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Peng J, Lv YC, He PP, Tang YY, Xie W, Liu XY, Li Y, Lan G, Zhang M, Zhang C, Shi JF, Zheng XL, Yin WD, Tang CK. RETRACTED:Betulinic acid downregulates expression of oxidative stress-induced lipoprotein lipase via the PKC/ERK/c-Fos pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages. Biochimie 2015; 119:192-203. [PMID: 26542288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Concerns raised by Dr. Sander Kersten in PubPeer pointed out that Figures 6.1B and 6.2B of this paper were different figures but the legends and Western blots were identical; the quantification was also seen to be different between the two figures. Shortly afterwards, the authors asked to publish a corrigendum for part B of Figure 6.1, including images of western blots and associated bar plots. Subsequently, the journal conducted an investigation and found evidence that there had been improper manipulation and duplication of images in Figures 2 E, 6.2 B, 5 A and and 6.2 D, as shown by the reuse of several western blot bands with approximately 180° rotation in each case. After raising the complaint with the authors, the corresponding author agreed that the paper should be retracted. The authors apologise to the readers of the journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Yongzhou Vocational and Technical College, Yongzhou, Hunan 425000, China
| | - Yun-Cheng Lv
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ping-Ping He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yan-Yan Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of South, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Gan Lan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jin-Feng Shi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Wei-Dong Yin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Advanced glycation endproduct changes to Bruch's membrane promotes lipoprotein retention by lipoprotein lipase. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:850-9. [PMID: 21801873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipoprotein particles accumulate in Bruch's membrane before the development of basal deposits and drusen, two histopathologic lesions that define age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We therefore, sought to determine which molecules could participate in lipoprotein retention. Wild-type or lipoprotein lipase-deficient mice were injected with low-dose D-galactose or PBS subcutaneously for 8 weeks to induce advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) formation. Some mice were also injected with the AGE breaker phenacylphiazolium bromide and D-galactose. Rhodamine-labeled low-density lipoproteins were injected into mice, and the fluorescence was measured up to 72 hours later. AGEs, proteoglycans, and other lipid-retaining molecules were evaluated by IHC. Lipoprotein lipase distribution was assessed in AMD samples by IHC. D-galactose-treated mice retained lipoproteins in the retinal pigment epithelial and Bruch's membrane to a greater extent than either PBS- or phenacylphiazolium bromide/D-galactose-treated mice at 24 and 72 hours after injection (P ≤ 0.04). Immunolabeling for carboxymethyllysine, biglycan, and lipoprotein lipase was found in D-galactose-treated mice only. Mice deficient for lipoprotein lipase treated with D-galactose did not retain lipoproteins to any measureable extent. Human AMD samples had lipoprotein lipase labeling within drusen, basal deposits, and the choroid. Mice treated with D-galactose to induce AGE formation in Bruch's membrane retain intravenously injected lipoproteins. Our results suggest that lipoprotein retention in Bruch's membrane is mediated by lipoprotein lipase.
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Zhang L, Liu W, Alizadeh D, Zhao D, Farrukh O, Lin J, Badie SA, Badie B. S100B attenuates microglia activation in gliomas: possible role of STAT3 pathway. Glia 2010; 59:486-98. [PMID: 21264954 DOI: 10.1002/glia.21118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant infiltration into tumors, the effector function of macrophages (MPs) and microglia (MG) appears to be suppressed in gliomas. Although STAT3 pathway is thought to play a role in this process, the exact mechanism by which gliomas induce STAT3 activation in MPs and MG is not known. Because activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) can induce STAT3, and because gliomas express high levels of S100B, a RAGE ligand, we hypothesized that MP/MG STAT3 activity may be modulated through S100B-RAGE interaction. Exposure of N9 MG and bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMM) to GL261 glioma condition medium (GCM) and low (nM) levels of S100B increased RAGE expression, induced STAT3 and suppressed MG function in vitro. Furthermore, neutralization of S100B in GCM, partially reversed IL-1β suppression in BMM, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of GCM to be in part due to S100B. Finally, blockage of S100B-RAGE interaction inhibited STAT3 activation in N9 MG and in glioma MG/MP in vivo. These findings suggest that the RAGE pathway may play an important role in STAT3 induction in glioma-associated MG/MPs, and that this process may be mediated through S100B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leying Zhang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
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Chang CL, Seo T, Du CB, Accili D, Deckelbaum RJ. n-3 Fatty acids decrease arterial low-density lipoprotein cholesterol delivery and lipoprotein lipase levels in insulin-resistant mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:2510-7. [PMID: 20930167 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.215848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether n-3 fatty acids (n-3) influence arterial cholesterol delivery and lipoprotein lipase (LpL) levels in insulin-resistant mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Insulin resistance contributes to risk of cardiovascular disease. It was previously reported that saturated fat (SAT) diets increased, but n-3 diets decreased, arterial low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol deposition from LDL total and selective uptake; this was associated with increased or decreased arterial LpL, respectively. Insulin receptor transgenic knockout mice (L1) were fed a chow, SAT, or n-3 diet for 12 weeks. Double-fluorescent boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-cholesteryl ester (CE) and Alexa dye-labeled human LDL were injected to separately trace LDL-CE and LDL-apolipoprotein B whole particle uptake. In contrast to SAT, n-3 diets markedly reduced all plasma lipids, ameliorating progression of insulin resistance. As opposed to SAT, n-3 reduced arterial LDL uptake, CE deposition, and selective uptake. Disparate patterns of CE deposition between diets were comparable with arterial LpL distribution; SAT induced high LpL levels throughout aortic media; LpL was limited only to intima in n-3-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS n-3 diets diminish arterial LDL-cholesterol deposition in mice with insulin resistance, and this is associated with changes in arterial LpL levels and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchun L Chang
- Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Wu CH, Wu CF, Huang HW, Jao YC, Yen GC. Naturally occurring flavonoids attenuate high glucose-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines in human monocytic THP-1 cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53:984-95. [PMID: 19557821 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Activation of circulating monocytes by hyperglycemia is bound to play a role in inflammatory and atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined whether flavonoids (catechin, EGCG, luteolin, quercetin, rutin) - phytochemicals that may possible belong to a new class of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) inhibitors - can attenuate high glucose (15 mmol/L, HG)-induced inflammation in human monocytes. Our results show that all flavonoids significantly inhibited HG-induced expression of proinflammatory genes and proteins, including TNF-alpha, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, at a concentration of 20 microM. Flavonoids also prevented oxidative stress in activated monocytes, as demonstrated by their inhibitory effects on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine formation caused by HG. These inhibitory effects may involve inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB activation and may be supported by downregulation of the following: i) PKC-dependent NADPH oxidase pathway; ii) phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, and iii) mRNA expression of receptor of AGEs. In addition, we found for the first time that lower levels of Bcl-2 protein under HG conditions could be countered by the action of flavonoids. Our data suggest that, along with their antioxidant activities, flavonoids possess anti-inflammatory properties and might therefore have additional protective effects against glycotoxin-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hao Wu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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Kim SS, Kim SY, Lee SH, Kang YH, Kim IJ, Kim YK, Son SM. High Glucose and/or Free Fatty Acid Damage Vascular Endothelial Cells via Stimulating of NAD(P)H Oxidase-induced Superoxide Production from Neutrophils. KOREAN DIABETES JOURNAL 2009. [DOI: 10.4093/kdj.2009.33.2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Diabetes Center, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Soo Hyung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yang Ho Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Diabetes Center, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - In Ju Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seok Man Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Diabetes Center, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
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Maingrette F, Li L, Renier G. C-reactive protein enhances macrophage lipoprotein lipase expression. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:1926-35. [DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m800024-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Reinbold M, Hufnagel B, Kewitz T, Klumpp S, Krieglstein J. Unsaturated fatty acids liberated from VLDL cause apoptosis in endothelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008; 52:581-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Toth C, Rong LL, Yang C, Martinez J, Song F, Ramji N, Brussee V, Liu W, Durand J, Nguyen MD, Schmidt AM, Zochodne DW. Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) and experimental diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes 2008; 57:1002-17. [PMID: 18039814 DOI: 10.2337/db07-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heightened expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) contributes to development of systemic diabetic complications, but its contribution to diabetic neuropathy is uncertain. We studied experimental diabetic neuropathy and its relationship with RAGE expression using streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice including a RAGE(-/-) cohort exposed to long-term diabetes compared with littermates without diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Structural indexes of neuropathy were addressed with serial (1, 3, 5, and 9 months of experimental diabetes) electrophysiological and quantitative morphometric analysis of dorsal root ganglia (DRG), peripheral nerve, and epidermal innervation. RAGE protein and mRNA levels in DRG, peripheral nerve, and epidermal terminals were assessed in WT and RAGE(-/-) mice, with and without diabetes. The correlation of RAGE activation with nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and protein kinase C beta II (PKC beta II) protein and mRNA expression was also determined. RESULTS Diabetic peripheral epidermal axons, sural axons, Schwann cells, and sensory neurons within ganglia developed dramatic and cumulative rises in RAGE mRNA and protein along with progressive electrophysiological and structural abnormalities. RAGE(-/-) mice had attenuated structural features of neuropathy after 5 months of diabetes. RAGE-mediated signaling pathway activation for NF-kappaB and PKC beta II pathways was most evident among Schwann cells in the DRG and peripheral nerve. CONCLUSIONS In a long-term model of experimental diabetes resembling human diabetic peripheral neuropathy, RAGE expression in the peripheral nervous system rises cumulatively and relates to progressive pathological changes. Mice lacking RAGE have attenuated features of neuropathy and limited activation of potentially detrimental signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Toth
- University of Calgary, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Room 155, 3330 Hospital Dr., N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Ding Y, Kantarci A, Badwey JA, Hasturk H, Malabanan A, Van Dyke TE. Phosphorylation of pleckstrin increases proinflammatory cytokine secretion by mononuclear phagocytes in diabetes mellitus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:647-54. [PMID: 17579087 PMCID: PMC2150995 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.1.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) family of intracellular enzymes plays a crucial role in signal transduction for a variety of cellular responses of mononuclear phagocytes including phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and secretion. Alterations in the activation pathways of PKC in a variety of cell types have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the complications of diabetes. In this study, we investigated the consequences of PKC activation by evaluating endogenous phosphorylation of PKC substrates with a phosphospecific PKC substrate Ab (pPKC(s)). Phosphorylation of a 40-kDa protein was significantly increased in mononuclear phagocytes from diabetics. Phosphorylation of this protein is downstream of PKC activation and its phosphorylated form was found to be associated with the membrane. Mass spectrometry analysis, immunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting experiments revealed that this 40-kDa protein is pleckstrin. We then investigated the phosphorylation and translocation of pleckstrin in response to the activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). The results suggest that pleckstrin is involved in RAGE signaling and advanced glycation end product (AGE)-elicited mononuclear phagocyte dysfunction. Suppression of pleckstrin expression with RNA interference silencing revealed that phosphorylation of pleckstrin is an important intermediate in the secretion and activation pathways of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) induced by RAGE activation. In summary, this study demonstrates that phosphorylation of pleckstrin is up-regulated in diabetic mononuclear phagocytes. The phosphorylation is in part due to the activation of PKC through RAGE binding, and pleckstrin is a critical molecule for proinflammatory cytokine secretion in response to elevated AGE in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ding
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Hoang A, Murphy AJ, Coughlan MT, Thomas MC, Forbes JM, O'Brien R, Cooper ME, Chin-Dusting JPF, Sviridov D. Advanced glycation of apolipoprotein A-I impairs its anti-atherogenic properties. Diabetologia 2007; 50:1770-9. [PMID: 17579831 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS AGE contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, including dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis. However, the precise mechanisms remain to be established. In the present study, we examined whether AGE modification of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) affects its functionality, thus altering its cardioprotective profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ability of AGE-modified apoA-I to facilitate cholesterol and phospholipid efflux, stabilise ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and inhibit expression of adhesion molecules in human macrophages and monocytes was studied. RESULTS The ability of AGE-modified apoA-I to promote cholesterol efflux from THP-1 macrophages, isolated human monocytes and from ABCA1-transfected HeLa cells was significantly reduced (>70%) compared with unmodified apoA-I. This effect was reversed by preventing AGE formation with aminoguanidine or reversing AGE modification using the cross-link breaker alagebrium chloride. AGE-modification of HDL also reduced its capacity to promote cholesterol efflux. AGE-apoA-I was also less effective than apoA-I in stabilising ABCA1 in THP-1 cells as well as in inhibiting expression of CD11b in human monocytes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION AGE modification of apoA-I considerably impairs its cardioprotective, antiatherogenic properties, including the ability to promote cholesterol efflux, stabilise ABCA1 and inhibit the expression of adhesion molecules. These findings provide a rationale for targeting AGE in the management of diabetic dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hoang
- Baker Heart Research Institute, St Kilda Road Central, Melbourne, Victoria 8008, Australia
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Jay D, Hitomi H, Griendling KK. Oxidative stress and diabetic cardiovascular complications. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 40:183-92. [PMID: 16413400 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Accepted: 06/15/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes diagnoses are increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. The majority of diabetes-related deaths arise from cardiovascular complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Oxidative stress has been demonstrated to be present in animal models as well as in patients with diabetes and has been suggested as a possible contributor to the accelerated atherosclerosis seen in diabetics. The generation of reactive oxygen species in diabetes occurs via several mechanisms and is initiated not only by glucose, but also by other substances that are found at elevated levels in diabetic patients. The resulting oxidative stress leads to a number of proatherogenic events. The elucidation of the mechanisms of oxidative stress in diabetes and their relationship with atherosclerosis could potentially identify molecular targets of therapy for this condition and its cardiovascular consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Jay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Chen P, Jou YS, Fann CSJ, Chen JW, Wu SY, Pan WH. Lipoprotein Lipase Gene is Linked and Associated with Hypertension in Taiwan Young-onset Hypertension Genetic Study. J Biomed Sci 2005; 12:651-8. [PMID: 16132104 DOI: 10.1007/s11373-005-7707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2005] [Accepted: 05/23/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia has been extensively associated with hypertension. However, the mechanism behind it is poorly understood. A positive linkage signal between Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and young-onset hypertension has been identified by us as the strongest among 18 candidate genes. Here we report our fine mapping works with seven microsatellite markers flanking LPL, sequencing results for its promoter and exons, and an extended association study with the identified single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP). First, using data from 213 individuals in 59 nuclear families of young-onset hypertension, multipoint analysis revealed a NPL score of 3.02 for the LPL (GZ-14/GZ-15) marker in intron 6. LPL marker (p < 10(-12)) and the haplotypes containing its allele 1 (p < 0.0001) were also significantly associated with young hypertension by transmission disequilibrium test. In-depth sequencing revealed no mutation in promoter and exon regions, except two cSNP: 7754C--> A (C/A: 0.91/0.09), a silent mutation in exon 8 and S447X (C/G: 0.92/0.08), a stop codon mutation in exon 9. Other 11 cSNPs documented in NCBI GenBank are absent in our sample. Constructed from the above 2 cSNPs, haplotype AC showed a moderate TDT association with elevated triglyceride (p = 0.02) and with hypertension and elevated triglyceride combined (p = 0.06). Again, in an extended case-control study, a significant association was found between S447X and patients with persistent hypertension and elevated triglyceride (p = 0.02). We conclude that LPL variants may play a causal role in the development of hypertension in Taiwan Han Chinese. The moderate association with SNP haplotype suggests that other regulatory LPL variant may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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