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Xu L, Song L, Xiong Z, Chen J. The relationship between perceived social support and rumination among parents of children with autism: moderating effect of the degree of intervention received by children. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1340046. [PMID: 38774438 PMCID: PMC11106356 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1340046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective As the number of children diagnosed with autism rises year by year, the issue of nurturing this particular group becomes increasingly salient. Parents of autistic children, as the nearest and most reliable caregivers for their children, shoulder immense psychological strain and accountability. They are compelled to confront an array of daily life challenges presented by their children, as well as endure multiple pressures such as societal scrutiny and financial burdens. Consequently, the mental health status of the parents is of utmost significance. Methods In this study, questionnaire survey combined with literature analysis were applied. The rumination thinking scale and the social support scale were used to investigate the relationship between social support perceived by parents of autistic children and rumination. Meanwhile, the moderating effects of intervention on children with autism were also explored. It hopes that our research would provide a basis for alleviating psychological stress and improving the mental health levels of the parents. A total of 303 parents of children with autism were collected (including 160 females and 143 males). Corresponding data analyses were conducted using SPSS 26.0. Results Parents of autistic children generally exhibited high levels of rumination, with significant gender differences. At the same time, the perceived social support by the parents significantly influenced their level of rumination. It showed that the higher the social support received by parents, the lower the level of rumination. More importantly, the extent of intervention received by the children had a regulating effect on rumination of their parents. Conclusion The personalized psychological support programs should be developed based on the actual situation of parents, to better manage the challenges presented by raising a child with autism. Our findings would provide important theoretical underpinnings and practical guidance for psychological intervention efforts aimed at families of autistic children. Moreover, these findings offer novel insights for future research, with the potential to advance the field of mental health studies concerning parents of children with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- College of Educational Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Song
- College of Educational Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiheng Xiong
- School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiejia Chen
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Sun Y, Cai X, Nie T. Work conflict: Another trigger to smartphone addiction of individuals with high rumination? PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287669. [PMID: 37956132 PMCID: PMC10642791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With the widespread use of smartphones, many people spend much time on smartphones for shopping, learning, socializing, and so on, which can affect an individual's mental health and work performance. Especially, individual perceived conflict at work may increase their social anxiety and thus raise the risk of their smartphone addiction. This study collected data from 577 corporate employees in China through convenience sampling to explain the influence mechanism of work conflict on smartphone addiction and to verify the moderating role of rumination. Statistical results show that relationship conflicts, task conflicts, and process conflicts positively affect smartphone addiction by enhancing social anxiety. Moreover, rumination positively moderates the relationship between work conflict and smartphone addiction. People with high rumination are more likely to escape reality due to conflict at work, which further enhances their smartphone addiction behaviors. Our study suggests that a relatively harmonious working atmosphere should be established within organizations, especially for employees with rumination. Work conflict is a predisposing factor for social anxiety and smartphone addiction in individuals with high rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Sun
- School of Humanities, Zhuhai City Polytechnic, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Cai
- School of Finance and Insurance, Guangxi University of Finance and Economics, Guangxi, China
| | - Ting Nie
- School of Business, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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3
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Li T, Chen B, Li Q, Wu X, Li Y, Zhen R. Association between bullying victimization and post-traumatic stress disorders among Chinese adolescents: a multiple mediation model. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:758. [PMID: 37848816 PMCID: PMC10580599 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research that focused on the mechanisms underlying the relation between school bullying victimization and PTSD ignored the simultaneous effect of emotional and cognitive factors, which may limit our comprehensive understanding of their roles. Besides, most researchers included non-bullying victims in data analysis, and this may mask the true effect among bullying victims. The present study aimed to explore the relation between bullying victimization and PTSD, and the mediating roles of social anxiety, loneliness, and rumination, after filtering out non-bullying victims. MATERIALS AND METHODS In April 2019, we used convenience sampling to recruit 5013 students from Grade 10 and 11 in two high schools in Anhui Province, China. The mean age of these students was 16.77 (SD = 0.92) years. They completed five self-report questionnaires including the Delaware Bullying Victimization Scale-Student Chinese Revision (DBVS-S), the modified PTSD Checklist, the Social Anxiety Scale, the Adolescent Loneliness Scale, and the Rumination Scale. Further, a total of 443 bullying victims were screened out for this study according to the critical score of the DBVS-S. RESULTS The results showed that bullying victimization had a direct and positive association with PTSD among adolescents (β = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.046-0.252). Bullying victimization was positively associated with PTSD through increasing adolescents' social anxiety (β = 0.06, 95%CI: 0.017-0.105), as well as through increasing their loneliness (β = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.109-0.215). In addition, bullying victimization was positively associated with PTSD through social anxiety via loneliness (β = 0.04, 95%CI: 0.013-0.067), as well as through loneliness via rumination (β = 0.02, 95%CI: 0.003-0.033). Bullying victimization was also positively associated with PTSD through a three-step path from social anxiety to rumination via loneliness (β = 0.004, 95%CI: 0.001-0.009). CONCLUSIONS Social anxiety, loneliness, and rumination have important mediating effects in the relation between bullying victimization and adolescents' PTSD, in which emotional factors (e.g., social anxiety, loneliness) are more crucial than cognitive factors (e.g., rumination). Intervention should pay more attention to timely alleviate victims' emotional problems to reduce the risk of developing PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchang Li
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318 Yuhangtang Street, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318 Yuhangtang Street, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Qian Li
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318 Yuhangtang Street, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Rui Zhen
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318 Yuhangtang Street, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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Hazan-Liran B, Miller P. Psychological capital's mediation of anxiety-related patterns of thinking and academic adjustment among university students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37437029 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2232867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The study examined psychological capital's (PsyCap) role in the relations between anxiety-related patterns of thinking (rumination, obsessive-compulsive disorder, test anxiety) and students' academic adjustment. It argued the relations are not direct but are mediated by PsyCap. Participants: Participants were 250 s-year or higher university undergraduates in Israel; 60.4% in second year, 35.6% in third, 4% in fourth; 111 men (44%), 139 women (56%); age 18-40 years (mean age = 25, SD = 2.52). Participants were recruited through flyers distributed on campus. Methods: Six questionnaires tested study hypotheses: one gathered demographic information; five assessed anxiety-related patterns of thinking, PsyCap, and academic adjustment. Results: Findings showed PsyCap mediated relations between anxiety-related patterns of thinking (rumination, obsessive-compulsive disorder, test anxiety) and academic adjustment and was a crucial factor in explaining variance in academic adjustment. Conclusions: University policymakers may consider developing short-term intervention programs to foster PsyCap and thus possibly promote students' academic adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batel Hazan-Liran
- Faculty of Education, Tel-Hai Academic College, Qiryat Shemona, Israel
| | - Paul Miller
- Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Wong SMY, Chen EYH, Lee MCY, Suen YN, Hui CLM. Rumination as a Transdiagnostic Phenomenon in the 21st Century: The Flow Model of Rumination. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1041. [PMID: 37508974 PMCID: PMC10377138 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rumination and its related mental phenomena share associated impairments in cognition, such as executive functions and attentional processes across different clinical conditions (e.g., in psychotic disorders). In recent decades, however, the notion of rumination has been increasingly narrowed to the "self-focused" type in depressive disorders. A closer review of the literature shows that rumination may be construed as a broader process characterized by repetitive thoughts about certain mental contents that interfere with one's daily activities, not only limited to those related to "self". A further examination of the construct of rumination beyond the narrowly focused depressive rumination would help expand intervention opportunities for mental disorders in today's context. We first review the development of the clinical construct of rumination with regard to its historical roots and its roles in psychopathology. This builds the foundation for the introduction of the "Flow Model of Rumination (FMR)", which conceptualizes rumination as a disruption of a smooth flow of mental contents in conscious experience that depends on the coordinated interactions between intention, memory, affect, and external events. The conceptual review concludes with a discussion of the impact of rapid technological advances (such as smartphones) on rumination. Particularly in contemporary societies today, a broader consideration of rumination not only from a cognition viewpoint, but also incorporating a human-device interaction perspective, is necessitated. The implications of the FMR in contemporary mental health practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Y Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eric Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Michelle C Y Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y N Suen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Christy L M Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Kim J, Andrews-Hanna JR, Eisenbarth H, Lux BK, Kim HJ, Lee E, Lindquist MA, Losin EAR, Wager TD, Woo CW. A dorsomedial prefrontal cortex-based dynamic functional connectivity model of rumination. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3540. [PMID: 37321986 PMCID: PMC10272121 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rumination is a cognitive style characterized by repetitive thoughts about one's negative internal states and is a common symptom of depression. Previous studies have linked trait rumination to alterations in the default mode network, but predictive brain markers of rumination are lacking. Here, we adopt a predictive modeling approach to develop a neuroimaging marker of rumination based on the variance of dynamic resting-state functional connectivity and test it across 5 diverse subclinical and clinical samples (total n = 288). A whole-brain marker based on dynamic connectivity with the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) emerges as generalizable across the subclinical datasets. A refined marker consisting of the most important features from a virtual lesion analysis further predicts depression scores of adults with major depressive disorder (n = 35). This study highlights the role of the dmPFC in trait rumination and provides a dynamic functional connectivity marker for rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwoo Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jessica R Andrews-Hanna
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Cognitive Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hedwig Eisenbarth
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Byeol Kim Lux
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Hong Ji Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Martin A Lindquist
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Reynolds Losin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Tor D Wager
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - Choong-Wan Woo
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, South Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
- Life-inspired Neural Network for Prediction and Optimization Research Group, Suwon, South Korea.
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7
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Fernández-Pérez D, Ros L, Jimeno MV, Latorre JM. Effect of the emotional valence of autobiographical memory and parental bonding on depressive symptoms in a community sample. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6722. [PMID: 37185929 PMCID: PMC10130174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Retrospective perceptions of parental bonding may be a protective factor for emotional health. These perceptions are grounded in autobiographical memory, which plays a key role in the onset and maintenance of depressive symptomatology. The aim of the present study was to explore whether the emotional valence of autobiographical memories (positive and negative) and the dimensions of parental bonding (care and protection) have an impact on depressive symptomatology, examining the role of depressive rumination and possible age-related differences. A total of 139 young adults (18-28 years) and 124 older adults (65-88 years) completed the Parental Bonding Instrument, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Autobiographical Memory Test and the Short Depressive Rumination Scale. Our results show that positive autobiographical memories serve as a protective factor for depressive symptoms in both young and older adults. Additionally, in young adults, high paternal care and protection scores are associated with increased negative autobiographical memories, although this association has no effect on depressive symptomatology. In older adults, high maternal protection scores are directly related to greater depressive symptomatology. Depressive rumination significantly increases depressive symptoms in both young and older adults, with an increase in negative autobiographical memories in young adults, and a decrease in such memories in older adults. Our findings progress the understanding of the relationships between parental bonding and autobiographical memory with respect to emotional disorders, which, in turn, will help in the design of effective prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Fernández-Pérez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
- Neurological Disabilities Research Institute, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Laura Ros
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Neurological Disabilities Research Institute, Albacete, Spain
| | - María V Jimeno
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - José Miguel Latorre
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Neurological Disabilities Research Institute, Albacete, Spain
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8
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Horczak P, Wang C, De Witte S, De Smet S, Remue J, De Raedt R, Vanderhasselt MA, Wu GR, Lemmens GMD, Baeken C. Combining transcranial direct current stimulation with group cognitive behavioral therapy developed to treat rumination: a clinical pilot study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1167029. [PMID: 37181556 PMCID: PMC10167311 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1167029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As part of repetitive negative thinking (RNT), rumination is a maladaptive cognitive response style to stress or negative mood which can increase the risk of depression and may prohibit complete recovery. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) both proved to be effective in decreasing rumination. However, the combined effects of tDCS and CBT interventions on rumination have not yet been explored. The first aim of this pilot study is to investigate whether the combination of tDCS and CBT has an accumulating positive effect on modulating state rumination. The second aim is to assess the feasibility and safety profile of the proposed combined approach. Method Seventeen adults aged 32-60 years, suffering from RNT, were referred by their primary care professional to participate in an 8-week group intervention for RNT ("Drop It") comprising 8 sessions of CBT. Before each CBT session, patients underwent one double-blinded prefrontal active (2 mA for 20 min) or sham tDCS (anode over F3, cathode over the right supraorbital region) combined with an internal cognitive attention task focused on individual RNT, i.e., online tDCS priming. During each session, the Brief State Rumination Inventory was used to assess state rumination. Results A mixed effects model analysis revealed no significant differences between the stimulation conditions, weekly sessions, or their interaction in terms of state rumination scores. Conclusion Overall, the combination of online tDCS priming followed by group CBT was found to be safe and feasible. On the other hand, no significant additional effects of this combined approach on state rumination were established. Although our pilot study may have been too small to find significant clinical effects, future larger RCT studies on combined tDCS-CBT treatment protocols may reevaluate the selection of internal cognitive attention tasks and more objective neurophysiological measurements, consider the optimal timing of the combination (concurrently or sequentially), or may add additional tDCS sessions when following CBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Horczak
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Head and Skin – Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chanyu Wang
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Head and Skin – Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara De Witte
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Head and Skin – Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Bru-BRAIN, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation Research Group (NEUR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefanie De Smet
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Head and Skin – Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Remue
- Department of Psychiatry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Head and Skin – Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guo-Rong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gilbert M. D. Lemmens
- Department of Head and Skin – Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Head and Skin – Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Bru-BRAIN, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation Research Group (NEUR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Hu Y, Ye B, Ma T, Feng Z, Chen X, Huang D, Liu L. Exposure to COVID-19 and aggression: the mediating role of anxiety and the moderating role of rumination. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37359682 PMCID: PMC10031181 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 is now posing a worldwide hazard to one's health. Exposure to COVID-19 may cause negative emotions like anxiety, which is one of recognized risk factors for aggressive behaviors. This study looked into the effect of exposure to COVID-19 on aggression and how anxiety may act as a mediating factor, as well as lastly how rumination could moderate a variety of indirect paths during the epidemic of COVID-19. According to the current study's findings, which included a sizable sample of Chinese college students (N = 1,518), being exposed to COVID-19 showed a positive connection with aggression and anxiety, as well as rumination. These findings clarify the role that mediators play in the relationship between anxiety and exposure to COVID-19. The results are also helpful for personalizing treatments and putting preventative measures in place to decrease the aggression brought on by exposure to COVID-19. It is explored how lowering rumination and anxiety may be useful in the context of COVID-19 to lessen the psychopathological effects of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxiu Hu
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
- Center of Mental Health Education and Consultation, Anhui Health College, 9 Xueyuan Road, Chizhou, 247099 China
| | - Baojuan Ye
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Center of Mental Health Education and Consultation, Anhui Health College, 9 Xueyuan Road, Chizhou, 247099 China
| | - Zhihua Feng
- Center of Mental Health Education and Consultation, Anhui Health College, 9 Xueyuan Road, Chizhou, 247099 China
| | - Xun Chen
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Dawu Huang
- Physical Education College, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Lu Liu
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
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10
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Fu J, Xu C, Yan W, Li L. The Effect of Intolerance of Uncertainty on State Anxiety in the Regular Epidemic Prevention and Control Phase in the Context of Informatization: A Moderated Chain Mediation Model. APPLIED RESEARCH IN QUALITY OF LIFE 2023; 18:1-25. [PMID: 37359220 PMCID: PMC10031185 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-023-10165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a generally high level of state anxiety resulting from the high contagiousness of the disease and strict prevention and control policies. The present study mainly focused on the relationship between the individual intolerance of uncertainty and state anxiety in the regular epidemic prevention and control phase in China, and aimed to investigate the mediating role of information overload and rumination, as well as the moderating role of self-compassion. A total of 992 Chinese residents from 31 provinces participated in this study, and completed questionnaires regarding intolerance of uncertainty, information overload, self-compassion, rumination, and state anxiety. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses, as well as tests for mediating effects and moderated chain mediating effects, were performed on the data using SPSS 26.0 and Process 3.5 macro program. The findings indicated that intolerance of uncertainty significantly predicted individual state anxiety. Information overload mediates the effects of intolerance of uncertainty and state anxiety. Rumination also mediates the effect of uncertainty intolerance on state anxiety. Information overload and rumination have a chain mediation effect on the link between intolerance of uncertainty and state anxiety. Self-compassion mediates the effect of information overload on rumination. The results illuminate theoretical and practical implications in the regular epidemic prevention and control phases and reveal the protective role of self-compassion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdong Fu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhua Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Moderating roles of grit and locus of control on rumination and suicidality. J Affect Disord 2023; 330:250-258. [PMID: 36898504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive factors constitute an important risk factor to the development of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). Engaging in depressive and anger rumination are uniquely associated with elevated vulnerabilities to STBs. Variations in attentional focus and control may further modify the impacts of rumination. For one, grit resembles the inflexible thinking patterns inherent in rumination, potentially contributing to one's capability of persisting in carrying out suicidal behaviors despite fears of pain or death. In the context of rumination, locus of control may alter the perspectives to which individuals attribute negative experiences. The current study examines the moderating roles of grit and locus of control on the impact of depressive and anger rumination on suicidality. Participants (N = 322) completed a battery of self-report questionnaires measuring depressive rumination, anger rumination, grit, locus of control, and suicidal history (a history of suicidal ideation, history of suicidal attempts, or neither). Using hierarchical multinomial logistic regression in R, results revealed that, as opposed to working together, the proposed variables are more independently informative in distinguishing those with a history of suicidal ideation, suicidal attempts, or neither. Findings provide unique contribution to the suicide literature pertaining to how individuals may perceive of their own internal locus of control and grit following suicidal thoughts and beliefs. Clinical implications and future directions are provided as recommendations in line with current findings.
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12
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Barlett CP. Thinking through situations: The mediating role of rumination in the relationship between need for cognition and aggression. Aggress Behav 2023; 49:172-177. [PMID: 36565469 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Need for cognition (NFC)-a stable personality trait associated with the enjoyment of thinking-has been shown to influence myriad social situations; however, no research has tested the direct and indirect effects of NFC on aggression. We predicted that NFC would negatively correlate with aggression, which would be mediated by rumination. Participants (N = 216 US adults) completed measures assessing NFC, aggression, and rumination. In line with our hypotheses, results showed that NFC was negatively correlated with aggression, and both anger rumination and more general rumination mediated this relationship. Future research and conclusions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Barlett
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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13
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Exploring the longitudinal relationship between anger rumination and peer victimization when controlling for sadness rumination. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAnger rumination is an unconstructive cognitive-emotion regulation strategy that bears negative adjustment outcomes in youth. Anger rumination is mostly examined as an outcome of prior peer victimization. Unidirectional links between maladaptive anger regulation and later peer difficulties have also been reported. Surprisingly, whether anger rumination and peer victimization are mutually related and reinforcing is poorly explored. The present study tested reciprocal associations between anger rumination and peer victimization in 367 5th graders (Mage = 10.53, SE = 0.16; 54.2% girls). To increase precision of findings sadness rumination was treated as a confounder. Self-reported data were obtained at two times, spaced 1 year. Cross-lagged analyses showed that peer victimization predicted increases in anger rumination but not vice versa, after controlling for sadness rumination. Victimized boys were found to be more at risk for endorsing anger rumination over time as compared to victimized girls. Directions for future research and implications for practice are discussed.
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Letting Go as an Aspect of Rumination and Its Relationship to Mindfulness, Dysphoria, Anxiety, and Eudemonic Well-Being. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12100369. [PMID: 36285938 PMCID: PMC9598947 DOI: 10.3390/bs12100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We examined how a newly proposed facet of rumination, that is, the (in)ability to let go, might relate to other aspects of rumination and to psychological outcomes. Methods: In two independent samples (n = 423 and 329, resp.) of college students, we measured a broad set of rumination and rumination-related measures, letting go, anxiety and dysphoria; in the second sample, we also collected data on mindfulness, self-compassion and eudemonic well-being. Results: Factor analysis of rumination and rumination-related measures yielded three factors: (a) negative intrusive thought; (b) reflectiveness; and (c) the inability to let go. Repetitive intrusive thought and the ability to let go were significant (and thus partially independent) predictors for the three outcomes of anxiety, dysphoria, and wellbeing. The inability to let go and repetitive intrusive thought significantly mediated between mindfulness and all three outcomes. Conclusions: The findings suggest that letting go is a potentially interesting aspect of rumination not fully captured in the traditional concept of rumination and its standard measures.
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Magano J, Fraiz-Brea JA, Leite Â. Dark Tourists: Profile, Practices, Motivations and Wellbeing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12100. [PMID: 36231400 PMCID: PMC9566811 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to address whether knowing what dark tourism is (or not) impacts rumination on sadness, self-hatred, hostility, psychological vulnerability, and tourist wellbeing, as well as practices and motivations for dark tourism. A quantitative approach, based on a survey of 993 respondents, reveals that women and more educated participants know more about dark tourism; people who know what dark tourism is have visited more Holocaust museums, sites of human tragedy and natural disasters, concentration camps, and prisons; show more curiosity, need to learn and understand, and need to see morbid things. A model was found showing that gender, age, know/do not know dark tourism, and motivations (curiosity, the need to learn, the need to understand, and pleasure) explained 38.1% of a dark tourism practice index. Most findings also indicate that rumination on sadness, self-hatred, hostility, and psychological vulnerability are associated with darker practices. Greater wellbeing was not found in participants who knew in advance what dark tourism was. Interestingly, participants who visit tragic human sites present higher values in hostility and tourist wellbeing than those who do not. In summary, people who visit more dark places and score higher on negative personality characteristics have higher values of tourist wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Magano
- Research Center in Business and Economics (CICEE), Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa, Rua Sta. Marta 47, 5.º Andar, 1150-293 Lisboa, Portugal
- ISCET-Higher Institute of Business Sciences and Tourism, Rua de Cedofeita, 285, 4050-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - José A. Fraiz-Brea
- Department of Business Organization, Business Administration and Tourism Faculty, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Ângela Leite
- Center for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies, Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Portuguese Catholic University, Rua de Camões 60, 4710-362 Braga, Portugal
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16
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Oversampled and undersolved: Depressive rumination from an active inference perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104873. [PMID: 36116573 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rumination is a widely recognized cognitive deviation in depression. Despite the recognition, researchers have struggled to explain why patients cannot disengage from the process, although it depresses their mood and fails to lead to effective problem-solving. We rethink rumination as repetitive but unsuccessful problem-solving attempts. Appealing to an active inference account, we suggest that adaptive problem-solving is based on the generation, evaluation, and performance of candidate policies that increase an organism's knowledge of its environment. We argue that the problem-solving process is distorted during rumination. Specifically, rumination is understood as engaging in excessive yet unsuccessful oversampling of policy candidates that do not resolve uncertainty. Because candidates are sampled from policies that were selected in states resembling one's current state, "bad" starting points (e.g., depressed mood, physical inactivity) make the problem-solving process vulnerable for generating a ruminative "halting problem". This problem leads to high opportunity costs, learned helplessness and diminished overt behavior. Besides reviewing evidence for the conceptual paths of this model, we discuss its neurophysiological correlates and point towards clinical implications.
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Spinhoven P, Hoogerwerf E, van Giezen A, Greeven A. Mindfulness-based cognitive group therapy for treatment-refractory anxiety disorder: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord 2022; 90:102599. [PMID: 35777128 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed: (a) to examine the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) for patients with a treatment-refractory anxiety disorders compared to Relapse Prevention-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT-RP); and (b) to explore candidate mediating variables. METHODS We conducted a pragmatic randomized controlled trial comparing MBCT with CBT-RP in a group format for 136 outpatients with treatment-refractory DSM-IV defined anxiety disorder, who insufficiently responded to first-line psychological treatment. RESULTS At post-treatment, the MBCT group showed a significantly larger decrease in self-reported anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory), avoidance (Fear Questionnaire), difficulties in emotion regulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Strategies), and worry (Penn State Worry Questionnaire), as well as a significantly larger increase in mindfulness skills (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire). After a 6-month follow-up treatment gains were somewhat diminished. Effects of MBCT on anxiety at post-treatment did not prove to be mediated by mindfulness skills, difficulties in emotion regulation strategies, worry, or rumination (Rumination on Sadness Scales) at mid-treatment. CONCLUSIONS MBCT seems to be a promising intervention in routine clinical care for persons with an anxiety disorder who insufficiently responded to first-line psychological treatment. Future research in larger samples assessing long-term effects and using intensive longitudinal designs to identify possible working mechanisms is called for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Spinhoven
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elena Hoogerwerf
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; i-psy PsyQ Brijder B.V, Department of Anxiety, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Anne van Giezen
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; i-psy PsyQ Brijder B.V, Department of Anxiety, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Anja Greeven
- i-psy PsyQ Brijder B.V, Department of Anxiety, The Hague, the Netherlands
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18
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Özgüç S, Tanriverdi D. Effects of Metacognitive Training (D-MCT) on Metacognition and Ruminative Thought Levels of Major Depression Patients. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Investigating the incremental validity of negative thinking styles and facets of neuroticism within depression, anxiety, and borderline personality disorder. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-022-09986-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Yun RC, Fardghassemi S, Joffe H. Thinking too much: How young people experience rumination in the context of loneliness. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Chloe Yun
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences University College London London UK
| | - Sam Fardghassemi
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences University College London London UK
| | - Hélène Joffe
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences University College London London UK
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21
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Kuo JR, Fitzpatrick S, Ip J, Uliaszek A. The who and what of validation: an experimental examination of validation and invalidation of specific emotions and the moderating effect of emotion dysregulation. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2022; 9:15. [PMID: 35581663 PMCID: PMC9116024 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-022-00185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theory and research indicate that validation is associated with reductions in negative emotions, whereas invalidation is associated with escalation of negative emotions. However, it remains unclear whether these effects are consistent across emotions, and/or moderated by an individual's levels of emotion dysregulation. The present study experimentally examines the effects of validation and invalidation across emotions and as moderated by emotion dysregulation. METHODS One hundred twenty-six participants completed a measure of emotion dysregulation, and then listened to a rejection-themed imagery script after which they reported the intensity of several emotions. Participants were then presented with either validating or invalidating feedback about their most intense self-reported emotion, depending on their counterbalancing order. They then repeated the procedure for the other condition. Self-reported negative emotions via continuous rating dial, heart rate (HR), and skin conductance level (SCL) were monitored throughout. RESULTS Higher emotion dysregulation was associated with greater increases in self-reported positive emotion when shame or sadness was validated and lesser increases when fear was validated. There were no significant moderating effects of emotion dysregulation in response to invalidation for any emotion on any index. CONCLUSIONS The effects of validation appear emotion specific and dependent on levels of emotion dysregulation. These findings may help inform more strategic use of validation in psychotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice R Kuo
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, 1791 Arastradero Rd., Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | | | - Jennifer Ip
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Uliaszek
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
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22
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Examination of the latent structure of the Ruminative Thoughts Style Questionnaire across countries, gender, and over time. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present work aimed to extend the evidence of the structure validity of the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTSQ) 15-item version testing: (1) the structure of two competing models (i.e., four-factor correlated model vs a second-order factor model); (2) the measurement invariance of the final model across four countries (U.S., Spain, Argentina, and the Netherlands) and gender groups (male and female); and (3) the invariance across three assessment waves in a subsample of Spanish youths. Participants were college students (mean age = 20.87, SD = 4.47) from the U.S. (n = 1875; 67.1% of females), Spain (T1, n = 732, 63.9% females; T2, n = 370, 71.6% females: T3, n = 307, 60.6% females), Argentina (n = 368, 65.6% females) and the Netherlands (n = 295, 74.8% females). Confirmatory Factor Analyses supported both correlated factors and second-order factor structure in the whole sample. Due to similar fit indices being observed for both models, and considering the theoretical and practical advantages, we kept the second-order model to examine its invariance across groups and time. Measurement invariance analyses showed that the second-order model was invariant across countries, gender, and over time. Comparisons of the total mean score and the subfacet mean scores (i.e., Repetitive Thoughts, Counterfactual Thoughts, Problem-focused Thoughts, and Anticipatory Thoughts) reveled only small differences across country and gender groups. The present work extends the structural validity evidence of the RTSQ, and provides the first evidence concerning its longitudinal stability across time.
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Higher Rumination Tendency Is Associated with Reduced Positive Effects of Daily Activity Participation in People with Depressive Disorder. Occup Ther Int 2022; 2022:1409320. [PMID: 35359430 PMCID: PMC8947922 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1409320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Rumination, a response style characterized by self-reflection loops of negative thoughts, tends to exacerbate depressive symptoms and may impair daily functional behaviors of individuals with depression. However, the specific impacts of rumination on activity participation remain unclear. The current study was aimed at examining the differences in daily activity participation profiles between clinically depressed people with higher versus lower rumination tendencies, with the hope to provide insightful suggestions for improving the quality of life of ruminative individuals with major depression. Methods. We recruited 143 participants with a depression-related diagnosis from psychiatric daycare centers or clinics and analyzed the differences in activity participation profiles between individuals with higher versus lower rumination tendencies. Results. Although compared to those with lower rumination tendencies, participants with higher rumination tendencies spent a longer time in activity participation; they experienced lower participation quality during these activities. Furthermore, their activity participation was primarily motivated by meeting others’ expectations rather than self-interest. They also misattributed participation restriction to “lack of family support,” indicating that the unhealthy rumination pattern might be the cause of their lack of positive feelings from engaging in meaningful daily activities. Conclusions. The current results suggest that the unhealthy motivation behind activity participation seems to be an important factor that decreases the quality of participation in individuals with higher rumination tendency. Establishing a healthy motivation for activity participation is therefore critical for improving their quality of participation. As an initial step, OT interventions could put a focus on helping them clarify and escape from the source of negative rumination cycles that impede their positive feeling of activity participation.
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Deng Y, Ye B, Yang Q. COVID-19 Related Emotional Stress and Bedtime Procrastination Among College Students in China: A Moderated Mediation Model. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1437-1447. [PMID: 36033906 PMCID: PMC9416325 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s371292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although bedtime procrastination is prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, little is known about the relationship between COVID-19 related emotional stress and bedtime procrastination. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between COVID-19 related emotional stress and bedtime procrastination and examined the mediating role of negative affect and the moderating role of rumination among Chinese college students. METHODS A multicenter, cross-sectional, and quantitative research was conducted in China from August 11, 2021, to August 27, 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sampling method used in the study is the convenience sampling method. A total of 913 college students (aged 18-24 years) participated and completed online self-reported questionnaires. Their levels of COVID-19 related emotional stress, negative affect, rumination, and bedtime procrastination were measured by the Coronavirus Stress Measure, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Ruminative Responses Scale, and the Bedtime Procrastination Scale, respectively. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlations and moderated mediation analysis. RESULTS COVID-19 related emotional stress was positively associated with bedtime procrastination. Meanwhile, the association could be mediated by negative affect (Effect = 0.33, Boot 95% CI = [0.26, 0.39]) and moderated by rumination (Effect = 0.05, Boot 95% CI = [0.03, 0.07]) through its moderation in the link between COVID-19 related emotional stress and negative affect. This indicated that the mediation effect of negative affect was stronger in college students with high levels of rumination than in those with low levels of rumination. CONCLUSION The findings of this study shed light on a correlation between COVID-19 related emotional stress and bedtime procrastination. Moreover, this study suggests that interventions could be targeted at alleviating negative affect and rumination to reduce the bedtime procrastination of college students with high levels of COVID-19 related emotional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Deng
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojuan Ye
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Lin YC, Wee JY, Marks RB, O'Connell KL, Hassler ME, Law KC. Shame-proneness and suicidal ideation: The roles of depressive and anger rumination. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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26
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Liu J, Wang W, Hu Q, Wang P, Lei L, Jiang S. The relationship between phubbing and the depression of primary and secondary school teachers: A moderated mediation model of rumination and job burnout. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:498-504. [PMID: 34509064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the progress of modern technology and the widespread popularization of mobile phones, many new problems related to mobile phones have aroused people's attention. One of the new phenomena is the phubbing. However, previous studies have paid more attention to the influence of phubbing on the phubbees, few researchers have focused on the influence of phubbing on the phubbers and its influencing mechanism. METHODS In the present study, convenient sampling method was adopted, and 907 (432 males, 47.6%) primary and secondary school teachers were recruited from Shanxi province in China. The teachers were all assessed by a series of self-assessment scales, including Generic Scale of Phubbing, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, Ruminative Response Scale, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. RESULTS The results showed as follows: (1) After controlling for age and gender, phubbing had a significantly positive link to depression of primary and secondary school teachers. Job burnout partially mediated the relation between phubbing and depression. (3) Moderated mediation analysis further indicated that the relation between job burnout and depression were moderated by rumination. Job burnout was a stronger predictor of depression in low ruminants than in high ones. LIMITATIONS First, cross-sectional study design was adopted in this study, but it was difficult to infer the causal relationship between variables. Further investigation and verification should be conducted in combination with experiments and follow-up studies, so as to further reveal the mechanism of action between variables. Second, all the data in this study were from the self-report. Although the common method deviation was not obvious, there may be social desirability effect. CONCLUSIONS These findings imply that phubbing will not only harm the mental health of the phubbees, but also will affect the mental health of the phubbers. The phubbing enhanced the job burnout of primary and secondary school teachers and increased their risk of depression. Compared with high ruminant, job burnout has a stronger predictive effect on depression in low ruminants. Therefore, we should also pay attention to the mental health problems of phubber teachers in primary and secondary schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- School of Journalism, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychology, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Qian Hu
- School of Foreign Languages, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- School of Education, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Li Lei
- School of Education, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Suo Jiang
- The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Applied Psychology in School of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Kelley K, Walgren M, DeShong HL. Rumination as a transdiagnostic process: The role of rumination in relation to antisocial and borderline symptoms. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:865-872. [PMID: 34706457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the influence of several forms of repetitive negative thinking on antisocial and borderline symptoms to identify underlying mechanisms that may contribute to the presentation and cooccurrence of these symptoms. Participants (N = 403), completed the Personality Assessment Inventory, the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4, and several measures of rumination/worry. Path analyses were conducted in which different forms of rumination/worry predicted antisocial and borderline symptoms across two personality disorder measures. Across both models tested, anger rumination emerged as the strongest predictor of both antisocial and borderline symptoms while worry negatively predicted antisocial symptoms. Rumination and worry explained substantially more variance in borderline symptoms compared to antisocial symptoms. This study is the first study to examine antisocial symptoms in relation to forms of rumination/worry and highlights the differential relations of rumination/worry to antisocial and borderline symptoms using a multi-measure approach. Further, this study highlights the importance of examining types of repetitive negative thinking, specifically rumination, as potential transdiagnostic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Kelley
- Mississippi State University, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 6161 Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Maggie Walgren
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Psychology, 116 North Murray Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Hilary L DeShong
- Mississippi State University, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 6161 Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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Lask LS, Moyal N, Henik A. Rumination, emotional intensity and emotional clarity. Conscious Cogn 2021; 96:103242. [PMID: 34808490 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2021.103242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that a high tendency to ruminate presents a deficient emotion regulation. Past research found that people with high tendency to ruminate show sustained attention for negative stimuli and increased negative thinking, which may result in intensified experiences of negative emotions. Moreover, high level of rumination was associated with low emotional understanding. Accordingly, we hypothesized (1) high ruminators (HR) experience more intense emotional reactions than low ruminators (LR) for negative but not positive emotions, (2) LR have higher emotional clarity than HR, and (3) there would be the same pattern of results for brooding but not for reflective pondering. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, a rumination response style questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. They also rated emotional intensity and identified emotion type for scene pictures from the CAP-D (Categorized Affective Pictures Database). The highest (HR) and lowest (LR) quarters of ruminators were compared on levels of emotional intensity and emotional clarity. We found HR experienced negative emotions more intensely than LR, with no difference for positive emotions. In contrast to our hypothesis, the two groups did not differ in their emotion understanding. This pattern of results was found for brooding but not for reflective pondering. Our research sheds light on the mechanism underlying rumination and emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liel Shlomit Lask
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
| | - Natali Moyal
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | - Avishai Henik
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
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Yao Z, Lin X, Hu X. Optimistic amnesia: how online and offline processing shape belief updating and memory biases in immediate and long-term optimism biases. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:453-462. [PMID: 33502507 PMCID: PMC8094997 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
When people are confronted with feedback that counters their prior beliefs, they preferentially rely on desirable rather than undesirable feedback in belief updating, i.e. an optimism bias. In two pre-registered EEG studies employing an adverse life event probability estimation task, we investigated the neurocognitive processes that support the formation and the change of optimism biases in immediate and 24 h delayed tests. We found that optimistic belief updating biases not only emerged immediately but also became significantly larger after 24 h, suggesting an active role of valence-dependent offline consolidation processes in the change of optimism biases. Participants also showed optimistic memory biases: they were less accurate in remembering undesirable than desirable feedback probabilities, with inferior memories of undesirable feedback associated with lower belief updating in the delayed test. Examining event-related brain potentials (ERPs) revealed that desirability of feedback biased initial encoding: desirable feedback elicited larger P300s than undesirable feedback, with larger P300 amplitudes predicting both higher belief updating and memory accuracies. These results suggest that desirability of feedback could bias both online and offline memory-related processes such as encoding and consolidation, with both processes contributing to the formation and change of optimism biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Yao
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Xuanyi Lin
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.,HKU, Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen 518057, China
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30
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Galletta M, Piras I, Finco G, Meloni F, D'Aloja E, Contu P, Campagna M, Portoghese I. Worries, Preparedness, and Perceived Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Nurses' Mental Health. Front Public Health 2021; 9:566700. [PMID: 34123979 PMCID: PMC8187773 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.566700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In times of global public health emergency, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses stand at the front line, working in close contact with infected individuals. Being actively engaged in fighting against COVID-19 exposes nurses to a high risk of being infected but can also have a serious impact on their mental health, as they are faced with excessive workload and emotional burden in many front-line operating contexts. Purpose: The aim of the study is to analyze how risk factors such as perceived impact, preparedness to the pandemic, and worries were associated with mental health outcomes (crying, rumination and stress) in nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was performed via an online questionnaire survey. Participants included 894 registered nurses from Italy. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. Multiple binary logistic regression was carried out to analyze the relationship between risk factors and health outcomes. Results: Increased job stress was related to higher levels of rumination about the pandemic (OR = 4.04, p < 0.001), job demand (OR = 2.00, p < 0.001), impact on job role (OR = 2.56, p < 0.001), watching coworkers crying at work (OR = 1.50, p < 0.05), non-work-related concerns (OR = 2.28, p < 0.001), and fear of getting infected (OR = 2.05, p < 0.001). Job stress (OR = 2.52, p < 0.01), rumination (OR = 2.28, p < 0.001), and watching colleagues crying (OR = 7.92, p < 0.001) were associated with crying at work. Rumination was associated with caring for patients who died of COVID-19 (OR = 1.54, p < 0.05), job demand (OR = 1.70, p < 0.01), watching colleagues crying (OR = 1.81, p < 0.001), non-work-related worries (OR = 1.57, p < 0.05), and fear of getting infected (OR = 2.02, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The psychological impact that this pandemic may cause in the medium/long term could be greater than the economical one. This is the main challenge that health organizations will have to face in the future. This study highlights that the perceived impact and worries about the pandemic affect nurses' mental health and can impact on their overall effectiveness during the pandemic. Measures to enhance nurses' protection and to lessen the risk of depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress should be planned promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ilenia Piras
- PhD School in Biomedical Sciences (Public Health), University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Emergency Department SS. Trinità Hospital, Azienda Tutela Salute Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Finco
- Pain Therapy Service, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federico Meloni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ernesto D'Aloja
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Contu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Igor Portoghese
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Xu Y, Shao J, Zeng W, Wu X, Huang D, Zeng Y, Wu J. Depression and Creativity During COVID-19: Psychological Resilience as a Mediator and Deliberate Rumination as a Moderator. Front Psychol 2021; 12:665961. [PMID: 34025527 PMCID: PMC8134673 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.665961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has had a significant impact on people’s lives, has apparently increased the incidence of depression. Although the topic of how depression affects creativity is contested, previous research has revealed a significant relationship between the two. The purpose of this study is to further investigate the relationship and the mechanisms that operate between depression and creativity. Methods: A total of 881 students at an independent college in China completed a questionnaire consisting of the Self-Reported Depression Scale, Runco Ideational Behavior Scale, Psychological Resilience Scale, Deliberate Rumination Scale and demographic information. Among the respondents, 317 (36.0%) were male and 564 (64.0%) were female, all of whom were from the same grade. Correlation analyses were conducted, and then the researchers carried out mediation analysis and developed a moderated mediation model. Results: The results indicated that (a) depression was positively related to creativity (r = 0.085, p < 0.05); (b) psychological resilience mediated the relationship between depression and creativity; specifically, psychological resilience was negatively related to depression (r = −0.462, p < 0.01), which in turn was positively related to creativity (r = 0.198, p < 0.01); and (c) deliberate rumination moderated the relationship between depression and psychological resilience, showing a significant negative correlation with depression (r = 0.138, p < 0.01), psychological resilience (r = 0.078, p < 0.05), and creativity (r = 0.288, p < 0.05); specifically, higher levels of deliberate rumination strengthened the negative correlation between psychological resilience and depression. Conclusion: The results suggest that depression is a positive predictor of creativity and may promote creativity to some extent. Further, individuals with greater psychological resilience are more creative than those with less psychological resilience, as it is a question of whether they can and to what extent they can effectively use depression as an emotional resource. Last, an individual’s level of deliberate rumination moderates the mediating process, especially at the stage where depression is associated with psychological resilience. These findings advance understanding of the mechanisms that operate between depression and creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Xu
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlian Shao
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingrou Wu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongtao Huang
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Zeng
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Li C, Zhao Q, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Tell me what you think about: Does parental solicitation weaken the links between pubertal timing and depressive symptoms? CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Li C, Zhao Q, Dai W, Zhang Y. Victims Become Covert Aggressors: Gender Differences in the Mediating Effects of Rumination on Anger and Sadness. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 155:441-456. [PMID: 33830888 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2021.1901254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This longitudinal study examined the link between peer victimization and relational aggression by testing the mediating roles of sadness and anger rumination, with attention to gender differences, among Chinese adolescents. Survey measures were administrated to 2,152 junior middle school students at two time points, one year apart. The results found that self-reported peer victimization (but not peer-nominated victimization) positively predicted relational aggression one year later, and this link was completely mediated by sadness and anger rumination. Specifically, perceived peer victimization exerted a positive influence on both sadness and anger rumination, thereby increasing adolescents' tendency to exhibit relational aggression one year later. Furthermore, victimized boys' elevated relational aggression was predominantly accounted for by their high sadness rumination, whereas victimized girls' elevated relational aggression was mainly due to their great anger rumination. Such a gender-difference suggests that interventions to reduce adolescents' externalizing problems may be most effective when tailored to each gender specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caina Li
- Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University Branch of Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University
| | - Qingling Zhao
- Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University Branch of Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University
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Vannikov-Lugassi M, Shalev H, Soffer-Dudek N. From brooding to detachment: Rumination longitudinally predicts an increase in depersonalization and derealisation. Psychol Psychother 2021; 94 Suppl 2:321-338. [PMID: 32333727 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depersonalization-derealization (DEP-DER) is a dissociative experience which is related to psychopathology and distress. Yet, the aetiological factors leading to DEP-DER are not sufficiently clear. In this study, we suggest rumination as one possible antecedent. Thus, the goal of the study was to explore the longitudinal relationship between rumination and DEP-DER. DESIGN Longitudinal self-report study; mixed clinical and community sample. METHODS The study was conducted on 98 participants, 49 of them were diagnosed with depression, anxiety disorders, or obsessive-compulsive disorder, and the other 49 were healthy, matched community controls. The participants underwent a structured clinical interview and completed a battery of questionnaires. Then, the participants completed the same battery again once a month, for five additional assessment points (6 months in total). The data were analysed using multilevel linear modelling with time-lag analysis. RESULTS We found that levels of rumination and DEP-DER increased and decreased simultaneously, meaning that on assessments in which people reported that they tended to ruminate, they also reported higher levels of DEP-DER symptoms. In addition, we found support for a unidirectional association, consistent with our theoretical hypothesis. Specifically, rumination levels on a certain month longitudinally predicted a higher likeliness for reporting DEP-DER on the following month, even when controlling for the contemporaneous relationship. Conversely, DEP-DER symptoms did not longitudinally predict increased rumination. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that rumination may be an antecedent of DEP-DER, but not vice versa. Possible mechanisms to explain this link are discussed. PRACTITIONER POINTS Rumination and DEP-DER oscillate together over time; additionally, rumination predicts a longitudinal increase in DEP-DER. Clinicians noticing ruminative thought followed by decreased emotionality should distinguish between an authentic decrease of distress versus detachment. The findings provide one possible explanation for the frequency of DEP-DER symptoms in anxiety and depressive disorders. Poor sleep quality and emotion regulation difficulties should be explored as potential mediators explaining this link.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hadar Shalev
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel.,Soroka Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel
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35
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Baeken C, Wu GR, Rogiers R, Remue J, Lemmens GM, Raedt RD. Cognitive behavioral based group psychotherapy focusing on repetitive negative thinking: Decreased uncontrollability of rumination is related to brain perfusion increases in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 136:281-287. [PMID: 33621914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a core process underlying various psychiatric disorders. 'Uncontrollability of rumination (UOR)' is one the most maladaptive factors of rumination, but little is known on how cognitive behavioral focused RNT psychotherapy may alter brain activity. In a subsample of 47 patients suffering from RNT who also underwent brain imaging (registered RCT trial NCT01983033), we evaluated the effect of cognitive behavioral based group psychotherapy (CBGP) (n = 25) as compared to a delayed treatment control group (DTCG) (n = 22) on frontolimbic brain perfusion with a focus on UOR. This RNT construct was measured using the subscale 'uncontrollability' of the Dutch version of the Rumination on Sadness Scale (LARSS-U). Brain perfusion was assessed with arterial spin labeling (ASL)-fMRI. LARSS-U scale scores significantly decreased in the CBGP cohort whereas no significant changes emerged in the DTCG group. Compared to the DTCG, this decrease on UOR in the CBGP group was related to significant perfusion increases in the left (dorsolateral) prefrontal cortex, part of the executive network. Besides the fact that CBGP significantly reduced RNT, this attenuation of uncontrollable ruminative thoughts was related to brain perfusion increases areas documented to be involved in the top down control of adaptive emotion regulation and the inhibition of ruminative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Baeken
- Department of Head and Skin - Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital UZBrussel, Brussels, Belgium; Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Guo-Rong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Roland Rogiers
- Department of Head and Skin - Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Remue
- Department of Psychiatry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gilbert Md Lemmens
- Department of Head and Skin - Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Portoghese I, Meloni F, Galletta M, Piras I, D'Aloja E, Finco G, Campagna M. Concerns, Perceived Impact, Preparedness in Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic and Health Outcomes among Italian Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 12:21501327211000245. [PMID: 33733901 PMCID: PMC7983480 DOI: 10.1177/21501327211000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care workers (HCWs) are among the professionals at serious risk for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their mental health. In this sense, the next public health challenge globally will be to preserving healthy HCWs during this pandemic. AIM The present study has the aim of investigating the relationship among concerns, perceived impact, preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic and the mental health of Italian physicians. METHODS From March 29th to April 15th 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques through Limesurvey platform. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple binary logistic regressions. RESULTS Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for perceived job stress were concerns about catching COVID-19 (OR = 3.18 [95% CI = 2.00-5.05] P < .001), perceived impact on job demands (OR = 1.63 [95% CI = 1.05-2.52] P < .05), perceived impact on job role (OR = 2.50 [95% CI = 1.60-3.90] P < .001), and non-working concerns (OR = 1.86 [95% CI = 1.15-3.03] P < .05). With respect to the risk factors for rumination about the pandemic emerged concerns about catching COVID-19 (OR 1.74, [95% CI = 1.12-2.71] P < .05), perceived impact on job role (OR = 1.68 [95% CI = 1.12-2.52] P < .05), and impact on personal life (OR = 2.04 [95% CI = 1.08-3.86] P < .05). Finally, the risk factors for crying at work were perceived impact on job role (OR = 2.47, [95% CI = 1.20-5.09] P < .05), rumination about the pandemic (OR = 3.027 [95% CI = 1.27-7.19] P < .01), watching colleagues crying at work (OR = 3.82 [95% CI = 1.88-7.77] P < .01), and perceived job stress (OR = 3.53 [95% CI = 1.24-10.07] P < .05). CONCLUSION In general, our results highlighted that being concerned about being infected/infecting other people, carrying out new and unusual tasks, and witnessing colleagues crying at work were important risk factors for physicians' well-being. Additional data are necessary to advance understanding of these risk factors in a long-term perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maura Galletta
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Monserrato (Ca), Italy
| | - Ilenia Piras
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Monserrato (Ca), Italy.,University of Sassari, Sassari (SS), Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Finco
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Monserrato (Ca), Italy
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Portoghese I, Galletta M, Meloni F, Piras I, Finco G, D'Aloja E, Campagna M. Dealing With COVID-19 Patients: A Moderated Mediation Model of Exposure to Patients' Death and Mental Health of Italian Health Care Workers. Front Psychol 2021; 12:622415. [PMID: 33716888 PMCID: PMC7943721 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.622415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is asking health care workers (HCWs) to meet extraordinary challenges. In turn, HCWs were experiencing tremendous psycho-social crisis as they have had to deal with unexpected emotional requirements (ERs) arising from caring for suffering and dying patients on a daily basis. In that context, recent studies have highlighted how HCWs working during the COVID-19 outbreak manifested extreme emotional and behavioral reactions that may have impacted their mental health, increasing the risk for developing post-traumatic stress symptoms. Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate post-traumatic stress symptoms, such as intrusion symptoms, as a potential mediator of the link between ERs and crying at work, and whether rumination moderates the relationship between ERs and intrusion-based PTS symptoms among HCWs who have had to deal with patients dying from COVID-19. Methods: An online cross-sectional study design was performed. A total of 543 Italian HCWs (physicians and nurses) participated in the study. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. We used the SPSS version of bootstrap-based PROCESS macro for testing the moderated mediation model. Results: ERs had an indirect effect on crying at work through the mediating role of intrusion symptoms. Results from the moderated mediation model showed that rumination moderated the indirect effect of ERs on crying at work via intrusion symptoms, and this effect was significant only for high rumination. Furthermore, when we tested for an alternative model where rumination moderates the direct effect of ERs on crying at work, this moderation was not significant. Conclusions: As the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing, there is an urgent need for decision-makers to rapidly implement interventions aimed at offering timely psychological support to HCWs, especially in those contexts where the risk of emotional labor associated to patients dying from COVID-19 is higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Portoghese
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federico Meloni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ilenia Piras
- PhD School in Biomedical Sciences (Public Health), University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Emergency Department SS. Trinità Hospital, Azienda Tutela Salute Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Finco
- Pain Therapy Service, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ernesto D'Aloja
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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38
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You Z, Li X, Ye N, Zhang L. Understanding the effect of rumination on sleep quality: a mediation model of negative affect and bedtime procrastination. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Liu M, Wang N, Wang P, Wu H, Ding X, Zhao F. Negative Emotions and Job Burnout in News Media Workers: A Moderated Mediation Model of Rumination and Empathy. J Affect Disord 2021; 279:75-82. [PMID: 33039777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
News media workers are in stressful and competitive professions susceptible to negative emotions. Although the relationship between negative emotions and job burnout has been evidenced in some professional fields, it has not yet been examined in the population of news media workers. Far few studies have revealed the mediating and moderating mechanism between negative emotions and job burnout. Based on Resource Allocation Theory and Theory of Compassion Fatigue, this study examined (a) the mediating role of rumination in the relationship between negative emotions and job burnout, (b) the moderating role of empathy in the direct and indirect effect of negative emotions on job burnout, and (c) the moderating role of gender in the direct effect of negative emotions on rumination. Two hundred and eleven Chinese news media workers filled out questionnaires regarding negative emotions, job burnout, rumination, and empathy. The results indicated that negative emotions were positively correlated with job burnout. Mediation analysis revealed that rumination partially mediated the association between negative emotions and job burnout. Moderated mediation analysis further indicated that empathy moderated the effect of negative emotions on rumination, with a high level of empathy strengthening the association between negative emotions and rumination; gender moderated the effect of negative emotions on rumination, with the association between negative emotions and rumination was stronger among males than females. These findings encourage to design psychological interventions to reduce rumination and express proper empathy in the face of stress or negative affective status to avoid job burnout among news media workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Education, Renmin University of China
| | | | - Haomeng Wu
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University
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40
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Visco-Comandini F, Gragnani A, Giacomantonio M, Romano G, Petrucci M, Mancini F. Depression in the Mirror: Depression Severity and Its Link to Negative Judgments of Symptoms. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:621282. [PMID: 34366906 PMCID: PMC8342919 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.621282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Depressive states represent a normal and physiological response to the experience of loss. However, it is possible to identify some elements that allow distinguishing physiological depressive states from pathological ones. Over the years, research has confirmed that a stable tendency to negative self-evaluation is a transdiagnostic factor that triggers and amplifies dysfunctional emotional reactivity, thus contributing to the shift from normal to pathological reaction. In this sense, the secondary problem, or meta-emotional problem, referring to the negative evaluation of one's depressive state and the consequent dysfunctional attempts to solve it, seems to play an important role. The aim of the present study is to investigate how dysfunctional beliefs and the evaluations of depressive symptoms (meta-emotional problems) are related to depression severity. Methods: We asked to a community sample to focus on the depressive symptoms they regard as most distressful and evaluate them through specific questionnaires. One-hundred and eighty nine participants were asked to complete a set of questionnaires: (1) the Meta-Emotional Problem Questionnaire; (2) the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; (3) the Beck Depression Inventory; (4) the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale-24 in order to investigate the relation between dysfunctional beliefs, meta-emotional problems, and depressive symptoms severity. Results: Our results show that higher levels of depression are associated both to more pervasive dysfunctional attitudes and increased evaluation of meta-emotional problem. In addition, we conduct a regression analysis to disentangle the impact of the two different measures of depressive symptoms (i.e., BDI-II and CES-D) with two explanatory variables (dysfunctional attitudes and meta-emotional problem). Results show that meta-emotional problem remains a significant and robust predictor of the severity of depressive symptomatology, while dysfunctional beliefs has a rather weak and non-significant relation with the criterion. In other words, meta-emotional problem consistently explains the higher variance of depressive symptoms than dysfunctional beliefs. In conclusion, our study shows a clear link between meta-emotional problem and depression severity. This is relevant for clinical practice, as it highlights the importance of specifically targeting beliefs about the depressive condition in cognitive-behavioral treatment of depression, since they represent crucial factors maintaining depressive symptomatologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Visco-Comandini
- Associazione Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC), Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences, Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Gragnani
- Associazione Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC), Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Associazione Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC), Rome, Italy.,Social and Development Psychology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Romano
- Associazione Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC), Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Petrucci
- Associazione Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Mancini
- Associazione Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC), Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences, Marconi University, Rome, Italy
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Ye B, Zhou X, Im H, Liu M, Wang XQ, Yang Q. Epidemic Rumination and Resilience on College Students' Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Fatigue. Front Public Health 2020; 8:560983. [PMID: 33363075 PMCID: PMC7755644 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.560983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The restriction of numerous sectors of society and the uncertainty surrounding the development of the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in adverse psychological states to college students isolated at home. In this study, we explored the mediating role of fatigue in the effects of epidemic rumination and resilience on depressive symptoms as well as how epidemic rumination and resilience may interact with one another. A large sample of Chinese college students (N = 1,293) completed measures on epidemic rumination, resilience, fatigue, and depressive symptoms. Results indicated depressive symptomology was positively predicted by epidemic rumination while negatively predicted by resilience. In both cases, fatigue partially mediated these effects and positively predicted depressive symptoms. Unexpectedly, epidemic rumination and resilience interacted in a manner where the effect of rumination on fatigue became stronger as resiliency increased. Theoretical and practical implications are provided to further interpret the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojuan Ye
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiuxiu Zhou
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hohjin Im
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mingfan Liu
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Qiang Wang
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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O'Connor DB, O'Connor RC, Marshall R. Perfectionism and psychological distress: evidence of the mediating effects of rumination. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Three studies investigated the role of ruminative tendencies in mediating the effects of multidimensional perfectionism (Hewitt & Flett, 1991) on psychological distress. Study 1 (Sample 1, N = 279; Sample 2, N = 224) and Study 2 (N = 205) found evidence, cross‐sectionally and prospectively, that brooding ruminative response style either fully or partially mediated the effects of socially prescribed and self‐oriented perfectionism on psychological distress, depression and hopelessness levels. In addition, Study 3 (N = 163) confirmed these mediation effects for socially prescribed perfectionism in relation to depression and hopelessness, 2 months later, after initial levels of distress were controlled. Overall, these findings provide evidence that brooding ruminative response style is an important mechanism that can explain, in part, the relationship between perfectionism and distress. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rory C. O'Connor
- Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Rachel Marshall
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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43
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Maslej MM, Mulsant BH, Andrews PW. THE NATURE OF DEPRESSIVE RUMINATION AND ITS CONNECTION WITH DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2020.39.9.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Researchers have proposed several theories of depressive rumination. To compare among them, we conducted a joint factor analysis. Methods: An online sample (n = 498) completed four rumination questionnaires and the Beck Depression Inventory. We examined associations between emerging factors and depressive symptoms. Results: Most commonly, people ruminated about solving problems in their lives, followed by the causes or consequences of negative situations. They least commonly ruminated about their symptoms and sadness. Thoughts about symptoms and causes or consequences of negative situations uniquely related to depressive symptoms. There was a circular covariance relation between depressive symptoms, thoughts about causes or consequences, and problem-solving, suggesting that symptoms are regulated by a negative feedback loop involving problem-solving. This feedback was not present unless models included thoughts about causes or consequences, suggesting that these thoughts benefit problem-solving. Discussion: Depressive rumination may be a dynamic process involving various thoughts, with different combinations of thoughts having different consequences for depression.
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Greimel E, Feldmann L, Piechaczek C, Oort F, Bartling J, Schulte-Rüther M, Schulte-Körne G. Study protocol for a randomised-controlled study on emotion regulation training for adolescents with major depression: the KONNI study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036093. [PMID: 32912977 PMCID: PMC7485251 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depression (MD) often has its onset during adolescence and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. One important factor for the development and maintenance of adolescent MD are disturbances in emotion regulation and the underlying neural processes. Cognitive reappraisal (CR) is a particular adaptive emotion regulation strategy. Previously, it has been shown in healthy adults that a task-based training in CR is efficient to reduce negative affect, and that these effects translate into everyday life.This randomised controlled trial examines for the first time whether a task-based training in CR proves effective in MD adolescents. Specifically, we will investigate whether the CR training improves the ability to downregulate negative affect in MD individuals as assessed by behavioural and neurobiological indices, and whether training effects generalise outside the laboratory. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Adolescents with MD will be randomly allocated to a group that either receives a task-based training in CR or a control training. Both involve four training sessions over a time period of 2 weeks. In the CR training, participants will be instructed to downregulate negative affective responses to negative pictures via CR, while the control training involves picture viewing. During the training sessions, the Late Positive Potential, gaze fixations on negative picture aspects and affective responses to pictures will be collected. Before and after the training programmes, and at a 2-week follow-up, overall negative and positive affect, rumination and perceived stress will be assessed as primary outcomes. Analyses of variance will be conducted to test the effectiveness of the CR training with regard to both primary outcomes and task-based behavioural and neurobiological parameters. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of the LMU Munich, Germany. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated through conferences, social media and public events. TRIAL REGISTRATION DETAILS ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03957850, registered 21st May 2019; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03957850.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Greimel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Feldmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Charlotte Piechaczek
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frans Oort
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Bartling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Schulte-Rüther
- Translational Brain Medicine in Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA-Brain, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
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45
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Ando' A, Giromini L, Ales F, Zennaro A. A multimethod assessment to study the relationship between rumination and gender differences. Scand J Psychol 2020; 61:740-750. [PMID: 32686855 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rumination is described as the propensity of responding to distress by repetitively and passively focusing on one's negative emotions, and failures, and their consequences (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991, 1998). Therefore, given that rumination is characterized especially by difficulties in managing and controlling negative emotional states, it is considered as the most common (impaired) emotional regulation strategy, and can be defined as an emotional process related to a repetitive, undesired, and past-oriented negatively inclined thought (Compare, Zarbo, Shonin, Van Gordon, & Marconi, 2014; Smith & Alloy, 2009). Recent evidence suggested that because of problems related to monitoring of negative states, rumination may be associated with exaggerated physiological reactivity relative to demands from the environment, and to some difficulties in attentional control abilities. The current study aimed at deepening our understanding of the role that a maladaptive emotional regulation strategy - such as rumination - might play in physiological response changes and in engaging dysfunctional attentional strategies. We used a multimethod assessment including self-reports (i.e., Rumination and Reflection Questionnaire, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale), physiological measures, (i.e., Heart Rate Variability recording), and attention tasks (i.e., Stroop Task) in order to examine the multiple aspects of rumination across genders. Sixty-eight individuals (30 males and 38 females) were administered DERS -16, RRQ and, soon after them, the Stroop task. Immediately after completing the Stroop task (T1), participants were exposed to a three-phase, baseline-stress-recovery experimental paradigm while their heart rate variability (HRV) was recorded. After completing the experimental paradigm, Stroop stimuli were presented for the second time (T2), in order to examine possible intra-individual differences between the two performances in the Stroop task. Our findings showed that rumination was higher in females than in males, but in men it appeared to be strongly associated with an overall impaired emotional regulation. However, no gender differences in rumination and emotion dysregulation were found when inspecting physiological data. The current study aims to contribute towards a better understanding which emotion regulation strategies and which physiological mechanisms are associated with rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Ando'
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy
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Krys S, Otte KP, Knipfer K. Academic performance: A longitudinal study on the role of goal-directed rumination and psychological distress. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2020; 33:545-559. [PMID: 32393058 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1763141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this research, we examine the relationship between goal-directed rumination, psychological distress, and performance. Although previous research has largely contributed to our understanding of how these constructs are related, the direction of their relationships remains unclear. OBJECTIVES We argue that goal-directed rumination and psychological distress (conceived as perceived stress and strain) are reciprocally related, and that goal-directed rumination has a positive effect on performance when controlling for the negative effect of psychological distress. DESIGN We explored these relationships in a longitudinal field study, drawing on multiple sources: self-reports of 147 students on goal-directed rumination and psychological distress and objective ratings of academic performance. METHOD Based on structural equation modelling, we employed a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model and hierarchical regressions to examine our hypotheses. RESULTS We demonstrated that goal-directed rumination predicted perceived stress one week later but not vice versa, while its relationship to strain was less clear. Furthermore, goal-directed rumination positively predicted academic performance when we controlled for psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence for a unidirectional relationship between goal-directed rumination and psychological distress, especially for perceived stress. Additionally, we observed that psychological distress diminishes the beneficial effect of goal-directed rumination on academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Krys
- Institute of Psychology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Kristin Knipfer
- Chair of Research and Science Management, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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47
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Silveira ÉDM, Passos IC, Scott J, Bristot G, Scotton E, Teixeira Mendes LS, Umpierre Knackfuss AC, Gerchmann L, Fijtman A, Trasel AR, Salum GA, Kauer-Sant'Anna M. Decoding rumination: A machine learning approach to a transdiagnostic sample of outpatients with anxiety, mood and psychotic disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 121:207-213. [PMID: 31865210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To employ machine learning algorithms to examine patterns of rumination from RDoC perspective and to determine which variables predict high levels of maladaptive rumination across a transdiagnostic sample. METHOD Sample of 200 consecutive, consenting outpatient referrals with clinical diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective, bipolar, depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive and post-traumatic stress. Machine learning algorithms used a range of variables including sociodemographics, serum levels of immune markers (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α and CCL11) and BDNF, psychiatric symptoms and disorders, history of suicide and hospitalizations, functionality, medication use and comorbidities. RESULTS The best model (with recursive feature elimination) included the following variables: socioeconomic status, illness severity, worry, generalized anxiety and depressive symptoms, and current diagnosis of panic disorder. Linear support vector machine learning differentiated individuals with high levels of rumination from those ones with low (AUC = 0.83, sensitivity = 75, specificity = 71). CONCLUSIONS Rumination is known to be associated with poor prognosis in mental health. This study suggests that rumination is a maladaptive coping style associated not only with worry, distress and illness severity, but also with socioeconomic status. Also, rumination demonstrated a specific association with panic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érico de Moura Silveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ives Cavalcante Passos
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jan Scott
- Professor at the Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Giovana Bristot
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ellen Scotton
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lorenna Sena Teixeira Mendes
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Umpierre Knackfuss
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciana Gerchmann
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adam Fijtman
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrea Ruschel Trasel
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Kauer-Sant'Anna
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Sverdlik A, Vallerand RJ, St-Louis A, Tion MS, Porlier G. Making the Final Shot: The Role of Passion and Integrated Temporal Positivity in Last-Second Sport Performance. JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 41:356-367. [PMID: 31830745 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2019-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The new construct of integrated temporal positivity-defined as the positive, adaptive, and dynamic use of the past, the present, and the future-is posited to promote optimal functioning. Based on the dualistic model of passion, the present research sought to test the hypothesis that harmonious passion, more than obsessive passion, triggers a higher use of integrated temporal positivity that, in turn, leads to one crucial type of sport performance, namely last-second performance. The results of 3 studies conducted with team-sport athletes (Study 1, n = 625; Study 2, n = 285; and Study 3, n = 263) provided clear support for the hypothesis. The results pave the way for future research focusing on the role of adaptive temporal processes in support of sport performance.
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Trick L, Watkins ER, Henley W, Gandhi MM, Dickens C. Perseverative negative thinking predicts depression in people with acute coronary syndrome. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2019; 61:16-25. [PMID: 31733604 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression is common in people who have experienced recent Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), and predicts worse medical outcomes. Mechanisms underpinning the development of depression and its association with poor medical outcomes are unclear however. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of perseverative negative thinking (e.g. worry and rumination) in predicting depression in people with recent ACS. METHODS Adults attending specialist inpatient and outpatient cardiology services who had recently experienced ACS were invited to participate in this observational prospective cohort study. Questionnaire assessments were completed within 6months of index ACS (baseline), then 2months and 6months later. RESULTS 169 participants (131 male (78%), median age 68 (±16) years) completed baseline questionnaires, and 111 completed follow-ups. After controlling for the effects of key covariates, baseline rumination was a significant predictor of depression at 6months, accounting for 2% of the variance in depression. This association was partially mediated by poor problem-solving ability and lack of social support. Neither worry nor rumination at baseline were significant predictors of quality of life at 6months. CONCLUSIONS Rumination is a significant independent predictor of depression, and this association may be partially explained by deficits in problem-solving ability and reduced social support. Both rumination and problem solving may provide useful targets for the development of evidence-based interventions to reduce depression among people with coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Trick
- Mental Health Research Group, University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Edward R Watkins
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - William Henley
- Health Statistics Group, University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Manish M Gandhi
- Cardiology Department, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Chris Dickens
- Mental Health Research Group, University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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50
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Bravo AJ, Pearson MR, Pilatti A, Mezquita L, Ibáñez MI, Ortet G. Ruminating in English, Ruminating in Spanish. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The present study aimed to adapt and validate a Spanish version of the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTSQ) and test for measurement invariance of the RTSQ across college students in the US, Spain, and Argentina ( n = 1,632). Additionally, we examined/compared across these countries, criterion-related (i.e., concurrent) validity of RTSQ factors (i.e., problem-focused thoughts, counterfactual thinking, repetitive thoughts, and anticipatory thoughts) on constructs theoretically-associated with rumination. Consistent with previous findings, we found that a 15-item 4-factor RTSQ provided a more adequate model compared to single-factor CFA models (15- and 20-item versions) in every country. The reliability and validity of the subscales for the Spanish version were satisfactory-to-good in Spain and Argentina. Using multigroup confirmatory factor analyses, we found the 15-item 4-factor version of the RTSQ to be invariant across countries and sex. Bivariate correlations provided evidence for the criterion-related validity of the 4-factor RTSQ across the countries. Our findings suggest that self-report items of the RTSQ convey the same meaning, and that responses to those items load onto the same set of factors, across languages and cultures of administration. Taken together, our findings serve as a foundation for future cross-cultural work testing models in which rumination is a central facet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J. Bravo
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Matthew R. Pearson
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Córdoba, Argentina
- CIPSI Grupo Vinculado CIECS-UNC-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Manuel I. Ibáñez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Generós Ortet
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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