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Riedmeier M, Decarolis B, Haubitz I, Müller S, Uttinger K, Börner K, Reibetanz J, Wiegering A, Härtel C, Schlegel PG, Fassnacht M, Wiegering V. Adrenocortical Carcinoma in Childhood: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5266. [PMID: 34771430 PMCID: PMC8582500 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical tumors are rare in children. This systematic review summarizes the published evidence on pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) to provide a basis for a better understanding of the disease, investigate new molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and define which patients may benefit from a more aggressive therapeutic approach. We included 137 studies with 3680 ACC patients (~65% female) in our analysis. We found no randomized controlled trials, so this review mainly reflects retrospective data. Due to a specific mutation in the TP53 gene in ~80% of Brazilian patients, that cohort was analyzed separately from series from other countries. Hormone analysis was described in 2569 of the 2874 patients (89%). Most patients were diagnosed with localized disease, whereas 23% had metastasis at primary diagnosis. Only 72% of the patients achieved complete resection. In 334 children (23%), recurrent disease was reported: 81%-local recurrence, 19% (n = 65)-distant metastases at relapse. Patients < 4 years old had a different distribution of tumor stages and hormone activity and better overall survival (p < 0.001). Although therapeutic approaches are typically multimodal, no consensus is available on effective standard treatments for advanced ACC. Thus, knowledge regarding pediatric ACC is still scarce and international prospective studies are needed to implement standardized clinical stratifications and risk-adapted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Riedmeier
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children’s Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneiderstr. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (M.R.); (I.H.); (C.H.); (P.-G.S.)
| | - Boris Decarolis
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical Faculty, University Children’s Hospital of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Imme Haubitz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children’s Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneiderstr. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (M.R.); (I.H.); (C.H.); (P.-G.S.)
| | - Sophie Müller
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (S.M.); (K.U.); (K.B.); (J.R.); (A.W.)
| | - Konstantin Uttinger
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (S.M.); (K.U.); (K.B.); (J.R.); (A.W.)
| | - Kevin Börner
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (S.M.); (K.U.); (K.B.); (J.R.); (A.W.)
| | - Joachim Reibetanz
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (S.M.); (K.U.); (K.B.); (J.R.); (A.W.)
| | - Armin Wiegering
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (S.M.); (K.U.); (K.B.); (J.R.); (A.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg Medical Centre, Josef-Schneiderstr. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Christoph Härtel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children’s Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneiderstr. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (M.R.); (I.H.); (C.H.); (P.-G.S.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg Medical Centre, Josef-Schneiderstr. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Paul-Gerhardt Schlegel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children’s Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneiderstr. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (M.R.); (I.H.); (C.H.); (P.-G.S.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg Medical Centre, Josef-Schneiderstr. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg Medical Centre, Josef-Schneiderstr. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Verena Wiegering
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children’s Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneiderstr. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (M.R.); (I.H.); (C.H.); (P.-G.S.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg Medical Centre, Josef-Schneiderstr. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany;
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Evanoff JD, Patel SG, Hickey KJ, Rensing AJ. Survival characteristics of localized pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma managed with adenectomy: A national cancer center database analysis. J Pediatr Urol 2021; 17:735.e1-735.e6. [PMID: 34210620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy, encompassing less than 0.2% of all childhood malignancies. Due to the scarcity of this diagnosis, it is often managed according to guidelines established for adults, as there is a lack of reliable evidence regarding optimal adjuvant treatment options for pediatric patients. It is our aim to identify recent treatment trends as well as clinical and tumor characteristics and their impact on overall survival. METHODS Using the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB), this study identified 49 patients under 18 years old with localized ACC (M0) undergoing adrenalectomy from 2004 to 2017. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to determine overall survival (OS) from patient characteristics and treatments received. Comparison of survival was performed using the log rank test. RESULTS The median age of our cohort was 3 years old with a slight female predominance of 61%. The median tumor size was 9.4 cm, and patients older than 4 years were significantly (p = 0.03) more likely to present with larger tumors (11.33 cm vs 8.76 cm). Adjuvant treatment in the form of systemic therapy was administered in 20 of 49 (41%) patients and radiation therapy in 2 of 49 (4%) patients. Three-year OS for patients 4 years old and younger was 92.6% vs 61.8% for those older than 4 years (p = 0.002). Patients presenting with tumor size ≥9 cm had worse three-year OS compared to those with tumors <9 cm (95.24% vs 67.1% respectively, p = 0.02, Fig. 1). In patients with tumors ≥ 9 cm, younger children age 0-4 years had significantly (p = 0.04) higher OS rates than older children age 5-17 years. CONCLUSIONS ACC is a rare pediatric malignancy with a female predominance. Those older than 4 years and those with presenting tumor size ≥9 cm have decreased overall survival rates after adrenalectomy for localized disease. Additionally, children older than 4 have poorer prognosis, even after controlling for larger tumor size. This is the largest contemporary series of localized pediatric ACC to date. However, multi-institutional prospective cohort or randomized-controlled trials are necessary to better evaluate relevant prognostic factors and the role of adjuvant therapies following adrenalectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaisa D Evanoff
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, 940 Stanton L Young Blvd #357, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Sanjay G Patel
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma, 920 Stanton L. Young Blvd, WP 2140, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Kyle J Hickey
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, 940 Stanton L Young Blvd #357, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Adam J Rensing
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma, 920 Stanton L. Young Blvd, WP 2140, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Brenna CTA, Michaeli O, Wasserman JD, Malkin D. Clinical Outcomes of Children With Adrenocortical Carcinoma in the Context of Germline TP53 Status. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 43:e635-e641. [PMID: 33122580 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy of the adrenal cortex. This study characterizes a single-institution cohort of children treated for ACC, and explores the relationship between clinical outcomes of ACC and germline TP53 mutation status. We performed a retrospective chart review of 23 consecutive pediatric patients with ACC treated at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, between 1977 and 2017. Clinical, biochemical, radiologic, pathologic, and genetic data were collected for each patient. ACC diagnosis followed a bimodal age distribution of 0 to 6 (n=17) and 12+ (n=6) years, with a female:male ratio of 3.6:1. Ten of 20 patients tested for germline TP53 status carried a pathogenic (9) or likely pathogenic (1) variant, including all but 1 male patient. Only 3 patients died of ACC-related causes, each 5 months post-diagnosis. When treated with resection and combination chemotherapy, carriers of germline TP53 mutations may respond more favorably than their wild-type counterparts. In addition, the survival of patients reported in our cohort with high-stage ACC was appreciably greater than previously described (100.0% for stage II, 50.0% for stage III, and 42.9% for stage IV), favoring aggressive intervention in these patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor T A Brenna
- Departments of Medicine
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children
| | - Orli Michaeli
- Pediatrics, University of Toronto
- Divisions of Hematology/Oncology
| | - Jonathan D Wasserman
- Pediatrics, University of Toronto
- Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Pediatrics, University of Toronto
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children
- Divisions of Hematology/Oncology
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4
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Virgone C, Roganovic J, Vorwerk P, Redlich A, Schneider DT, Janic D, Bien E, López-Almaraz R, Godzinski J, Osterlundh G, Stachowicz-Stencel T, Brugières L, Brecht IB, Thomas-Teinturier C, Fresneau B, Surun A, Ferrari A, Bisogno G, Orbach D. Adrenocortical tumours in children and adolescents: The EXPeRT/PARTNER diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68 Suppl 4:e29025. [PMID: 34174161 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical tumours (ACTs) are rare during childhood. A complete surgical resection provides the best chance of cure, but the role and efficacy of the adjuvant therapy are still controversial. Various histologic criteria of malignancy for ACTs adopted in children do not facilitate comparative studies and are not completely shared. Therefore, a sharp demarcation between benign and malignant lesions has not been recognised, making it difficult to identify who potentially needs perioperative therapy. This manuscript presents the internationally harmonised recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of ACTs in children and adolescents, established by the European Cooperative Study Group for Paediatric Rare Tumours (EXPeRT) group within the EU-funded project PARTNER (Paediatric Rare Tumours Network - European Registry).
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Affiliation(s)
- Calogero Virgone
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Jelena Roganovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Peter Vorwerk
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Otto von Guericke University Children´s Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Antje Redlich
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Otto von Guericke University Children´s Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Dragana Janic
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ewa Bien
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ricardo López-Almaraz
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Barakaldo-Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jan Godzinski
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Marciniak Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Pediatric Traumatology and Emergency Medicine, Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Gustaf Osterlundh
- Department of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Laurence Brugières
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Ines B Brecht
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Cécile Thomas-Teinturier
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes for Children, Bicêtre Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Brice Fresneau
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Surun
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer), Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianni Bisogno
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniel Orbach
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer), Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
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5
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Abstract
Pediatric adrenal tumors are uncommon entities that are frequently occult and identified incidentally or by recognizing symptoms related to hormone overproduction. They often have a genetic underpinning, arise from the medulla or cortex, can be malignant or benign, and require precise diagnostic algorithms. However, pseudotumors must also be a diagnostic consideration. Therapeutic interventions and plans are tumor dependent, but surgery is a cornerstone of treatment. Ongoing surveillance after treatment, regardless of malignant determination, is of utmost importance as well.
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6
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Ardicli B, User IR, Ciftci AO, Akyuz C, Kutluk MT, Yalcin B, Gonc N, Ozon ZA, Alikasifoglu A, Oguz B, Haliloglu M, Orhan D, Tanyel FC, Karnak I, Ekinci S. Adrenocortical tumours in children: a review of surgical management at a tertiary care centre. ANZ J Surg 2021; 91:992-999. [PMID: 33438328 DOI: 10.1111/ans.16542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenocortical tumours (ACT) are rare tumours of childhood usually presenting with endocrine dysfunction. This retrospective study is designed to review our institutional experience in surgical management. METHODS Records of children treated for ACT between 1999 and 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS The median age of 24 children was 78 months. Fourteen patients had adrenocortical carcinoma, nine had adrenocortical adenoma and one had neuroendocrine differentiation of ACT. Endocrine dysfunction was noted in 79% of the patients. Five patients had preoperative chemotherapy but none had a decrease in tumour size. Transabdominal approach was used in all but two patients who had thoracoabdominal incision for excision of giant tumours and ipsilateral lung metastases. Two patients had visceral excision to achieve R0 resection. Five patients, four of whom had spillage and one with partial resection died of widespread disease. Two patients with stage 4 adrenocortical carcinoma are still on chemotherapy. All patients with stage I-III disease who had total excision without spillage (n = 17) are disease-free for 2-170 months. CONCLUSIONS Our results show the importance of excision in ACT without spillage for survival. However, multicentre prospective studies should enhance the knowledge of children about ACT and develop alternative therapies for stage III and IV cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Ardicli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Research, Hacettepe University, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Paediatric Surgery, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Idil R User
- Department of Medical and Surgical Research, Hacettepe University, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Paediatric Surgery, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arbay O Ciftci
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Canan Akyuz
- Department of Paediatric, Paediatric Oncology Unit, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa T Kutluk
- Department of Paediatric, Paediatric Oncology Unit, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bilgehan Yalcin
- Department of Paediatric, Paediatric Oncology Unit, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nazli Gonc
- Department of Paediatric, Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep A Ozon
- Department of Paediatric, Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Alikasifoglu
- Department of Paediatric, Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berna Oguz
- Department of Radiology, Paediatric Radiology Unit, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mithat Haliloglu
- Department of Radiology, Paediatric Radiology Unit, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Diclehan Orhan
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Pathology Unit, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Feridun C Tanyel
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Karnak
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saniye Ekinci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Research, Hacettepe University, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Paediatric Surgery, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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7
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Zekri W, Hammad M, Rashed WM, Ahmed G, Elshafie M, Adly MH, Elborai Y, Abdalla B, Taha H, Elkinaae N, Refaat A, Younis A, Alfaar AS. The outcome of childhood adrenocortical carcinoma in Egypt: A model from developing countries. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2020; 37:198-210. [PMID: 31971470 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2019.1710309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive endocrine neoplasm. Complete surgical resection is the single most important treatment. Most available information has been learned from experience with its more frequent adult counterpart. In this study, we assessed the features and survival outcome of patients with ACC at Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE). Patients diagnosed at CCHE between July 2007 and November 2016 were followed up on until November 2018. Patients with stages I and II were operated upon, while stages III and IV had received combinations of doxorubicin, etoposide, platinol, and mitotane (DEPM) beside the attempt to conduct surgery when feasible. Data belonging to 18 patients (7 men and 11 women) were analyzed; median age at diagnosis was 48.5 months. Sixteen patients had presented with secreting tumors. Six patients were diagnosed with stage I disease; four with stage II; three with stage III; and five with stage IV carcinoma. By the end of this study, 10 patients have survived; five-year overall survival of 66.3%. Surviving patients were all of stage I or II diseases and were all in remission. Seven patients who did not survive died due to tumor progression, while one patient died after chemotherapy. The prognosis of ACC is essentially dependent on a successful complete resection of the tumor and thus on the initial tumor stage. The mitotane and DEP protocols may help control tumor growth in the advanced stages for only short periods. Key pointsInitial stage and resectability are the main indicators of outcomes in adrenocortical carcinoma.Chemotherapeutic agents used in developed countries did not achieve the same outcomes.Further molecular-pharmacology differentiation is needed for various ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Zekri
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE-57357), Cairo, Egypt.,Pediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Hammad
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE-57357), Cairo, Egypt.,Pediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M Rashed
- Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE-57357), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehad Ahmed
- Surgery Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.,Surgery Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE-57357), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maged Elshafie
- Surgery Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE-57357), Cairo, Egypt.,Surgery Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Yasser Elborai
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE-57357), Cairo, Egypt.,Pediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Abdalla
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital of Llandough, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hala Taha
- Pathology Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE-57357), Cairo, Egypt.,Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Elkinaae
- Pathology Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE-57357), Cairo, Egypt.,Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal Refaat
- Radiodiagnosis Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE-57357), Cairo, Egypt.,Radiodiagnosis Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Younis
- Surgery Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE-57357), Cairo, Egypt.,Surgery Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmad S Alfaar
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, a Corporate Member of Freie Universität, Humboldt University, the Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The majority of progress made in pediatric oncology over the past 50 years has been achieved in the most common cancers. Rare pediatric cancers, which collectively comprise more than 10% of all pediatric cancers, pose multiple challenges to researchers and clinicians, all which stem from the infrequency of these cancers. There has been a tremendous increase in focus on rare pediatric cancers by international consortia and registries, disease-specific clinics, and divisions of academic children's hospitals in the last 10 years. This focus, along with the progress made in cancer genomics, has changed the landscape for the study and treatment of rare pediatric cancers. This review focuses on the past, present, and future of the study and treatment of rare pediatric cancers. RECENT FINDINGS Cancer genomics is changing the way some cancers are being diagnosed, categorized, and treated. Rare pediatric cancers potentially stand to greatly benefit from advances in precision diagnosis and treatment. SUMMARY The challenges of studying rare pediatric cancers are well known. By utilizing similar techniques that allowed for progress in the common pediatric malignancies, namely collaboration, increased focus, greater funding, and utilization of cancer genomics, progress in the study and treatment of rare pediatric cancers is promising.
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9
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Parise IZS, Parise GA, Noronha L, Surakhy M, Woiski TD, Silva DB, Costa TEIJB, Del-Valle MHCP, Komechen H, Rosati R, Ribeiro MG, Nascimento ML, de Souza JA, Andrade DP, Paraizo MM, Galvão MMR, Barbosa JRS, Barbosa ML, Custódio GC, Figueiredo MMO, Fabro ALMR, Bond G, Volante M, Lalli E, Figueiredo BC. The Prognostic Role of CD8 + T Lymphocytes in Childhood Adrenocortical Carcinomas Compared to Ki-67, PD-1, PD-L1, and the Weiss Score. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111730. [PMID: 31694270 PMCID: PMC6896110 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare disease among children. Our goal was to identify prognostic biomarkers in 48 primary ACCs from children (2.83 ± 2.3 y; mean age ± SD) by evaluating the tumor stage and outcome for an age of diagnosis before or after 3 years, and association with ACC cluster of differentiation 8 positive (CD8+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+-CTL) and Ki-67 immunohistochemical expression (IHC). Programmed death 1(PD-1)/Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) in ACC was analyzed in a second, partially overlapping cohort (N = 19) with a similar mean age. All patients and control children were carriers of the germline TP53 R337H mutation. Survival without recurrence for less than 3 years and death unrelated to disease were excluded. Higher counts of CD8+-CTL were associated with patients diagnosed with ACC at a younger age and stage I, whereas a higher percentage of the Ki-67 labeling index (LI) and Weiss scores did not differentiate disease free survival (DFS) in children younger than 3 years old. No PD-1 staining was observed, whereas weakly PD-L1-positive immune cells were found in 4/19 (21%) of the ACC samples studied. A high CD8+-CTL count in ACC of surviving children is compelling evidence of an immune response against the disease. A better understanding of the options for enhancement of targets for CD8+ T cell recognition may provide insights for future pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Zortéa S. Parise
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, 1532 Silva Jardim, AV., Curitiba, PR 80250-200, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, 333 Iguaçu Av., Rebouças, Curitiba, PR 80230-902, Brazil
- Hospital Infantil Joana Gusmão, 152 Rui Barbosa St., Florianópolis, SC 88025-300, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A. Parise
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC), UFPR, 400 Agostinho Leão Jr. Av., Curitiba, PR 80030-110, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Noronha
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 181 General Carneiro, Alto da Glória, Curitiba, PR 80060-900, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, PUCPR, 1155 Imaculada Conceição St., Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Mirvat Surakhy
- Oxford Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Build, Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Thiago Demetrius Woiski
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, 1532 Silva Jardim, AV., Curitiba, PR 80250-200, Brazil
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC), UFPR, 400 Agostinho Leão Jr. Av., Curitiba, PR 80030-110, Brazil
| | - Denise B. Silva
- Hospital Infantil Joana Gusmão, 152 Rui Barbosa St., Florianópolis, SC 88025-300, Brazil
| | - Tatiana EI-Jaick B. Costa
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, 333 Iguaçu Av., Rebouças, Curitiba, PR 80230-902, Brazil
- Hospital Infantil Joana Gusmão, 152 Rui Barbosa St., Florianópolis, SC 88025-300, Brazil
| | | | - Heloisa Komechen
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, 1532 Silva Jardim, AV., Curitiba, PR 80250-200, Brazil
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC), UFPR, 400 Agostinho Leão Jr. Av., Curitiba, PR 80030-110, Brazil
| | - Roberto Rosati
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, 1532 Silva Jardim, AV., Curitiba, PR 80250-200, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, 333 Iguaçu Av., Rebouças, Curitiba, PR 80230-902, Brazil
| | - Melyssa Grignet Ribeiro
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 181 General Carneiro, Alto da Glória, Curitiba, PR 80060-900, Brazil
| | | | - José Antônio de Souza
- Hospital Infantil Joana Gusmão, 152 Rui Barbosa St., Florianópolis, SC 88025-300, Brazil
| | - Diancarlos P. Andrade
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, 1532 Silva Jardim, AV., Curitiba, PR 80250-200, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, 333 Iguaçu Av., Rebouças, Curitiba, PR 80230-902, Brazil
| | - Mariana M. Paraizo
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, 1532 Silva Jardim, AV., Curitiba, PR 80250-200, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, 333 Iguaçu Av., Rebouças, Curitiba, PR 80230-902, Brazil
| | - Marjorana Martini R. Galvão
- Ciência Laboratório Médico Ltda-Hospital Infantil Joana de Gusmão, 152 Rui Barbosa St., Florianópolis, SC 88025-300, Brazil
| | - José Renato S. Barbosa
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC), UFPR, 400 Agostinho Leão Jr. Av., Curitiba, PR 80030-110, Brazil
| | - Miriam Lacerda Barbosa
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC), UFPR, 400 Agostinho Leão Jr. Av., Curitiba, PR 80030-110, Brazil
| | - Gislaine C. Custódio
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC), UFPR, 400 Agostinho Leão Jr. Av., Curitiba, PR 80030-110, Brazil
| | - Mirna M. O. Figueiredo
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC), UFPR, 400 Agostinho Leão Jr. Av., Curitiba, PR 80030-110, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza M. R. Fabro
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, 333 Iguaçu Av., Rebouças, Curitiba, PR 80230-902, Brazil
- Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, 1070 Desembargador Motta Av., Curitiba, Paraná 80250-060, Brazil
| | - Gareth Bond
- Oxford Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Build, Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Marco Volante
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Enzo Lalli
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS, 660 route des Lucioles, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (B.C.F.)
| | - Bonald C. Figueiredo
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, 1532 Silva Jardim, AV., Curitiba, PR 80250-200, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, 333 Iguaçu Av., Rebouças, Curitiba, PR 80230-902, Brazil
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC), UFPR, 400 Agostinho Leão Jr. Av., Curitiba, PR 80030-110, Brazil
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Federal University of Paraná, 280 Padre Camargo, Alto da Glória, Curitiba, PR 80060-240, Brazil
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (B.C.F.)
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10
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Fogaça RL, Alvarenga LM, Woiski TD, Becker-Finco A, Teixeira KN, Silva SK, de Moraes RN, Noronha LD, Noiray M, de Figueiredo BC, Billiald P, Moura JD. Biomolecular engineering of antidehydroepiandrosterone antibodies: a new perspective in cancer diagnosis and treatment using single-chain antibody variable fragment. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:689-705. [PMID: 30691340 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop a monoclonal antibody against dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and miniaturize it, generating a single-chain antibody variable fragment (scFv) against DHEA as an adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) marker. Material & methods: DHEA conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin was used as an immunogen to obtain anti-DHEA hybridomas. Variable fragments were cloned from hybridoma 5B7 total RNA, and used to detect DHEA in normal adrenal tissue and ACC cells. Results: IgM monoclonal antibody was highly specific, and the recombinant scFv preserved parental antibody characteristics, allowing tissue localization of DHEA. Conclusion: Undefined small lesions are challenges for clinicians and impact clinical adrenocortical tumor management. Generating an anti-DHEA scFv facilitates development of imaging tests for early diagnosis of pediatric ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela L Fogaça
- Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Curitiba, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Básica – UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Larissa M Alvarenga
- Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Curitiba, Brazil
- Pós graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Curitiba, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Básica – UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Thiago D Woiski
- Instituto Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sabrina K Silva
- Pós graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Curitiba, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Básica – UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Lúcia de Noronha
- Pós graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Curitiba, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Magali Noiray
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, INSERM UMR S1193 & UMS IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | | | - Philippe Billiald
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, INSERM UMR S1193 & UMS IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7245, Paris, France
| | - Juliana de Moura
- Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Curitiba, Brazil
- Pós graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Curitiba, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Básica – UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil
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11
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Anderson JE, Stark RA. Li-Fraumeni syndrome: Adrenal cortical tumor in a newborn followed by a choroid plexus tumor. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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