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Vaz-Salgado MÁ, García BC, Pérez IF, Munárriz BJ, Domarco PS, González AH, Villar MV, Caro RL, Delgado MLV, Sánchez JMS. SEOM-GEINO clinical guidelines for grade 2 gliomas (2023). Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03456-x. [PMID: 38662171 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification has updated the definition of grade 2 gliomas and the presence of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation has been deemed the cornerstone of diagnosis. Though slow-growing and having a low proliferative index, grade 2 gliomas are incurable by surgery and complementary treatments are vital to improving prognosis. This guideline provides recommendations on the multidisciplinary treatment of grade 2 astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas based on the best evidence available.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Vaz-Salgado
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (Irycis) CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Belén Cigarral García
- Medical Oncology Department, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isaura Fernández Pérez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Paula Sampedro Domarco
- Medical Oncology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense (CHUO), Orense, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Hernández González
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol(ICO)-Badalona, Instituto Catalán de Oncología, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Vieito Villar
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Luque Caro
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Juan Manuel Sepúlveda Sánchez
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, HM Universitario Sanchinarro-CIOCC, Madrid, Spain.
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación 12 de Octubre (I+12), Madrid, Spain.
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Saroch P, Kalsotra G, Kalsotra P. Assessment of Effects of Chronic Mobile Phone Usage on Auditory Functions: A Study at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Northern India. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:1540-1548. [PMID: 38566696 PMCID: PMC10982274 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Genuine concerns are being increased regarding potential health risks associated with the radiation exposure while using mobile devices. To study the effects of mobile phone usage on auditory functions. The detailed history of the patient was obtained with special emphasis on total cumulative usage [in years], average daily use [in minutes]. According to the years of exposure, subjects were divided into Group A (< 5 years of exposure) and Group B (> 5 years of exposure) and according to the average daily usage of mobile phones, subjects were divided into Group 1 (< 60 min daily usage) and Group 2 (> 60 min of daily usage). After that systemic examination was done. Audiological testing included pure tone audiometry (PTA) with extended high frequencies (0.250-12 kHz), Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and Auditory Brainstem response (ABR) testing and middle latency response (MLR) were performed. Out of 100 subjects, maximum subjects (38%) in the present study were in the age group of 21-30 years with male: female ratio of 1.6:1. The main associated complaints in the subjects at the time of enrolment in the study included ear warmth (34%) followed by aural fullness (20%) and tinnitus (17%). In Group A, mild SNHL was seen in 3 (11.54%) subjects in whom 2 had > 60 min average daily use and 1 had < 60 min daily use. In Group B 19 (25.68%) subjects had mild SNHL out of which 6 were in Group 2 and 13 were in Group 1. In group B 2 (2.7%) subjects had moderate SNHL. Increase in latencies of Na and Pa were noted with prolonged and frequent exposure to mobile phones in MLR. It is advised to limit the usage of mobile phones so as to reduce the damage caused by EMRs to the auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Saroch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, ASCOMS, Jammu, 180017 India
| | - Gopika Kalsotra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, GMC, Jammu, India
| | - Parmod Kalsotra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, GMC, Jammu, India
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Brand L, Dunlap CA, Scott R, Arias A, Peters O. An in vitro evaluation of the WIRELE-x electronic apex locator. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:41-45. [PMID: 36106697 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the accuracy of the Wirele-X (Forum Tec, Ashkelon, Israel), a novel Bluetooth-enabled wireless electronic apex locator. Thirty-one extracted teeth with mature apices were used. Under 10X magnification, the actual canal lengths were determined. The teeth were embedded in alginate and electronic canal lengths were obtained using the Root ZX II and Wirele-X electronic apex locators. The actual canal lengths and electronic canal lengths were compared with Student's t-test. The average distance from the file tip to the actual canal length was -0.11 mm (±0.16) for the Root ZX II, and - 0.07 mm (±0.21) for the Wirele-X. There were no statistically significant differences between the two electronic apex locators in their ability to determine the actual canal length (p > 0.05). The wireless apex locator (Wirele-X) and the wired apex locator (Root ZX II) were found to be equally accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Brand
- Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Craig A Dunlap
- Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Raymond Scott
- Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anna Arias
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ove Peters
- Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
- Oral Health Centre, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Moon J. The relationship between radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation from cell phones and brain tumor: The brain tumor incidence trends in South Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 226:115657. [PMID: 36906274 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the nationwide cell phone subscription rate and the nationwide incidence of brain tumors in South Korea. The nationwide cell phone subscription rate was used as a proxy for the RF-EMR exposure assessment. METHODS The data for cell phone subscriptions per 100 persons from 1985 to 2019 were found in the Statistics, International Telecom Union (ITU). The brain tumor incidence data from 1999 to 2018 provided by the South Korea Central Cancer Registry operated by the National Cancer Center were used. RESULTS In South Korea, the subscription rate increased from 0 per 100 persons in 1991 to 57 per 100 persons in 2000. The subscription rate became 97 per 100 persons in 2009 and 135 per 100 persons in 2019. For the correlation coefficient between cell phone subscription rate before 10 years and ASIR per 100,000, a positive correlation coefficient with a statistical significance was reported in 3 benign brain tumors (International Classification of Diseases, ICD-10 code, D32, D33, and D32.0) and in 3 malignant brain tumors (ICD-10 code, C71.0, C71.1, and C71.2). Positive correlation coefficients with a statistical significance in malignant brain tumors ranged from 0.75 (95% CI 0.46-0.90) for C71.0 to 0.85 (95% CI 0.63-0.93) for C71.1. DISCUSSION In consideration of the fact that the main route for RF-EMR exposure has been through the frontotemporal side of the brain (the location of both ears), the positive correlation coefficient with a statistical significance in the frontal lobe (C71.1) and temporal lobe (C71.2) can be understood. Statistically insignificant results from recent cohort and large population international studies and contrasting results from many previous case-control studies could indicate a difficulty in identifying a factor as a determinant of a disease in ecological study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Moon
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inhang-ro 27, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, South Korea; Department of Environmental Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Héroux P, Belyaev I, Chamberlin K, Dasdag S, De Salles AAA, Rodriguez CEF, Hardell L, Kelley E, Kesari KK, Mallery-Blythe E, Melnick RL, Miller AB, Moskowitz JM. Cell Phone Radiation Exposure Limits and Engineering Solutions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5398. [PMID: 37048013 PMCID: PMC10094704 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the 1990s, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) restricted its risk assessment for human exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) in seven ways: (1) Inappropriate focus on heat, ignoring sub-thermal effects. (2) Reliance on exposure experiments performed over very short times. (3) Overlooking time/amplitude characteristics of RFR signals. (4) Ignoring carcinogenicity, hypersensitivity, and other health conditions connected with RFR. (5) Measuring cellphone Specific Absorption Rates (SAR) at arbitrary distances from the head. (6) Averaging SAR doses at volumetric/mass scales irrelevant to health. (7) Using unrealistic simulations for cell phone SAR estimations. Low-cost software and hardware modifications are proposed here for cellular phone RFR exposure mitigation: (1) inhibiting RFR emissions in contact with the body, (2) use of antenna patterns reducing the Percent of Power absorbed in the Head (PPHead) and body and increasing the Percent of Power Radiated for communications (PPR), and (3) automated protocol-based reductions of the number of RFR emissions, their duration, or integrated dose. These inexpensive measures do not fundamentally alter cell phone functions or communications quality. A health threat is scientifically documented at many levels and acknowledged by industries. Yet mitigation of RFR exposures to users does not appear as a priority with most cell phone manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Héroux
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 814 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kent Chamberlin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Suleyman Dasdag
- Biophysics Department, Medical School, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul 34700, Turkey
| | - Alvaro Augusto Almeida De Salles
- Graduate Program on Electrical Engineering (PPGEE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90010-150, Brazil
| | | | - Lennart Hardell
- Department of Oncology, Orebro University Hospital, 701 85 Orebro, Sweden (Retired)
- The Environment and Cancer Research Foundation, 702 17 Orebro, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- ICBE-EMF and International EMF Scientist Appeal, and Electromagnetic Safety Alliance, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Erica Mallery-Blythe
- Physicians’ Health Initiative for Radiation and Environment, East Sussex TN6, UK
- British Society of Ecological Medicine, London W1W 6DB, UK
- Oceania Radiofrequency Scientific Advisory Association, Scarborough, QLD 4020, Australia
| | - Ronald L. Melnick
- National Toxicology Program (Retired), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
- Ron Melnick Consulting LLC, North Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - Anthony B. Miller
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Joel M. Moskowitz
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
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Lin JC. Incongruities in recently revised radiofrequency exposure guidelines and standards. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 222:115369. [PMID: 36706903 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The currently promulgated RF exposure guidelines and standards cover the entire range of RF radiation and apply predominantly to restrict RF-induced short-term heating and in guarding against raising tissue temperatures, including the 5G frequencies. There are substantial abnormalities in these putative health safety protection guidelines and standards. Some of the safety limits are irrelevant, debatable, and absent of scientific justification from the standpoint of safety and public health protection. Also, the cellular mobile 5G technology is hailed as a speedier and more secure wireless communication technology than its predecessor systems. The key supporting architecture uses millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and antenna array technology to achieve better directivity, lower latency, and elevated data transmission rates. For radiation protection, it is not obvious whether the health effects of 5G mm-wave radiations would be analogous or not to radiations from previous generations (which was classified as possibly carcinogenic in humans by IARC). The interaction of mm-waves with the structure and function of pertinent cellular elements and cutaneous neuroreceptors in the skin are of special concern. The current scientific database is inadequate at mm wavelengths to render a trustworthy appraisal or to reach a judgment with confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Lin
- Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bioengineering, Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, 851 S. Morgan St. (M/C 154), Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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Cho SH, Shin IS. A Reporting Quality Assessment of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses in Sports Physical Therapy: A Review of Reviews. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1368. [PMID: 34683046 PMCID: PMC8544369 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review of reviews aimed to evaluate the reporting quality of published systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the field of sports physical therapy using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. This review of reviews included a literature search; in total, 2047 studies published between January 2015 and December 2020 in the top three journals related to sports physical therapy were screened. Among the 125 identified articles, 47 studies on sports physical therapy were included in the analysis (2 systematic reviews and 45 meta-analyses). There were several problems areas, including a lack of reporting for key components of the structured summary (10/47, 21.3%), protocol and registration (18/47, 38.3%), risk of bias in individual studies (28/47, 59.6%), risk of bias across studies (24/47, 51.1%), effect size and variance calculations (5/47, 10.6%), additional analyses (25/47, 53.2%), and funding (10/47, 21.3%). The quality of the reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies on sports physical therapy was low to moderate. For better evidence-based practice in sports physical therapy, both authors and readers should examine assumptions in more detail, and report valid and adequate results. The PRISMA guideline should be used more extensively to improve reporting practices in sports physical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyoun Cho
- Department of Physical Therapy, Nambu University, 23 Cheomdan Jungang-ro, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62271, Korea;
| | - In-Soo Shin
- AI Convergence Education, Graduate School of Education, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1 gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Korea
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Omer H. Radiobiological effects and medical applications of non-ionizing radiation. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5585-5592. [PMID: 34588869 PMCID: PMC8459055 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation is used in medicine to diagnose and treat diseases but it can also cause harm to the body by burning or mutation. This depends on whether the radiation is ionizing or nonionizing. Despite its vast applications in surgery, dermatology and cosmetics, little is taught and thus known about non-ionizing radiation. This review article discusses the fundamentals of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiations. The main aim is to extensively explain the different types of non-ionizing radiation. This will equip students and medical personnel with knowledge on different medical applications and expose them to a variety of specializations in medicine that utilize non-ionizing radiation. The article discusses the physics, hazard, means of protection and medical application of each type of radiation: ultraviolet radiation, light (both visible light and LASER), infrared radiation, microwaves and extremely low frequency radiation separately. It presents these terms in a simple manner that avoids rigors mathematics and physics, which makes them comprehensible for medical students. The development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches could also lead to increased hazards to the body unless they are treated with precaution. If not adequately monitored, a significant health risk may be posed to potentially exposed employees. Hence proper dosage should be used for non-ionizing radiation. This is only possible through understanding of the risks/benefits of these radiations by studying the physics and radiobiological effects of each individual radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Omer
- Department of Basic Sciences Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
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Kellermeyer B, Haught E, Harper T, Wetmore S. Case series of vestibular schwannoma patients with no asymmetry in hearing. Am J Otolaryngol 2021; 42:103034. [PMID: 33857780 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE (1) Describe the presenting symptoms and tumor characteristics of patients who are diagnosed with a vestibular schwannoma (VS) with normal hearing or symmetric hearing loss, and (2) report the prospective growth and treatment of each tumor. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of acoustic neuroma patients who were found to have a VS and normal or symmetric hearing loss at a single tertiary care academic center from 1999 to 2012. Medical records were reviewed collecting the following information: patient demographics, symptoms, MRI characteristics, and treatment modality. RESULTS 15/195 (7.7%) patients met criteria for the study. Dizziness was the most common presenting symptom occurring in 9 subjects (60%), followed by headache in 6 (40%), vision changes in 5 (33%), tinnitus in 5 (33%), and unilateral hearing loss in 1 (7%). The average tumor size was 1.07 cm (range 0.3-2.2 cm). Eight (53%) patients presented with intracanalicular tumors. Growth was observed in 6 subjects (40%) with average growth rate in those who exhibited mean growth of 1.8 mm per year. Treatment consisted of surgical removal in 4 cases (27%), gamma knife therapy in 1 (7%), and observation or loss to follow-up in 10 (66%). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of VS with normal hearing was 7.7% Patients with VSs who do not exhibit unilateral hearing loss present most commonly with dizziness. Most of our patients had small, intracanalicular tumors with the largest tumor measuring 2.2 cm in greatest dimension. Of those who were managed conservatively with repeat imaging and observation, most showed tumor growth.
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Belpomme D, Carlo GL, Irigaray P, Carpenter DO, Hardell L, Kundi M, Belyaev I, Havas M, Adlkofer F, Heuser G, Miller AB, Caccamo D, De Luca C, von Klitzing L, Pall ML, Bandara P, Stein Y, Sage C, Soffritti M, Davis D, Moskowitz JM, Mortazavi SMJ, Herbert MR, Moshammer H, Ledoigt G, Turner R, Tweedale A, Muñoz-Calero P, Udasin I, Koppel T, Burgio E, Vorst AV. The Critical Importance of Molecular Biomarkers and Imaging in the Study of Electrohypersensitivity. A Scientific Consensus International Report. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7321. [PMID: 34298941 PMCID: PMC8304862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical research aiming at objectively identifying and characterizing diseases via clinical observations and biological and radiological findings is a critical initial research step when establishing objective diagnostic criteria and treatments. Failure to first define such diagnostic criteria may lead research on pathogenesis and etiology to serious confounding biases and erroneous medical interpretations. This is particularly the case for electrohypersensitivity (EHS) and more particularly for the so-called "provocation tests", which do not investigate the causal origin of EHS but rather the EHS-associated particular environmental intolerance state with hypersensitivity to man-made electromagnetic fields (EMF). However, because those tests depend on multiple EMF-associated physical and biological parameters and have been conducted in patients without having first defined EHS objectively and/or endpoints adequately, they cannot presently be considered to be valid pathogenesis research methodologies. Consequently, the negative results obtained by these tests do not preclude a role of EMF exposure as a symptomatic trigger in EHS patients. Moreover, there is no proof that EHS symptoms or EHS itself are caused by psychosomatic or nocebo effects. This international consensus report pleads for the acknowledgement of EHS as a distinct neuropathological disorder and for its inclusion in the WHO International Classification of Diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Belpomme
- Association for Research Against Cancer (ARTAC), 57/59 rue de la Convention, 75015 Paris, France;
- European Cancer and Environment Research Institute (ECERI), 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (D.O.C.); (L.H.); (I.B.); (M.H.); (G.L.); (E.B.); (A.V.V.)
| | - George L. Carlo
- The Science and Public Policy Institute, Washington, DC 20006, USA;
| | - Philippe Irigaray
- Association for Research Against Cancer (ARTAC), 57/59 rue de la Convention, 75015 Paris, France;
- European Cancer and Environment Research Institute (ECERI), 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (D.O.C.); (L.H.); (I.B.); (M.H.); (G.L.); (E.B.); (A.V.V.)
| | - David O. Carpenter
- European Cancer and Environment Research Institute (ECERI), 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (D.O.C.); (L.H.); (I.B.); (M.H.); (G.L.); (E.B.); (A.V.V.)
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Lennart Hardell
- European Cancer and Environment Research Institute (ECERI), 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (D.O.C.); (L.H.); (I.B.); (M.H.); (G.L.); (E.B.); (A.V.V.)
- The Environment and Cancer Research Foundation, SE-702 17 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.K.); (H.M.)
| | - Igor Belyaev
- European Cancer and Environment Research Institute (ECERI), 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (D.O.C.); (L.H.); (I.B.); (M.H.); (G.L.); (E.B.); (A.V.V.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Science, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Magda Havas
- European Cancer and Environment Research Institute (ECERI), 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (D.O.C.); (L.H.); (I.B.); (M.H.); (G.L.); (E.B.); (A.V.V.)
- Trent School of the Environment, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 0G2, Canada
| | - Franz Adlkofer
- Verum-Foundation for Behaviour and Environment c/o Regus Center Josephspitalstrasse 15/IV, 80331 München, Germany;
| | - Gunnar Heuser
- Formerly UCLA Medical Center, Department of Medicine, P.O. Box 5066, El Dorado Hills, Los Angeles, CA 95762, USA;
| | - Anthony B. Miller
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada;
| | - Daniela Caccamo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho Functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Chiara De Luca
- Department of Registration & Quality Management, Medical & Regulatory Affairs Manager, MEDENA AG, 8910 Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland;
| | - Lebrecht von Klitzing
- Medical Physicist, Institute of Environmental and Medical Physic, D-36466 Wiesenthal, Germany;
| | - Martin L. Pall
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Priyanka Bandara
- Oceania Radiofrequency Scientific Advisory Association (ORSAA), P.O. Box 152, Scarborough, QLD 4020, Australia;
| | - Yael Stein
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel;
- Hadassah Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
| | - Cindy Sage
- Sage Associates, Montecito, Santa Barbara, CA 93108, USA;
| | - Morando Soffritti
- Istituto Ramazzini, via Libia 13/A, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Collegium Ramazzini, Castello di Bentivoglio, via Saliceto, 3, 40010 Bentivoglio, Italy
| | - Devra Davis
- Environmental Health Trust, P.O. Box 58, Teton Village, WY 83025, USA;
| | - Joel M. Moskowitz
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - S. M. J. Mortazavi
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz P.O. Box 71348-14336, Iran;
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz P.O. Box 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Martha R. Herbert
- A.A. Martinos Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Neurology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, MGH/MIT/Harvard 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA;
| | - Hanns Moshammer
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.K.); (H.M.)
- Department of Hygiene, Karakalpak Medical University, Nukus 230100, Uzbekistan
| | - Gerard Ledoigt
- European Cancer and Environment Research Institute (ECERI), 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (D.O.C.); (L.H.); (I.B.); (M.H.); (G.L.); (E.B.); (A.V.V.)
| | - Robert Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Clinical Pediatrics and Neurology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Anthony Tweedale
- Rebutting Industry Science with Knowledge (R.I.S.K.) Consultancy, Blv. Edmond Machtens 101/34, B-1080 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Pilar Muñoz-Calero
- Foundation Alborada, Finca el Olivar, Carretera M-600, Km. 32,400, 28690 Brunete, Spain;
| | - Iris Udasin
- EOHSI Clinical Center, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Tarmo Koppel
- AI Institute, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Ernesto Burgio
- European Cancer and Environment Research Institute (ECERI), 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (D.O.C.); (L.H.); (I.B.); (M.H.); (G.L.); (E.B.); (A.V.V.)
| | - André Vander Vorst
- European Cancer and Environment Research Institute (ECERI), 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (D.O.C.); (L.H.); (I.B.); (M.H.); (G.L.); (E.B.); (A.V.V.)
- European Microwave Association, Rue Louis de Geer 6, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Moskowitz JM, Myung SK, Choi YJ, Hong YC. Reply to Brzozek et al. Comment on "Choi et al. Cellular Phone Use and Risk of Tumors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8079". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115581. [PMID: 34073653 PMCID: PMC8197078 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel M. Moskowitz
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Correspondence: (J.M.M.); (S.-K.M.)
| | - Seung-Kwon Myung
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea
- National Cancer Center, Department of Family Medicine and Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection, Hospital, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Management, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.M.M.); (S.-K.M.)
| | - Yoon-Jung Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea; (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Environmental Health Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea; (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Environmental Health Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Myung SK, Moskowitz JM, Choi YJ, Hong YC. Reply to Comment on Choi, Y.-J., et al. Cellular Phone Use and Risk of Tumors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8079. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3326. [PMID: 33807080 PMCID: PMC8005003 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We appreciate Frank de Vocht and Martin Röösli's interest [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Kwon Myung
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine and Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection, Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Management, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Joel M. Moskowitz
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yoon-Jung Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea; (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Environmental Health Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea; (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Environmental Health Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
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13
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Metabolomics and psychological features in fibromyalgia and electromagnetic sensitivity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20418. [PMID: 33235303 PMCID: PMC7686375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) as Fibromyalgia and Electromagnetic Sensitivity (IEI-EMF) are a chronic and systemic syndrome. The main symptom is represented by strong and widespread pain in the musculoskeletal system. The exact causes that lead to the development of FM and IEI-EMF are still unknown. Interestingly, the proximity to electrical and electromagnetic devices seems to trigger and/or amplify the symptoms. We investigated the blood plasma metabolome in IEI-EMF and healthy subjects using 1H NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. All the individuals were subjected to tests for the evaluation of psychological and physical features. No significant differences between IEI-EMF and controls relative to personality aspects, Locus of Control, and anxiety were found. Multivariate statistical analysis on the metabolites identified by NMR analysis allowed the identification of a distinct metabolic profile between IEI-EMF and healthy subjects. IEI-EMF were characterized by higher levels of glycine and pyroglutamate, and lower levels of 2-hydroxyisocaproate, choline, glutamine, and isoleucine compared to healthy subjects. These metabolites are involved in several metabolic pathways mainly related to oxidative stress defense, pain mechanisms, and muscle metabolism. The results here obtained highlight possible physiopathological mechanisms in IEI-EMF patients to be better defined.
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Cellular Phone Use and Risk of Tumors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218079. [PMID: 33147845 PMCID: PMC7663653 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether cellular phone use was associated with increased risk of tumors using a meta-analysis of case-control studies. PubMed and EMBASE were searched from inception to July 2018. The primary outcome was the risk of tumors by cellular phone use, which was measured by pooling each odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). In a meta-analysis of 46 case-control studies, compared with never or rarely having used a cellular phone, regular use was not associated with tumor risk in the random-effects meta-analysis. However, in the subgroup meta-analysis by research group, there was a statistically significant positive association (harmful effect) in the Hardell et al. studies (OR, 1.15-95% CI, 1.00 to 1.33- n = 10), a statistically significant negative association (beneficial effect) in the INTERPHONE-related studies (case-control studies from 13 countries coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC); (OR, 0.81-95% CI, 0.75 to 0.89-n = 9), and no statistically significant association in other research groups' studies. Further, cellular phone use with cumulative call time more than 1000 h statistically significantly increased the risk of tumors. This comprehensive meta-analysis of case-control studies found evidence that linked cellular phone use to increased tumor risk.
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Kim JH, Lee JK, Kim HG, Kim KB, Kim HR. Possible Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure on Central Nerve System. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:265-275. [PMID: 30481957 PMCID: PMC6513191 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological advances of mankind, through the development of electrical and communication technologies, have resulted in the exposure to artificial electromagnetic fields (EMF). Technological growth is expected to continue; as such, the amount of EMF exposure will continue to increase steadily. In particular, the use-time of smart phones, that have become a necessity for modern people, is steadily increasing. Social concerns and interest in the impact on the cranial nervous system are increased when considering the area where the mobile phone is used. However, before discussing possible effects of radiofrequency-electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) on the human body, several factors must be investigated about the influence of EMFs at the level of research using in vitro or animal models. Scientific studies on the mechanism of biological effects are also required. It has been found that RF-EMF can induce changes in central nervous system nerve cells, including neuronal cell apoptosis, changes in the function of the nerve myelin and ion channels; furthermore, RF-EMF act as a stress source in living creatures. The possible biological effects of RF-EMF exposure have not yet been proven, and there are insufficient data on biological hazards to provide a clear answer to possible health risks. Therefore, it is necessary to study the biological response to RF-EMF in consideration of the comprehensive exposure with regard to the use of various devices by individuals. In this review, we summarize the possible biological effects of RF-EMF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Koo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Gun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Rim Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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Russell CL. 5 G wireless telecommunications expansion: Public health and environmental implications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 165:484-495. [PMID: 29655646 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The popularity, widespread use and increasing dependency on wireless technologies has spawned a telecommunications industrial revolution with increasing public exposure to broader and higher frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum to transmit data through a variety of devices and infrastructure. On the horizon, a new generation of even shorter high frequency 5G wavelengths is being proposed to power the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT promises us convenient and easy lifestyles with a massive 5G interconnected telecommunications network, however, the expansion of broadband with shorter wavelength radiofrequency radiation highlights the concern that health and safety issues remain unknown. Controversy continues with regards to harm from current 2G, 3G and 4G wireless technologies. 5G technologies are far less studied for human or environmental effects. It is argued that the addition of this added high frequency 5G radiation to an already complex mix of lower frequencies, will contribute to a negative public health outcome both from both physical and mental health perspectives. Radiofrequency radiation (RF) is increasingly being recognized as a new form of environmental pollution. Like other common toxic exposures, the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF EMR) will be problematic if not impossible to sort out epidemiologically as there no longer remains an unexposed control group. This is especially important considering these effects are likely magnified by synergistic toxic exposures and other common health risk behaviors. Effects can also be non-linear. Because this is the first generation to have cradle-to-grave lifespan exposure to this level of man-made microwave (RF EMR) radiofrequencies, it will be years or decades before the true health consequences are known. Precaution in the roll out of this new technology is strongly indicated. This article will review relevant electromagnetic frequencies, exposure standards and current scientific literature on the health implications of 2G, 3G, 4G exposure, including some of the available literature on 5G frequencies. The question of what constitutes a public health issue will be raised, as well as the need for a precautionary approach in advancing new wireless technologies.
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17
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Buckner CA, Buckner AL, Koren SA, Persinger MA, Lafrenie RM. Exposure to a specific time-varying electromagnetic field inhibits cell proliferation via cAMP and ERK signaling in cancer cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2017; 39:217-230. [PMID: 29125193 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to specific electromagnetic field (EMF) patterns can affect a variety of biological systems. We have shown that exposure to Thomas-EMF, a low-intensity, frequency-modulated (25-6 Hz) EMF pattern, inhibited growth and altered cell signaling in malignant cells. Exposure to Thomas-EMF for 1 h/day inhibited the growth of malignant cells including B16-BL6 mouse melanoma cells, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, BT-20, and MCF-7 human breast cancer and HeLa cervical cancer cells but did not affect non-malignant cells. The Thomas-EMF-dependent changes in cell proliferation were mediated by adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. Exposure of malignant cells to Thomas-EMF transiently changed the level of cellular cAMP and promoted ERK phosphorylation. Pharmacologic inhibitors (SQ22536) and activators (forskolin) of cAMP production both blocked the ability of Thomas-EMF to inhibit cell proliferation, and an inhibitor of the MAP kinase pathway (PD98059) was able to partially block Thomas-EMF-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. Genetic modulation of protein kinase A (PKA) in B16-BL6 cells also altered the effect of Thomas-EMF on cell proliferation. Cells transfected with the constitutively active form of PKA (PKA-CA), which interfered with ERK phosphorylation, also interfered with the Thomas-EMF effect on cell proliferation. The non-malignant cells did not show any EMF-dependent changes in cAMP levels, ERK phosphorylation, or cell growth. These data indicate that exposure to the specific Thomas-EMF pattern can inhibit the growth of malignant cells in a manner dependent on contributions from the cAMP and MAP kinase pathways. Bioelectromagnetics. 39;217-230, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A Buckner
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Regional Cancer Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison L Buckner
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Regional Cancer Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stan A Koren
- Department of Behavioural Neurosciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Persinger
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Behavioural Neurosciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert M Lafrenie
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Regional Cancer Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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de Oliveira F, Carmona A, Ladeira C. Is mobile phone radiation genotoxic? An analysis of micronucleus frequency in exfoliated buccal cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 822:41-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
This study concerns the effects of microwave on health because they pervade diverse fields of our lives. The brain has been recognized as one of the organs that is most vulnerable to microwave radiation. Therefore, in this article, we reviewed recent studies that have explored the effects of microwave radiation on the brain, especially the hippocampus, including analyses of epidemiology, morphology, electroencephalograms, learning and memory abilities and the mechanisms underlying brain dysfunction. However, the problem with these studies is that different parameters, such as the frequency, modulation, and power density of the radiation and the irradiation time, were used to evaluate microwave radiation between studies. As a result, the existing data exhibit poor reproducibility and comparability. To determine the specific dose-effect relationship between microwave radiation and its biological effects, more intensive studies must be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Zhi
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xiang-Jun Hu
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Danese E, Lippi G, Buonocore R, Benati M, Bovo C, Bonaguri C, Salvagno GL, Brocco G, Roggenbuck D, Montagnana M. Mobile phone radiofrequency exposure has no effect on DNA double strand breaks (DSB) in human lymphocytes. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:272. [PMID: 28758098 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.04.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of mobile phones has been associated with an increased risk of developing certain type of cancer, especially in long term users. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the potential genotoxic effect of mobile phone radiofrequency exposure on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. METHODS The study population consisted in 14 healthy volunteers. After collection of two whole blood samples, the former was placed in a plastic rack, 1 cm from the chassis of a commercial mobile phone (900 MHz carrier frequency), which was activated by a 30-min call. The second blood sample was instead maintained far from mobile phones or other RF sources. The influence of mobile phone RF on DNA integrity was assessed by analyzing γ-H2AX foci in lymphocytes using immunofluorescence staining kit on AKLIDES. RESULTS No measure of γ-H2AX foci was significantly influenced by mobile phone RF exposure, nor mobile phone exposure was associated with significant risk of genetic damages in vitro (odds ratio comprised between 0.27 and 1.00). CONCLUSIONS The results of this experimental study demonstrate that exposure of human lymphocytes to a conventional 900 MHz RF emitted by a commercial mobile phone for 30 min does not significantly impact DNA integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Danese
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ruggero Buonocore
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Academic Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Benati
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Bovo
- Medical Direction, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonaguri
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Academic Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Brocco
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Brandenburg Technical University, Senftenberg, Germany and Medipan GmbH, Dahlewitz/Berlin, Germany
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Lippi G, Danese E, Brocco G, Gelati M, Salvagno GL, Montagnana M. Acute effects of 30 minutes of exposure to a smartphone call on in vitro platelet function. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2017; 15:249-253. [PMID: 27177410 PMCID: PMC5448831 DOI: 10.2450/2016.0327-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant concerns are now regularly raised about the safety of excessive mobile phone use. This study was aimed to assess the acute effects of radiofrequency waves emitted by a commercial smartphone on platelet function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two sequential citrated blood samples were collected from 16 healthy volunteers recruited from laboratory staff. The first sample was placed in a plastic rack, 1 cm distant from a commercial smartphone receiving a 30-min call and emitting 900 MHz radiofrequency waves. The second sample was placed in another plastic rack, isolated from radiofrequency wave sources, for the same period. The platelet count and the mean platelet volume were then assessed in all blood samples, whereas platelet function was evaluated using the platelet function analyser-100 (PFA-100). RESULTS A 30-min exposure of citrated blood to smartphone radiofrequency waves induced significant prolongation of collagen-epinephrine aggregation (median increase, 10%) and a considerable increase of mean platelet volume (median increase, 5%), whereas collagen-adenosine diphosphate aggregation and platelet count remained unchanged. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates that smartphone radiofrequency waves induce significant perturbation of platelet structure and function, thus providing further support to concerns regarding excessive use of mobile phones. Caution should also be taken with regards to blood products containing platelets, which should be kept far away from mobile phones and smartphones throughout the production pipeline and storage period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Danese
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Brocco
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Gelati
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Siyam T, Ross S, Campbell S, Eurich DT, Yuksel N. The effect of hormone therapy on quality of life and breast cancer risk after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy: a systematic review. BMC Womens Health 2017; 17:22. [PMID: 28320467 PMCID: PMC5359830 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear if the use of hormone therapy (HT) in carriers of BRCA mutations improves the quality of life (QOL) without increasing the risk of breast cancer following a risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO). Our objective was to assess the effect of HT on QOL and breast cancer risk, after RRSO. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHAL, and others, from inception to July 22, 2016, to identify relevant studies. Two reviewers independently screened identified records for controlled trials and observational studies that addressed the effect of HT on QOL and breast cancer risk in women with BRCA mutations, post RRSO. Two reviewers independently extracted data on populations, interventions, comparators, outcomes, and methodological quality. Studies addressing the same outcome were synthesized using written evidence summaries or tables. RESULTS Of the 1,059 records identified, 13 met our inclusion criteria. All studies were observational. Six studies assessed the effect on QOL. Of these, 3 showed improvement in QOL with HT use. The risk of breast cancer was evaluated in 4 studies. The mean duration of follow-up was 2.6 years (range 0.1-19.1). The risk of breast cancer did not change with HT use in all 4 studies. CONCLUSIONS Cumulative evidence from our review suggests that short-term HT use following RRSO improves QOL. The effect on breast cancer risk is still unclear. There are too few long-term studies to draw any strong conclusions. The need for future well-designed RCTs for more established evidence is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Siyam
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
| | - Sue Ross
- Cavarzan Chair in Mature Women’s Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rm 5S131 Lois Hole Hospital/Robbins Pavilion Royal Alexandra Hospital, 10240 Kingsway Ave, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9 Canada
| | - Sandra Campbell
- 2K4.01 WC Mackenzie Health Science Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7 Canada
| | - Dean T. Eurich
- School of Public Health, 2-040 Li Ka Shing HRIF, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Nesé Yuksel
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
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Mobile phone use and risk of brain tumours: a systematic review of association between study quality, source of funding, and research outcomes. Neurol Sci 2017; 38:797-810. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-2850-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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de Vocht F. Inferring the 1985-2014 impact of mobile phone use on selected brain cancer subtypes using Bayesian structural time series and synthetic controls. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 97:100-107. [PMID: 27835750 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile phone use has been increasing rapidly in the past decades and, in parallel, so has the annual incidence of certain types of brain cancers. However, it remains unclear whether this correlation is coincidental or whether use of mobile phones may cause the development, promotion or progression of specific cancers. The 1985-2014 incidence of selected brain cancer subtypes in England were analyzed and compared to counterfactual 'synthetic control' timeseries. METHODS Annual 1985-2014 incidence of malignant glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, and malignant neoplasms of the temporal and parietal lobes in England were modelled based on population-level covariates using Bayesian structural time series models assuming 5,10 and 15year minimal latency periods. Post-latency counterfactual 'synthetic England' timeseries were nowcast based on covariate trends. The impact of mobile phone use was inferred from differences between measured and modelled time series. RESULTS There is no evidence of an increase in malignant glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, or malignant neoplasms of the parietal lobe not predicted in the 'synthetic England' time series. Malignant neoplasms of the temporal lobe however, have increased faster than expected. A latency period of 10years reflected the earliest latency period when this was measurable and related to mobile phone penetration rates, and indicated an additional increase of 35% (95% Credible Interval 9%:59%) during 2005-2014; corresponding to an additional 188 (95%CI 48-324) cases annually. CONCLUSIONS A causal factor, of which mobile phone use (and possibly other wireless equipment) is in agreement with the hypothesized temporal association, is related to an increased risk of developing malignant neoplasms in the temporal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank de Vocht
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK.
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Lippi G, Danese E, Brocco G, Benati M, Salvagno GL, Montagnana M, Franchini M. Thirty-minutes’ exposure to smartphone call triggers neutrophil activation in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 54:1497-501. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2015-1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Despite accumulating evidence about the negative health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones, no information is available on the potential impact of radiofrequency (RF) waves on polymorphonuclear leukocytes biology.
Methods:
Two sequential whole blood tubes were collected from 16 ostensibly healthy volunteers. After placing the former tube of each subject in a plastic rack, 1 cm from a commercial smartphone (carrier frequency, 900 MHz), a call was placed on the smartphone and a communication lasting 30 min was manually activated. The latter blood tube of each volunteer was placed in another plastic rack, for an identical period of time, avoiding close contact with sources of RF waves. A complete blood count was then assessed in all whole blood samples, using Advia 2120.
Results:
The 30-min exposure of blood to RF waves did not induce significant variations of total and differential leukocyte counts. A significant decrease was however observed for many neutrophils parameters, with median percentage variation of −3.9% for the lobularity index (LI), −29.8% for the myeloperoxidase index (MPXI), −0.6% for the neutrophil cluster mean x (NEUTx) and −0.7% for the neutrophil cluster mean y (NEUTy), respectively. The percentage of blood samples with reduced values after exposure to RF waves was 81% for LI, 88% for NEUTx and 100% for both MPXI and NEUTy.
Conclusions:
The results of this study show that exposure to smartphone RF waves triggers activation of neutrophils in vitro, as mirrored by the significant variations observed in many activation parameters in Advia 2120.
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Erdem Koç G, Kaplan S, Altun G, Gümüş H, Gülsüm Deniz Ö, Aydin I, Emin Onger M, Altunkaynak Z. Neuroprotective effects of melatonin and omega-3 on hippocampal cells prenatally exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:590-5. [PMID: 27442260 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1206223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adverse effects on human health caused by electromagnetic fields (EMF) associated with the use of mobile phones, particularly among young people, are increasing all the time. The potential deleterious effects of EMF exposure resulting from mobile phones being used in close proximity to the brain require particular evaluation. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated the effects of prenatal exposure to EMF in the development of the pyramidal cells using melatonin (MEL) and omega-3 (ω-3). MATERIALS AND METHODS We established seven groups of pregnant rats consisting of three animals each; control (CONT), SHAM, EMF, EMF + MEL, MEL, EMF + ω-3 and ω-3 alone. The rats in the EMF, EMF + MEL, EMF + ω-3 groups were exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 60 min/day in an exposure tube during the gestation period. The CONT, MEL and ω-3 group rats were not placed inside the exposure tube or exposed to EMF during the study period. After delivery, only spontaneously delivered male rat pups were selected for the establishment of further groups. Each group of offspring consisted of six animals. The optical fractionator technique was used to determine total pyramidal neuron numbers in the rat hippocampal region. RESULTS The total number of pyramidal cells in the cornu ammonis (CA) in the EMF group was significantly lower than in the CONT, SHAM, EMF + MEL, and EMF + ω-3 groups. No significant difference was observed between the EMF, MEL and ω-3 groups. No difference was also observed between any groups in terms of rats' body or brain weights. CONCLUSION MEL and ω-3 can protect the cell against neuronal damage in the hippocampus induced by 900 MHz EMF. However, further studies are now needed to evaluate the chronic effects of 900 MHz EMF on the brain in the prenatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülüna Erdem Koç
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Adnan Menderes University , Aydın , Turkey
| | - Suleyman Kaplan
- b Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Ondokuz Mayıs University , Samsun , Turkey
| | - Gamze Altun
- b Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Ondokuz Mayıs University , Samsun , Turkey
| | - Hasan Gümüş
- c Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences , Ondokuz Mayıs University , Samsun , Turkey
| | - Ömür Gülsüm Deniz
- b Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Ondokuz Mayıs University , Samsun , Turkey
| | - Isinsu Aydin
- b Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Ondokuz Mayıs University , Samsun , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Onger
- b Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Ondokuz Mayıs University , Samsun , Turkey
| | - Zuhal Altunkaynak
- b Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Ondokuz Mayıs University , Samsun , Turkey
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Quach P, El Sherif R, Gomes J, Krewksi D. A systematic review of the risk factors associated with the onset and progression of primary brain tumours. Neurotoxicology 2016; 61:214-232. [PMID: 27212451 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The overall aim of this systematic review was to identify risk factors for onset and natural progression, which were shown to increase, decrease, or have a null association with risk of primary brain tumour. For onset, the project was separated into two phases. The first phase consisted of a systematic search of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Moderate to high methodological quality reviews were incorporated and summarized with relevant observational studies published since 2010, identified from a systematic search performed in phase 2. For natural progression, only the first phase was conducted. Standard systematic review methodology was utilized. Based on this review, various genetic variants, pesticide exposures, occupational farming/hairdressing, cured meat consumption and personal hair dye use appear to be associated with increased risk of onset amongst adults. The specific EGF polymorphsm 61-A allele within Caucasian populations and having a history of allergy was associated with a decreased risk. For progression, M1B-1 antigen was shown to increase the risk. High birth weight, pesticide exposure (childhood exposure, and parental occupational exposure) and maternal consumption of cured meat during pregnancy may also increase the risk of onset of childhood brain tumours. Conversely, maternal intake of pre-natal supplements (folic acid) appeared to decrease risk. Children with neurofibromatosis 2 were considered to have worse overall and relapse free survival compared to neurofibromatosis 1, as were those children who had grade III tumours compared to lesser grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Quach
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Reem El Sherif
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James Gomes
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniel Krewksi
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Makale M, Kesari S. Cell Phones and Glioma Risk: An Update. Neurooncol Pract 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/nop/npv045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Kwon Myung
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Jo SJ, Shin H, Jo S, Kwon O, Myung SK. Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of pyridoxine supplements in the management of hand-foot syndrome during chemotherapy: a meta-analysis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2014; 40:260-70. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Jo
- Department of Dermatology; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - H. Shin
- Department of Dermatology; Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; Goyang Korea
| | - S. Jo
- Department of Dermatology; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - O. Kwon
- Department of Dermatology; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - S.-K. Myung
- Family Medicine Clinic; Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection; Cancer Information and Education Branch; National Cancer Control Institute and Hospital; National Cancer Center; Goyang Korea
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Predictors of children's secondhand smoke exposure at home: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of the evidence. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112690. [PMID: 25397875 PMCID: PMC4232519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) has been causally linked to a number of childhood morbidities and mortalities. Over 50% of UK children whose parents are smokers are regularly exposed to SHS at home. No previous review has identified the factors associated with children's SHS exposure in the home. AIM To identify by systematic review, the factors which are associated with children's SHS exposure in the home, determined by parent or child reports and/or biochemically validated measures including cotinine, carbon monoxide or home air particulate matter. METHODS Electronic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL and Web of Knowledge to July 2014, and hand searches of reference lists from publications included in the review were conducted. FINDINGS Forty one studies were included in the review. Parental smoking, low socioeconomic status and being less educated were all frequently and consistently found to be independently associated with children's SHS exposure in the home. Children whose parents held more negative attitudes towards SHS were less likely to be exposed. Associations were strongest for parental cigarette smoking status; compared to children of non-smokers, those whose mothers or both parents smoked were between two and 13 times more likely to be exposed to SHS. CONCLUSION Multiple factors are associated with child SHS exposure in the home; the best way to reduce child SHS exposure in the home is for smoking parents to quit. If parents are unable or unwilling to stop smoking, they should instigate smoke-free homes. Interventions targeted towards the socially disadvantaged parents aiming to change attitudes to smoking in the presence of children and providing practical support to help parents smoke outside the home may be beneficial.
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Kim HS, Kim TH, Chung HH, Song YS. Risk and prognosis of ovarian cancer in women with endometriosis: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1878-90. [PMID: 24518590 PMCID: PMC3974076 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The risk and prognosis of ovarian cancer have not been well established in women with endometriosis. Thus, we investigated the impact of endometriosis on the risk and prognosis for ovarian cancer, and evaluated clinicopathologic characteristics of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) in comparison with non-EAOC. Methods: After we searched an electronic search to identify relevant studies published online between January 1990 and December 2012, we found 20 case–control and 15 cohort studies including 444 255 patients from 1 625 potentially relevant studies. In the meta-analysis, ovarian cancer risk by endometriosis and clinicopathologic characteristics were evaluated using risk ratio (RR) or standard incidence ratio (SIR), and prognosis was investigated using hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was evaluated using Higgins I2 to select fixed-effect (I2 ⩽50%) or random effects models (I2>50%), and found no publication bias using funnel plots with Egger's test (P>0.05). Furthermore, we performed subgroup analyses based on study design, assessment of endometriosis, histology, disease status, quality of study and adjustment for potential confounding factors to minimise bias. Results: Endometriosis increased ovarian cancer risk in case–control or two-arm cohort studies (RR, 1.265; 95% CI, 1.214–1.318) and single-arm cohort studies (SIR, 1.797; 95% CI, 1.276–2.531), which were similar in subgroup analyses. Although progression-free survival was not different between EAOC and non-EAOC (HR, 1.023; 95% CI, 0.712–1.470), EAOC was associated with better overall survival than non-EAOC in crude analyses (HR, 0.778; 95% CI, 0.655–0.925). However, progression-free survival and overall survival were not different between the two groups in subgroup analyses. Stage I–II disease, grade 1 disease and nulliparity were more common in EAOC (RRs, 1.959, 1.319 and 1.327; 95% CIs, 1.367–2.807, 1.149–1.514 and 1.245–1.415), whereas probability of optimal debulking surgery was not different between the two groups (RR, 1.403; 95% CI, 0.915–2.152). Furthermore, endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas were more common in EAOC (RRs, 1.759 and 2.606; 95% CIs, 1.551–1.995 and 2.225–3.053), whereas serous carcinoma was less frequent in EAOC than in non-EAOC (RR, 0.733; 95% CI, 0.617–0.871), and there was no difference in the risk of mucinous carcinoma between the two groups (RR, 0.805; 95% CI, 0.584–1.109). These clinicopathologic characteristics were also similar in subgroup analyses. Conclusions: Endometriosis is strongly associated with the increased risk of ovarian cancer, and EAOC shows favourable characteristics including early-stage disease, low-grade disease and a specific histology such as endometrioid or clear cell carcinoma. However, endometriosis may not affect disease progression after the onset of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daekak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - T H Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daekak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - H H Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daekak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Song
- 1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daekak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea [2] Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea [3] Major in Biomodulation, World Class University, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Lagorio S, Röösli M. Mobile phone use and risk of intracranial tumors: a consistency analysis. Bioelectromagnetics 2013; 35:79-90. [PMID: 24375548 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A meta-analysis of studies on intracranial tumors and mobile phone use published by the end of 2012 was performed to evaluate the overall consistency of findings, assess the sensitivity of results to changes in the dataset, and try to detect the sources of between-study heterogeneity. Twenty-nine papers met our inclusion criteria. These papers reported on 47 eligible studies (17 on glioma, 15 on meningioma, 15 on acoustic neuroma), consisting of either primary investigations or pooled analyses. Five combinations of non-overlapping studies per outcome were identified. The combined relative risks (cRRs) in long-term mobile phone users (≥10 years) ranged between 0.98 (0.75-1.28) and 1.11 (0.86-1.44) for meningioma, with little heterogeneity across studies. High heterogeneity was detected across estimates of glioma and acoustic neuroma risk in long term users, with cRRs ranging between 1.19 (95% CI 0.86-1.64) and 1.40 (0.96-2.04), and from 1.14 (0.65-1.99) to 1.33 (0.65-2.73), respectively. A meta-regression of primary studies showed that the methodological differences embedded in the variable "study-group" explained most of the overall heterogeneity in results. Summary risk estimates based on heterogeneous findings should not be over-interpreted. Overall, the results of our study detract from the hypothesis that mobile phone use affects the occurrence of intracranial tumors. However, reproducibility (or lack of) is just one clue in the critical appraisal of epidemiological evidence. Based on other considerations, such as the limited knowledge currently available on risk beyond 15 years from first exposure, or following mobile phone use started in childhood, the pursuance of epidemiological surveillance is warranted.
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Mornet E, Kania R, Sauvaget E, Herman P, Tran Ba Huy P. Vestibular schwannoma and cell-phones. Results, limits and perspectives of clinical studies. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2013; 130:275-82. [PMID: 23725662 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The widespread development of cell-phones entails novel user exposure to electromagnetic fields. Health impact is a public health issue and a source of anxiety in the population. Some clinical studies reported an association between cell and cordless phone use and vestibular schwannoma; others found none. A systematic review was performed of all published clinical studies (cohort, registry, case-control and validation studies), with analysis of results, to determine the nature of the association and the level of evidence. Cohort studies were inconclusive due to short exposure durations and poor representativeness. Registry studies showed no correlation between evolution of cell-phone use and incidence of vestibular schwannoma. Case-control studies reported contradictory results, with methodological flaws. Only a small number of subjects were included in long-term studies (>10 years), and these failed to demonstrate any indisputable causal relationship. Exposure assessment methods were debatable, and long-term assessment was lacking. An on-going prospective study should determine any major effect of electromagnetic fields; schwannoma being a rare pathology, absence of association will be difficult to prove. No clinical association has been demonstrated between cell and cordless phone use and vestibular schwannoma. Existing studies are limited by their retrospective assessment of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mornet
- Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, université Paris Diderot, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75475 Paris cedex 10, France.
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Benson VS, Pirie K, Schüz J, Reeves GK, Beral V, Green J. Mobile phone use and risk of brain neoplasms and other cancers: prospective study. Int J Epidemiol 2013; 42:792-802. [PMID: 23657200 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyt072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results from some retrospective studies suggest a possible increased risk of glioma and acoustic neuroma in users of mobile phones. METHODS The relation between mobile phone use and incidence of intracranial central nervous system (CNS) tumours and other cancers was examined in 791,710 middle-aged women in a UK prospective cohort, the Million Women Study. Cox regression models were used to estimate adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Women reported mobile phone use in 1999 to 2005 and again in 2009. RESULTS During 7 years' follow-up, 51,680 incident invasive cancers and 1,261 incident intracranial CNS tumours occurred. Risk among ever vs never users of mobile phones was not increased for all intracranial CNS tumours (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.90-1.14, P = 0.82), for specified CNS tumour types nor for cancer at 18 other specified sites. For long-term users compared with never users, there was no appreciable association for glioma (10+ years: RR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.55-1.10, P = 0.16) or meningioma (10+ years: RR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.66-1.84, P = 0.71). For acoustic neuroma, there was an increase in risk with long term use vs never use (10+ years: RR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.07-5.64, P = 0.03), the risk increasing with duration of use (trend among users, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS In this large prospective study, mobile phone use was not associated with increased incidence of glioma, meningioma or non-CNS cancers.
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Davis DL, Kesari S, Soskolne CL, Miller AB, Stein Y. Swedish review strengthens grounds for concluding that radiation from cellular and cordless phones is a probable human carcinogen. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2013; 20:123-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Abstract
As mobile phone usage is growing rapidly, there is a need for a comprehensive analysis of the literature to inform scientific debates about the adverse effects of mobile phone radiation on sperm quality traits. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of the eligible published research studies on human males of reproductive age. Eleven studies were eligible for this analysis. Based on the meta-analysis, mobile phone use was significantly associated with deterioration in semen quality (Hedges’s g = -0.547; 95% CI: -0.713, -0.382; p < 0.001). The traits particularly affected adversely were sperm concentration, sperm morphology, sperm motility, proportion of non-progressive motile sperm (%), proportion of slow progressive motile sperm (%), and sperm viability. Direct exposure of spermatozoa to mobile phone radiation with
in vitro study designs also significantly deteriorated the sperm quality (Hedges’s g = -2.233; 95% CI: -2.758, -1.708;
p < 0.001), by reducing straight line velocity, fast progressive motility, Hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test score, major axis (µm), minor axis (µm), total sperm motility, perimeter (µm), area (µm
2), average path velocity, curvilinear velocity, motile spermatozoa, and acrosome reacted spermatozoa (%). The strength of evidence for the different outcomes varied from very low to very high. The analysis shows that mobile phone use is possibly associated with a number of deleterious effects on the spermatozoa.
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Szmigielski S. Cancer risks related to low-level RF/MW exposures, including cell phones. Electromagn Biol Med 2013; 32:273-80. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2012.701192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sun W, Shen X, Lu D, Lu D, Chiang H. Superposition of an incoherent magnetic field inhibited EGF receptor clustering and phosphorylation induced by a 1.8 GHz pulse-modulated radiofrequency radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 89:378-83. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.754559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Barchana M, Margaliot M, Liphshitz I. Changes in Brain Glioma Incidence and Laterality Correlates with Use of Mobile Phones - a Nationwide Population Based Study in Israel. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:5857-63. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.11.5857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Carlberg M, Hardell L. On the association between glioma, wireless phones, heredity and ionising radiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:243-52. [PMID: 22939605 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We performed two case-control studies on brain tumours diagnosed during 1 January 1997 to 30 June 2000 and 1 July 2000 to 31 December 2003, respectively. Living cases and controls aged 20-80 years were included. An additional study was performed on deceased cases with a malignant brain tumour using deceased controls. Pooled results for glioma yielded for ipsilateral use of mobile phone odds ratio (OR)=2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.8-4.7 in the >10 years latency group. The corresponding result for cordless phone was OR=3.8, 95% CI=1.8-8.1. OR increased statistically significant for cumulative use of wireless phones per 100h and per year of latency. For high-grade glioma ipsilateral use of mobile phone gave OR=3.9, 95% CI=2.3-6.6 and cordless phone OR=5.5, 95% CI=2.3-13 in the >10 years latency group. Heredity for brain tumour gave OR=3.4, 95% CI=2.1-5.5 for glioma. There was no interaction with use of wireless phones. X-ray investigation of the head gave overall OR=1.3, 95% CI=1.1-1.7 for glioma without interaction with use of wireless phones or heredity. In conclusion use of mobile and cordless phone increased the risk for glioma with highest OR for ipsilateral use, latency >10 years and third tertile of cumulative use in hours. In total, the risk was highest in the age group <20 years for first use of a wireless phone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Carlberg
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital, SE-701 85 Örebro, Sweden.
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Myung SK, Ju W, Jung HS, Park CH, Oh SW, Seo HG, Kim HS. Efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation among pregnant smokers: a meta-analysis. BJOG 2012; 119:1029-39. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2012.03408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hutter HP, Ehrenhöfer L, Freuis E, Hartl P, Kundi M. Poor-to-moderate agreement between self and proxy interviews of mobile phone use. Bioelectromagnetics 2012; 33:561-7. [PMID: 22495617 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In epidemiological studies, cases cannot always be interviewed due to them being too ill or already deceased. Under these circumstances, proxy interviews are often conducted; however, the veridicality of information about mobile phone use gained by proxy interviews has been doubted. The issue is undecided due to the lack of empirical data. We conducted a study of 119 heterosexual couples. Both partners answered two questionnaires about mobile phone use, one about their own use and one about their partner's use. Overall agreement assessed using Cohen's kappa, Passing and Bablok regression, and concordance coefficients between self and proxy data was poor to moderate (e.g., concordance coefficients of 0.55 for duration of use). The only item with good agreement was whether or not a prepaid phone was used (Cohen's kappa 0.78 and 0.63 for male and female estimates, respectively), and to a lesser degree, the onset of mobile phone use (concordance coefficients of 0.66 and 0.61). Poorest agreement was obtained for the side of the head the mobile phone was held during calls (kappa coefficients of 0.20 and 0.24 for female and male estimates, respectively). We conclude that the assessment of mobile phone use by proxy data cannot be relied on except for information about onset of mobile phone use, use of prepaid or contract phones, and, to a lesser degree, duration of daily use. Agreement concerning the important information about side of the head the mobile phone is held during calls was poorest and only slightly better than chance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Hutter
- Institute of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Ratnapradipa D, Dundulis WP, Ritzel DO, Haseeb A. The Role of Health Education in Addressing Uncertainty About Health and Cell Phone Use—A Commentary. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2012.10599212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhitinut Ratnapradipa
- a Department of Health Education and Recreation , Southern Illinois University Carbondale , Pulliam Hall 307, Carbondale , IL , 62901
| | | | - Dale O. Ritzel
- c Department of Health Education and Recreation , Southern Illinois University , Carbondale , IL , 62901
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- d Department of Family and Community Medicine , Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine , Carbondale , IL , 62901
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Söderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K, Hardell L. Childhood brain tumour risk and its association with wireless phones: a commentary. Environ Health 2011; 10:106. [PMID: 22182218 PMCID: PMC3278351 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-10-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Case-control studies on adults point to an increased risk of brain tumours (glioma and acoustic neuroma) associated with the long-term use of mobile phones. Recently, the first study on mobile phone use and the risk of brain tumours in children and adolescents, CEFALO, was published. It has been claimed that this relatively small study yielded reassuring results of no increased risk. We do not agree. We consider that the data contain several indications of increased risk, despite low exposure, short latency period, and limitations in the study design, analyses and interpretation. The information certainly cannot be used as reassuring evidence against an association, for reasons that we discuss in this commentary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Carlberg
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Kjell Hansson Mild
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lennart Hardell
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
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Health effects of mobile phones: still highly uncertain and controversial. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2011; 86:77-8. [PMID: 22173109 DOI: 10.1097/01.epx.0000407771.44586.0b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sun W, Shen X, Lu D, Fu Y, Lu D, Chiang H. A 1.8-GHz radiofrequency radiation induces EGF receptor clustering and phosphorylation in cultured human amniotic (FL) cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2011; 88:239-44. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.634882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Repacholi MH, Lerchl A, Röösli M, Sienkiewicz Z, Auvinen A, Breckenkamp J, d'Inzeo G, Elliott P, Frei P, Heinrich S, Lagroye I, Lahkola A, McCormick DL, Thomas S, Vecchia P. Systematic review of wireless phone use and brain cancer and other head tumors. Bioelectromagnetics 2011; 33:187-206. [PMID: 22021071 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review of scientific studies to evaluate whether the use of wireless phones is linked to an increased incidence of the brain cancer glioma or other tumors of the head (meningioma, acoustic neuroma, and parotid gland), originating in the areas of the head that most absorb radiofrequency (RF) energy from wireless phones. Epidemiology and in vivo studies were evaluated according to an agreed protocol; quality criteria were used to evaluate the studies for narrative synthesis but not for meta-analyses or pooling of results. The epidemiology study results were heterogeneous, with sparse data on long-term use (≥ 10 years). Meta-analyses of the epidemiology studies showed no statistically significant increase in risk (defined as P < 0.05) for adult brain cancer or other head tumors from wireless phone use. Analyses of the in vivo oncogenicity, tumor promotion, and genotoxicity studies also showed no statistically significant relationship between exposure to RF fields and genotoxic damage to brain cells, or the incidence of brain cancers or other tumors of the head. Assessment of the review results using the Hill criteria did not support a causal relationship between wireless phone use and the incidence of adult cancers in the areas of the head that most absorb RF energy from the use of wireless phones. There are insufficient data to make any determinations about longer-term use (≥ 10 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Repacholi
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
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Gandhi OP, Morgan LL, de Salles AA, Han YY, Herberman RB, Davis DL. Exposure Limits: The underestimation of absorbed cell phone radiation, especially in children. Electromagn Biol Med 2011; 31:34-51. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2011.622827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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