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Katz OB, Yehudai-Ofir D, Zuckerman T. Cellular Therapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Have We Advanced in the Last Decade? Acta Haematol 2023; 147:99-112. [PMID: 37812926 DOI: 10.1159/000534341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous B-cell malignancy, affecting mainly older adults. Despite the recent introduction of multiple targeted agents, CLL remains an incurable disease. Cellular therapy is a promptly evolving area that has developed over the last decades from such standard of care as hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) to the novel treatment modalities employing genetically engineered immune cells. SUMMARY Tailoring the proper treatment for each patient is warranted and should take into account the disease biology, patient characteristics, and the available treatment modalities. Nowadays, the most broadly applied cellular therapies for CLL management are HCT and chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cells. However, CAR-T cell therapy is currently not yet approved in CLL, and the appropriate sequencing for the administration of these agents remains to be clarified. KEY MESSAGES The current review will discuss various available cellular treatment options, their advances and limitations, as well as the optimal timing for the employment of such therapies in CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofrat Beyar Katz
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dana Yehudai-Ofir
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tsila Zuckerman
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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2
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Iyer P, Wang L. Emerging Therapies in CLL in the Era of Precision Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1583. [PMID: 36900373 PMCID: PMC10000606 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the treatment landscape of CLL has vastly changed from the conventional FC (fludarabine and cyclophosphamide) and FCR (FC with rituximab) chemotherapies to targeted therapies, including inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) as well as inhibitors of BCL2. These treatment options dramatically improved clinical outcomes; however, not all patients respond well to these therapies, especially high-risk patients. Clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1, CTLA4) and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) or NK (CAR NK) cell treatment have shown some efficacy; still, long-term outcomes and safety issues have yet to be determined. CLL remains an incurable disease. Thus, there are unmet needs to discover new molecular pathways with targeted or combination therapies to cure the disease. Large-scale genome-wide whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing studies have discovered genetic alterations associated with disease progression, refined the prognostic markers in CLL, identified mutations underlying drug resistance, and pointed out critical targets to treat the disease. More recently, transcriptome and proteome landscape characterization further stratified the disease and revealed novel therapeutic targets in CLL. In this review, we briefly summarize the past and present available single or combination therapies, focusing on potential emerging therapies to address the unmet clinical needs in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajish Iyer
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA 91007, USA
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA 91007, USA
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91016, USA
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3
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Puckrin R, Shafey M, Storek J. The role of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A review. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1105779. [PMID: 36741737 PMCID: PMC9889653 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1105779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the use of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has declined with the development of novel targeted agents, it continues to play an important role for eligible patients with high-risk or heavily pretreated CLL who lack other treatment options. CLL is susceptible to a potent graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect which produces long-lasting remissions in 30-50% of transplanted patients. While allogeneic HCT is associated with significant risks of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), infection, and non-relapse mortality (NRM), improvements in patient and donor selection, reduced intensity conditioning (RIC), GVHD prophylaxis, and supportive care have rendered this an increasingly safe and effective procedure in the current era. In this review, we discuss recent advances in allogeneic HCT for CLL, with a focus on the optimal evidence-based strategies to maximize benefit and minimize toxicity of this potentially curative cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan Storek
- Department of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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4
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van der Straten L, Hengeveld PJ, Kater AP, Langerak AW, Levin MD. Treatment Approaches to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia With High-Risk Molecular Features. Front Oncol 2021; 11:780085. [PMID: 34956898 PMCID: PMC8695615 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.780085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is highly variable. Over the past decades, several cytogenetic, immunogenetic and molecular features have emerged that identify patients suffering from CLL with high-risk molecular features. These biomarkers can clearly aid prognostication, but may also be capable of predicting the efficacy of various treatment strategies in subgroups of patients. In this narrative review, we discuss treatment approaches to CLL with high-risk molecular features. Specifically, we review and provide a comprehensive overview of clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapy, chemoimmunotherapy and novel agent-based treatments in CLL patients with TP53 aberrations, deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11, complex karyotype, unmutated IGHV, B cell receptor stereotypy, and mutations in NOTCH1 or BIRC3. Furthermore, we discuss future pharmaceutical and immunotherapeutic perspectives for CLL with high-risk molecular features, focusing on agents currently under investigation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina van der Straten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, Netherlands.,Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Paul J Hengeveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, Netherlands.,Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arnon P Kater
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anton W Langerak
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mark-David Levin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, Netherlands
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5
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Moldovianu AM, Crisan AM, Varady Z, Coriu D. The Difficult-to-Treat del 17 p Patient—A Case Report in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 58:medicina58010033. [PMID: 35056341 PMCID: PMC8778873 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treatment strategies have evolved to include mechanism-driven drugs but now raise new questions regarding their optimum timing and sequencing. In high-risk patients, switching from pathway inhibitors to allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is still a matter of intense debate. We report the case of a CLL patient with 17 p deletion treated with ibrutinib as a bridge to allo-HCT. Early relapse after allo-HCT urged the initiation of salvage therapy, including donor lymphocytes infusions, ibrutinib, and venetoclax. We aim to outline and discuss the potential benefits of novel therapies, the current role of allo-HCT in CLL, drug timing and sequencing, and the unmet need to improve the long-term outcome of high-risk CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Moldovianu
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 258 Fundeni Street, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.M.); (Z.V.); (D.C.)
- Department of Hematology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Manuela Crisan
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 258 Fundeni Street, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.M.); (Z.V.); (D.C.)
- Department of Hematology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Zsofia Varady
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 258 Fundeni Street, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.M.); (Z.V.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniel Coriu
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 258 Fundeni Street, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.M.); (Z.V.); (D.C.)
- Department of Hematology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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6
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Forlanini F, Zinter MS, Dvorak CC, Bailey-Olson M, Winestone LE, Shimano KA, Higham CS, Melton A, Chu J, Kharbanda S. Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation-Comorbidity Index Score Is Correlated with Treatment-Related Mortality and Overall Survival following Second Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Children. Transplant Cell Ther 2021; 28:155.e1-155.e8. [PMID: 34848362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) can lead to considerable complications and treatment-related mortality (TRM); therefore, a detailed assessment of risks is essential. The Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation-Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI) can predict both TRM and overall survival (OS). Although the HCT-CI has been validated as a useful tool for first HCT, its potential utility for second HCT has not yet been investigated. Here we aimed to evaluate the utility of the HCT-CI score in assessing the risk of TRM and OS in the setting of a second allogeneic HCT. This was a retrospective analysis of all pediatric patients (age <21 years) who underwent a second allogeneic HCT at UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital San Francisco between 2008 and 2019. According to their HCT-CI, patients were classified as "low risk" with an HCT-CI of 0 or "intermediate-high risk" with an HCT-CI ≥1. A total of 59 patients were included in the study. Our primary endpoint was TRM, observed at 100 days, 180 days, 1 year, and last follow-up following HCT, and our secondary endpoint was OS at 1 year and at 5 years or last follow-up. We also evaluated outcomes of patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit based on the HCT-CI score. Seventy-six percent of patients had an HCT-CI of 0. The most frequent comorbidities were pulmonary, seen in 7 patients (12%; 95% CI, 5% to 23%), including 5 (71%) with moderate and 2 (29%) with severe comorbidities. The OS and the cumulative incidence of TRM at 1 year for the entire cohort were 81% (95% CI, 69% to 90%) and 12% (95% CI, 5% to 22%), respectively. The cumulative incidence of TRM and OS at 1 year showed a significant correlation with HCT-CI score; TRM was 4% (95% CI, 1% to 13%) for an HCT-CI of 0 versus 36% (95% CI, 13% to 60%) for an HCT-CI ≥1 (P < .001), and OS was 89% (95% CI, 75% to 99%) for an HCT-CI of 0 versus 57% (95% CI, 28% to 78%) for an HCT-CI ≥1 (P = .003). After adjusting for covariates, HCT-CI continued to be associated with both TRM (P = .004) and OS (P = .003). In addition, comparing patients with malignancies and nonmalignant disorders, disease-free-survival at last follow-up was higher in the nonmalignant disorder group and also was influenced by the HCT-CI score in each group (P = .0035). There also was a significant difference in outcomes of patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit; 15 patients (68%) with an HCT-CI of 0 were alive at last follow-up, compared with only two (22%) with an HCT-CI ≥1 (P = .016). HCT-CI has an impact on TRM and OS and may serve as a predictor of outcomes of second allogeneic transplantation. Although this study was conducted in a relatively small sample, it is the first to investigate the utility of the HCT-CI score in predicting outcomes after a second allogeneic HCT in pediatric recipients. © 2021 American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Forlanini
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology & Bone Marrow Transplantation, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matt S Zinter
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Christopher C Dvorak
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology & Bone Marrow Transplantation, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mara Bailey-Olson
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology & Bone Marrow Transplantation, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Lena E Winestone
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology & Bone Marrow Transplantation, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Kristin A Shimano
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology & Bone Marrow Transplantation, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Christine S Higham
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology & Bone Marrow Transplantation, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Alexis Melton
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology & Bone Marrow Transplantation, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Julia Chu
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology & Bone Marrow Transplantation, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Sandhya Kharbanda
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology & Bone Marrow Transplantation, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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7
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Linn SM, Vasudevan Nampoothiri R, Chen C, Pasic I, Al-Shaibani Z, Lam W, Law AD, Michelis FV, Kim DDH, Gerbitz A, Lipton J, Kumar R, Mattsson J, Viswabandya A. Outcomes of patients diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Results from a tertiary care center. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2021; 16:230-237. [PMID: 34856195 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is currently the only curative treatment for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). METHODS We analyzed the outcomes of 93 patients (median age: 52 years) who underwent allo-HCT at our center between 1989 and 2019. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 35 months, relapse was observed in 15.1% (n = 14) patients. The estimated 2-year non-relapse mortality, relapse-free survival, and overall survival (OS) were 38.1%, 54.2%, and 58.7%, respectively. The ECOG performance status ≥ 2 (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.1; p = .001) and use of total body irradiation (in a myeloablative conditioning regimen; HR: 2.64; p = .005) were predictive of poor OS after multivariable analysis. The occurrence of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease post-transplant was associated with poor survival (p = .001). CONCLUSION Although the use of kinase and bcl2 inhibitors may result in a decrease in the number and need of transplants, allo-HCT remains a viable option in selected patients with high-risk CLL and good performance status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swe Mar Linn
- Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ram Vasudevan Nampoothiri
- Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carol Chen
- Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ivan Pasic
- Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zeyad Al-Shaibani
- Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wilson Lam
- Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arjun Datt Law
- Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fotios V Michelis
- Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dennis D H Kim
- Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Armin Gerbitz
- Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Lipton
- Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rajat Kumar
- Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonas Mattsson
- Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Auro Viswabandya
- Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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8
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Reduced-intensity conditioning hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Richter's transformation. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2879-2889. [PMID: 34297048 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may potentially cure patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and Richter's transformation (CLL-RT) or CLL without RT, but the impact of novel agents on HSCT is unclear. CLL-RT patients have a grave prognosis, and their outcomes after HSCT are uncertain. We conducted a retrospective analysis of all 58 CLL patients, including 23 CLL-RT patients, who underwent reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) HSCT at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (New York, NY) between September 2006 and April 2017. With a median follow-up of 68 months (range, 24-147 months), 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 40% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28%-56%), and overall survival (OS) was 58% (95% CI, 48%-74%). The 1-year graft-versus-host disease/relapse-free survival (GRFS) was 38% (95% CI, 25%-50%). Patients with CLL-RT and CLL patients without RT had comparable outcomes. In both cohorts, treatment-sensitive response and ≤3 previous lines of therapy produced superior PFS and OS. Outcomes were agnostic to adverse cytogenetic and molecular features. Novel agents did not have a negative impact on HSCT outcomes. Total body irradiation (TBI)-containing RIC yielded inferior PFS, OS, and GRFS. CLL-RT patients older than age 55 years who had an HSCT Comorbidity Index score of ≥2 demonstrated inferior OS. This study, which is the largest series of RIC-HSCT for patients with CLL-RT, provides evidence supporting RIC-HSCT in early remission courses for patients with CLL-RT and poor-risk CLL patients. TBI-containing RIC should be considered with caution.
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9
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Tournilhac O, Le Garff-Tavernier M, Nguyen Quoc S, Forcade E, Chevallier P, Legrand-Izadifar F, Laurent Damaj G, Michonneau D, Tomowiak C, Borel C, Orvain C, Turlure P, Redjou R, Guillerm G, Vincent L, Simand C, Lemal R, Quiney C, Combes P, Pereira B, Calvet L, Cabrespine A, Bay JO, Leblond V, Dhédin N, Organization Filo FIL, De Moelle Et de Thérapie Cellulaire Sfgm-Tc SFDG. Efficacy of minimal residual disease driven immune-intervention after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results of a prospective multicenter trial. Haematologica 2021; 106:1867-1875. [PMID: 32527951 PMCID: PMC8252930 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.239566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains a potentially curative and useful strategy in high-risk relapsing chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment at 12 months (M12) post-HSCT is predictive of relapse. This phase II study aimed to achieve M12 MRD negativity (MRDneg) using an MRD-driven immune-intervention (Md-PII) algorithm based on serial flow-cytometry blood MRD, involving cyclosporine tapering followed in case of failure by donor lymphocytes infusions. Patients had high-risk CLL according to the 2006 European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation consensus, in complete or partial response with lymphadenopathy <5 cm and comorbidity score ≤2. Donors were HLA-matched sibling or matched unrelated (10/10). Fortytwo enrolled patients with either 17p deletion (front-line, n=11; relapse n=16) or other high-risk relapse (n=15) received reduced intensity-conditioning regimen before HSCT and were submitted to Md-PII. M12- MRDneg status was achieved in 27 of 42 patients (64%) versus 6 of 42 (14.2%) before HSCT. With a median follow-up of 36 months (range, 19-53), 3-year overall survival, non-relapse mortality and cumulative incidence of relapse are 86.9% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 70.8-94.4), 9.5% (95% CI: 3.7-23.4) and 29.6% (95% CI: 17.3-47.7). Incidence of 2-year limited and extensive chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) is 38% (95% CI: 23-53) and 23% (95% CI: 10-36) including two cases post Md-PII. Fifteen patients converted to MRDneg either after cyclosporine A withdrawal (n=12) or after cGvHD (n=3). As a time-dependent variable, MRDneg achievement at any time-point correlates with reduced relapse (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.14 [range, 0.04-0.53], P=0.004) and improvement of both progression free (HR 0.18 [range, 0.06-0.6], P<0.005) and overall (HR 0.18 [range, 0.03-0.98], P=0.047) survival. These data highlight the value of MRD-driven immune-intervention to induce prompt MRD clearance in the therapy of CLL (clinicaltrials gov. Identifier: NCT01849939).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Tournilhac
- Hematologie Clinique et Therapie Cellulaire, CHU Estaing, Université Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Nguyen Quoc
- Service Hematologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpetriere, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Edouard Forcade
- Service Hematologie Clinique et de Thérapie cellulaire, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Gandhi Laurent Damaj
- Hematologie Clinique, Institut d'Hematologie de Basse-Normandie, CHU Cote de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - David Michonneau
- Service Hematologie Greffe, Hopital Saint-Louis, APHP ; Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Tomowiak
- Service Oncologie Hematologique et Therapie Cellulaire, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Cécile Borel
- Service Hematologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Pascal Turlure
- Service Hematologie Clinique, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Rabah Redjou
- Service Hematologie Clinique, Hopital Henri Mondor, APHP, Creteil, France
| | - Gaëlle Guillerm
- Service Hematologie Clinique, Institut de Cancero-Hematologie, Hopital Morvan, Brest, France
| | - Laure Vincent
- Departement Hematologie Clinique, Hopital St Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Richard Lemal
- Service 'Histocompatibilité, CHU, UCA, EA7453 and CIC1405, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claire Quiney
- Service Hematologie Biologique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpetriere, APHP, Paris France
| | | | - Bruno Pereira
- Unité de Biostatistiques, (DRCI), CHU, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laure Calvet
- Service de Reanimation Medicale, Hopital Gabriel Monpied, CHU, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélie Cabrespine
- Hematologie Clinique et Therapie Cellulaire, CHU, UCA EA 7453 ; CIC1405, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Bay
- Hematologie Clinique et Therapie Cellulaire, CHU, UCA EA 7453 ; CIC1405, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Véronique Leblond
- Service Hematologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpetriere, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Dhédin
- Unité Adolescents et Jeunes Adultes, Hopital St Louis, Hopitaux de Paris, France
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10
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Immune Therapy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Allogeneic Transplant, Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy, and Beyond. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2021; 35:847-862. [PMID: 34174989 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant improvement in clinical outcomes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), patients who experience failure of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors or venetoclax benefit from immune therapy approaches. Allogeneic transplant is a potentially curative treatment of CLL but is associated with risk of morbidity and mortality. Although still experimental, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy provides durable remissions in patients with deep molecular responses. This review summarizes the relevant literature and discusses an approach to treatment sequencing and timing of referral for immune therapy. Novel immunotherapy approaches are being investigated and potentially can be utilized in sequence or combination with targeted agents.
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11
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Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the era of novel agents. Blood Adv 2021; 4:3977-3989. [PMID: 32841336 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although novel agents (NAs) have improved outcomes for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a subset will progress through all available NAs. Understanding outcomes for potentially curative modalities including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT) following NA therapy is critical while devising treatment sequences aimed at long-term disease control. In this multicenter, retrospective cohort study, we examined 65 patients with CLL who underwent alloHCT following exposure to ≥1 NA, including baseline disease and transplant characteristics, treatment preceding alloHCT, transplant outcomes, treatment following alloHCT, and survival outcomes. Univariable and multivariable analyses evaluated associations between pre-alloHCT factors and progression-free survival (PFS). Twenty-four-month PFS, overall survival (OS), nonrelapse mortality, and relapse incidence were 63%, 81%, 13%, and 27% among patients transplanted for CLL. Day +100 cumulative incidence of grade III-IV acute graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) was 24%; moderate-severe GVHD developed in 27%. Poor-risk disease characteristics, prior NA exposure, complete vs partial remission, and transplant characteristics were not independently associated with PFS. Hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index independently predicts PFS. PFS and OS were not impacted by having received NAs vs both NAs and chemoimmunotherapy, 1 vs ≥2 NAs, or ibrutinib vs venetoclax as the line of therapy immediately pre-alloHCT. AlloHCT remains a viable long-term disease control strategy that overcomes adverse CLL characteristics. Prior NAs do not appear to impact the safety of alloHCT, and survival outcomes are similar regardless of number of NAs received, prior chemoimmunotherapy exposure, or NA immediately preceding alloHCT. Decisions about proceeding to alloHCT should consider comorbidities and anticipated response to remaining therapeutic options.
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Relapsed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia with Concomitant Extensive Chronic Graft versus Host Disease after Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Successfully Treated with Oral Venetoclax. Case Rep Transplant 2021; 2021:8831125. [PMID: 33552611 PMCID: PMC7846410 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8831125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A middle-aged gentleman who was diagnosed with high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), Rai stage IV, Binet C with del(17p) and del(13q) underwent allogeneic haematopoeitic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) from a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) identical sister. The patient developed extensive skin, oral, and liver chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) required tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and prednisolone. At seventh month after allo-HSCT, the patient presented with systemic symptoms, right cervical lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, marked pancytopaenia, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Bone marrow study, immunophenotyping (IP), chromosome analysis, and PET-CT scan confirmed relapsed CLL with no evidence of Richter's transformation or posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). Withdrawal of immunosuppressant (IS) worsened cutaneous and liver GVHD. Chemotherapy was not a suitable treatment option in view of immunodeficiency. The patient underwent extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) therapy eventually for extensive chronic GVHD, and the IS were gradually tapered to the minimal effective dose. The relapsed CLL was treated successfully with oral venetoclax accessible via a compassionate drug program. This case highlights challenges in managing relapsed CLL and loss of graft-versus-leukaemia (GVL) effect despite extensive chronic GVHD. Venetoclax is an effective and well-tolerated oral novel agent for relapsed CLL after allo-HSCT.
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13
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Old is bad? The effect of age on peripheral stem cell mobilization and transplantation outcomes. Transfus Apher Sci 2020; 60:103007. [PMID: 33223474 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.103007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (Allo-SCT) is a well-established treatment option for hematological malignancies. With the introduction of reduced-intensity conditioning regimens (RIC) and better supportive measures the elderly are able to receive Allo-SCT. A considerable number of patients are elderly, and often their HLA matched sibling donor is elderly, moreover. Here, we aim to explore the effect of donors' age on stem cell harvesting, engraftment duration after Allo-SCT, and product quality. METHOD Sixty-one healthy allogeneic stem cell donors aged 50 years and older who underwent stem cell mobilization at our center between 2009-2019 were enrolled for the study. All donors received 4-5 days of G-CSF, mostly filgrastim or lenograstim and their biosimilar equivalents were given subcutaneously as a total dose of 10 mcg/kg/day. Groups were separated into three groups as aged 50-54 group A, 55-59 group B, aged 60 and older group C. RESULTS Pre-apheresis peripheral blood CD34+ count was similar all groups (p = 0.2). One day apheresis was sufficient for 72.7 % of group A, 27.3 % for group B and 47.1 % for group C (p = 0.02). Total harvested CD34+ cells were comparable among groups (p = 0.5). CONCLUSION Adequate stem cell harvest in older donors is feasible. Older donors may require more than one apheresis procedure and generally procedure was well tolerated. When assessing donors, age should represent less significance.
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Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for patients with TP53 mutant or deleted chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Results of a prospective observational study. Bone Marrow Transplant 2020; 56:692-695. [PMID: 32801318 PMCID: PMC8589674 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-01013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Refractory and 17p-deleted chronic lymphocytic leukemia: improving survival with pathway inhibitors and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020; 26:e256-e262. [PMID: 32653626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Refractory/early relapsed and 17p deletion/p53 mutation (del(17p)/TP53mut)-positive chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been conventionally considered a high-risk disease, potentially eligible for treatment with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). In this multicenter retrospective analysis of 157 patients, we compared the outcomes of patients with high-risk CLL treated with alloSCT, a B-cell receptor pathway inhibitor (BCRi), and both. Seventy-one patients were treated with BCRis, 67 patients underwent reduced-intensity conditioning alloSCT, and 19 received alloSCT with a BCRi before and/or after transplantation. Inverse probability of treatment weighting analyses were performed to compare the alloSCT and no-alloSCT groups; in the 2 groups, 5-year OS, PFS, and cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality (NRM) and relapse were 40% versus 60% (P = .096), 34% versus 17% (P = .638), 28% versus 5% (P = .016), and 38% versus 83% (P = .005), respectively. Patients treated with alloSCT plus BCRi had a 3-year OS of 83%. The 3-year OS and NRM by year of alloSCT, including patients treated with BCRi, were 53% and 17% in 2000 to 2007, 55% and 30% in 2008 to 2012, and 72% and 18% in 2013 to 2018. In conclusion, the combination of pathway inhibitors and alloSCT is feasible and may further improve the outcome of high-risk CLL patients.
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Is chronic lymphocytic leukemia curable? A clinical case relapsing 21 years after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2020; 55:1860-1861. [PMID: 32203265 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-0861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Treatment landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has changed since 2014 after the introduction of inhibitors of B-cell receptor signaling pathway (ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, idelalisib and duvelisib) and the inhibitor of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 (venetoclax). In 2019, novel agents were upgraded from being a "great treatment option" to the "preferred choice" for all lines of treatment after number of randomized clinical trials proved their superiority compared to conventional chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) regimens. A growing number of next-generation molecules are in clinical trials with a promise of improved efficacy and less toxicity. This includes agents with expected better safety profile (zanubrutinib, umbralisib, etc.) or more importantly with a potential to overcome the resistance mechanism to early generation agents (ARQ-531, LOXO-305, or vecabrutinib). Early intervention has once again become an active topic of research and, if proven to provide an overall survival benefit, will eliminate the "watch and wait" strategy for asymptomatic CLL patients. Until then, treatment should only be offered to patients who meet the standard treatment indication in standard practice. With our upgraded therapeutic toolbox, there are and will be many unanswered questions. CLL field will need to define the optimal treatment sequence and most effective combinations with a goal of having a time-limited and chemotherapy-free regimen that provides longest remissions and potentially cure. Cellular immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) may become available for high-risk CLL along with allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT). Financial toxicity of novel agents especially when used in combination will need to be an important aspect of research in coming years to avoid unnecessary overtreatment of patients. As current prognostic models (CLL-IPI, etc.) were developed and validated in the CIT era, there is ongoing effort to develop new models using clinical and molecular characteristics to accurately define high-risk CLL in the era of novel agents. We all need to keep in mind that access to the novel agents is currently limited to certain developed countries and every effort should be made to make sure patients around the world also benefit from these outstanding drugs.
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Shadman M, Maloney DG, Storer B, Sandmaier BM, Chauncey TR, Smedegaard Andersen N, Niederwieser D, Shizuru J, Bruno B, Pulsipher MA, Maziarz RT, Agura ED, Hari P, Langston AA, Maris MB, McSweeney PA, Storb R, Sorror ML. Rituximab-based allogeneic transplant for chronic lymphocytic leukemia with comparison to historical experience. Bone Marrow Transplant 2020; 55:172-181. [PMID: 31481800 PMCID: PMC6940535 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-019-0660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Relapse of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) remains a clinical challenge. We studied in a phase II trial whether the addition of peri-transplant rituximab would reduce the relapse risk compared with historical controls (n = 157). Patients (n = 55) received fludarabine and low-dose total body irradiation combined with rituximab on days -3, + 10, + 24, + 36. Relapse rate at 3 years was significantly lower among rituximab-treated patients versus controls (17% versus 31%; P = 0.04). Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) were statistically similar: (53% versus 50%; P = 0.8), (44% versus 42%; P = 0.63), and (38% versus 28%; P = 0.2), respectively. In multivariate analysis, rituximab treatment was associated with lower relapse rates both in the overall cohort [hazard ratio (HR): 0.34, P = 0.006] and in patients with high-risk cytogenetics (HR: 0.21, P = 0.0003). Patients with no comorbidities who received rituximab conditioning had an OS rate of 100% and 75% at 1 and 3 years, respectively, with no NRM. Peri-transplant rituximab reduced relapse rates regardless of high-risk cytogenetics. HCT is associated with minimal NRM in patients without comorbidities and is a viable option for patients with high-risk CLL. Clinical trial information: NCT00867529.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Shadman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David G Maloney
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barry Storer
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brenda M Sandmaier
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas R Chauncey
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Dietger Niederwieser
- Division of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Benedetto Bruno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Michael A Pulsipher
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard T Maziarz
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Edward D Agura
- Blood & Marrow Transplant Program, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Parameswaran Hari
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rainer Storb
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mohamed L Sorror
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Aitken MJL, Lee HJ, Post SM. Emerging treatment options for patients with p53-pathway-deficient CLL. Ther Adv Hematol 2019; 10:2040620719891356. [PMID: 31839919 PMCID: PMC6896129 DOI: 10.1177/2040620719891356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 40 years, p53 has been the most widely studied protein in cancer biology. Originally thought to be an oncogene due to its stabilization in many cancers, it is now considered to be one of the most critical tumor suppressors in a cell's ability to combat neoplastic transformation. Due to its critical roles in apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, and senescence, TP53 deletions and mutations are commonly observed and are often a portent of treatment failures and poor clinical outcomes. This is particularly true in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), as patients with p53 alterations have historically had dismal outcomes. As such, the tremendous efforts made to better understand the functions of p53 in CLL have contributed substantially to recent advances in treating patients with p53-pathway-deficient CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa J L Aitken
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hun J Lee
- Department of Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sean M Post
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030-4000, USA
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20
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Vo P, Gooley TA, Rajendran JG, Fisher DR, Orozco JJ, Green DJ, Gopal AK, Haaf R, Nartea M, Storb R, Appelbaum FR, Press OW, Pagel JM, Sandmaier BM. Yttrium-90-labeled anti-CD45 antibody followed by a reduced-intensity hematopoietic cell transplantation for patients with relapsed/refractory leukemia or myelodysplasia. Haematologica 2019; 105:1731-1737. [PMID: 31582553 PMCID: PMC7271581 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.229492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Outcomes of patients with persistent high-risk leukemia or myelodysplasia prior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation are dismal. We therefore conducted a phase I trial evaluating the use of CD45-targeted radiotherapy preceding hematopoietic cell transplantation with the goal of improving outcomes for this high-risk scenario. Fifteen patients, median age 62 (range 37-76) years, were treated: ten with advanced acute myeloid leukemia, five with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. All patients had evidence of disease prior to treatment including nine with marrow blast counts ranging from 7-84% and six with minimal residual disease. Patients received escalating doses of yttrium-90-labeled anti-CD45 antibody followed by fludarabine and 2 Gy total body irradiation prior to human leukocyte antigen-matched, related or unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation. Although a maximum dose of 30 Gy was delivered to the liver, no dose-limiting toxicity was observed. Therefore, the maximum-tolerated dose could not be estimated. Treatment led to complete remission in 13 patients (87%). All patients engrafted by day 28. Six patients relapsed, median of 59 (range 6-351) days, after transplantation. The 1-year estimate of relapse was 41%. Eight patients (53%) are surviving with median follow up of 1.8 (range 0.9-5.9) years. Estimated overall survival at one and two years was 66% and 46%, respectively, with progression-free survival estimated to be 46% at each time point. In conclusion, the combination of 90Y-DOTA-BC8 with an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation regimen was feasible and tolerable. This approach appears promising in this high-risk leukemia/myelodysplasia patient population with active disease. (Trial registered at clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01300572.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Vo
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Ted A Gooley
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | | | - Johnnie J Orozco
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Damian J Green
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Ajay K Gopal
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Robyn Haaf
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle
| | - Margaret Nartea
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle
| | - Rainer Storb
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Frederick R Appelbaum
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Oliver W Press
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Brenda M Sandmaier
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle .,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
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21
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Andersen NS, Bornhäuser M, Gramatzki M, Dreger P, Vitek A, Karas M, Michallet M, Moreno C, van Gelder M, Henseler A, de Wreede LC, Schönland S, Kröger N, Schetelig J. Reduced intensity conditioning regimens including alkylating chemotherapy do not alter survival outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia compared to low-intensity non-myeloablative conditioning. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:2823-2834. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Durable Leukemic Remission and Autologous Marrow Recovery with Random Chromosomal Abnormalities after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Case Rep Hematol 2019; 2019:9710790. [PMID: 30719361 PMCID: PMC6335663 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9710790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 38-year-old woman with aggressive clinical course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was treated with 8 courses of R-CHOP. Clinical remission was achieved, while B-cell clonality remained. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed with reduced intensity conditioning (fludarabine and 2-Gy total body irradiation). However, autologous hematopoietic recovery occurred within a month after the transplant. Nevertheless, B-cell clonality became undetectable at 14 days after transplant, which has been kept so for over 10 years with clinical remission. Cytogenetic analyses were repeatedly performed and demonstrated nonclonal chromosomal aberrations, although the patient did not develop any secondary malignancies. One possible explanation for the clinical course is a very short-term allogeneic immune reaction helping eradication of residual CLL cells.
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23
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Campo E, Cymbalista F, Ghia P, Jäger U, Pospisilova S, Rosenquist R, Schuh A, Stilgenbauer S. TP53 aberrations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: an overview of the clinical implications of improved diagnostics. Haematologica 2018; 103:1956-1968. [PMID: 30442727 PMCID: PMC6269313 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.187583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is associated with a highly heterogeneous disease course in terms of clinical outcomes and responses to chemoimmunotherapy. This heterogeneity is partly due to genetic aberrations identified in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells such as mutations of TP53 and/or deletions in chromosome 17p [del(17p)], resulting in loss of one TP53 allele. These aberrations are associated with markedly decreased survival and predict impaired response to chemoimmunotherapy thus being among the strongest predictive markers guiding treatment decisions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clinical trials demonstrate the importance of accurately testing for TP53 aberrations [both del(17p) and TP53 mutations] before each line of treatment to allow for appropriate treatment decisions that can optimize patients' outcomes. The current report reviews the diagnostic methods to detect TP53 disruption better, the role of TP53 aberrations in treatment decisions and current therapies available for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia carrying these abnormalities. The standardization in sequencing technologies for accurate identification of TP53 mutations and the importance of continued evaluation of TP53 aberrations throughout initial and subsequent lines of therapy remain unmet clinical needs as new therapeutic alternatives become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Campo
- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, and CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Florence Cymbalista
- Hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, UMR INSERMU978/Paris 13 University, Bobigny, France
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sarka Pospisilova
- Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Germany and Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
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24
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Puronen CE, Cassaday RD, Stevenson PA, Sandmaier BM, Flowers ME, Green DJ, Maloney DG, Storb RF, Press OW, Gopal AK. Long-Term Follow-Up of 90Y-Ibritumomab Tiuxetan, Fludarabine, and Total Body Irradiation-Based Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Transplant Conditioning for Persistent High-Risk B Cell Lymphoma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018; 24:2211-2215. [PMID: 30454872 PMCID: PMC6251312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) can provide prolonged remissions in patients with advanced B cell lymphoma (B-NHL) via the graft-versus-lymphoma effect, although inferior results are seen in patients with chemoresistant, bulky, or aggressive disease. Radioimmunotherapy can safely induce responses in B-NHL with minimal nonhematologic toxicity. Initial results of 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan-based allografting demonstrated early safety and disease control in nonremission patients but with short follow-up. Here we report the long-term outcomes of patients treated on this study with specific emphasis on patients achieving early remissions. Eleven of 40 patients were alive at a median follow-up of 9 years (range, 5.3 to 10.2). Fourteen (35%) deaths were due to disease progression and 14 (35%) deaths to complications from HCT. One patient died of a Merkel cell carcinoma. The 5-year overall and progression-free survival for patients with indolent B-NHL was 40% and 27.5%, respectively. None of the patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma was a long-term disease-free survivor regardless of early remission status. 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan-based allografting represents a viable option in patients with indolent histologies. Improved strategies are needed for aggressive B-NHL. The original trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00119392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille E Puronen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ryan D Cassaday
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Philip A Stevenson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brenda M Sandmaier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mary E Flowers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Damian J Green
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - David G Maloney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rainer F Storb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Oliver W Press
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ajay K Gopal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
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High-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the era of pathway inhibitors: integrating molecular and cellular therapies. Blood 2018; 132:892-902. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-01-826008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHigh-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been defined by clinical and/or genetic resistance (TP53 abnormalities) to treatment with chemoimmunotherapy (CIT). With the availability of pathway inhibitors (PIs), such as kinase inhibitors and BCL2 antagonists, the outlook of CIT-resistant patients has dramatically improved. Here, we propose a revision of the concept of high-risk CLL, driven by TP53 abnormalities and response to treatment with PI. CLL high-risk-I, CIT-resistant is defined by clinically CIT-resistant disease with TP53 aberrations, but fully responsive to PI. This category is largely the domain of PI-based therapy, and cellular therapy (ie, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation) remains an option only in selected patients with low individual procedure-related risk. In CLL high-risk-II, CIT- and PI-resistant, characterized by increasing exhaustion of pharmacological treatment possibilities, cellular therapies (including chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells) should be considered in patients eligible for these procedures. Moreover, molecular and cellular therapies are not mutually exclusive and could be used synergistically to exploit their full potential.
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Evers M, Jak M, Leusen JHW. The latest developments with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:973-982. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1508444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Evers
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Margot Jak
- Department of Hematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J. H. W. Leusen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Sureda A, Dreger P, Bishop MR, Kroger N, Porter DL. Prevention and treatment of relapse after stem cell transplantation in lymphoid malignancies. Bone Marrow Transplant 2018; 54:17-25. [PMID: 29795433 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-018-0214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Relapse is now the major cause of treatment failure after allogeneic HSCT (alloHSCT). Many novel strategies to address this critical issue are now being developed and tested. At the 3rd International Workshop on Biology, Prevention, and Treatment of Relapse held in Hamburg, Germany in November 2016, international experts presented and discussed recent developments in the field. Some approaches may be applicable to a wide range of patients after transplant, whereas some may be very disease-specific. We present a report from the session dedicated to issues related to prevention and treatment of relapse of lymphoid malignancies after alloHSCT. This session included detailed reviews as well as forward-looking commentaries that focused on Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma, diffuse large cell and follicular lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sureda
- Hematology Department Institut Català d'Oncologia - Hospitale Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Dreger
- Department Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michael R Bishop
- Hematopoietic Cellular Therapy Program Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicolaus Kroger
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David L Porter
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Pennsylvania and Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Ibrutinib for bridging to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or mantle cell lymphoma: a study by the EBMT Chronic Malignancies and Lymphoma Working Parties. Bone Marrow Transplant 2018; 54:44-52. [DOI: 10.1038/s41409-018-0207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Edelmann J, Gribben JG. Managing Patients With TP53-Deficient Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. J Oncol Pract 2018; 13:371-377. [PMID: 28605616 DOI: 10.1200/jop.2017.023291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) having a chromosomal loss on the short arm of chromosome 17 including the TP53 gene locus (17p deletion) and/or having mutations in TP53 have a short overall survival and, until recently, limited treatment options. The recent introduction of two novel substance classes, B-cell receptor inhibitors and BH3 mimetics, into CLL treatment has provided enormous clinical progress in this previously difficult-to-treat patient subgroup characterized by high risk for treatment failure with standard chemoimmunotherapy and rapid disease progression. Compounds now approved for the treatment of TP53-deficient CLL are the two B-cell receptor inhibitors ibrutinib and idelalisib and the BH3 mimetic venetoclax. All three compounds were approved on the basis of favorable response rates that, importantly, revealed no differences between TP53-competent and TP53-deficient CLL cases. Using these compounds, longer-lasting remissions in patients with TP53-deficient CLL could be demonstrated for the first time. Whether TP53 alterations will maintain their significance as adverse prognostic factors in treatment strategies involving novel compounds needs to be assessed. This review provides an overview of current treatment options for 17p-deleted/ TP53-mutated CLL, including those compounds that are already approved by the US Food and Drug Administration or are under advanced clinical investigation. Available clinical trial data are discussed, as is the use of novel targeted treatment options in the context of transplant strategies, and an algorithm for off-study treatment of 17p-deficient CLL is suggested.
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Kersting S, Neppelenbroek SI, Visser HP, van Gelder M, Levin MD, Mous R, Posthuma W, van der Straaten HM, Kater AP. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) in The Netherlands. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2018; 18:52-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Annalisa A, Simona B, Lara P, Elena T, Filippo MC, Angela R, Luca Z, Daniele V. Ibrutinib as a bridge to transplant in high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A case report and review of the literature. Leuk Res Rep 2017; 8:21-23. [PMID: 29234595 PMCID: PMC5717301 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been challenged by the advent of novel classes of drugs, such as B-cell receptor (BCR)-inhibitors and BCL-2 antagonists. In selected high-risk patients, the choice to start allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT) or continue these agents is a matter of debate. Furthermore, published data about the impact on the feasibility of alloHCT and the optimal timing of administration are limited. Here we present a case of relapsed TP53 mutated CLL treated with ibrutinib as a bridge to alloHCT, discussing risks and benefits of different treatment options in a “real life” situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arcari Annalisa
- Hematology Unit and Transplantion Center, "Guglielmo da Saliceto" Hospital, via Taverna 49, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Bassi Simona
- Hematology Unit and Transplantion Center, "Guglielmo da Saliceto" Hospital, via Taverna 49, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Pochintesta Lara
- Hematology Unit and Transplantion Center, "Guglielmo da Saliceto" Hospital, via Taverna 49, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Trabacchi Elena
- Hematology Unit and Transplantion Center, "Guglielmo da Saliceto" Hospital, via Taverna 49, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Moroni Carlo Filippo
- Hematology Unit and Transplantion Center, "Guglielmo da Saliceto" Hospital, via Taverna 49, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Rossi Angela
- Transfusional Centre and Immunohematology, Immunogenetics Laboratory, "Guglielmo da Saliceto" Hospital, via Taverna 49, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Zanlari Luca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Valdarda Hospital, via Roma 6, 29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Vallisa Daniele
- Hematology Unit and Transplantion Center, "Guglielmo da Saliceto" Hospital, via Taverna 49, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
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Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Moukalled N, Reljic T, El-Asmar J, Kumar A. Reduced intensity is preferred over myeloablative conditioning allogeneic HCT in chronic lymphocytic leukemia whenever indicated: A systematic review/meta-analysis. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2017; 11:53-64. [PMID: 29197550 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite availability of new and more effective therapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, presently this disease remains incurable unless eligible patients are offered an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. Recent published clinical practice recommendations on behalf of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation relegated the role of for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation to later stages of the disease. To our knowledge, no randomized controlled trial has been performed to date comparing myeloablative versus reduced intensity conditioning regimens in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients eligible for the procedure. We performed a systematic review/meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation when using myeloablative or reduced intensity conditioning regimens. We report the results in accordance to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Based on lower non-relapse mortality and slightly better overall survival rates, reduced intensity conditioning regimens appear to be the most desirable choice whenever the procedure is indicated for this disease. It appears highly unlikely that a RCT will be ever performed comparing reduced intensity vs. myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In the absence of such a study, results of this systematic review/meta-analysis represent the best available evidence supporting this recommendation whenever indicated in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Kharfan-Dabaja
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, USA; Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nour Moukalled
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tea Reljic
- Program for Comparative Effectiveness Research, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jessica El-Asmar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ambuj Kumar
- Program for Comparative Effectiveness Research, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Gauthier J, Chantepie S, Bouabdallah K, Jost E, Nguyen S, Gac AC, Damaj G, Duléry R, Michallet M, Delage J, Lewalle P, Morschhauser F, Salles G, Yakoub-Agha I, Cornillon J. [Allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation for indolent lymphomas: Guidelines from the Francophone Society Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC)]. Bull Cancer 2017; 104:S121-S130. [PMID: 29173973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite great improvements in the outcome of patients with lymphoma, some may still relapse or present with primary refractory disease. In these situations, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is a potentially curative option, this is true particularly the case of relapse after autologous stem cell transplantation. Recently, novel agents such as anti-PD1 and BTK inhibitors have started to challenge the use of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for relapsed or refractory lymphoma. During the 2016 annual workshop of the Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC), we performed a comprehensive review of the literature published in the last 10 years and established guidelines to clarify the indications and transplant modalities in this setting. This paper specifically reports on our conclusions regarding indolent lymphomas, mainly follicular lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Gauthier
- CHRU de Lille, pôle spécialités médicales et gérontologie, service des maladies du sang, secteur allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques, 59037 Lille, France; Université de Lille, UFR médecine, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Sylvain Chantepie
- AP-HP, hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, service d'hématologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Edgar Jost
- Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Klinik für Onkologie, Hämatologie und Stammzelltransplantation, Aachen, Allemagne
| | | | - Anne-Claire Gac
- AP-HP, hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, service d'hématologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Gandhi Damaj
- AP-HP, hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, service d'hématologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Rémy Duléry
- AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine, service d'hématologie, 75012 Paris, France
| | | | - Jérémy Delage
- CHU de Montpellier, service d'hématologie, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Lewalle
- Université libre de Bruxelles, institut Jules-Bordet, service d'hématologie, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Franck Morschhauser
- CHRU de Lille, pôle spécialités médicales et gérontologie, service des maladies du sang, secteur allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques, 59037 Lille, France; Université de Lille, UFR médecine, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Gilles Salles
- CHU de Lyon, service d'hématologie, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha
- CHRU de Lille, pôle spécialités médicales et gérontologie, service des maladies du sang, secteur allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques, 59037 Lille, France; CHU de Lille, université de Lille2, LIRIC Inserm U995, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Cornillon
- Institut de cancérologie Lucien-Neuwirth, département d'hématologie clinique, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France.
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Frailty: the missing piece of the pre- hematopoietic cell transplantation assessment? Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 53:3-10. [PMID: 29084201 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) represents a curative option for those afflicted with numerous hematologic malignancies and bone marrow failure syndromes. Advances and refinement of the HSCT process have resulted in increasing number of transplants performed on older patients in the recent years. Pre-transplant assessments (PTA) function to risk stratify patients prior to undergoing HSCT in an effort to predict those at higher risk of treatment-related toxicity, to inform risk/benefit assessments and to aid clinical decision making. Traditionally used risk stratification parameters such as chronologic age, comorbidity and performance status may not fully capture physical function, physiologic fitness, highlighting a need for improvement in PTA. Incorporation of frailty measurements in pre-HSCT assessments, particularly in elderly transplant candidates, may result in improving predictive ability of existing tools such as the Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Comorbidity Index and Karnofsky performance status. Here, we review existing pre-HSCT assessment tools, measures of frailty that may aid in risk stratification for patients undergoing HSCT and directions for future research using frailty in the pre-HSCT setting.
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Jain MD, Davila ML. Concise Review: Emerging Principles from the Clinical Application of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapies for B Cell Malignancies. Stem Cells 2017; 36:36-44. [PMID: 29024301 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Gene-engineered T cell therapies are soon to be United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for at least two types of B cell malignancies in pediatric and adult patients, in the form of CD19 targeted chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy. This represents a triumph of a true bench to bedside clinical translation of a therapy that was conceived of in the early 1990s. Clinical results have demonstrated efficacious responses in patients with the CD19 positive diseases B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B cell lymphoma. However, significant challenges have emerged, including worrisome immune-related toxicities, therapy resistance, and understanding how to administer CD19 CAR T cells in clinical practice. Although much remains to be learned, pioneering clinical trials have led to foundational insights about the clinical translation of this novel therapy. Here, we review the "lessons learned" from the pre-clinical and human experience with CAR T cell therapy. Stem Cells 2018;36:36-44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Jain
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Immunotherapy, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Marco L Davila
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Immunotherapy, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Baseline Characteristics Predicting Very Good Outcome of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Young Patients With High Cytogenetic Risk Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - A Retrospective Analysis From the Chronic Malignancies Working Party of the EBMT. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2017; 17:667-675.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Mato AR, Thompson MC, Nabhan C, Svoboda J, Schuster SJ. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Narrative Review. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2017; 17:852-856. [PMID: 28826693 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The treatment landscape for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is changing rapidly. Novel targeted agents such as ibrutinib, venetoclax, and idelalisib have had a significant effect on first-line, relapsed/refractory, and high-risk disease. Despite these advances, there are continuous needs for new treatment options, especially for patients in whom these novel therapies fail or those who cannot tolerate these novel therapies. In 2011, Porter et al reported the first successful use of autologous chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CARTs) directed against cluster of differentiation (CD)19 in 3 refractory CLL patients. Several groups have since shown success with similar approaches in various settings of CLL, including failure of ibrutinib treatment and in patients who relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Although CD19-directed CART therapy holds great promise in CLL and other diseases, many challenges and questions remain including: optimization of the lymphodepletion regimen before CART infusion, optimal dosing of CART, a determination of the most effective CART product (T-cell subset[s]) as well as the optimal combinations and therapeutic sequences, and managing treatment-associated adverse events. Clinical trials addressing these challenges are in process. In this timely review, we analyze current state of CART therapy in CLL and attempt answering remaining questions.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Remission Induction
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Mato
- Center for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Meghan C Thompson
- Center for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Jakub Svoboda
- Center for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephen J Schuster
- Center for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Patriarca F, Giaccone L, Onida F, Castagna L, Sarina B, Montefusco V, Mussetti A, Mordini N, Maino E, Greco R, Peccatori J, Festuccia M, Zaja F, Volpetti S, Risitano A, Bassan R, Corradini P, Ciceri F, Fanin R, Baccarani M, Rambaldi A, Bonifazi F, Bruno B. New drugs and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancies: do they have a role in bridging, consolidating or conditioning transplantation treatment? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:821-836. [PMID: 28506131 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1324567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Novel targeted therapies and monoclonal antibodies can be combined with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) at different time-points: 1) before the transplant to reduce tumour burden, 2) as part of the conditioning in place of or in addition to conventional agents 3) after the transplant to allow long-term disease control. Areas covered: This review focuses on the current integration of new drugs with allo-SCT for the treatment of major hematological malignancies for which allo-SCT has been a widely-adopted therapy. Expert opinion: After having been used as single agent salvage treatments in relapsed patients after allo-SCT or in combination with donor lymphocyte infusions, many new drugs have also been safely employed before allo-SCT as a bridge to transplantation or after it as planned consolidation/maintenance. This era of new drugs has opened new important opportunities to 'smartly' combine 'targeted drugs and cell therapies' in new treatment paradigms that may lead to higher cure rates or longer disease control in patients with hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Patriarca
- a Hematology, DAME , University Hospital, University of Udine , Udine , Italy
| | - Luisa Giaccone
- b A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Department of Oncology and Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Francesco Onida
- c Hematology, Maggiore Hospital , University of Milano, Milan , Italy
| | | | | | - Vittorio Montefusco
- e Hematology and Bone Marrow Unit , Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milano , Italy
| | - Alberto Mussetti
- e Hematology and Bone Marrow Unit , Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milano , Italy
| | - Nicola Mordini
- f Hematology , S. Croce e Carle Hospital , Cuneo , Italy
| | - Elena Maino
- g Hematology , Hospital of Mestre (Ve) , Mestre (Ve) , Italy
| | - Raffaella Greco
- h Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit , IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milano , Italy
| | - Jacopo Peccatori
- h Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit , IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milano , Italy
| | - Moreno Festuccia
- b A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Department of Oncology and Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Francesco Zaja
- a Hematology, DAME , University Hospital, University of Udine , Udine , Italy
| | - Stefano Volpetti
- a Hematology, DAME , University Hospital, University of Udine , Udine , Italy
| | - Antonio Risitano
- i Division of Hematology , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Renato Bassan
- g Hematology , Hospital of Mestre (Ve) , Mestre (Ve) , Italy
| | - Paolo Corradini
- e Hematology and Bone Marrow Unit , Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milano , Italy
| | | | - Renato Fanin
- a Hematology, DAME , University Hospital, University of Udine , Udine , Italy
| | - Michele Baccarani
- k Hematology , University-Hospital S. Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Alessandro Rambaldi
- l Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Francesca Bonifazi
- k Hematology , University-Hospital S. Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Benedetto Bruno
- b A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Department of Oncology and Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
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Khouri MR, Jabbour EJ, Gulbis AM, Turturro F, Ledesma C, Korbling M, Samuels BI, Ahmed S, Alousi AM, Ciurea SO, Marin D, Patel KK, Popat UR, Bueso-Ramos CE, Bassett RL, Khouri IF. Feasibility of Lenalidomide Therapy for Persistent Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia after Allogeneic Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 23:1405-1410. [PMID: 28495642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), persistence of disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) can result in poor outcomes. In an effort to improve these outcomes, patients with persistent CLL who were 90 to 100 days beyond alloSCT with no evidence of graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) were randomized to receive lenalidomide or standard care (withdrawal of immunosuppression followed by donor lymphocyte infusion). Lenalidomide was initiated at 5 mg every other day and increased to 10 mg daily, if tolerated, in each patient. Of 38 patients enrolled, 17 (45%) met the eligibility criteria for randomization. Of these 17 patients, 8 were randomized to undergo lenalidomide therapy. Five (62%) patients had to stop taking the drug because of toxicity. The main reason for drug discontinuation was acute GVHD in 43% of patients. This incidence was 11% in the patients who were randomized to not receive lenalidomide. With a median follow-up of 2.6 years, the median survival was 3.4 years for those receiving lenalidomide. This was not reached in patients randomized to not receive lenalidomide and in patients in complete remission who were not randomized. These results suggested that treatments other than lenalidomide are needed for persistent CLL after alloSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Khouri
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elias J Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alison M Gulbis
- Division of Pharmacy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Francesco Turturro
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Celina Ledesma
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Martin Korbling
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Barry I Samuels
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sairah Ahmed
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Amin M Alousi
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stefan O Ciurea
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David Marin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Krina K Patel
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Uday R Popat
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carlos E Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Roland L Bassett
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Issa F Khouri
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Thompson PA, Stingo F, Keating MJ, Wierda WG, O'Brien SM, Estrov Z, Ledesma C, Rezvani K, Qazilbash M, Shah N, Parmar S, Popat U, Anderlini P, Yago N, Ciurea SO, Kebriaei P, Champlin R, Shpall EJ, Hosing CM. Long-term follow-up of patients receiving allogeneic stem cell transplant for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: mixed T-cell chimerism is associated with high relapse risk and inferior survival. Br J Haematol 2017; 177:567-577. [PMID: 28295181 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
There is limited information regarding the immunological predictors of post-allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloSCT) outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), such as mixed T-cell chimerism. We analysed 143 consecutive patients with relapsed/refractory CLL, transplanted between 2000 and 2012, to determine the prognostic relevance of mixed chimerism post-alloSCT and the ability of post-transplant immunomodulation to treat relapse. Mixed T-cell chimerism occurred in 50% of patients at 3 months and 43% at 6 months post-alloSCT; upon 3- and 6-month landmark analysis, this was associated with inferior progression-free survival (PFS) [Hazard ratio (HR) 1·93, P = 0·003 and HR 2·58, P < 0·001] and survival (HR 1·66, P = 0·05 and HR 2·17, P < 0·001), independent of baseline patient characteristics, and a lower rate of grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GHVD) (16% vs. 52%, P < 0·001). Thirty-three patients were treated with immunomodulation for relapse post-alloSCT (immunosuppression withdrawal, n = 6, donor lymphocyte infusion, n = 27); 17 achieved complete response (CR), which predicted superior PFS (53 months vs. 10 months, P < 0·001) and survival (117 months vs. 30 months, P = 0·006). Relapsed patients with mixed chimerism had inferior response to immunomodulation; conversion to full donor chimerism was highly correlated both with CR and with the development of severe acute GVHD, which was fatal in 3/8 patients. Novel therapeutic strategies are required for patients with mixed T-cell chimerism post-alloSCT for CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aftercare/methods
- Aged
- Chimerism
- Epidemiologic Methods
- Female
- Graft Survival/genetics
- Graft vs Host Disease/etiology
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Lymphocyte Transfusion/adverse effects
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Recurrence
- Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
- Stem Cell Transplantation/mortality
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Thompson
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francesco Stingo
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William G Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan M O'Brien
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Celina Ledesma
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Muzaffar Qazilbash
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nina Shah
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Simrit Parmar
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Uday Popat
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paolo Anderlini
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nieto Yago
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefan O Ciurea
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Partow Kebriaei
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard Champlin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chitra M Hosing
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Valenta S, De Geest S, Fierz K, Beckmann S, Halter J, Schanz U, Nair G, Kirsch M. Perception of late effects among long-term survivors after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Descriptive analysis and validation of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. A sub-study of the PROVIVO study. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2017; 27:17-27. [PMID: 28279392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To give a first description of the perception of late effects among long-term survivors after Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) and to validate the German Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ). METHODS This is a secondary analysis of data from the cross-sectional, mixed-method PROVIVO study, which included 376 survivors from two Swiss HSCT-centres. First, we analysed the sample characteristics and the distribution for each BIPQ item. Secondly, we tested three validity types following the American Educational Research Association (AERA)Standards: content validity indices (CVIs) were assessed based on an expert survey (n = 9). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) explored the internal structure, and correlations tested the validity in relations to other variables including data from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the number and burden of late effects and clinical variables. RESULTS In total, 319 HSCT recipients returned completed BIPQs. For this sample, the most feared threat for post-transplant life was long lasting late effects (median = 8/10). The expert-survey revealed an overall acceptable CVI (0.82), three items-on personal control, treatment control and causal representation-yielded low CVIs (<.78). The CFA confirmed that the BIPQ fits the underlying construct, the Common-Sense Model (CSM) (χ2 (df) = 956.321, p = 0.00). The HADS-scores correlated strongly with the item emotional representation (r = 0.648; r = 0.656). CONCLUSION According to its overall content validity, the German BIPQ is a promising instrument to gain deeper insights into patients' perceptions of HSCT late effects. However, as three items revealed potential problems, improvements and adaptions in translation are therefore required. Following these revisions, validity evidence should be re-examined through an in-depth patient survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Valenta
- Nursing Science (INS), Department Public Health (DPH), University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Haematology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabina De Geest
- Nursing Science (INS), Department Public Health (DPH), University of Basel, Switzerland; Centre for Health Services and Nursing Research, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katharina Fierz
- Nursing Science (INS), Department Public Health (DPH), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Beckmann
- Nursing Science (INS), Department Public Health (DPH), University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Abdomen-Metabolism, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Halter
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Schanz
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gayathri Nair
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Haematology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Kirsch
- Department of Anaesthesiology / Pain Service, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.
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43
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Algrin C, Golmard JL, Michallet M, Reman O, Huynh A, Perrot A, Sirvent A, Plesa A, Salaun V, Béné MC, Bories D, Tournilhac O, Merle-Béral H, Leblond V, Le Garff-Tavernier M, Dhedin N. Flow cytometry minimal residual disease after allogeneic transplant for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Eur J Haematol 2017; 98:363-370. [PMID: 27943415 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates whether achieving complete remission (CR) with undetectable minimal residual disease (MRD) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) affects outcome. METHODS We retrospectively studied 46 patients transplanted for CLL and evaluated for post-transplant MRD by flow cytometry. RESULTS At transplant time, 43% of the patients were in CR, including one with undetectable MRD, 46% were in partial response, and 11% had refractory disease. After transplant, 61% of the patients achieved CR with undetectable MRD status. By multivariate analysis, reaching CR with undetectable MRD 12 months after transplant was the only factor associated with better progression-free survival (P = 0.02) and attaining undetectable MRD, independently of the time of negativity, was the only factor that correlated with better overall survival (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Thus, achieving undetectable MRD status after allo-SCT for CLL is a major goal to improve post-transplant outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Algrin
- Hématologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, GRC n°11, GRECHY, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Golmard
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Anne Huynh
- Hématologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Adriana Plesa
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU E. Herriot, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Hélène Merle-Béral
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Leblond
- Hématologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, GRC n°11, GRECHY, Paris, France
| | | | - Nathalie Dhedin
- Hématologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Unité d'Hématologie Adolescents Jeunes Adultes, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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44
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Schetelig J, de Wreede LC, van Gelder M, Andersen NS, Moreno C, Vitek A, Karas M, Michallet M, Machaczka M, Gramatzki M, Beelen D, Finke J, Delgado J, Volin L, Passweg J, Dreger P, Henseler A, van Biezen A, Bornhäuser M, Schönland SO, Kröger N. Risk factors for treatment failure after allogeneic transplantation of patients with CLL: a report from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:552-560. [PMID: 28112746 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
For young patients with high-risk CLL, BTK-/PI3K-inhibitors or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT) are considered. Patients with a low risk of non-relapse mortality (NRM) but a high risk of failure of targeted therapy may benefit most from alloHCT. We performed Cox regression analyses to identify risk factors for 2-year NRM and 5-year event-free survival (using EFS as a surrogate for long-term disease control) in a large, updated EBMT registry cohort (n= 694). For the whole cohort, 2-year NRM was 28% and 5-year EFS 37%. Higher age, lower performance status, unrelated donor type and unfavorable sex-mismatch had a significant adverse impact on 2-year NRM. Two-year NRM was calculated for good- and poor-risk reference patients. Predicted 2-year-NRM was 11 and 12% for male and female good-risk patients compared with 42 and 33% for male and female poor-risk patients. For 5-year EFS, age, performance status, prior autologous HCT, remission status and sex-mismatch had a significant impact, whereas del(17p) did not. The model-based prediction of 5-year EFS was 55% and 64%, respectively, for male and female good-risk patients. Good-risk transplant candidates with high-risk CLL and limited prognosis either on or after failure of targeted therapy should still be considered for alloHCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schetelig
- Medical Department I, University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Clinical Trials Unit, DKMS, gemeinnützige GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
| | - L C de Wreede
- Clinical Trials Unit, DKMS, gemeinnützige GmbH, Tübingen, Germany.,Department Medical Statistics & Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M van Gelder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, University Medical Center Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - N S Andersen
- BMT Unit, Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Moreno
- Hematologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Vitek
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Karas
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Charles University Hospital, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - M Michallet
- Hématologie, Center Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Lyon, France
| | - M Machaczka
- Department of Medicine at Huddinge, Hematology Center Karolinska and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Gramatzki
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - D Beelen
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - J Finke
- Department of Medicine-Hematology, University of Freiburg, Oncology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Delgado
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Hematology & Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Volin
- Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Passweg
- Department for Hematology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Dreger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Henseler
- Department Medical Statistics & Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A van Biezen
- Department Medical Statistics & Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Bornhäuser
- Medical Department I, University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - S O Schönland
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Kröger
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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45
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Long-term survival of patients with CLL after allogeneic transplantation: a report from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 52:372-380. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Rücker-Braun E, Link CS, Schmiedgen M, Tunger A, Vizjak P, Teipel R, Wehner R, Kühn D, Fuchs YF, Oelschlägel U, Germeroth L, Schmitz M, Bornhäuser M, Schetelig J, Heidenreich F. Longitudinal analyses of leukemia-associated antigen-specific CD8 + T cells in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:1024-1033.e1. [PMID: 27473564 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative treatment approach for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Graft versus leukemia (GVL) effects, which are exerted by donor T cells directed against leukemic-associated antigens (LAAs), are considered to play a crucial role in disease eradication. Although the expansion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific for cytomegalovirus (CMV) in response to an infection has been shown in multiple studies, data on CTLs mediating GVL effects are limited. To evaluate a potential increase or decrease of T lymphocytes specific for LAAs in the setting of allogeneic HSCT, we monitored leukemia-specific CD8+ T cells throughout the first year after HSCT in 18 patients using streptamer technology. A broad panel of promising LAAs was selected: Wilms tumor protein, proteinase 3, receptor for hyaluronan acid-mediated motility, apoptosis regulator Bcl-2, survivin, nucleophosmin, and fibromodulin. T cells specifically directed against AML- or CLL-associated antigens were found at very low frequencies in peripheral blood. Substantial frequencies of LAA-specific T cells could not be measured at any time point by flow cytometry. In contrast, abundant CMV-pp65-specific T cells were detected in CMV-seropositive patient-recipient pairs and an increase prompted by CMV infection could be demonstrated. In conclusion, T lymphocytes with specificities for the aforementioned LAAs can only be detected in minimal quantities in the early phase after allogeneic HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Rücker-Braun
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Cornelia S Link
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Schmiedgen
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Tunger
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Petra Vizjak
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Raphael Teipel
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rebekka Wehner
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Denise Kühn
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yannik F Fuchs
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uta Oelschlägel
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Marc Schmitz
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Schetelig
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; DKMS, German Bone Marrow Donor Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Falk Heidenreich
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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47
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Bendamustine added to allogeneic conditioning improves long-term outcomes in patients with CLL. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 52:28-33. [PMID: 27595282 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bendamustine has shown a favorable safety profile when included in chemotherapy regimens for several types of lymphoma, including CLL. This study investigated the long-term effect of adding bendamustine to a conditioning regimen on survival, rate of engraftment, immune recovery and GvHD after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) in CLL patients. These outcomes were compared with the fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR) conditioning regimen. We reviewed the data for 89 CLL patients treated on three trials at our institution. Twenty-six (29%) patients received bendamustine, fludarabine and rituximab (BFR) and 63 (71%) received FCR. Patient characteristics were similar in both groups. Ten (38%) BFR-treated patients vs only two (3%) FCR-treated patients did not experience severe neutropenia (P=<0.001). The 3-year overall survival estimates for the BFR and FCR groups were 82 and 51% (P=0.03), and the 3-year PFS estimates were 63% and 27% (P=0.001), respectively. The 2-year treatment-related mortality was 8 and 23% and the incidence of grade 3 or 4 GvHD was 4% and 10%, respectively. This study is the first to report that addition of bendamustine to alloSCT conditioning for CLL patients is associated with improved survival and lower mortality, myelosuppression, and GvHD.
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48
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Chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting Fc μ receptor selectively eliminate CLL cells while sparing healthy B cells. Blood 2016; 128:1711-22. [PMID: 27535994 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-01-692046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells targeting CD19 induced lasting remission of this refractory disease in a number of patients. However, the treatment is associated with prolonged "on-target off-tumor" toxicities due to the targeted elimination of healthy B cells demanding more selectivity in targeting CLL cells. We identified the immunoglobulin M Fc receptor (FcμR), also known as the Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule-3 or TOSO, as a target for a more selective treatment of CLL by CAR T cells. FcμR is highly and consistently expressed by CLL cells; only minor levels are detected on healthy B cells or other hematopoietic cells. T cells with a CAR specific for FcμR efficiently responded toward CLL cells, released a panel of proinflammatory cytokines and lytic factors, like soluble FasL and granzyme B, and eliminated the leukemic cells. In contrast to CD19 CAR T cells, anti-FcμR CAR T cells did not attack healthy B cells. T cells with anti-FcμR CAR delayed outgrowth of Mec-1-induced leukemia in a xenograft mouse model. T cells from CLL patients in various stages of the disease, modified by the anti-FcμR CAR, purged their autologous CLL cells in vitro without reducing the number of healthy B cells, which is the case with anti-CD19 CAR T cells. Compared with the currently used therapies, the data strongly imply a superior therapeutic index of anti-FcμR CAR T cells for the treatment of CLL.
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49
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Montserrat E, Dreger P. Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia With del(17p)/TP53 Mutation: Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation or BCR-Signaling Inhibitors? CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2016; 16 Suppl:S74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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50
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Elsawy M, Sorror ML. Up-to-date tools for risk assessment before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 51:1283-1300. [PMID: 27272454 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cure of malignant and non-malignant hematological diseases is potentially possible after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). Accurate evaluation of the risk-benefit ratio for an individual patient could improve the decision-making process about transplant, which ultimately would increase the likelihood of success. Several transplant-related models were designed in an effort to optimize decision-making about suitable candidates for allogeneic HCT. In 1998, The European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) developed a five-component pretransplantation risk scoring system for patients with CML. The EBMT score was later tested in patients with various hematological disorders, and it was shown to stratify risks of mortality after allogeneic HCT. More recent research efforts focused on models that assess health status before HCT. A HCT-specific comorbidity index was designed to assign weights to 17 relevant comorbidities that were shown to independently predict non-relapse mortality. Performance status scales and comprehensive geriatric assessment tools might uncover additional overall health limitations that affect long-term survival among older recipients of allogeneic HCT. Other models include the pretransplantation assessment of mortality score that summarizes the impacts of eight different pretransplantation patient- and disease-specific variables into a 50-point model that predicts survival. The disease-risk index captures the impact of primary diagnoses and disease status on relapse and survival following allogeneic HCT. The values and limitations of each model are discussed herein. We also provide insight on how to use these models in the clinic to decide about offering allogeneic HCT with the most suitable conditioning regimen intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elsawy
- Transplantation Biology Program, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M L Sorror
- Transplantation Biology Program, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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