1
|
Brewin CR. Inaccuracy in the Scientific Record and Open Postpublication Critique. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2023; 18:1244-1253. [PMID: 36745732 PMCID: PMC10475207 DOI: 10.1177/17456916221141357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the published psychological literature is marred by multiple errors and inaccuracies and often fails to reflect the changing nature of the knowledge base. At least four types of error are common-citation error, methodological error, statistical error, and interpretation error. In the face of the apparent inevitability of these inaccuracies, core scientific values such as openness and transparency require that correction mechanisms are readily available. In this article, I reviewed standard mechanisms in psychology journals and found them to have limitations. The effects of more widely enabling open postpublication critique in the same journal in addition to conventional peer review are considered. This mechanism is well established in medicine and the life sciences but rare in psychology and may assist psychological science to correct itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris R. Brewin
- Research Department of Clinical Educational & Health Psychology, University College London
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Battista F, Mangiulli I, Patihis L, Dodier O, Curci A, Lanciano T, Otgaar H. A scientometric and descriptive review on the debate about repressed memories and traumatic forgetting. J Anxiety Disord 2023; 97:102733. [PMID: 37311335 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent work suggests that the debate surrounding repressed memory and traumatic forgetting continues today. To further investigate this debate, we performed preregistered scientometric analyses on publications on the debate about repressed memory to provide information about its bibliometric evolution. Furthermore, we reviewed these publications to highlight the different positions taken by scholars on this debate. We reviewed 434 publications extracted from Scopus and Web of Science from 1969 to 2022. Our scientometric analyses permitted us to visualize the development of the publications on repressed memories and identify the terminology used to label this phenomenon. We identified three waves of publications (i.e., 1994-2000; 2003-2009; 2012-2021) showing that there is a recent peak of scholarly attention into this topic. 40% of scholars supported the phenomenon of repressed memory while 29% did not. Moreover, although in the last wave of publications, 35% of articles included critical arguments against the existence of repressed memory, a sizable number of publications (21%) supported ideas in favour of repressed memory. Finally, we observed that the term dissociative amnesia is another expression used to refer to the phenomenon. Our results provide additional evidence that the debate on repressed memories (and dissociative amnesia) is far from being over.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Battista
- Leuven Institute of Criminology, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium; Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy.
| | - Ivan Mangiulli
- Leuven Institute of Criminology, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium; University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Henry Otgaar
- Leuven Institute of Criminology, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium; Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Riesthuis P, Mangiulli I, Broers N, Otgaar H. Expert opinions on the smallest effect size of interest in false memory research. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Riesthuis
- Leuven Institute of Criminology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Forensic Psychology Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands
| | - Ivan Mangiulli
- Leuven Institute of Criminology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Forensic Psychology Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands
| | - Nick Broers
- Forensic Psychology Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands
| | - Henry Otgaar
- Leuven Institute of Criminology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Forensic Psychology Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McGuire KL. Methods of Exploring Related-Meaning-Based False Memories. JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2021.1976782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
5
|
Piedfort-Marin O, Rignol G, Tarquinio C. Le trouble dissociatif de l’identité : les mythes à l’épreuve des recherches scientifiques. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
6
|
Falzarano F, Siedlecki KL. Investigating the Relations Among Different Measures of False Memory. Adv Cogn Psychol 2020; 15:290-300. [PMID: 32499839 PMCID: PMC7256647 DOI: 10.5709/acp-0276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers have used the term false memory to describe various memory errors, including the incorporation of erroneous information into a memory, misremembering a word presented as a picture, and the construction of a detailed memory of an event that did not occur. Whether such diverse manifestations of false memory are assessing the same construct has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study is to examine the relations among a set of variables that have been used in the literature to measure false memory. The sample consisted of 112 college students who completed four false memory measures, including the commonly used Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) and the misinformation tasks. Zero-order correlations indicated that there are little to no associations between false memories in the DRM and the misinformation tasks, as well as the other false memory tasks. A confirmatory factor analysis of the DRM and misinformation variables further suggested that the false memory variables share little variance in common and may not be represented by a unitary factor. Thus, the results of the current study suggest that tasks intended to measure false memory may be measuring different types of memory errors.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mapelli I, Özkurt TE. Brain Oscillatory Correlates of Visual Short-Term Memory Errors. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:33. [PMID: 30814942 PMCID: PMC6381075 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain dynamics of memory formation were explored during encoding and retention intervals of a visual working memory task. EEG data were acquired while subjects were exposed to grayscale images of widely known object categories (e.g., "luggage," "chair," and "car"). Following a short delay, two probes were shown to test memory accuracy. Oscillatory portraits of successful and erroneous memories were contrasted. Where significant differences were identified, oscillatory traits of false memories (i.e., when a novel probe item of the same category is recognized as familiar) were compared with those of successful and erroneous memories. Spectral analysis revealed theta (6-8 Hz) power over occipital channels for encoding of successful and false memories that was smaller when compared to other types of memory errors. The reduced theta power indicates successful encoding and reflects the efficient activation of the underlying neural assemblies. Prominent alpha-beta (10-26 Hz) activity belonging to the right parieto-occipital channels was identified during the retention interval. It was found to be larger for false memories and errors than that of correctly answered trials. High levels of alpha-beta oscillatory activity for errors correspond to poor maintenance leading to inefficient allocation of WM resources. In case of false memories, this would imply necessary cognitive effort to manage the extra semantic and perceptual load induced by the encoded stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Mapelli
- Neurosignal Laboratory, Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tolga Esat Özkurt
- Neurosignal Laboratory, Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pardilla-Delgado E, Payne JD. The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory. J Vis Exp 2017:54793. [PMID: 28190038 PMCID: PMC5407674 DOI: 10.3791/54793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Deese, Roediger and McDermott (DRM) task is a false memory paradigm in which subjects are presented with lists of semantically related words (e.g., nurse, hospital, etc.) at encoding. After a delay, subjects are asked to recall or recognize these words. In the recognition memory version of the task, subjects are asked whether they remember previously presented words, as well as related (but never presented) critical lure words ('doctor'). Typically, the critical word is recognized with high probability and confidence. This false memory effect has been robustly demonstrated across short (e.g., immediate, 20 min) and long (e.g., 1, 7, 60 d) delays between encoding and memory testing. A strength of using this task to study false memory is its simplicity and short duration. If encoding and retrieval components of the task occur in the same session, the entire task can take as little as 2 - 30 min. However, although the DRM task is widely considered a 'false memory' paradigm, some researchers consider DRM illusions to be based on the activation of semantic memory networks in the brain, and argue that such semantic gist-based false memory errors may actually be useful in some scenarios (e.g., remembering the forest for the trees; remembering that a word list was about "doctors", even though the actual word "doctor" was never presented for study). Remembering the gist of experience (instead of or along with individual details) is arguably an adaptive process and this task has provided a great deal of knowledge about the constructive, adaptive nature of memory. Therefore, researchers should use caution when discussing the overall reach and implications of their experiments when using this task to study 'false memory', as DRM memory errors may not adequately reflect false memories in the real world, such as false memory in eyewitness testimony, or false memories of sexual abuse.
Collapse
|
9
|
Becker-Blease K, Freyd JJ. Additional Questions about the Applicability of “False Memory” Research. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
10
|
McGuire K, London K, Wright DB. Developmental Trends in False Memory Across Adolescence and Young Adulthood: A Comparison of DRM and Memory Conformity Paradigms. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine McGuire
- Department of Psychology; Western Illinois University; Macomb IL USA
| | - Kamala London
- Department of Psychology; University of Toledo; Toledo OH USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Our memory is often surprisingly inaccurate, with errors ranging from misremembering minor details of events to generating illusory memories of entire episodes. The pervasiveness of such false memories generates a puzzle: in the face of selection pressure for accuracy of memory, how could such systematic failures have persisted over evolutionary time? It is possible that memory errors are an inevitable by-product of our adaptive memories and that semantic false memories are specifically connected to our ability to learn rules and concepts and to classify objects by category memberships. Here we test this possibility using a standard experimental false memory paradigm and inter-individual variation in verbal categorisation ability. Indeed it turns out that the error scores are significantly negatively correlated, with those individuals scoring fewer errors on the categorisation test being more susceptible to false memory intrusions in a free recall test. A similar trend, though not significant, was observed between individual categorisation ability and false memory susceptibility in a word recognition task. Our results therefore indicate that false memories, to some extent, might be a by-product of our ability to learn rules, categories and concepts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Hunt
- Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Lars Chittka
- Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Otgaar H, Howe ML, Peters M, Sauerland M, Raymaekers L. Developmental trends in different types of spontaneous false memories: implications for the legal field. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2013; 31:666-682. [PMID: 23839901 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In an emerging area of memory research, it is becoming apparent that one particular type of false memory, called spontaneous false memory, follows a developmental trajectory that is the opposite of what is commonly assumed in false memory research - that is, spontaneous false memories are more likely to occur in adults than in children. The present study focused on developmental trends of different types of spontaneous false memories. Specifically, in the current study, 6-8 year-olds, 10-12 year-olds, and adults were presented with two methods to induce spontaneous false memories: (i) semantically related word lists that are commonly used to evoke spontaneous false memories [i.e, Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm]; and (ii) a video in which related details were not shown but were presented during a recognition task. The results showed that children were more likely to form false memories than adults in the video false memory paradigm, whereas DRM false memories were more evident in adults than in children. Furthermore, we found that on a general level, DRM false memories were positively related to video spontaneous false memories. We explain that stimuli that contain obvious themes attenuate or even reverse developmental trends in spontaneous false memories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Otgaar
- Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ost J, Blank H, Davies J, Jones G, Lambert K, Salmon K. False memory ≠ false memory: DRM errors are unrelated to the misinformation effect. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57939. [PMID: 23573186 PMCID: PMC3616041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The DRM method has proved to be a popular and powerful, if controversial, way to study 'false memories'. One reason for the controversy is that the extent to which the DRM effect generalises to other kinds of memory error has been neither satisfactorily established nor subject to much empirical attention. In the present paper we contribute data to this ongoing debate. One hundred and twenty participants took part in a standard misinformation effect experiment, in which they watched some CCTV footage, were exposed to misleading post-event information about events depicted in the footage, and then completed free recall and recognition tests. Participants also completed a DRM test as an ostensibly unrelated filler task. Despite obtaining robust misinformation and DRM effects, there were no correlations between a broad range of misinformation and DRM effect measures (mean r = -.01). This was not due to reliability issues with our measures or a lack of power. Thus DRM 'false memories' and misinformation effect 'false memories' do not appear to be equivalent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Ost
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Hartmut Blank
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Davies
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Lambert
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Salmon
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The Cognitive Neuroscience of True and False Memories. TRUE AND FALSE RECOVERED MEMORIES 2012; 58:15-52. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1195-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
15
|
DePrince AP, Brown LS, Cheit RE, Freyd JJ, Gold SN, Pezdek K, Quina K. Motivated forgetting and misremembering: perspectives from betrayal trauma theory. NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION. NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION 2012; 58:193-242. [PMID: 22303768 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1195-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Individuals are sometimes exposed to information that may endanger their well-being. In such cases, forgetting or misremembering may be adaptive. Childhood abuse perpetrated by a caregiver is an example. Betrayal trauma theory (BTT) proposes that the way in which events are processed and remembered will be related to the degree to which a negative event represents a betrayal by a trusted, needed other. Full awareness of such abuse may only increase the victim's risk by motivating withdrawal or confrontation with the perpetrator, thus risking a relationship vital to the victim's survival. In such situations, minimizing awareness of the betrayal trauma may be adaptive. BTT has implications for the larger memory and trauma field, particularly with regard to forgetting and misremembering events. This chapter reviews conceptual and empirical issues central to the literature on memory for trauma and BTT as well as identifies future research directions derived from BTT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne P DePrince
- Center for Community Engagement and Service Learning, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Belli RF. Epilogue: continuing points of contention in the recovered memory debate. NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION. NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION 2012; 58:243-55. [PMID: 22303769 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1195-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Four contentious issues in the recovered memory debate are explored. Volume contributors offer differing perspectives on the generalizability of laboratory research, on the role of emotion in memory, on the prevalence of false recoveries, and on the motivations that underlie differences in opinion, especially with regard to whether the debate ought to be framed within a larger sociopolitical context. The recovered memory debate is argued to center on two ethical concerns that happen to be in conflict, equality among groups on one hand and due process protections on the other. Additional movement toward reconciliation is possible with a fair assessment of all available evidence, with a mutual understanding of differing perspectives, and with civil discourse.
Collapse
|
17
|
Belknap J. Rape: too hard to report and too easy to discredit victims. Violence Against Women 2011; 16:1335-44; discussion 1372-4. [PMID: 21164211 DOI: 10.1177/1077801210387749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Belknap
- Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0483, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Ost J, Granhag PA, Udell J, Roos af Hjelmsäter E. Familiarity breeds distortion: the effects of media exposure on false reports concerning media coverage of the terrorist attacks in london on 7 July 2005. Memory 2008; 16:76-85. [PMID: 18158688 DOI: 10.1080/09658210701723323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present experiment investigated whether increased media exposure could lead to an increase in memory distortions regarding a traumatic public event: the explosion of the No. 30 bus in Tavistock Square, London on 7 July 2005. A total of 150 Swedish and 150 UK participants completed a series of questionnaires about their memory of either (i) the aftermath of the explosion, (ii) a non-existent computerised reconstruction of the moment of the explosion, or (iii) non-existent closed circuit television footage of the moment of the explosion. In line with the availability heuristic, U.K. participants were more likely than Swedish participants to claim to have seen all three types of footage. Furthermore, a subsample of U.K. participants who appeared to have developed false "memories" of seeing the No. 30 bus explode scored significantly higher on measures of dissociation and fantasy proneness than participants who did not develop false "memories". This experiment provides further support for the role of imaginative processes in the development of false memories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Ost
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry I Street, Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO1 2DY, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wade KA, Sharman SJ, Garry M, Memon A, Mazzoni G, Merckelbach H, Loftus EF. False claims about false memory research. Conscious Cogn 2007; 16:18-28; discussion 29-30. [PMID: 16931058 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2006.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Revised: 07/08/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pezdek and Lam [Pezdek, K. & Lam, S. (2007). What research paradigms have cognitive psychologists used to study "False memory," and what are the implications of these choices? Consciousness and Cognition] claim that the majority of research into false memories has been misguided. Specifically, they charge that false memory scientists have been (1) misusing the term "false memory," (2) relying on the wrong methodologies to study false memories, and (3) misapplying false memory research to real world situations. We review each of these claims and highlight the problems with them. We conclude that several types of false memory research have advanced our knowledge of autobiographical and recovered memories, and that future research will continue to make significant contributions to how we understand memory and memory errors.
Collapse
|
21
|
Pezdek K, Lam S. What research paradigms have cognitive psychologists used to study “False memory,” and what are the implications of these choices? Conscious Cogn 2007; 16:2-17. [PMID: 16157490 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2005.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2005] [Revised: 05/03/2005] [Accepted: 06/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This research examines the methodologies employed by cognitive psychologists to study "false memory," and assesses if these methodologies are likely to facilitate scientific progress or perhaps constrain the conclusions reached. A PsycINFO search of the empirical publications in cognitive psychology was conducted through January, 2004, using the subject heading, "false memory." The search produced 198 articles. Although there is an apparent false memory research bandwagon in cognitive psychology, with increasing numbers of studies published on this topic over the past decade, few researchers (only 13.1% of the articles) have studied false memory as the term was originally intended--to specifically refer to planting memory for an entirely new event that was never experienced in an individual's lifetime. Cognitive psychologists interested in conducting research relevant to assessing the authenticity of memories for child sexual abuse should consider the generalizability of their research to the planting of entirely new events in memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Pezdek
- Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA 91711-3955, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Dalenberg C. Recovered memory and the Daubert criteria: recovered memory as professionally tested, peer reviewed, and accepted in the relevant scientific community. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2006; 7:274-310. [PMID: 17065548 DOI: 10.1177/1524838006294572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Research during the past two decades has firmly established the reliability of the phenomenon of recovered memory. This review first highlights the strongest evidence for the phenomenon itself and discusses the survey, experimental, and biological evidence for the varying mechanisms that may underlie the phenomenon. Routes to traumatic amnesia from dissociative detachment (loss of emotional content leading to loss of factual content) and from dissociative compartmentalization (failure in integration) are discussed. Next, an argument is made that false memory is a largely orthogonal concept to recovered memory; the possibility of one phenomena is largely irrelevant to the potential for the other. Furthermore, some aspects of the false memory research offer supportive data for the recovered memory researcher. Finally, the issue of error rates in making the Daubert case is explored. It is concluded that the weight of the evidence should allow the recovered memory victim to come before the court.
Collapse
|
24
|
Huang YM, Yeh YY. Memory errors on emotional lures: Is it possible to mistake a positive stimulus for a negative one? Cogn Emot 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/02699930500280334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
25
|
Foley MA, Wozniak KH, Gillum A. Imagination and false memory inductions: investigating the role of process, content and source of imaginations. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|