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Zahel P, Bruggink V, Hülsmann J, Steiniger F, Hofstetter RK, Heinzel T, Beekmann U, Werz O, Kralisch D. Exploring Microemulsion Systems for the Incorporation of Glucocorticoids into Bacterial Cellulose: A Novel Approach for Anti-Inflammatory Wound Dressings. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:504. [PMID: 38675165 PMCID: PMC11054342 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The effective pharmacological treatment of inflamed wounds such as pyoderma gangraenosum remains challenging, as the systemic application of suitable drugs such as glucocorticoids is compromised by severe side effects and the inherent difficulties of wounds as drug targets. Furthermore, conventional semi-solid formulations are not suitable for direct application to open wounds. Thus, the treatment of inflamed wounds could considerably benefit from the development of active wound dressings for the topical administration of anti-inflammatory drugs. Although bacterial cellulose appears to be an ideal candidate for this purpose due to its known suitability for advanced wound care and as a drug delivery system, the incorporation of poorly water-soluble compounds into the hydrophilic material still poses a problem. The use of microemulsions could solve that open issue. The present study therefore explores their use as a novel approach to incorporate poorly water-soluble glucocorticoids into bacterial cellulose. Five microemulsion formulations were loaded with hydrocortisone or dexamethasone and characterized in detail, demonstrating their regular microstructure, biocompatibility and shelf-life stability. Bacterial cellulose was successfully loaded with the formulations as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and surprisingly showed homogenous incorporation, even of w/o type microemulsions. High and controllable drug permeation through Strat-M® membranes was observed, and the anti-inflammatory activity for permeated glucocorticoids was confirmed in vitro. This study presents a novel approach for the development of anti-inflammatory wound dressings using bacterial cellulose in combination with microemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zahel
- JeNaCell GmbH—An Evonik Company, 07745 Jena, Germany; (P.Z.); (V.B.); (U.B.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (R.K.H.); (O.W.)
| | - Vera Bruggink
- JeNaCell GmbH—An Evonik Company, 07745 Jena, Germany; (P.Z.); (V.B.); (U.B.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (R.K.H.); (O.W.)
| | - Juliana Hülsmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745 Jena, Germany; (J.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Frank Steiniger
- Electron Microscopy Center, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Robert K. Hofstetter
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (R.K.H.); (O.W.)
| | - Thorsten Heinzel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745 Jena, Germany; (J.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Uwe Beekmann
- JeNaCell GmbH—An Evonik Company, 07745 Jena, Germany; (P.Z.); (V.B.); (U.B.)
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (R.K.H.); (O.W.)
| | - Dana Kralisch
- JeNaCell GmbH—An Evonik Company, 07745 Jena, Germany; (P.Z.); (V.B.); (U.B.)
- Evonik Operations GmbH, 45128 Essen, Germany
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Tao W, Xie P, Huang C, Wang Y, Huang Y, Yin Z. Construction of PLGA nanoparticles modified with RWrNM and DLPC and their application in acute rhinosinusitis. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1063-1076. [PMID: 37966678 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to overcome the nasal mucus barrier and epithelial barrier, as well as reduce entry into the bloodstream, we designed RWrNM and DLPC-modified PLGA nanoparticles (PDR-NPs). These nanoparticles were further encapsulated with dexamethasone acetate (Dexac) to form Dexac/PDR-NPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed their spherical shape with an outer lipid layer. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) determined their particle size to be 125.77 ± 2.01 nm, with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.139 ± 0.029. The experimental results demonstrate that DLPC-modified PLGA nanoparticles can effectively reduce interactions with mucin at different concentrations, decrease aggregation, and facilitate their crossing of the mucus barrier. Additionally, results from the cellular uptake assay revealed a significantly greater uptake of PDR-NPs by inflammatory RAW 264.7 cells (2.99-fold higher than that of free C6, p < 0.0001) and inflammatory HUVECs (7.20-fold higher than that of free C6, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, Dexac/PDR-NPs effectively reduced the levels of inflammatory factors nitric oxide (NO) (p < 0.001) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p < 0.05) in the supernatant of inflammatory RAW 264.7 cells. Intravital imaging of rats revealed that PDR-NPs had a longer residence time in inflamed nasal tissue compared to PD-NPs. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacodynamic experiments showed that Dexac/PDR-NPs effectively reduced the symptoms of nasal inflammation, lowered the pH of nasal secretions, decreased serum inflammatory factor levels (TNF-α and IL-6), and reduced nasal mucosal inflammatory factor levels (IL-1β), while also reducing the degree of inflammation in the nasal mucosa. Both cytotoxicity assays and in vivo results indicate that PDR-NPs have a good safety profile. PDR-NPs not only overcome the nasal mucus barrier but also reduce the systemic toxicities associated with drug entry into the circulation by enhancing the targeting of inflammatory macrophages and inflammatory vascular endothelial cells. PDR-NPs allow for an "open sources and cut costs" treatment strategy to increase drug retention in the inflamed nasal tissues, reducing toxicity and increasing efficacy. In conclusion, PDR-NPs can be a promising drug delivery system for the local treatment of acute rhinosinusitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Tao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Pei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chengyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongning Yin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Tessier B, Moine L, Peramo A, Tsapis N, Fattal E. Poly(malic acid)-budesonide nanoconjugates embedded in microparticles for lung administration. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01571-4. [PMID: 38517568 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
To improve the therapeutic activity of inhaled glucocorticoids and reduce potential side effects, we designed a formulation combining the advantages of nanoparticles, which have an enhanced uptake by alveolar cells, allow targeted delivery and sustained drug release, as well as limited drug systemic passage, with those of microparticles, which display good alveolar deposition. Herein, a polymer-drug conjugate, poly(malic acid)-budesonide (PMAB), was first synthesized with either 11, 20, 33, or 43 mol% budesonide (drug:polymer from 1:8 to 3:4), the drug creating hydrophobic domains. The obtained conjugates self-assemble into nanoconjugates in water, yielding excellent drug loading of up to 73 wt%, with 80-100 nm diameters. In vitro assays showed that budesonide could be steadily released from the nanoconjugates, and the anti-inflammatory activity was preserved, as evidenced by reduced cytokine production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Nanoconjugates were then embedded into microparticles through spray-drying with L-leucine, forming nano-embedded microparticles (NEMs). NEMs were produced with an aerodynamic diameter close to 1 µm and a density below 0.1 g.cm-3, indicative of a high alveolar deposition. NEMs spray-dried with the less hydrophobic nanoconjugates, PMAB 1:4, were readily dissolved in simulated lung fluid and were chosen for in vivo experiments to study pharmacokinetics in healthy rats. As it was released in vivo from NEMs, sustained distribution of budesonide was obtained for 48 h in lung tissue, cells, and lining fluid. With high loading rates, modulable release kinetics, and low cytotoxicity, these nanoconjugates delivered by NEMs are promising for the more efficient treatment of pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tessier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Laurence Moine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Arnaud Peramo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Nicolas Tsapis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Elias Fattal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France.
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Bendicho-Lavilla C, Seoane-Viaño I, Santos-Rosales V, Díaz-Tomé V, Carracedo-Pérez M, Luzardo-Álvarez AM, García-González CA, Otero-Espinar FJ. Intravitreal implants manufactured by supercritical foaming for treating retinal diseases. J Control Release 2023; 362:342-355. [PMID: 37633363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are a major cause of global visual impairment. However, current treatment methods involving repetitive intravitreal injections pose financial and health burdens for patients. The development of controlled drug release systems, particularly for biological drugs, is still an unmet need in prolonging drug release within the vitreous chamber. To address this, green supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) foaming technology was employed to manufacture porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based intravitreal implants loaded with dexamethasone. The desired implant dimensions were achieved through 3D printing of customised moulds. By varying the depressurisation rates during the foaming process, implants with different porosities and dexamethasone release rates were successfully obtained. These implants demonstrated controlled drug release for up to four months, surpassing the performance of previously developed implants. In view of the positive results obtained, a pilot study was conducted using the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab to explore the feasibility of this technology for preparing intraocular implants loaded with biologic drug molecules. Overall, this study presents a greener and more sustainable alternative to conventional implant manufacturing techniques, particularly suited for drugs that are susceptible to degradation under harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bendicho-Lavilla
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Materials Institute iMATUS, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Paraquasil Group (GI-2109), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iria Seoane-Viaño
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Materials Institute iMATUS, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Paraquasil Group (GI-2109), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Víctor Santos-Rosales
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Materials Institute iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Victoria Díaz-Tomé
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Materials Institute iMATUS, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Clinical Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Carracedo-Pérez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Materials Institute iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Asteria M Luzardo-Álvarez
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Materials Institute iMATUS, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Paraquasil Group (GI-2109), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos A García-González
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Materials Institute iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco J Otero-Espinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Materials Institute iMATUS, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Paraquasil Group (GI-2109), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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5
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Ur-Rehman M, Reynaud F, Lepetre S, Abreu S, Chaminade P, Fattal E, Tsapis N. Modulation of release and pharmacokinetics from nanoscale lipid prodrugs of dexamethasone with variable linkage chemistry. J Control Release 2023; 360:293-303. [PMID: 37391032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to tune drug release and subsequent pharmacokinetics once administered intravenously, we have synthesized three lipid-drug conjugates (LDCs) of dexamethasone (DXM) each possessing a different lipid-drug chemical linkage: namely ester, carbamate and carbonate. These LDCs were thoroughly characterized before being turned into nanoscale particles by an emulsion-evaporation process using DSPE-PEG2000 (Distearoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine-N-(methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000) as the only excipient. Spherical nanoparticles (NPs) of about 140-170 nm, with a negative zeta potential, were obtained for each LDC and exhibited good stability upon storage at 4 °C for 45 days with no recrystallization of LDCs observed. LDC encapsulation efficacy was above 95% for the three LDCs, leading to a LDC loading of about 90% and an equivalent DXM loading above 50%. Although the ester and carbonate NPs did not exhibit any toxicity up to an equivalent DXM concentration of 100 μg/mL, the carbamate LDC NPs appeared very toxic towards RAW 264.7 macrophages and were discarded. Both ester and carbonate LDC NPs were shown to exert anti-inflammatory activity on LPS-activated macrophages. DXM release from LDC NPs in murine plasma was faster from ester than from carbonate NPs. Finally, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution were conducted, showing a lower exposure to DXM from carbonate LDC NPs than from ester LDC NPs, correlated with the slower DXM release from carbonate LDC NPs. These results outline the need for extended studies to find the best prodrug system for extended drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujeeb Ur-Rehman
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; L.E.J. Nanotechnology Center, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Franceline Reynaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR EA3452, Faculté de Pharmacie, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Sinda Lepetre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Sonia Abreu
- Université Paris-Saclay, Lipides : systèmes analytiques et biologiques, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Pierre Chaminade
- Université Paris-Saclay, Lipides : systèmes analytiques et biologiques, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Elias Fattal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France.
| | - Nicolas Tsapis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France.
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6
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Costello MA, Liu J, Chen B, Wang Y, Qin B, Xu X, Li Q, Lynd NA, Zhang F. Drug release mechanisms of high-drug-load, melt-extruded dexamethasone intravitreal implants. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 187:46-56. [PMID: 37037387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Ozurdex is an FDA-approved sustained-release, biodegradable implant formulated to deliver the corticosteroid dexamethasone to the posterior segment of the eye for up to 6 months. Hot-melt extrusion is used to prepare the 0.46 mm × 6 mm, rod-shaped implant by embedding the drug in a matrix of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) in a 60:40 drug:polymer ratio by weight. In our previous work, the Ozurdex implant was carefully studied and reverse engineered to produce a compositionally and structurally equivalent implant for further analysis. In this work, the reverse-engineered implant is thoroughly characterized throughout the in vitro dissolution process to elucidate the mechanisms of controlled drug release. The implant exhibits a triphasic release profile in 37 °C normal saline with a small burst release (1-2 %), a one-week lag phase with limited release (less than10 %), and a final phase where the remainder of the dose is released over 3-4 weeks. The limited intermolecular interaction between dexamethasone and PLGA renders the breakdown of the polymer the dominating mechanism of controlled release. A close relationship between drug release and total implant mass loss was observed. Unique chemical and structural differences were seen between the core of the implant and the implant surface driven by diffusional limitations, autocatalytic hydrolysis, and osmotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Costello
- University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Liu
- University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Beibei Chen
- University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Generic Drugs, Office of Research and Standards, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Bin Qin
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Generic Drugs, Office of Research and Standards, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Office of Testing and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Qi Li
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Generic Drugs, Office of Research and Standards, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel A Lynd
- University of Texas at Austin, McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA.
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Costello MA, Liu J, Wang Y, Qin B, Xu X, Li Q, Lynd NA, Zhang F. Reverse engineering the Ozurdex dexamethasone intravitreal implant. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122625. [PMID: 36690129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ozurdex is a biodegradable implant formulated for sustained-release delivery of the corticosteroid dexamethasone to the posterior segment of the eye. The small, rod-shaped implant is administered directly to the vitreous using a dedicated applicator, and releases drug for up to 6 months after administration. Sustained release is achieved by embedding dexamethasone in a matrix of 50:50 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). In this work, the Ozurdex implant was thoroughly characterized to enable the reverse engineering of a compositionally and structurally equivalent implant. Advanced imaging techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microcomputed tomography (microCT) revealed that the Ozurdex implant exhibits an irregular surface and an internal porosity of 6% due to a large number of discrete voids approximately 3 μm in diameter. Thermal and spectroscopic analyses showed limited interaction between the drug and the polymer, resulting in a two-phase system of dexamethasone crystals embedded within a PLGA matrix. Reverse-engineered implants with properties similar to Ozurdex were prepared using a two-step hot-melt extrusion process. The reverse-engineered implants exhibited a triphasic drug release profile similar to Ozurdex. This work seeks to provide insight into the manufacturing process and characterization of PLGA-based solid implants to support future generic product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Costello
- University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Liu
- University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Generic Drugs, Office of Research and Standards, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Bin Qin
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Generic Drugs, Office of Research and Standards, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Office of Testing and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Qi Li
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Generic Drugs, Office of Research and Standards, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel A Lynd
- University of Texas at Austin, McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA.
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Ioannidi AA, Arvaniti OS, Miserli K, Konstantinou I, Frontistis Z, Mantzavinos D. Removal of drug dexamethasone from aqueous matrices using low frequency ultrasound: Kinetics, transformation products, and effect of microplastics. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:117007. [PMID: 36521216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sonochemical oxidation was employed for the degradation of the drug dexamethasone (Dex). The oxidation at 20 kHz followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and increased with applied ultrasound power density. Acoustic cavitation at 71 W/L was able to eliminate 500 μg/L of dexamethasone from ultrapure water at inherent pH in less than 60 min. The oxidation was enhanced at pH 3 and decreased at increased Dex concentration. Scavenging experiments with tert-butanol showed that hydroxyl radicals play a crucial role in decomposition, where the reaction mainly occurs on the gas-liquid interface of the formed cavities. The addition of chloride did not affect Dex removal, while in the presence of 10 mg/L of humic acid or bicarbonate, the apparent kinetic constant decreased from 0.0423 ± 0.004 min-1 to about 0.03 ± 0.002 min-1. The rate in secondary effluent was 3.3 times lower than in ultrapure water due to the complexity of the actual matrix. Six transformation products were identified via high resolution LC-MS during the sonochemical oxidation of 3 mg/L Dex in ultrapure water. The presence of polyethylene or polystyrene microplastics slightly enhanced DEX sonodegradation. The effect of ultrasound irradiation at 71 W/L for 60 min on the microplastics surfaces was inconsiderable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A Ioannidi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Olga S Arvaniti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504, Patras, Greece; Department of Agricultural Development, Agrofood and Management of Natural Resources, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Psachna, 34400, Greece
| | - Kleopatra Miserli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Konstantinou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina, Greece; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Zacharias Frontistis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR-50132, Kozani, Greece; School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Dionissios Mantzavinos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504, Patras, Greece.
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Annala A, Ilochonwu BC, Wilbie D, Sadeghi A, Hennink WE, Vermonden T. Self-Healing Thermosensitive Hydrogel for Sustained Release of Dexamethasone for Ocular Therapy. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 3:118-131. [PMID: 36785837 PMCID: PMC9912331 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an injectable hydrogel delivery system for sustained ocular delivery of dexamethasone. To this end, a self-healing hydrogel consisting of a thermosensitive ABA triblock copolymer was designed. The drug was covalently linked to the polymer by copolymerization of methacrylated dexamethasone with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and N-acryloxysuccinimide (NAS) through reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) functionalized at both ends with a chain transfer agent (CTA). Hydrogel formation was achieved by mixing aqueous solutions of the formed thermosensitive polymer (with a cloud point of 23 °C) with cystamine at 37 °C, to result in covalent cross-linking due to the reaction of the N-hydroxysuccimide (NHS) functionality of the polymer and the primary amines of cystamine. Rheological analysis showed both thermogelation and covalent cross-linking at 37 °C, as well as the self-healing properties of the formed network, which was attributed to the presence of disulfide bonds in the cystamine cross-links, making the system injectable. The release of dexamethasone from the hydrogel occurred through ester hydrolysis following first-order kinetics in an aqueous medium at pH 7.4 over 430 days at 37 °C. Based on simulations, administration of 100 mg of hydrogel would be sufficient for maintaining therapeutic levels of dexamethasone in the vitreous for at least 500 days. Importantly, dexamethasone was released from the hydrogel in its native form as determined by LC-MS analysis. Cytocompatibility studies showed that at clinically relevant concentrations, both the polymer and the cross-linker were well tolerated by adult retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells. Moreover, the hydrogel did not show any toxicity to ARPE-19 cells. The injectability of the hydrogel, together with the long-lasting release of dexamethasone and good cytocompatibility with a retinal cell line, makes this delivery system an attractive candidate for treatment of ocular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Annala
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty
of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Blessing C. Ilochonwu
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty
of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Danny Wilbie
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty
of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty
of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty
of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands,
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10
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Input integration by the circadian clock exhibits nonadditivity and fold-change detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2209933119. [PMID: 36279450 PMCID: PMC9636907 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209933119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks are synchronized by external timing cues to align with one another and the environment. Various signaling pathways have been shown to independently reset the phase of the clock. However, in the body, circadian clocks are exposed to a multitude of potential timing cues with complex temporal dynamics, raising the question of how clocks integrate information in response to multiple signals. To investigate different modes of signal integration by the circadian clock, we used Circa-SCOPE, a method we recently developed for high-throughput phase resetting analysis. We found that simultaneous exposure to different combinations of known pharmacological resetting agents elicits a diverse range of responses. Often, the response was nonadditive and could not be readily predicted by the response to the individual signals. For instance, we observed that dexamethasone is dominant over other tested inputs. In the case of signals administered sequentially, the background levels of a signal attenuated subsequent resetting by the same signal, but not by signals acting through a different pathway. This led us to examine whether the circadian clock is sensitive to relative rather than absolute levels of the signal. Importantly, our analysis revealed the involvement of a signal-specific fold-change detection mechanism in the clock response. This mechanism likely stems from properties of the signaling pathway that are upstream to the clock. Overall, our findings elucidate modes of input integration by the circadian clock, with potential relevance to clock resetting under both physiological and pathological conditions.
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11
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Schwab R, Reichl S. Dexamethasone-loaded keratin films for ocular surface reconstruction. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 33:29. [PMID: 35244790 PMCID: PMC9050765 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Amniotic membrane (AM) is often applied as a substitute material during ocular surface reconstruction. However, since AM has several disadvantages, alternative materials must be considered for this application. Keratin films made from human hair (KFs) have previously been presented as a promising option; they exhibited suitable characteristics and satisfactory biocompatibility in an in vivo rabbit model. Nevertheless, dexamethasone (DEX) eye drops are necessary after surgery to suppress inflammation. Since eye drops must be administered frequently, this might result in poor patient compliance, and the release of DEX at the transplant site would be clinically beneficial. Therefore, we aimed to incorporate DEX into KFs without hindering the positive film characteristics. Drug-loaded KFs were generated either by suspension technique or by the addition of solubilizing agents. The resulting specimens were analyzed regarding appearance, loading capacity, transparency, mechanical characteristics, swelling behavior and in vitro release. Furthermore, biocompatibility was assessed in vitro by determining the cell viability, seeding efficiency and growth behavior of corneal epithelial cells. The amount of incorporated DEX influenced the transparency and biomechanical properties of the films, but even highly loaded films showed properties similar to those of AM. The suspension technique was identified as the best incorporation approach regarding chemical stability and prolonged DEX release. Moreover, suspended DEX in the films did not negatively impact cell seeding efficiencies, and the cell-growth behaviors on the specimens with moderate DEX loads were satisfactory. This suggest that these films could comprise a suitable alternative material with additional anti-inflammatory activity for ocular surface reconstruction. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Schwab
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Reichl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
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12
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Auel T, Großmann L, Schulig L, Weitschies W, Seidlitz A. The EyeFlowCell: Development of a 3D-Printed Dissolution Test Setup for Intravitreal Dosage Forms. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091394. [PMID: 34575470 PMCID: PMC8464925 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An in vitro dissolution model, the so-called EyeFlowCell (EFC), was developed to test intravitreal dosage forms, simulating parameters such as the gel-like consistency of the vitreous body. The developed model consists of a stereolithography 3D-printed flow-through cell with a polyacrylamide (PAA) gel as its core. This gel needed to be coated with an agarose sheath because of its low viscosity. Drug release from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-based implants containing either triamcinolone acetonide or fluorescein sodium was studied in the EFC using a schematic eye movement by the EyeMovementSystem (EyeMoS). For comparison, studies were performed in USP apparatus 4 and USP apparatus 7. Significantly slower drug release was observed in the PAA gel for both model drugs compared with the compendial methods. Drug release from fluorescein sodium-containing model implants was completed after 40 min in USP apparatus 4, whereas drug release in the gel-based EFC lasted 72 h. Drug release from triamcinolone acetonide-containing model implants was completed after 35 min in USP apparatus 4 and after 150 min in USP apparatus 7, whereas this was delayed until 96 h in the EFC. These results suggest that compendial release methods may overestimate the drug release rate in the human vitreous body. Using a gel-based in vitro release system such as the EFC may better predict drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Auel
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (T.A.); (L.G.); (W.W.)
| | - Linus Großmann
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (T.A.); (L.G.); (W.W.)
| | - Lukas Schulig
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (T.A.); (L.G.); (W.W.)
| | - Anne Seidlitz
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (T.A.); (L.G.); (W.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3834-420-4898
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13
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Simultaneous quantification of dexamethasone and 6β-hydroxydexamethasone in rabbit plasma, aqueous and vitreous humor, and retina by UHPLC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:1051-1062. [PMID: 34100308 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop and validate a fit for purpose method for the simultaneous determination of dexamethasone and its major metabolite, 6β-hydroxydexamethasone, in rabbit plasma and ocular matrices to measure the in vivo release and distribution profile of dexamethasone from intravitreal implants. Materials & methods: An UHPLC-MS/MS system was employed to perform the bioanalysis. The method was validated according to the US FDA Bioanalytical Method Validation Guidance for Industry. Results & conclusion: The method was found to be fit-for-purpose for the described biological matrices and had a LLOQ of 0.1 ng/ml.
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14
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Bhattacharya M, Sadeghi A, Sarkhel S, Hagström M, Bahrpeyma S, Toropainen E, Auriola S, Urtti A. Release of functional dexamethasone by intracellular enzymes: A modular peptide-based strategy for ocular drug delivery. J Control Release 2020; 327:584-594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Xu Y, Chen Z, Xu Z, Du Y, Han J, Yuan X, Zhang S, Guo S. Intra-Articular injection of acid-sensitive stearoxyl-ketal-dexamethasone microcrystals for long-acting arthritis therapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 16:213-221. [PMID: 33995615 PMCID: PMC8105419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in treatment of chronic arthritis, there is still a strong need for the development of long-acting formulations that can enable local and sustained drug release at the inflamed tissues. In this work, we fabricated microcrystals of an acid-sensitive stearoxyl-ketal-dexamethasone prodrug for treatment of arthritis. Microcrystals of the prodrug with two sizes were successfully engineered and showed pH-dependent hydrolysis kinetics in vitro. In a collagen-induced arthritis rat model, we evaluated the influence of particle size and injection dose on anti-inflammatory effect after intra-articular injection. Such prodrug demonstrated long-acting anti-arthritis effects with good safety. Our results indicate ketal-based prodrugs are promising for the development of long-acting injectables and may stimulate the development of new treatments for chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zunkai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanyan Du
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jianghao Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoyong Yuan
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin 300022, China
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Shutao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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