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Attia KAM, El-Olemy A, Serag A, Abbas AEF, Eid SM. Environmentally sustainable DRS-FTIR probe assisted by chemometric tools for quality control analysis of cinnarizine and piracetam having diverged concentration ranges: Validation, greenness, and whiteness studies. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 302:123161. [PMID: 37478754 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel diffuse reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopic method accompanied by chemometrics was optimized to fulfill the white analytical chemistry and green analytical chemistry principles for the quantification of cinnarizine and piracetam for the first time without any prior separation in their challenging pharmaceutical preparation, which has a pretty substantial difference in the concentration of cinnarizine/piracetam (1:16). Furthermore, the suggested method was used for cinnarizine/piracetam dissolution testing as an effective alternative to traditional methods. For the cinnarizine/piracetam dissolution tests, we used a dissolution vessel with 900 mL of phosphate buffer pH 2.5 at 37 °C ± 0.5 °C, then the sampling was carried out by frequent withdrawal of 20 µl samples from the dissolution vessel at a one-minute interval, over one hour, then representative fourier transform infrared spectra were recorded. To create a partial-least-squares regression model, a fractional factorial design with 5 different levels and 2 factors was used. This led to the creation of 25 mixtures, 15 as a calibration set and 10 as a validation set, with varying concentration ranges: 1-75 and 16-1000 μg/mL for cinnarizine/piracetam, respectively. Upon optimization of the partial-least-squares regression model, in terms of latent variables and spectral region, root mean square error of cross-validation of 0.477 and 0.270, for cinnarizine/piracetam respectively, were obtained. The optimized partial-least-squares regression model was further validated, providing good results in terms of recovery% (around 98 to 102 %), root mean square error of prediction (0.436 and 3.329), relative root mean square error of prediction (1.210 and 1.245), bias-corrected mean square error of prediction (0.059 and 0.081), and limit of detection (0.125 and 2.786) for cinnarizine/piracetam respectively. Ultimately, the developed method was assessed for whiteness, greenness, and sustainability using five assessment tools. the developed method achieved a greener national environmental method index and complementary green analytical procedure index quadrants with higher eco-scale assessment scores (91), analytical greenness metric scores (0.87), and red-greenblue 12 algorithm scores (89.7) than the reported methods, showing high practical and environmental acceptance for quality control of cinnarizine/piracetam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A M Attia
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Olemy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Serag
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Emad F Abbas
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 October City, Giza 12585, Egypt
| | - Sherif M Eid
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 October City, Giza 12585, Egypt.
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Porat D, Dukhno O, Partook-Maccabi M, Vainer E, Cvijić S, Dahan A. Selective COX-2 inhibitors after bariatric surgery: Celecoxib, etoricoxib and etodolac post-bariatric solubility/dissolution and pharmacokinetics. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123347. [PMID: 37633536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Anatomical/physiological gastrointestinal changes after bariatric surgery may influence the fate of orally administered drugs.Since non-selective NSAIDs are not well-tolerated post-surgery, selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors may be important for these patients. In this work we investigated celecoxib, etoricoxib and etodolac, for impaired post-bariatric solubility/dissolution and absorption. Solubility was studied in-vitro, and ex-vivoin aspirated gastric contents from patients pre- vs. post-surgery. Dissolution was studied in conditions simulating pre- vs. post-surgery stomach. Finally, the experimental solubility data were used in physiologically-based biopharmaceutics model (PBBM) (GastroPlus®) to simulate pre- vs. post-surgery celecoxib/etoricoxib/etodolac pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles.For etoricoxib and etodolac (but not celecoxib), pH-dependent solubility was demonstrated: etoricoxib solubility decreased ∼1000-fold, and etodolac solubility increased 120-fold, as pH increased from 1 to 7, which was also confirmed ex-vivo. Hampered etoricoxib dissolution and improved etodolac dissolution post-surgery was revealed. Tablet crushing, clinically recommended after surgery, failed to improve post-bariatric dissolution. PBBM simulations revealed significantly impaired etoricoxib absorption post-surgery across all conditions; for instance, 79% lower Cmax and 53% decreased AUC was simulated post-gastric bypass procedure, after single 120 mg dose. Celecoxib and etodolac maintained unaffected absorption after bariatric surgery.This mechanistically-based analysis suggests to prefer the acidic drug etodolac or the neutral celecoxib as selective COX-2 inhibitors, over the basic drug etoricoxib, after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Porat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Oleg Dukhno
- Department of Surgery B, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 8410101, Israel
| | - Mazal Partook-Maccabi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Ella Vainer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Sandra Cvijić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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Zenda N, Tagami T, Ozeki T. Development of a Novel Gastric Process Simulation Model: The Successful Assessment of Bioequivalence and Bioinequivalence of a Biopharmaceutics Classification System Class II Weak Acid Drug. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:364-373. [PMID: 35228402 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bioequivalence has been assessed using in vitro dissolution testing, such as in vivo predictive dissolution methodology. However, the assessment of bioequivalence should be performed carefully, considering the effect of the in vivo environment and according to the properties of the drug. The gastric emptying process is a key factor for the assessment of biopharmaceutics classification system class II (BCS class IIa) drugs with acidic properties since they cannot dissolve in the acidic stomach, but do dissolve in the small intestine (SI). The disintegration of a tablet in the stomach affects the distribution/dissolution in the SI due to the difference in the gastric emptying step, which in turn is a result of the varying formulation of the drugs. In this study, we used the reported dynamic pH change method and a novel gastric process simulation (GPS) model, which can compare the gastric emptying of particular-sized drug particles. The in vitro results were compared to clinical data using bioequivalent and bioinequivalent products of candesartan cilexetil. It was revealed that the dynamic pH change method was inappropriate, whereas the amount of filtered drug in GPS studies with 20 and 50 µm pore size filters could reflect the clinical results of all products. The evaluation of the gastric emptying process of drug particles less than 50 µm enabled us to assess the bioequivalence because they probably caused the difference in the distribution in the SI. This study demonstrated the utility of the GPS model for the assessment of bioequivalence of BCS class IIa drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Zenda
- Pharmacokinetics group, Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Tatsuaki Tagami
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Tetsuya Ozeki
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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Xu X, Xu H, Shang Y, Zhu R, Hong X, Song Z, Yang Z. Development of the general chapters of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition: A review. J Pharm Anal 2021; 11:398-404. [PMID: 34513116 PMCID: PMC8424356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition was reviewed and approved by the National Medical Products Administration and the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China in July 2020. The current edition was officially implemented on December 30, 2020. The general chapters of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia discuss the general testing methods and guidelines, which are the common requirements and basis for the implementation of drug standards in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Owing to adherence to the principles of scientificity, versatility, operability, and sustainable development, there is an improvement in the general chapters of the 2020 edition over those of the previous editions. Further, the application of advanced and mature analytical techniques has expanded, the development of testing methods for exogenous pollutants in traditional Chinese medicines has been strengthened, and technical requirements are now better harmonized with international standards. The updated edition provides technical and methodological support to ensure safety, effectiveness, and control of pharmaceuticals in China and will play an important and active role in encouraging the application of advanced technologies, improving the quality control of medicines, and strengthening the means of drug regulation in China. This review provides a comprehensive introduction of the main features of and changes to the general chapters in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition and aims to provide reference for its correct understanding and accurate implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Xu
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing, 100061, China
| | - Huayu Xu
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing, 100061, China
| | - Yue Shang
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing, 100061, China
| | - Ran Zhu
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing, 100061, China
| | - Xiaoxu Hong
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing, 100061, China
| | - Zonghua Song
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing, 100061, China
| | - Zhaopeng Yang
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing, 100061, China
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Bedor DCG, Bedor NCTC, Neto JGP, José de Alencar Danda L, de Oliveira FM, de Oliveira GHO, Soares Sobrinho JL, Beyssac E, Castro WVD, Santana DPD. Characterization, in vitro dissolution, and pharmacokinetics of different batches of efavirenz raw materials. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:725-734. [PMID: 34038291 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1934860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform the solid-state characterization and the in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) of three batches of efavirenz (EFV) active pharmaceutical ingredients. SIGNIFICANCE EFV is an effective anti-HIV drug. Due to the poor aqueous solubility, the rate and extent of EFV absorption deeply depend on its dissolution characteristics. METHODS Thermal analyses, x-ray diffraction, and particle size distribution were performed. The saturation solubility and dissolution profiles were assessed in 0.5% (w/v) sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF), and fed-state simulated intestinal fluid (FeSSIF) using a flow-through cell. Each batch was orally administered to Wistar rats and the pharmacokinetic parameters were correlated with those obtained from in vitro dissolution. RESULTS All batches of EFV consisted polymorph I. EFV-A presented the lowest particle size distribution [d(v,0.5) = 197.8 µm; d(v,0.9) = 444.6 µm] followed by EFV-B [d(v,0.5) = 223.9 µm; d(v,0.9) = 481.1 µm], and EFV-C [d(v,0.5) = 240.8 µm; d(v,0.9) = 497.3 µm]. The saturated solubility in FaSSIF was 36% and 40% of that in FeSSIF and SLS, respectively. EFV-A presented the fastest rate and largest extension of dissolution than EFV-B and C (79.15%, 69.93% and 54.22%, respectively, as well as the highest maximum plasma concentration. Levels B, C, and multiple-C of IVIVC models were achieved. CONCLUSION The FaSSIF medium discriminated the dissolution profiles of EFV APIs. Small differences in particle size distribution had a significant impact on the biopharmaceutical parameters of EFV, suggesting that strict control of such parameter is an important aspect during API development and drug formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Beyssac
- Biopharmaceutical Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont, France
| | - Whocely Victor de Castro
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Divinópolis Brazil
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Thakral NK, Meister E, Jankovsky C, Li L, Schwabe R, Luo L, Chen S. Prediction of in vivo supersaturation and precipitation of poorly water-soluble drugs: Achievements and aspirations. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120505. [PMID: 33753162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on options available to a pharmaceutical scientist to predict in vivo supersaturation and precipitation of poorly water-soluble drugs. As no single device or system can simulate the complex gastrointestinal environment, a combination of appropriate in vitro tools may be utilized to get optimal predictive information. To address the empirical issues encountered during small-scale and full-scale in vitro predictive testing, theoretical background and relevant case studies are discussed. The practical considerations for selection of appropriate tools at various stages of drug development are recommended. Upcoming technologies that have potential to further reduce in vivo studies and expedite the drug development process are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen K Thakral
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States.
| | - Eva Meister
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Corinne Jankovsky
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Li Li
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States; Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - Robert Schwabe
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Laibin Luo
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Shirlynn Chen
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
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Zhang G, Sun M, Jiang S, Wang L, Tan Y, Wang L, Cheng Z. Investigating a Modified Apparatus to Discriminate the Dissolution Capacity In Vitro and Establish an IVIVC of Mycophenolate Mofetil Tablets in the Fed State. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1240-1247. [PMID: 33096138 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a modified dissolution apparatus was developed by equipping a USP apparatus Ⅰ with an open-loop system to discriminate the dissolution capacity in vitro and establish an in vitro and in vivo correlation (IVIVC) for mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) tablets. MMF had strong pH-dependent solubility that could influence the dissolution rate in vivo after the meal. Dissolution tests involving reference (Cellcept®) and test formulations (F1 and F2) were conducted using pH 4.5 acetate buffer to simulate gastric fluids in the fed state. The dissolution profiles of the reference and test formulations were distinguished by using the modified dissolution apparatus and compared with those determined using the USP apparatuses Ⅱ and Ⅳ, and the dissolution capacities of the formulations were discriminated at different sampling time-points. The results of human bioequivalence (BE) studies in the fed state were consistent with in vitro evaluations that the maximum concentrations (Cmax,in vivo) of both F1 and F2 fell below the acceptable range (80.00%). A level A IVIVC between the absorption fraction in vivo and dissolution in vitro, and a level C correlation between Cmax,in vivo and Cmax,in vitro, were established to guide the optimization of the tablet formulation containing MMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hangzhou Zhongmei Huadong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Yuexiang Tan
- Hunan Huize Bio-pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Zeneng Cheng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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Tunable vegetable oil/silica hybrid microparticles for poorly water-soluble drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2019; 567:118478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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9
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On demand manufacturing of patient-specific liquid capsules via co-ordinated 3D printing and liquid dispensing. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Xiong H, Fu J, Sun H, Wang E, Ding Y, Ren G, Jing Q, Ren F. The Physicochemical Investigation of 17β-Estradiol Crystalline Prepared by In Situ pH-Dependent Solubility Technique with Polyvinylpyrrolidone. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2889-2897. [PMID: 28424978 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-particles of 17β-estradiol (ED) were prepared with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) by in situ pH-dependent solubility technique. Products were characterized using multiple instruments, and molecular interactions between ED and PVP were explored. Powder X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis revealed crystalline ED in the micro-particles is hemihydrated. PVP was also present in the micro-particles. Laser particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy revealed thin slice morphology, which might have resulted from the influence of PVP. Moreover, the results of contact angle, specific surface area, and dynamic vapor sorption showed that the surface properties of products were improved. These physicochemical properties of the micro-particles resulted in an obvious improvement in dissolution rate. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance revealed hydrogen bonding between ED and PVP. A method was established for the preparation of micro-particles through the addition of PVP during the reaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiong
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 363#, No. 130, Meilong Rd., Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jinping Fu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 363#, No. 130, Meilong Rd., Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hanjing Sun
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 363#, No. 130, Meilong Rd., Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Enfu Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 363#, No. 130, Meilong Rd., Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yunhui Ding
- Shanghai Zhongxi Sunve Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201806, China
| | - Guobin Ren
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 363#, No. 130, Meilong Rd., Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qiufang Jing
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 363#, No. 130, Meilong Rd., Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Fuzheng Ren
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 363#, No. 130, Meilong Rd., Shanghai, 200237, China.
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