E, Moskvina V, Mowry B, Muglia P, Mühleisen T, Müller-Myhsok B, Murtha M, Myers R, Myin-Germeys I, Neale B, Nelson S, Nievergelt C, Nikolov I, Nimgaonkar V, Nolen W, Nöthen M, Nurnberger J, Nwulia E, Nyholt D, O’Donovan M, O’Dushlaine C, Oades R, Olincy A, Oliveira G, Olsen L, Ophoff R, Osby U, Owen M, Palotie A, Parr J, Paterson A, Pato C, Pato M, Penninx B, Pergadia M, Pericak-Vance M, Perlis R, Pickard B, Pimm J, Piven J, Posthuma D, Potash J, Poustka F, Propping P, Purcell S, Puri V, Quested D, Quinn E, Ramos-Quiroga J, Rasmussen H, Raychaudhuri S, Rehnström K, Reif A, Ribasés M, Rice J, Rietschel M, Ripke S, Roeder K, Roeyers H, Rossin L, Rothenberger A, Rouleau G, Ruderfer D, Rujescu D, Sanders A, Sanders S, Santangelo S, Schachar R, Schalling M, Schatzberg A, Scheftner W, Schellenberg G, Scherer S, Schork N, Schulze T, Schumacher J, Schwarz M, Scolnick E, Scott L, Sergeant J, Shi J, Shilling P, Shyn S, Silverman J, Sklar P, Slager S, Smalley S, Smit J, Smith E, Smoller J, Sonuga-Barke E, St Clair D, State M, Steffens M, Steinhausen HC, Strauss J, Strohmaier J, Stroup T, Sullivan P, Sutcliffe J, Szatmari P, Szelinger S, Thapar A, Thirumalai S, Thompson R, Todorov A, Tozzi F, Treutlein J, Tzeng JY, Uhr M, van den Oord E, Van Grootheest G, Van Os J, Vicente A, Vieland V, Vincent J, Visscher P, Walsh C, Wassink T, Watson S, Weiss L, Weissman M, Werge T, Wienker T, Wiersma D, Wijsman E, Willemsen G, Williams N, Willsey A, Witt S, Wray N, Xu W, Young A, Yu T, Zammit S, Zandi P, Zhang P, Zitman F, Zöllner S. Joint analysis of psychiatric disorders increases accuracy of risk prediction for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:283-94. [PMID: 25640677 PMCID: PMC4320268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic risk prediction has several potential applications in medical research and clinical practice and could be used, for example, to stratify a heterogeneous population of patients by their predicted genetic risk. However, for polygenic traits, such as psychiatric disorders, the accuracy of risk prediction is low. Here we use a multivariate linear mixed model and apply multi-trait genomic best linear unbiased prediction for genetic risk prediction. This method exploits correlations between disorders and simultaneously evaluates individual risk for each disorder. We show that the multivariate approach significantly increases the prediction accuracy for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder in the discovery as well as in independent validation datasets. By grouping SNPs based on genome annotation and fitting multiple random effects, we show that the prediction accuracy could be further improved. The gain in prediction accuracy of the multivariate approach is equivalent to an increase in sample size of 34% for schizophrenia, 68% for bipolar disorder, and 76% for major depressive disorders using single trait models. Because our approach can be readily applied to any number of GWAS datasets of correlated traits, it is a flexible and powerful tool to maximize prediction accuracy. With current sample size, risk predictors are not useful in a clinical setting but already are a valuable research tool, for example in experimental designs comparing cases with high and low polygenic risk.
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Noor A, Lionel AC, Cohen-Woods S, Moghimi N, Rucker J, Fennell A, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Kaufman L, Degagne B, Wei J, Parikh SV, Muglia P, Forte J, Scherer SW, Kennedy JL, Xu W, McGuffin P, Farmer A, Strauss J, Vincent JB. Copy number variant study of bipolar disorder in Canadian and UK populations implicates synaptic genes. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2014; 165B:303-13. [PMID: 24700553 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from 936 bipolar disorder (BD) individuals and 940 psychiatrically healthy comparison individuals of North European descent were analyzed for copy number variation (CNV). Using multiple CNV calling algorithms, and validating using in vitro molecular analyses, we identified CNVs implicating several candidate genes that encode synaptic proteins, such as DLG1, DLG2, DPP6, NRXN1, NRXN2, NRXN3, SHANK2, and EPHA5, as well as the neuronal splicing regulator RBFOX1 (A2BP1), and neuronal cell adhesion molecule CHL1. We have also identified recurrent CNVs on 15q13.3 and 16p11.2-regions previously reported as risk loci for neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, we performed CNV analysis of individuals from 215 BD trios and identified de novo CNVs involving the NRXN1 and DRD5 genes. Our study provides further evidence of the occasional involvement of genomic mutations in the etiology of BD, however, there is no evidence of an increased burden of CNVs in BD. Further, the identification of CNVs at multiple members of the neurexin gene family in BD individuals, supports the role of synaptic disruption in the etiology of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Noor
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ferentinos P, Rivera M, Ising M, Spain SL, Cohen-Woods S, Butler AW, Craddock N, Owen MJ, Korszun A, Jones L, Jones I, Gill M, Rice JP, Maier W, Mors O, Rietschel M, Lucae S, Binder EB, Preisig M, Tozzi F, Muglia P, Breen G, Craig IW, Farmer AE, Müller-Myhsok B, McGuffin P, Lewis CM. Investigating the genetic variation underlying episodicity in major depressive disorder: suggestive evidence for a bipolar contribution. J Affect Disord 2014; 155:81-9. [PMID: 24215895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD) has reportedly increased risk of shifting to bipolar disorder; high recurrence frequency has, therefore, featured as evidence of 'soft bipolarity'. We aimed to investigate the genetic underpinnings of total depressive episode count in recurrent MDD. METHODS Our primary sample included 1966 MDD cases with negative family history of bipolar disorder from the RADIANT studies. Total episode count was adjusted for gender, age, MDD duration, study and center before being tested for association with genotype in two separate genome-wide analyses (GWAS), in the full set and in a subset of 1364 cases with positive family history of MDD (FH+). We also calculated polygenic scores from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium MDD and bipolar disorder studies. RESULTS Episodicity (especially intermediate episode counts) was an independent index of MDD familial aggregation, replicating previous reports. The GWAS produced no genome-wide significant findings. The strongest signals were detected in the full set at MAGI1 (p=5.1×10(-7)), previously associated with bipolar disorder, and in the FH+ subset at STIM1 (p=3.9×10(-6) after imputation), a calcium channel signaling gene. However, these findings failed to replicate in an independent Munich cohort. In the full set polygenic profile analyses, MDD polygenes predicted episodicity better than bipolar polygenes; however, in the FH+ subset, both polygenic scores performed similarly. LIMITATIONS Episode count was self-reported and, therefore, subject to recall bias. CONCLUSIONS Our findings lend preliminary support to the hypothesis that highly recurrent MDD with FH+ is part of a 'soft bipolar spectrum' but await replication in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Ferentinos
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Margarita Rivera
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Marcus Ising
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah L Spain
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Cohen-Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Amy W Butler
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Nicholas Craddock
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ania Korszun
- Barts and The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropharmacology & Neurobiology Section, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Jones
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Gill
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John P Rice
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ole Mors
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Preisig
- University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Federica Tozzi
- Aptuit Center for Drug Discovery & Development, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Gerome Breen
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian W Craig
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Anne E Farmer
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter McGuffin
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Xu W, Cohen-Woods S, Chen Q, Noor A, Knight J, Hosang G, Parikh SV, De Luca V, Tozzi F, Muglia P, Forte J, McQuillin A, Hu P, Gurling HMD, Kennedy JL, McGuffin P, Farmer A, Strauss J, Vincent JB. Genome-wide association study of bipolar disorder in Canadian and UK populations corroborates disease loci including SYNE1 and CSMD1. BMC Med Genet 2014; 15:2. [PMID: 24387768 PMCID: PMC3901032 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-15-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for cases versus controls using single nucleotide polymorphism microarray data have shown promising findings for complex neuropsychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS Here we describe a comprehensive genome-wide study of bipolar disorder (BD), cross-referencing analysis from a family-based study of 229 small families with association analysis from over 950 cases and 950 ethnicity-matched controls from the UK and Canada. Further, loci identified in these analyses were supported by pathways identified through pathway analysis on the samples. RESULTS Although no genome-wide significant markers were identified, the combined GWAS findings have pointed to several genes of interest that support GWAS findings for BD from other groups or consortia, such as at SYNE1 on 6q25, PPP2R2C on 4p16.1, ZNF659 on 3p24.3, CNTNAP5 (2q14.3), and CDH13 (16q23.3). This apparent corroboration across multiple sites gives much confidence to the likelihood of genetic involvement in BD at these loci. In particular, our two-stage strategy found association in both our combined case/control analysis and the family-based analysis on 1q21.2 (closest gene: sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 gene, S1PR1) and on 1q24.1 near the gene TMCO1, and at CSMD1 on 8p23.2, supporting several previous GWAS reports for BD and for schizophrenia. Pathway analysis suggests association of pathways involved in calcium signalling, neuropathic pain signalling, CREB signalling in neurons, glutamate receptor signalling and axonal guidance signalling. CONCLUSIONS The findings presented here show support for a number of genes previously implicated genes in the etiology of BD, including CSMD1 and SYNE1, as well as evidence for previously unreported genes such as the brain-expressed genes ADCY2, NCALD, WDR60, SCN7A and SPAG16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sarah Cohen-Woods
- MRC SGDP Centre, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Qian Chen
- Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Abdul Noor
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), R-32, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Jo Knight
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), R-32, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Georgina Hosang
- MRC SGDP Centre, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sagar V Parikh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Federica Tozzi
- GSK Research & Development, Medical Genetics, Clinical Pharmacology and Discovery Medicine, Via Fleming 4, Verona, Italy
- GSK Research & Development, Medical Genetics, Clinical Pharmacology and Discovery Medicine, Greenford Road, Greenford, Middlesex UB6 OHE, UK
| | - Pierandrea Muglia
- GSK Research & Development, Medical Genetics, Clinical Pharmacology and Discovery Medicine, Via Fleming 4, Verona, Italy
- Exploratory Medicine & Early Development, NeuroSearch, Copenhagen, Denmark
- GSK Research & Development, Medical Genetics, Clinical Pharmacology and Discovery Medicine, Greenford Road, Greenford, Middlesex UB6 OHE, UK
| | - Julia Forte
- GSK Research & Development, Medical Genetics, Clinical Pharmacology and Discovery Medicine, Via Fleming 4, Verona, Italy
- GSK Research & Development, Medical Genetics, Clinical Pharmacology and Discovery Medicine, Greenford Road, Greenford, Middlesex UB6 OHE, UK
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Mental Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pingzhao Hu
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hugh MD Gurling
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Mental Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - James L Kennedy
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), R-32, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter McGuffin
- MRC SGDP Centre, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Anne Farmer
- MRC SGDP Centre, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - John Strauss
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
| | - John B Vincent
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), R-32, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- The Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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25
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Deng J, Lamb JR, Mckeown AP, Miller S, Muglia P, Guest PC, Bahn S, Domenici E, Rahmoune H. Identification of altered dipeptidyl-peptidase activities as potential biomarkers for unipolar depression. J Affect Disord 2013; 151:667-672. [PMID: 23948634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in circulatory aminopeptidases [dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), Prolyl-oligopeptidase (POP) and Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP)] activities have been found to be associated with psychiatric illnesses and inflammatory diseases. METHODS The discriminatory indices of aminopeptidases activities were assessed by enzymatic assays in plasma samples from 240 unipolar depression (UD) patients and 264 matched controls. In addition the relationship between soluble and cellular DPP-IV activity was determined in plasma and blood cells from healthy subjects. RESULTS Greater than 95% of the plasma DPP-IV activity could be blocked by inhibitors, demonstrating the specificity of the assay. Also, DPP-IV protein and activity levels were strongly correlated. In contrast, only 50% of the membrane-bound activity in blood cells was inhibited, which suggested that other similar peptidases may be present in these cells. UD patients had decreased plasma levels of DPP-IV and POP activities compared to healthy controls with a concomitant increase in LAP activity. Finally, testing of the LAP/DPP-IV ratio resulted in good discrimination of UD patients from controls with an area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic of 0.70. LIMITATIONS Further biological validation studies using different cohorts are warranted. CONCLUSIONS The finding that plasma DPP-IV activity was decreased and LAP activity was increased in UD patients suggests the potential value for testing the levels of these enzymes for improved classification of patients. In addition, the changes in these enzymes, suggests that the proteolytic maturation of their proneuropeptide and prohormone subtrates may also be affected in UD, resulting in altered production of the associated bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingti Deng
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2GG, UK
| | - Jonathan R Lamb
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2GG, UK
| | - Astrid P Mckeown
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2GG, UK
| | - Sam Miller
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2GG, UK
| | - Pierandrea Muglia
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Via Fleming 4, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Paul C Guest
- Cambridge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Cambridge University, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QT, UK
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Cambridge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Cambridge University, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QT, UK
| | - Enrico Domenici
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Via Fleming 4, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Hassan Rahmoune
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2GG, UK; Cambridge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Cambridge University, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QT, UK.
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26
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Power RA, Cohen-Woods S, Ng MY, Butler AW, Craddock N, Korszun A, Jones L, Jones I, Gill M, Rice JP, Maier W, Zobel A, Mors O, Placentino A, Rietschel M, Aitchison KJ, Tozzi F, Muglia P, Breen G, Farmer AE, McGuffin P, Lewis CM, Uher R. Genome-wide association analysis accounting for environmental factors through propensity-score matching: application to stressful live events in major depressive disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:521-9. [PMID: 23857890 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Stressful life events are an established trigger for depression and may contribute to the heterogeneity within genome-wide association analyses. With depression cases showing an excess of exposure to stressful events compared to controls, there is difficulty in distinguishing between "true" cases and a "normal" response to a stressful environment. This potential contamination of cases, and that from genetically at risk controls that have not yet experienced environmental triggers for onset, may reduce the power of studies to detect causal variants. In the RADIANT sample of 3,690 European individuals, we used propensity score matching to pair cases and controls on exposure to stressful life events. In 805 case-control pairs matched on stressful life event, we tested the influence of 457,670 common genetic variants on the propensity to depression under comparable level of adversity with a sign test. While this analysis produced no significant findings after genome-wide correction for multiple testing, we outline a novel methodology and perspective for providing environmental context in genetic studies. We recommend contextualizing depression by incorporating environmental exposure into genome-wide analyses as a complementary approach to testing gene-environment interactions. Possible explanations for negative findings include a lack of statistical power due to small sample size and conditional effects, resulting from the low rate of adequate matching. Our findings underscore the importance of collecting information on environmental risk factors in studies of depression and other complex phenotypes, so that sufficient sample sizes are available to investigate their effect in genome-wide association analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Power
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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27
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Power RA, Wingenbach T, Cohen-Woods S, Uher R, Ng MY, Butler AW, Ising M, Craddock N, Owen MJ, Korszun A, Jones L, Jones I, Gill M, Rice JP, Maier W, Zobel A, Mors O, Placentino A, Rietschel M, Lucae S, Holsboer F, Binder EB, Keers R, Tozzi F, Muglia P, Breen G, Craig IW, Müller-Myhsok B, Kennedy JL, Strauss J, Vincent JB, Lewis CM, Farmer AE, McGuffin P. Estimating the heritability of reporting stressful life events captured by common genetic variants. Psychol Med 2013; 43:1965-1971. [PMID: 23237013 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712002589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although usually thought of as external environmental stressors, a significant heritable component has been reported for measures of stressful life events (SLEs) in twin studies. Method We examined the variance in SLEs captured by common genetic variants from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 2578 individuals. Genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) was used to estimate the phenotypic variance tagged by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We also performed a GWAS on the number of SLEs, and looked at correlations between siblings. RESULTS A significant proportion of variance in SLEs was captured by SNPs (30%, p = 0.04). When events were divided into those considered to be dependent or independent, an equal amount of variance was explained for both. This 'heritability' was in part confounded by personality measures of neuroticism and psychoticism. A GWAS for the total number of SLEs revealed one SNP that reached genome-wide significance (p = 4 × 10-8), although this association was not replicated in separate samples. Using available sibling data for 744 individuals, we also found a significant positive correlation of R 2 = 0.08 in SLEs (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS These results provide independent validation from molecular data for the heritability of reporting environmental measures, and show that this heritability is in part due to both common variants and the confounding effect of personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Power
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
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28
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Donohoe G, Walters J, Hargreaves A, Rose E, Morris D, Fahey C, Bellini S, Cummins E, Giegling I, Hartmann A, Möller HJ, Muglia P, Owen M, Gill M, O'Donovan M, Tropea D, Rujescu D, Corvin A. Neuropsychological effects of theCSMD1genome-wide associated schizophrenia risk variant rs10503253. Genes, Brain and Behavior 2013; 12:203-9. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Walters
- Department of Psychological Medicine; University of Cardiff; Cardiff; UK
| | - A. Hargreaves
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James Hospital; Dublin; Ireland
| | | | | | - C. Fahey
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James Hospital; Dublin; Ireland
| | - S. Bellini
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James Hospital; Dublin; Ireland
| | - E. Cummins
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James Hospital; Dublin; Ireland
| | - I. Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University of Munich (LMU); Munich; Germany
| | - A.M. Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University of Munich (LMU); Munich; Germany
| | - H.-J. Möller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University of Munich (LMU); Munich; Germany
| | - P. Muglia
- Medical Genetics; GlaxoSmithKline R&D; Verona; Italy
| | - M.J. Owen
- Department of Psychological Medicine; University of Cardiff; Cardiff; UK
| | | | - M.C. O'Donovan
- Department of Psychological Medicine; University of Cardiff; Cardiff; UK
| | - D. Tropea
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James Hospital; Dublin; Ireland
| | - D. Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University of Munich (LMU); Munich; Germany
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29
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Chen DT, Jiang X, Akula N, Shugart YY, Wendland JR, Steele CJM, Kassem L, Park JH, Chatterjee N, Jamain S, Cheng A, Leboyer M, Muglia P, Schulze TG, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Rietschel M, McMahon FJ, Farmer A, McGuffin P, Craig I, Lewis C, Hosang G, Cohen-Woods S, Vincent JB, Kennedy JL, Strauss J. Genome-wide association study meta-analysis of European and Asian-ancestry samples identifies three novel loci associated with bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:195-205. [PMID: 22182935 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Meta-analyses of bipolar disorder (BD) genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several genome-wide significant signals in European-ancestry samples, but so far account for little of the inherited risk. We performed a meta-analysis of ∼750,000 high-quality genetic markers on a combined sample of ∼14,000 subjects of European and Asian-ancestry (phase I). The most significant findings were further tested in an extended sample of ∼17,700 cases and controls (phase II). The results suggest novel association findings near the genes TRANK1 (LBA1), LMAN2L and PTGFR. In phase I, the most significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs9834970 near TRANK1, was significant at the P=2.4 × 10(-11) level, with no heterogeneity. Supportive evidence for prior association findings near ANK3 and a locus on chromosome 3p21.1 was also observed. The phase II results were similar, although the heterogeneity test became significant for several SNPs. On the basis of these results and other established risk loci, we used the method developed by Park et al. to estimate the number, and the effect size distribution, of BD risk loci that could still be found by GWAS methods. We estimate that >63,000 case-control samples would be needed to identify the ∼105 BD risk loci discoverable by GWAS, and that these will together explain <6% of the inherited risk. These results support previous GWAS findings and identify three new candidate genes for BD. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and may potentially lead to identification of functional variants. Sample size will remain a limiting factor in the discovery of common alleles associated with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Chen
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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30
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Rucker JJ, Breen G, Pinto D, Pedroso I, Lewis CM, Cohen-Woods S, Uher R, Schosser A, Rivera M, Aitchison KJ, Craddock N, Owen MJ, Jones L, Jones I, Korszun A, Muglia P, Barnes MR, Preisig M, Mors O, Gill M, Maier W, Rice J, Rietschel M, Holsboer F, Farmer AE, Craig IW, Scherer SW, McGuffin P. Genome-wide association analysis of copy number variation in recurrent depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:183-9. [PMID: 22042228 PMCID: PMC3939438 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Large, rare copy number variants (CNVs) have been implicated in a variety of psychiatric disorders, but the role of CNVs in recurrent depression is unclear. We performed a genome-wide analysis of large, rare CNVs in 3106 cases of recurrent depression, 459 controls screened for lifetime-absence of psychiatric disorder and 5619 unscreened controls from phase 2 of the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC2). We compared the frequency of cases with CNVs against the frequency observed in each control group, analysing CNVs over the whole genome, genic, intergenic, intronic and exonic regions. We found that deletion CNVs were associated with recurrent depression, whereas duplications were not. The effect was significant when comparing cases with WTCCC2 controls (P=7.7 × 10(-6), odds ratio (OR) =1.25 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-1.37)) and to screened controls (P=5.6 × 10(-4), OR=1.52 (95% CI 1.20-1.93). Further analysis showed that CNVs deleting protein coding regions were largely responsible for the association. Within an analysis of regions previously implicated in schizophrenia, we found an overall enrichment of CNVs in our cases when compared with screened controls (P=0.019). We observe an ordered increase of samples with deletion CNVs, with the lowest proportion seen in screened controls, the next highest in unscreened controls and the highest in cases. This may suggest that the absence of deletion CNVs, especially in genes, is associated with resilience to recurrent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J.H. Rucker
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, UK
,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Dalila Pinto
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, MaRS Centre–East Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Inti Pedroso
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, UK
,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Sarah Cohen-Woods
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Rudolf Uher
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Schosser
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, UK
,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarita Rivera
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, UK
,CIBERSAM, University of Granada, Section of Psychiatry, Institute of Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), Granada, Spain
| | - Katherine J. Aitchison
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Nick Craddock
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University
| | - Michael J. Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University
| | - Lisa Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian Jones
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University
| | - Ania Korszun
- Barts and The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Martin Preisig
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ole Mors
- Centre of Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Mike Gill
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - John Rice
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis, USA
| | | | | | - Anne E. Farmer
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, UK
,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ian W. Craig
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, MaRS Centre–East Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter McGuffin
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, UK
,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
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Power RA, Keers R, Ng MY, Butler AW, Uher R, Cohen-Woods S, Ising M, Craddock N, Owen MJ, Korszun A, Jones L, Jones I, Gill M, Rice JP, Hauser J, Henigsberg N, Maier W, Zobel A, Mors O, Placentino AS, Rietschel M, Souery D, Kozel D, Preisig M, Lucae S, Binder EB, Aitchison KJ, Tozzi F, Muglia P, Breen G, Craig IW, Farmer AE, Müller-Myhsok B, McGuffin P, Lewis CM. Dissecting the genetic heterogeneity of depression through age at onset. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:859-68. [PMID: 22915352 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide studies in major depression have identified few replicated associations, potentially due to heterogeneity within the disorder. Several studies have suggested that age at onset (AAO) can distinguish sub-types of depression with specific heritable components. This paper investigates the role of AAO in the genetic susceptibility for depression using genome-wide association data on 2,746 cases and 1,594 screened controls from the RADIANT studies, with replication performed in 1,471 cases and 1,403 controls from two Munich studies. Three methods were used to analyze AAO: First a time-to-event analysis with controls censored, secondly comparing controls to case-subsets defined using AAO cut-offs, and lastly analyzing AAO as a quantitative trait. In the time-to-event analysis three SNPs reached suggestive significance (P < 5E-06), overlapping with the original case-control analysis of this study. In a case-control analysis using AAO thresholds, SNPs in 10 genomic regions showed suggestive association though again none reached genome-wide significance. Lastly, case-only analysis of AAO as a quantitative trait resulted in 5 SNPs reaching suggestive significance. Sex specific analysis was performed as a secondary analysis, yielding one SNP reaching genome-wide significance in early-onset males. No SNPs achieved significance in the replication study after correction for multiple testing. Analysis of AAO as a quantitative trait did suggest that, across all SNPs, common genetic variants explained a large proportion of the variance (51%, P = 0.04). This study provides the first focussed analysis of the genetic contribution to AAO in depression, and establishes a statistical framework that can be applied to a quantitative trait underlying any disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Power
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate that human overeating is not just a passive response to salient environmental triggers and powerful physiological drives; it is also about making choices. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex has been strongly implicated in the neural circuitry necessary for making advantageous decisions when various options for action are available. Decision-making deficits have been found in patients with ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions and in those with substance dependence--impairments that reflect an inability to advantageously assess future consequences. That is, they choose immediate rewards in the face of future long-term negative consequences. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES We extended this research to the study of overeating and overweight, testing a regression model that predicted that poor decision making (as assessed by a validated computerized gambling task) and a tendency to overeat under stress would correlate with higher BMI in a group of healthy adult women (N = 41) representing a broad range of body weights. RESULTS We found statistically significant main effects for both independent variables in the predicted direction (p < 0.05; R2 = 0.35). Indeed, the decision-making impairments across the 100 trials of the computer task were greater in those with high BMI than in previous studies with drug addicts. DISCUSSION Findings suggested that cortical and subcortical processes, which regulate one's ability to inhibit short-term rewards when the long-term consequences are deleterious, may also influence eating behaviors in a culture dominated by so many, and such varied, sources of palatable and calorically dense sources of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Davis
- York University, 343 Bethune College, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
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Inkster B, Rao AW, Ridler K, Filippini N, Whitcher B, Nichols TE, Wetten S, Gibson RA, Borrie M, Kertesz A, Guzman DA, Loy-English I, Williams J, Saemann PG, Auer DP, Holsboer F, Tozzi F, Muglia P, Merlo-Pich E, Matthews PM. Genetic variation in GOLM1 and prefrontal cortical volume in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:457-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Inkster B, Rao AW, Ridler K, Nichols TE, Saemann PG, Auer DP, Holsboer F, Tozzi F, Muglia P, Merlo-Pich E, Matthews PM. Structural brain changes in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder presenting with anxiety symptoms. J Neuroimaging 2011; 21:375-82. [PMID: 20977527 DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2010.00515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Major depressive disorder (MDD) presents with extensive clinical heterogeneity. In particular, overlap with anxiety symptoms is common during depressive episodes and as a comorbid disorder. The aim of this study was to test for morphological brain differences between patients having a history of recurrent MDD with, and without, anxiety symptoms (MDD+A and MDD-A). METHODS T1-weighted magnetic resonance images of age-, gender- and ethnically matched groups of MDD+A (n= 49) and MDD-A (n= 96) patients were available for voxel-based morphometry analysis of regional gray matter (GM) volume differences. Brain structural images were also contrasted with 183 age-, gender-, and ethnicity-matched healthy controls. RESULTS MDD+A patients had greater GM volume (P(FWE) = .002) than MDD-A patients in the right temporal cortex extending from the mid-posterior superior temporal gyrus into the posterior middle and inferior temporal gyrus. The MDD patients together showed lower GM volume than healthy controls in the superior parietal lobe. CONCLUSIONS Regional volume differences in patients are consistent with altered neuronal or glial microstructure. The temporolateral cortical differences distinguishing the 2 MDD groups suggest neurobiological differences related to the expression of anxiety symptoms in depression and provide further rationale for considering these groups independently for therapeutic outcomes studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Inkster
- GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Imaging Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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Maher BS, Vladimirov VI, Latendresse SJ, Thiselton DL, McNamee R, Kang M, Bigdeli TB, Chen X, Riley BP, Hettema JM, Chilcoat H, Heidbreder C, Muglia P, Murrelle EL, Dick DM, Aliev F, Agrawal A, Edenberg HJ, Kramer J, Nurnberger J, Tischfield JA, Devlin B, Ferrell RE, Kirillova GP, Tarter RE, Kendler KS, Vanyukov MM. The AVPR1A gene and substance use disorders: association, replication, and functional evidence. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 70:519-27. [PMID: 21514569 PMCID: PMC4083653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liability to addiction has been shown to be highly genetically correlated across drug classes, suggesting nondrug-specific mechanisms. METHODS In 757 subjects, we performed association analysis between 1536 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 106 candidate genes and a drug use disorder diagnosis (DUD). RESULTS Associations (p ≤ .0008) were detected with three SNPs in the arginine vasopressin 1A receptor gene, AVPR1A, with a gene-wise p value of 3 × 10(-5). Bioinformatic evidence points to a role for rs11174811 (microRNA binding site disruption) in AVPR1A function. Based on literature implicating AVPR1A in social bonding, we tested spousal satisfaction as a mediator of the association of rs11174811 with the DUD. Spousal satisfaction was significantly associated with DUD in males (p < .0001). The functional AVPR1A SNP, rs11174811, was associated with spousal satisfaction in males (p = .007). Spousal satisfaction was a significant mediator of the relationship between rs11174811 and DUD. We also present replication of the association in males between rs11174811 and substance use in one clinically ascertained (n = 1399) and one epidemiologic sample (n = 2231). The direction of the association is consistent across the clinically-ascertained samples but reversed in the epidemiologic sample. Lastly, we found a significant impact of rs11174811 genotype on AVPR1A expression in a postmortem brain sample. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study call for expansion of research into the role of the arginine vasopressin and other neuropeptide system variation in DUD liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brion S Maher
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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Muglia P. From genes to therapeutic targets for psychiatric disorders - what to expect? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2011; 11:563-71. [PMID: 21893430 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders as schizophrenia, autism and mood disorders represent one of the leading causes of disability. The cost of bringing a drug to the market is increasing and becoming more risky. Pharmaceutical investments in neuroscience are decreasing. At the same time we are facing an unprecedented rate of discovery in human genetics. Genes predisposing for common diseases including psychiatric disorders are being identified. The knowledge derived from the identification of genes relevant for psychiatric disorders holds the promise of providing truly innovative therapeutic interventions. The process of approving new psychiatric drugs, is however complex, lengthy and requires a well orchestrated and funded effort of multiple disciplines. In this article a brief overview of the key learning obtained from the conduction genome-wide association studies, thus far, is given in an attempt to provide a realistic view on the potential contribution of human genetics to drug discovery in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierandrea Muglia
- NeuroSearch A/S, Denmark & the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Schosser A, Gaysina D, Cohen-Woods S, Domenici E, Perry J, Tozzi F, Korszun A, Gunasinghe C, Gray J, Jones L, Binder EB, Holsboer F, Craddock N, Owen MJ, Craig IW, Farmer AE, Muglia P, McGuffin P. A follow-up case-control association study of tractable (druggable) genes in recurrent major depression. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2011; 156B:640-50. [PMID: 21630437 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The High-Throughput Disease-specific target Identification Program (HiTDIP) aimed to study case-control association samples for 18 common diseases. Here we present the results of a follow-up case-control association study of HiTDIP in major depressive disorder (MDD). The HiTDIP in MDD was conducted in a sample of 974 cases of recurrent MDD of white German origin collected at the Max-Planck Institute (MP-GSK) and 968 ethnically matched controls screened for lifetime absence of depression. Six genes were identified as of interest for a follow-up, based on the strength of the association and based on the interest as potential candidate target for developing new treatment for depression: Solute Carrier Family 4 Member 10 (SLC4A10), Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP4), Dopamine Receptor D3 (DRD3), Zinc Finger Protein 80 (ZNF80), Nitric Oxide Synthase 2A (NOS2A) and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma, Coactivator 1, Alpha (PPARGC1A). Within the current study, we attempted to follow-up these findings in a sample from the UK, the Depression Case Control (DeCC) sample consisting of 1,196 cases and 842 screened controls, phenotyped using exactly the same methods as the MP-GSK sample. Performing Cochran-Mantel-Haenzel statistics to test for genotypic and/or allelic differences between the DeCC and MP-GSK samples, we found no significant differences, thus being able to combine the two samples for association testing. In the combined sample of 2,170 MDD cases and 1,810 controls, there were positive findings in the Nitric Oxide Synthase 2A (NOS2A) gene both using single SNP analysis and haplotype analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schosser
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, UK.
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38
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Curran S, Bolton P, Rozsnyai K, Chiocchetti A, Klauck SM, Duketis E, Poustka F, Schlitt S, Freitag CM, Lee I, Muglia P, Poot M, Staal W, de Jonge MV, Ophoff RA, Lewis C, Skuse D, Mandy W, Vassos E, Fossdal R, Magnusson P, Hreidarsson S, Saemundsen E, Stefansson H, Stefansson K, Collier D. No association between a common single nucleotide polymorphism, rs4141463, in the MACROD2 gene and autism spectrum disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2011; 156B:633-9. [PMID: 21656903 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The Autism Genome Project (AGP) Consortium recently reported genome-wide significant association between autism and an intronic single nucleotide polymorphism marker, rs4141463, within the MACROD2 gene. In the present study we attempted to replicate this finding using an independent case-control design of 1,170 cases with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (874 of which fulfilled narrow criteria for Autism (A)) from five centers within Europe (UK, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, and Iceland), and 35,307 controls. The combined sample size gave us a non-centrality parameter (NCP) of 11.9, with 93% power to detect allelic association of rs4141463 at an alpha of 0.05 with odds ratio of 0.84 (the best odds ratio estimate of the AGP Consortium data), and for the narrow diagnosis of autism, an NCP of 8.9 and power of 85%. Our case-control data were analyzed for association, stratified by each center, and the summary statistics were combined using the meta-analysis program, GWAMA. This resulted in an odds ratio (OR) of 1.03 (95% CI 0.944-1.133), with a P-value of 0.5 for ASD and OR of 0.99 (95% CI 0.88-1.11) with P-value = 0.85 for the Autism (A) sub-group. Therefore, this study does not provide support for the reported association between rs4141463 and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Curran
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, UK.
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Breen G, Webb BT, Butler AW, van den Oord EJCG, Tozzi F, Craddock N, Gill M, Korszun A, Maier W, Middleton L, Mors O, Owen MJ, Cohen-Woods S, Perry J, Galwey NW, Upmanyu R, Craig I, Lewis CM, Ng M, Brewster S, Preisig M, Rietschel M, Jones L, Knight J, Rice J, Muglia P, Farmer AE, McGuffin P. A genome-wide significant linkage for severe depression on chromosome 3: the depression network study. Am J Psychiatry 2011; 168:840-7. [PMID: 21572164 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10091342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to find loci for major depression via linkage analysis of a large sibling pair sample. METHOD The authors conducted a genome-wide linkage analysis of 839 families consisting of 971 affected sibling pairs with severe recurrent major depression, comprising waves I and II of the Depression Network Study cohort. In addition to examining affected status, linkage analyses in the full data set were performed using diagnoses restricted by impairment severity, and association mapping of hits in a large case-control data set was attempted. RESULTS The authors identified genome-wide significant linkage to chromosome 3p25-26 when the diagnoses were restricted by severity, which was a maximum LOD score of 4.0 centered at the linkage marker D3S1515. The linkage signal identified was genome-wide significant after correction for the multiple phenotypes tested, although subsequent association mapping of the region in a genome-wide association study of a U.K. depression sample did not provide significant results. CONCLUSIONS The authors report a genome-wide significant locus for depression that implicates genes that are highly plausible for involvement in the etiology of recurrent depression. Despite the fact that association mapping in the region was negative, the linkage finding was replicated by another group who found genome-wide-significant linkage for depression in the same region. This suggests that 3p25-26 is a new locus for severe recurrent depression. This represents the first report of a genome-wide significant locus for depression that also has an independent genome-wide significant replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerome Breen
- Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London
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Steinberg S, de Jong S, Andreassen OA, Werge T, Børglum AD, Mors O, Mortensen PB, Gustafsson O, Costas J, Pietiläinen OPH, Demontis D, Papiol S, Huttenlocher J, Mattheisen M, Breuer R, Vassos E, Giegling I, Fraser G, Walker N, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Suvisaari J, Lönnqvist J, Paunio T, Agartz I, Melle I, Djurovic S, Strengman E, Jürgens G, Glenthøj B, Terenius L, Hougaard DM, Ørntoft T, Wiuf C, Didriksen M, Hollegaard MV, Nordentoft M, van Winkel R, Kenis G, Abramova L, Kaleda V, Arrojo M, Sanjuán J, Arango C, Sperling S, Rossner M, Ribolsi M, Magni V, Siracusano A, Christiansen C, Kiemeney LA, Veldink J, van den Berg L, Ingason A, Muglia P, Murray R, Nöthen MM, Sigurdsson E, Petursson H, Thorsteinsdottir U, Kong A, Rubino IA, De Hert M, Réthelyi JM, Bitter I, Jönsson EG, Golimbet V, Carracedo A, Ehrenreich H, Craddock N, Owen MJ, O'Donovan MC, Ruggeri M, Tosato S, Peltonen L, Ophoff RA, Collier DA, St Clair D, Rietschel M, Cichon S, Stefansson H, Rujescu D, Stefansson K. Common variants at VRK2 and TCF4 conferring risk of schizophrenia. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:4076-81. [PMID: 21791550 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Common sequence variants have recently joined rare structural polymorphisms as genetic factors with strong evidence for association with schizophrenia. Here we extend our previous genome-wide association study and meta-analysis (totalling 7 946 cases and 19 036 controls) by examining an expanded set of variants using an enlarged follow-up sample (up to 10 260 cases and 23 500 controls). In addition to previously reported alleles in the major histocompatibility complex region, near neurogranin (NRGN) and in an intron of transcription factor 4 (TCF4), we find two novel variants showing genome-wide significant association: rs2312147[C], upstream of vaccinia-related kinase 2 (VRK2) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, P = 1.9 × 10(-9)] and rs4309482[A], between coiled-coiled domain containing 68 (CCDC68) and TCF4, about 400 kb from the previously described risk allele, but not accounted for by its association (OR = 1.09, P = 7.8 × 10(-9)).
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Schosser A, Butler AW, Ising M, Perroud N, Uher R, Ng MY, Cohen-Woods S, Craddock N, Owen MJ, Korszun A, Jones L, Jones I, Gill M, Rice JP, Maier W, Mors O, Rietschel M, Lucae S, Binder EB, Preisig M, Perry J, Tozzi F, Muglia P, Aitchison KJ, Breen G, Craig IW, Farmer AE, Müller-Myhsok B, McGuffin P, Lewis CM. Genomewide association scan of suicidal thoughts and behaviour in major depression. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20690. [PMID: 21750702 PMCID: PMC3130038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suicidal behaviour can be conceptualised as a continuum from suicidal ideation, to suicidal attempts to completed suicide. In this study we identify genes contributing to suicidal behaviour in the depression study RADIANT. Methodology/Principal Findings A quantitative suicidality score was composed of two items from the SCAN interview. In addition, the 251 depression cases with a history of serious suicide attempts were classified to form a discrete trait. The quantitative trait was correlated with younger onset of depression and number of episodes of depression, but not with gender. A genome-wide association study of 2,023 depression cases was performed to identify genes that may contribute to suicidal behaviour. Two Munich depression studies were used as replication cohorts to test the most strongly associated SNPs. No SNP was associated at genome-wide significance level. For the quantitative trait, evidence of association was detected at GFRA1, a receptor for the neurotrophin GDRA (p = 2e-06). For the discrete trait of suicide attempt, SNPs in KIAA1244 and RGS18 attained p-values of <5e-6. None of these SNPs showed evidence for replication in the additional cohorts tested. Candidate gene analysis provided some support for a polymorphism in NTRK2, which was previously associated with suicidality. Conclusions/Significance This study provides a genome-wide assessment of possible genetic contribution to suicidal behaviour in depression but indicates a genetic architecture of multiple genes with small effects. Large cohorts will be required to dissect this further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schosser
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amy W. Butler
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Marcus Ising
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Nader Perroud
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf Uher
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mandy Y. Ng
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Cohen-Woods
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Craddock
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ania Korszun
- Barts and The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropharmacology and Neurobiology Section, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Jones
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Gill
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John P. Rice
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ole Mors
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Preisig
- University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julia Perry
- GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Stockley Park, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pierandrea Muglia
- GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Verona, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- NeuroSearch A/S, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Katherine J. Aitchison
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerome Breen
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian W. Craig
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne E. Farmer
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter McGuffin
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Dixson L, Ridler K, Nichols TE, Saemann PG, Auer DP, Holsboer F, Muglia P, Matthews PM, Inkster B. Thyroid hormone transporter genes and grey matter changes in patients with major depressive disorder and healthy controls. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2011; 36:929-34. [PMID: 21208750 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies have established links between thyroid gland dysfunction and mood disorders, in particular major depressive disorder (MDD). Preliminary evidence also suggests that thyroid hormone gene variants influence grey matter (GM) volume, which is reportedly altered in patients with MDD. This study tested for associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two thyroid hormone transporter genes with regional GM volume differences in a large sample population of patients with recurrent MDD and healthy volunteers. METHODS High-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were acquired at the Max Planck Institute, Munich, Germany. After quality control procedures were applied to images and genotypes, data for 134 patients and 144 well-matched controls were included in a stringent voxel-based morphometry analysis using non-stationary cluster-based inference. We first tested for associations between 10 candidate SNPs and regional GM volume differences across the combined sample population. We then tested for group-by-genotype interactions (i.e., differential associations determined by group status). RESULTS No significant associations were found between SNPs and regional GM volume when testing across the combined sample population. However, group-by-genotype interactions for two highly correlated SNPs (rs496549 and rs479640) revealed co-localised association clusters in the left occipital cortex (P-values 0.002 and 0.004, respectively, after full correction for whole brain and multiple SNP testing). The effect magnitudes within the average modulated GM clusters were greater in the control group relative to the MDD group. This study provides supporting evidence to the existing literature that thyroid-related gene variants influence regional GM volume. We propose that future studies should consider neuroimaging phenotypes when investigating the effects of thyroid hormones on brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luanna Dixson
- GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Imaging Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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Nicodemus KK, Callicott JH, Higier RG, Luna A, Nixon DC, Lipska BK, Vakkalanka R, Giegling I, Rujescu D, St Clair D, Muglia P, Shugart YY, Weinberger DR. Evidence of statistical epistasis between DISC1, CIT and NDEL1 impacting risk for schizophrenia: biological validation with functional neuroimaging. Hum Genet 2011; 127:441-52. [PMID: 20084519 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of schizophrenia likely involves genetic interactions. DISC1, a promising candidate susceptibility gene, encodes a protein which interacts with many other proteins, including CIT, NDEL1, NDE1, FEZ1 and PAFAH1B1, some of which also have been associated with psychosis. We tested for epistasis between these genes in a schizophrenia case-control study using machine learning algorithms (MLAs: random forest, generalized boosted regression andMonteCarlo logic regression). Convergence of MLAs revealed a subset of seven SNPs that were subjected to 2-SNP interaction modeling using likelihood ratio tests for nested unconditional logistic regression models. Of the 7C2 = 21 interactions, four were significant at the α = 0.05 level: DISC1 rs1411771-CIT rs10744743 OR = 3.07 (1.37, 6.98) p = 0.007; CIT rs3847960-CIT rs203332 OR = 2.90 (1.45, 5.79) p = 0.003; CIT rs3847960-CIT rs440299 OR = 2.16 (1.04, 4.46) p = 0.038; one survived Bonferroni correction (NDEL1 rs4791707-CIT rs10744743 OR = 4.44 (2.22, 8.88) p = 0.00013). Three of four interactions were validated via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in an independent sample of healthy controls; risk associated alleles at both SNPs predicted prefrontal cortical inefficiency during the N-back task, a schizophrenia-linked intermediate biological phenotype: rs3847960-rs440299; rs1411771-rs10744743, rs4791707-rs10744743 (SPM5 p < 0.05, corrected), although we were unable to statistically replicate the interactions in other clinical samples. Interestingly, the CIT SNPs are proximal to exons that encode theDISC1 interaction domain. In addition, the 3' UTR DISC1 rs1411771 is predicted to be an exonic splicing enhancer and the NDEL1 SNP is ~3,000 bp from the exon encoding the region of NDEL1 that interacts with the DISC1 protein, giving a plausible biological basis for epistasis signals validated by fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin K Nicodemus
- Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Ingason A, Kirov G, Giegling I, Hansen T, Isles AR, Jakobsen KD, Kristinsson KT, le Roux L, Gustafsson O, Craddock N, Möller HJ, McQuillin A, Muglia P, Cichon S, Rietschel M, Ophoff RA, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA, Pietiläinen OP, Peltonen L, Dempster E, Collier DA, St. Clair D, Rasmussen HB, Glenthøj BY, Kiemeney LA, Franke B, Tosato S, Bonetto C, Saemundsen E, Hreidarsson SJ, Nöthen MM, Gurling H, O’Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Sigurdsson E, Petursson H, Stefansson H, Rujescu D, Stefansson K, Werge T. Maternally derived microduplications at 15q11-q13: implication of imprinted genes in psychotic illness. Am J Psychiatry 2011; 168:408-17. [PMID: 21324950 PMCID: PMC3428917 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09111660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rare copy number variants have been implicated in different neurodevelopmental disorders, with the same copy number variants often increasing risk of more than one of these phenotypes. In a discovery sample of 22 schizophrenia patients with an early onset of illness (10-15 years of age), the authors observed in one patient a maternally derived 15q11-q13 duplication overlapping the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome critical region. This prompted investigation of the role of 15q11-q13 duplications in psychotic illness. METHOD The authors scanned 7,582 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 41,370 comparison subjects without known psychiatric illness for copy number variants at 15q11-q13 and determined the parental origin of duplications using methylation-sensitive Southern hybridization analysis. RESULTS Duplications were found in four case patients and five comparison subjects. All four case patients had maternally derived duplications (0.05%), while only three of the five comparison duplications were maternally derived (0.007%), resulting in a significant excess of maternally derived duplications in case patients (odds ratio=7.3). This excess is compatible with earlier observations that risk for psychosis in people with Prader-Willi syndrome caused by maternal uniparental disomy is much higher than in those caused by deletion of the paternal chromosome. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the presence of two maternal copies of a fragment of chromosome 15q11.2-q13.1 that overlaps with the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome critical region may be a rare risk factor for schizophrenia and other psychoses. Given that maternal duplications of this region are among the most consistent cytogenetic observations in autism, the findings provide further support for a shared genetic etiology between autism and psychosis.
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45
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Dow DJ, Huxley-Jones J, Hall JM, Francks C, Maycox PR, Kew JNC, Gloger IS, Mehta NAL, Kelly FM, Muglia P, Breen G, Jugurnauth S, Pederoso I, St Clair D, Rujescu D, Barnes MR. ADAMTSL3 as a candidate gene for schizophrenia: gene sequencing and ultra-high density association analysis by imputation. Schizophr Res 2011; 127:28-34. [PMID: 21239144 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported an association with a putative functional variant in the ADAMTSL3 gene, just below genome-wide significance in a genome-wide association study of schizophrenia. As variants impacting the function of ADAMTSL3 (a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease domain with thrombospondin type I motifs-like-3) could illuminate a novel disease mechanism and a potentially specific target, we have used complementary approaches to further evaluate the association. We imputed genotypes and performed high density association analysis using data from the HapMap and 1000 genomes projects. To review all variants that could potentially cause the association, and to identify additional possible pathogenic rare variants, we sequenced ADAMTSL3 in 92 schizophrenics. A total of 71 ADAMTSL3 variants were identified by sequencing, many were also seen in the 1000 genomes data, but 26 were novel. None of the variants identified by re-sequencing was in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the associated markers. Imputation analysis refined association between ADAMTSL3 and schizophrenia, and highlighted additional common variants with similar levels of association. We evaluated the functional consequences of all variants identified by sequencing, or showing direct or imputed association. The strongest evidence for function remained with the originally associated variant, rs950169, suggesting that this variant may be causal of the association. Rare variants were also identified with possible functional impact. Our study confirms ADAMTSL3 as a candidate for further investigation in schizophrenia, using the variants identified here. The utility of imputation analysis is demonstrated, and we recommend wider use of this method to re-evaluate the existing canon of suggestive schizophrenia associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Dow
- Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, New Frontiers Science Park (North), Third Avenue, Harlow, CM19 5AW, UK.
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46
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Tozzi F, Manchia M, Galwey NW, Severino G, Del Zompo M, Day R, Matthews K, Strauss J, Kennedy JL, McGuffin P, Vincent JB, Farmer A, Muglia P. Admixture analysis of age at onset in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2011; 185:27-32. [PMID: 20580841 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify whether age at onset (AAO) identifies Bipolar Disorder (BD) subtypes, and to test whether the subgroups were confirmed by different clinical profiles. Admixture analysis was applied to determine a model that best fit the observed distribution of AAO in 964 BD patients. Three distributions of AAO were identified, and age means were 16.1 (S.D. 4.2), 25.4 (S.D. 2.5) and 32.2 (S.D. 9.5) years. A significant increased rate of suicide attempts, Bipolar I (BD I) caseness, and depressive onset was observed in the early-onset group when compared to those with later-onset by means of χ². Findings from extant studies and our results are remarkably consistent in showing that BD can be subdivided into three groups based on AAO distributions, and that early-onset is associated with higher rates of suicide attempts.
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Kähler AK, Djurovic S, Rimol LM, Brown AA, Athanasiu L, Jönsson EG, Hansen T, Gústafsson O, Hall H, Giegling I, Muglia P, Cichon S, Rietschel M, Pietiläinen OPH, Peltonen L, Bramon E, Collier D, St Clair D, Sigurdsson E, Petursson H, Rujescu D, Melle I, Werge T, Steen VM, Dale AM, Matthews RT, Agartz I, Andreassen OA. Candidate gene analysis of the human natural killer-1 carbohydrate pathway and perineuronal nets in schizophrenia: B3GAT2 is associated with disease risk and cortical surface area. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 69:90-6. [PMID: 20950796 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Human Natural Killer-1 carbohydrate (HNK-1) is involved in neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity. Extracellular matrix structures called perineuronal nets, condensed around subsets of neurons and proximal dendrites during brain maturation, regulate synaptic transmission and plasticity. METHODS Ten genes of importance for HNK-1 biosynthesis (B3GAT1, B3GAT2, and CHST10) or for the formation of perineuronal nets (TNR, BCAN, NCAN, HAPLN1, HAPLN2, HAPLN3, and HAPLN4) were investigated for potential involvement in schizophrenia (SCZ) susceptibility, by genotyping 104 tagSNPs in the Scandinavian Collaboration on Psychiatric Etiology sample (849 cases; 1602 control subjects). Genome-wide association study imputation data from the European SGENE-plus sample (2663 cases; 13,498 control subjects) were used for comparison. The effect of SCZ risk alleles on brain structure was investigated in a Norwegian subset (98 cases; 177 control subjects) with structural magnetic resonance imaging data. RESULTS Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), located in two adjacent estimated linkage disequilibrium blocks in the first intron of β-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 2 (B3GAT2), were nominally associated with SCZ (.004 ≤ P(empirical) ≤ .05). The rs2460691 was significantly associated in the comparison sample and in the meta-analysis after correction for all 121 SNP/haplotype tests (P(raw) = 1 × 10(-4); P(corrected) = .018). Increased dosage of the rs2460691 SCZ risk allele was associated with decreased cortical area (p = .002) but not thickness or hippocampal volume. A second SNP (r(2) = .24 with rs10945275), which conferred the highest SCZ risk effect in the Norwegian subset, was also associated with cortical area. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that effects on biosynthesis of the neuronal epitope HNK-1, through common B3GAT2 variation, could increase the risk of SCZ, possibly by decreasing cortical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Kähler
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital-Ulleval, Norway.
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48
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Ingason A, Rujescu D, Cichon S, Sigurdsson E, Sigmundsson T, Pietiläinen OPH, Buizer-Voskamp JE, Strengman E, Francks C, Muglia P, Gylfason A, Gustafsson O, Olason PI, Steinberg S, Hansen T, Jakobsen KD, Rasmussen HB, Giegling I, Möller HJ, Hartmann A, Crombie C, Fraser G, Walker N, Lonnqvist J, Suvisaari J, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Bramon E, Kiemeney LA, Franke B, Murray R, Vassos E, Toulopoulou T, Mühleisen TW, Tosato S, Ruggeri M, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA, Zhang Z, Werge T, Ophoff RA, Rietschel M, Nöthen MM, Petursson H, Stefansson H, Peltonen L, Collier D, Stefansson K, St Clair DM. Copy number variations of chromosome 16p13.1 region associated with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2011; 16:17-25. [PMID: 19786961 PMCID: PMC3330746 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2009.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Deletions and reciprocal duplications of the chromosome 16p13.1 region have recently been reported in several cases of autism and mental retardation (MR). As genomic copy number variants found in these two disorders may also associate with schizophrenia, we examined 4345 schizophrenia patients and 35,079 controls from 8 European populations for duplications and deletions at the 16p13.1 locus, using microarray data. We found a threefold excess of duplications and deletions in schizophrenia cases compared with controls, with duplications present in 0.30% of cases versus 0.09% of controls (P=0.007) and deletions in 0.12 % of cases and 0.04% of controls (P>0.05). The region can be divided into three intervals defined by flanking low copy repeats. Duplications spanning intervals I and II showed the most significant (P = 0.00010) association with schizophrenia. The age of onset in duplication and deletion carriers among cases ranged from 12 to 35 years, and the majority were males with a family history of psychiatric disorders. In a single Icelandic family, a duplication spanning intervals I and II was present in two cases of schizophrenia, and individual cases of alcoholism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and dyslexia. Candidate genes in the region include NTAN1 and NDE1. We conclude that duplications and perhaps also deletions of chromosome 16p13.1, previously reported to be associated with autism and MR, also confer risk of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ingason
- deCODE genetics, Reykjavík, Iceland
,Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - D Rujescu
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University and Genetics Research Centre GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - S Cichon
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - E Sigurdsson
- Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - T Sigmundsson
- Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - OPH Pietiläinen
- Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - JE Buizer-Voskamp
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
,Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Strengman
- Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Francks
- Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy
| | - P Muglia
- Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - T Hansen
- Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - KD Jakobsen
- Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - HB Rasmussen
- Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - I Giegling
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University and Genetics Research Centre GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - H-J Möller
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University and Genetics Research Centre GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - A Hartmann
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University and Genetics Research Centre GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - C Crombie
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - G Fraser
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - N Walker
- Ravenscraig Hospital, Greenock, Scotland
| | - J Lonnqvist
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Suvisaari
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Tuulio-Henriksson
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Bramon
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK
| | - LA Kiemeney
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (133 EPIB)/Department of Urology (659 URO), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R Murray
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK
| | - E Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK
| | - T Toulopoulou
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK
| | - TW Mühleisen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Tosato
- Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - M Ruggeri
- Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - S Djurovic
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
,Departments of Medical Genetics and Psychiatry, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - OA Andreassen
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
,Departments of Medical Genetics and Psychiatry, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Statistics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T Werge
- Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - RA Ophoff
- Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
,UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics and Department of Human Genetics, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - M Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - MM Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H Petursson
- Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - L Peltonen
- Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
,The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D Collier
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK
| | | | - DM St Clair
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
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Nicodemus KK, Law AJ, Radulescu E, Luna A, Kolachana B, Vakkalanka R, Rujescu D, Giegling I, Straub RE, McGee K, Gold B, Dean M, Muglia P, Callicott JH, Tan HY, Weinberger DR. Biological validation of increased schizophrenia risk with NRG1, ERBB4, and AKT1 epistasis via functional neuroimaging in healthy controls. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 67:991-1001. [PMID: 20921115 DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT NRG1 is a schizophrenia candidate gene and plays an important role in brain development and neural function. Schizophrenia is a complex disorder, with etiology likely due to epistasis. OBJECTIVE To examine epistasis between NRG1 and selected N-methyl-d-aspartate-glutamate pathway partners implicated in its effects, including ERBB4, AKT1, DLG4, NOS1, and NOS1AP. DESIGN Schizophrenia case-control sample analyzed using machine learning algorithms and logistic regression with follow-up using neuroimaging on an independent sample of healthy controls. PARTICIPANTS A referred sample of schizophrenic patients (n = 296) meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia spectrum disorder and a volunteer sample of controls for case-control comparison (n = 365) and a separate volunteer sample of controls for neuroimaging (n = 172). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Epistatic association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and case-control status; epistatic association between SNPs and the blood oxygen level-dependent physiological response during working memory measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS We observed interaction between NRG1 5' and 3' SNPs rs4560751 and rs3802160 (likelihood ratio test P = .00020) and schizophrenia, which was validated using functional magnetic resonance imaging of working memory in healthy controls; carriers of risk-associated genotypes showed inefficient processing in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (P = .015, familywise error corrected). We observed epistasis between NRG1 (rs10503929; Thr286/289/294Met) and its receptor ERBB4 (rs1026882; likelihood ratio test P = .035); a 3-way interaction with these 2 SNPs and AKT1 (rs2494734) was also observed (odds ratio, 27.13; 95% confidence interval, 3.30-223.03; likelihood ratio test P = .042). These same 2- and 3-way interactions were further biologically validated via functional magnetic resonance imaging: healthy individuals carrying risk genotypes for NRG1 and ERBB4, or these 2 together with AKT1, were disproportionately less efficient in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex processing. Lower-level interactions were not observed between NRG1 /ERBB4 and AKT1 in association or neuroimaging, consistent with biological evidence that NRG1 × ERBB4 interaction modulates downstream AKT1 signaling. CONCLUSION Our data suggest complex epistatic effects implicating an NRG1 molecular pathway in cognitive brain function and the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin K Nicodemus
- Genes, Cognition, and Psychosis Program, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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50
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Cohen-Woods S, Craig I, Gaysina D, Gray J, Gunasinghe C, Craddock N, Elkin A, Jones L, Kennedy J, King N, Korszun A, Knight J, Owen M, Parikh S, Strauss J, Sterne A, Tozzi F, Perry J, Muglia P, Vincent J, McGuffin P, Farmer A. The Bipolar Association Case-Control Study (BACCS) and meta-analysis: No association with the 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and bipolar disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:1298-304. [PMID: 20552676 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex genetic disease for which the underlying pathophysiology has yet to be fully explained. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a crucial enzyme in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism and folate deficiency can be associated with psychiatric symptoms. A single base variant in MTHFR gene (C677T) results in the production of a mildly dysfunctional thermolabile enzyme and has recently been implicated in BD. We conducted an association study of this polymorphism in 897 patients with bipolar I or bipolar II disorder, and 1,687 healthy control subjects. We found no evidence for genotypic or allelic association in this sample. We also performed a meta-analysis of our own, and all published data, and report no evidence for association. Our findings suggest that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism is not involved in the genetic etiology of clinically significant BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cohen-Woods
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, MRC SGDP Centre, London, UK.
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