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Santiago Valtierra FX, Aveldaño MI, Oresti GM. Differentiation-linked changes in the biosynthesis and turnover of sphingomyelins in rat male germ cells: Genes involved and effects of testosterone. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103058. [PMID: 36841478 PMCID: PMC10074206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In rodents, sphingomyelins (SMs) species with very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (VLCPUFA) are required for normal spermatogenesis. Data on the expression of enzymes with roles in their biosynthesis and turnover during germ cell differentiation and on possible effects on such expression of testosterone (Tes), known to promote this biological process, were lacking. Here we quantified, in isolated pachytene spermatocytes (PtS), round spermatids (RS), and later spermatids (LS), the mRNA levels from genes encoding ceramide (Cer), glucosylceramide (GlcCer), and SM synthases (Cers3, Gcs, Sms1, and Sms2) and sphingomyelinases (aSmase, nSmase) and assessed products of their activity in cells in culture using nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD)-labeled substrates and [3H]palmitate as precursor. Transcript levels from Cers3 and Gcs were maximal in PtS. While mRNA levels from Sms1 increased with differentiation in the direction PtS→RS→LS, those from Sms2 increased between PtS and RS but decreased in LS. In turn, the nSmase transcript increased in the PtS→RS→LS order. During incubations with NBD-Cer, spermatocytes produced more GlcCer and SM than did spermatids. In total germ cells cultured for up to 25 h with NBD-SM, not only abundant NBD-Cer but also NBD-GlcCer were formed, demonstrating SM→Cer turnover and Cer recycling. After 20 h with [3H]palmitate, PtS produced [3H]SM and RS formed [3H]SM and [3H]Cer, all containing VLCPUFA, and Tes increased their labeling. In total germ cells, Tes augmented in 5 h the expression of genes with roles in VLCPUFA synthesis, decreased the mRNA from Sms2, and increased that from nSmase. Thus, Tes enhanced or accelerated the metabolic changes occurring to VLCPUFA-SM during germ cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia X Santiago Valtierra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marta I Aveldaño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Gerardo M Oresti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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Carro MDLM, Peñalva DA, Antollini SS, Hozbor FA, Buschiazzo J. Cholesterol and desmosterol incorporation into ram sperm membrane before cryopreservation: Effects on membrane biophysical properties and sperm quality. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183357. [PMID: 32416195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ram sperm are particularly sensitive to freeze-thawing mainly due to their lipid composition, limiting their use in artificial insemination programs. We evaluated the extent of cholesterol and desmosterol incorporation into ram sperm through incubation with increasing concentrations of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD)-sterol complexes, and its effect on membrane biophysical properties, membrane lateral organization and cryopreservation outcome. Sterols were effectively incorporated into the sperm membrane at 10 and 25 mM MβCD-sterols, similarly increasing membrane lipid order at physiological temperature and during temperature decrease. Differential ordering effect of sterols in ternary-mixture model membranes revealed a reduced tendency of desmosterol of segregating into ordered domains. Live cell imaging of fluorescent cholesterol showed sterol incorporation and evidenced the presence of sperm sub-populations compatible with different sterol contents and a high concentration of sterol rich-ordered domains mainly at the acrosome plasma membrane. Lateral organization of the plasma membrane, assessed by identification of GM1-related rafts, was preserved after sterol incorporation except when high levels of sterols (25 mM MβCD-desmosterol) were incorporated. Ram sperm incubation with 10 mM MβCD-sterols prior to cryopreservation in a cholesterol-free extender improved sperm quality parameters after cooling and freezing. While treatment with 10 mM MβCD-cholesterol increased sperm motility, membrane integrity and tolerance to osmotic stress after thawing, incorporation of desmosterol increased the ability of ram sperm to overcome osmotic stress. Our research provides evidence on the effective incorporation and biophysical behavior of cholesterol and desmosterol in ram sperm membranes and on their consequences in improving functional parameters of sperm after temperature decrease and freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de Las Mercedes Carro
- Laboratorio Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA Balcarce, Ruta 226 km 73.5, 7620 Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel A Peñalva
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Silvia S Antollini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Federico A Hozbor
- Laboratorio Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA Balcarce, Ruta 226 km 73.5, 7620 Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorgelina Buschiazzo
- Laboratorio Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA Balcarce, Ruta 226 km 73.5, 7620 Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Mechanical properties of bilayers containing sperm sphingomyelins and ceramides with very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 218:178-186. [PMID: 30610838 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sphingomyelins (SM) and ceramides (Cer) with very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (V) are important components of spermatozoa membranes. In this study, the mechanical properties of bilayers of SM and Cer with nonhydroxy (n-V) and 2-hydroxy (h-V) fatty acid (30:5) were studied by molecular dynamics simulation at different temperatures and in the presence and the absence of salt. From our results, it was evidenced how n-V SM and h-V SM bilayers showed similar behavior. When n-V Cer was added to a h-V SM bilayer, the Gaussian curvature modulus and Ecurve of binary bilayers decreased. This variation in the mechanical properties of the bilayer can be associated with an incipient step during the fecundation process.
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Marquês JT, Marinho HS, de Almeida RF. Sphingolipid hydroxylation in mammals, yeast and plants – An integrated view. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 71:18-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sandhoff R, Schulze H, Sandhoff K. Ganglioside Metabolism in Health and Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:1-62. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Fanani ML, Maggio B. The many faces (and phases) of ceramide and sphingomyelin I - single lipids. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:589-600. [PMID: 28815463 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides, the simplest kind of two-chained sphingolipids, contain a single hydroxyl group in position 1 of the sphingoid base. Sphingomyelins further contain a phosphocholine group at the OH of position 1 of ceramide. Ceramides and sphingomyelins show a variety of species depending on the fatty acyl chain length, hydroxylation, and unsaturation. Because of the relatively high transition temperature of sphingomyelin compared to lecithin and, particularly, of ceramides with 16:0-18:0 saturated chains, a widespread idea on their functional importance refers to formation of rather solid domains enriched in sphingomyelin and ceramide. Frequently, and especially in the cell biology field, these are generally (and erroneously) assumed to occur irrespective on the type of N-acyl chain in these lipids. This is because most studies indicating such condensed ordered domains employed sphingolipids with acyl chains with 16 carbons while scarce attention has been focused on the influence of the N-acyl chain on their surface properties. However, abundant evidence has shown that variations of the N-acyl chain length in ceramides and sphingomyelins markedly affect their phase state, interfacial elasticity, surface topography, electrostatics and miscibility and that, even the usually conceived "condensed" sphingolipids and many of their mixtures, may exhibit liquid-like expanded states. This review is a summarized overview of our work and of related others on some facts regarding membranes composed of single molecular species of ceramide and sphingomyelin. A second part is dedicated to discuss the miscibility properties between species of sphingolipids that differ in N-acyl and oligosaccharide chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Fanani
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Bruno Maggio
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
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Santiago Valtierra FX, Mateos MV, Aveldaño MI, Oresti GM. Sphingomyelins and ceramides with VLCPUFAs are excluded from low-density raft-like domains in differentiating spermatogenic cells. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:529-542. [PMID: 28082410 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m072595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat spermatogenic cells contain sphingomyelins (SMs) and ceramides (Cers) with very long-chain PUFAs (VLCPUFAs) in nonhydroxylated (n-V) and 2-hydroxylated (h-V) forms. How these atypical species distribute among membrane fractions during differentiation was investigated here using a detergent-free procedure to isolate a small light raft-like low-density fraction and a large heavy fraction, mostly derived from the plasma membrane of spermatocytes, round spermatids, and late spermatids. The light fraction contained cholesterol, glycerophospholipids (GPLs), and SM with the same saturated fatty acids in all three stages. In the heavy fraction, as PUFA increased in the GPL and VLCPUFA in SM from spermatocytes to spermatids, the concentration of cholesterol was also augmented. The heavy fraction had mostly n-V SM in spermatocytes, but accumulated h-V SM and h-V Cer in spermatids. A fraction containing intracellular membranes had less SM and more Cer than the latter, but in both fractions SM and Cer species with h-V increased over species with n-V with differentiation. This accretion of h-V was consistent with the differentiation-dependent expression of fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (Fa2h), as it increased significantly from spermatocytes to spermatids. The non-raft region of the plasma membrane is thus the main target of the dynamic lipid synthesis and remodeling that is involved in germ cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia X Santiago Valtierra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Melina V Mateos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marta I Aveldaño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Gerardo M Oresti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Vireque AA, Tata A, Silva OFLLO, LoTurco EG, Azzolini A, Ferreira CR, Dantas MHY, Ferriani RA, Reis RM. Effects of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated acid-rich soybean phosphatidylcholine on membrane lipid profile and cryotolerance of human sperm. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:273-283.e6. [PMID: 27105718 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated acid-rich soybean phosphatidylcholine (soy-PC) on sperm cryotolerance with regard to sperm membrane lipid profile, membrane surface integrity, and routine semen parameters. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING University-affiliated tertiary hospital. PATIENT(S) A total of 20 normospermic fertile men. INTERVENTION(S) Semen samples examined for differences in semen parameters, sperm membrane lipid profile, and plasma membrane surface both before and after cryopreservation using basic freezing medium with N-tris(hydroxymethyl)-methyl-2-aminoethane sulfonic acid (TES) and tris-(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (TRIS) supplemented with purified soy-PC (TEST-PC) or egg yolk (TEST-Y), both alone or in association (TEST-Y-PC). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Conventional semen parameters and membrane lipid profile by matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). RESULT(S) Postthaw sperm cell motility, vitality, and morphology parameters were similar for soy-PC (TEST-PC) and egg yolk (TEST-Y) cryoprotectants. However, sperm exposed to TEST-Y-PC presented better kinetic parameters, which were similar to the original quality of the fresh semen. Human sperm MALDI-MS lipid profiles revealed that the relative abundance of glycerophospholipids of m/z 760.44 [PC (34:1)+H]+, 781.55 [SM (20:0) +Na]+, 784.55 [PC (36:3) +H]+, 806.64 [PC (38:6) +H]+, 807.64 [SM (22:1) +Na]+, and 809.64 [SM (22:0) +Na]+ increased in soy-PC samples (TEST-PC). Nonetheless, only one lipid (m/z 781.55, [SM (20:0) +Na]+) statistically significantly changed when sperm was cryopreserved in TEST-Y-PC. CONCLUSION(S) Sphingomyelin was defined as a prospective biomarker of soy-PC treatment, and it could be related to the positive cryoprotective effects of soy-PC in human sperm, opening new perspectives to design of a more efficient synthetic cryoprotectant medium containing purified egg yolk biomolecules combined with soy-PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra A Vireque
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Tata
- Metabolite Profiling Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Oswaldo F L L O Silva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson G LoTurco
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Augusto Azzolini
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christina R Ferreira
- Metabolite Profiling Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Marilda H Y Dantas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui A Ferriani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Hormones and Woman's Health, CNPq, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rosana M Reis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Hormones and Woman's Health, CNPq, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Transbilayer asymmetry and sphingomyelin composition modulate the preferential membrane partitioning of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in Lo domains. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 591:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Oresti GM, Peñalva DA, Luquez JM, Antollini SS, Aveldaño MI. Lipid Biochemical and Biophysical Changes in Rat Spermatozoa During Isolation and Functional Activation In Vitro1. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:140. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.131201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Rabionet M, Bayerle A, Jennemann R, Heid H, Fuchser J, Marsching C, Porubsky S, Bolenz C, Guillou F, Gröne HJ, Gorgas K, Sandhoff R. Male meiotic cytokinesis requires ceramide synthase 3-dependent sphingolipids with unique membrane anchors. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4792-808. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Peñalva DA, Wilke N, Maggio B, Aveldaño MI, Fanani ML. Surface behavior of sphingomyelins with very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and effects of their conversion to ceramides. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:4385-4395. [PMID: 24678907 DOI: 10.1021/la500485x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular species of sphingomyelin (SM) with nonhydroxy (n) and 2-hydroxy (h) very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n- and h-28:4, 30:5, and 32:5) abound in rat spermatogenic cells and spermatozoa. These SMs are located on the sperm head, where they are converted to the corresponding ceramides (Cer) after the completion of the acrosomal reaction, as induced in vitro. The aim of this study was to look into the surface properties of these unique SM species and how these properties change by the SM → Cer conversion. After isolation by HPLC, these SMs were organized in Langmuir films and studied alone, in combination with different proportions of Cer, and during their conversion to Cer by sphingomyelinase. Compression isotherms for all six SMs under study were compatible with a liquid-expanded (LE) state and showed large molecular areas. Only the longest SMs (n-32:5 and h-32:5 SM) underwent a phase transition upon cooling. Interestingly, the abundant h-28:4 Cer exhibited a highly compressible liquid-condensed (LC) phase compatible with a high conformational freedom of Cer molecules but with the characteristic low diffusional properties of the LC phase. In mixed films of h-28:4 SM/h-28:4 Cer, the components showed favorable mixing in the LE phase. The monolayer exhibited h-28:4 Cer-rich domains both in premixed films and when formed by the action of sphingomyelinase on pure h-28:4 SM films. Whereas the SMs from sperm behaved in a way similar to that of shorter acylated SMs, the corresponding Cers showed atypical rheological properties that may be relevant to the membrane structural rearrangements that take place on the sperm head after the completion of the acrosomal reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Peñalva
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Universidad Nacional del Sur and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Khmelinskaia A, Ibarguren M, de Almeida RFM, López DJ, Paixão VA, Ahyayauch H, Goñi FM, Escribá PV. Changes in membrane organization upon spontaneous insertion of 2-hydroxylated unsaturated fatty acids in the lipid bilayer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:2117-2128. [PMID: 24490728 DOI: 10.1021/la403977f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent research regarding 2-hydroxylated fatty acids (2OHFAs) showed clear evidence of their benefits in the treatment of cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Monolayer compressibility isotherms and isothermal titration calorimetry of 2OHFA (C18-C22) in phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine/sphingomyelin/cholesterol (1:1:1:1 mole ratio), a mixture that mimics the composition of mammalian plasma membrane, were performed to assess the membrane binding capacity of 2OHFAs and their natural, nonhydroxylated counterparts. The results show that 2OHFAs are surface-active substances that bind membranes through exothermic, spontaneous processes. The main effects of 2OHFAs are a decrease in lipid order, with a looser packing of the acyl chains, and a decreased dipole potential, regardless of the 2OHFAs' relative affinity for the lipid bilayer. The strongest effects are usually observed for 2-hydroxyarachidonic (C20:4) acid, and the weakest one, for 2-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (C22:6). In addition, 2OHFAs cause increased hydration, except in gel-phase membranes, which can be explained by the 2OHFA preference for membrane defects. Concerning the membrane dipole potential, the magnitude of the reduction induced by 2OHFAs was particularly marked in the liquid-ordered (lo) phase (cholesterol/sphingomyelin-rich) membranes, those where order reduction was the smallest, suggesting a disruption of cholesterol-sphingolipid interactions that are responsible for the large dipole potential in those membranes. Moreover, 2OHFA effects were larger than for both lo and ld phases separately in model membranes with liquid disordered (ld)/lo coexistence when both phases were present in significant amounts, possibly because of the facilitating effect of ld/lo domain interfaces. The specific and marked changes induced by 2OHFAs in several membrane properties suggest that the initial interaction with the membrane and subsequent reorganization might constitute an important step in their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Khmelinskaia
- Centro de Quimica e Bioquimica, DQB, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa , Campo Grande, Ed. C8, 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
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Peñalva DA, Oresti GM, Dupuy F, Antollini SS, Maggio B, Aveldaño MI, Fanani ML. Atypical surface behavior of ceramides with nonhydroxy and 2-hydroxy very long-chain (C28–C32) PUFAs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:731-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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