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Cardona-Herrera R, Quiñones-Muñoz TA, Franco-Robles E, Ozuna C. Development of a tamarind-based functional beverage with partially-hydrolyzed agave syrup and the health effects of its consumption in C57BL/6 mice. Food Chem 2024; 447:138935. [PMID: 38461724 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Excess consumption of sweetened beverages is associated with a global rise in metabolic diseases. Tamarind and partially-hydrolyzed agave syrup have potential for developing healthier beverages. Our objective was to develop a functional beverage using these ingredients (PH-AS-B). We also evaluate shelf-life stability (physicochemical, microbiological, and antioxidant properties) and health effects in C57BL/6 mice compared with tamarind beverages sweetened with glucose or fructose. Optimal tamarind extraction conditions were a 1:10 ratio (g pulp/mL water) and boiling for 30 min, and the resulting beverage had a shelf life of two months at 4 °C. Non-volatile metabolites were identified using HPLC/MS. PH-AS-B was associated with decreased blood cholesterol (5%) and triglyceride (20-35%) concentrations in healthy mice as well as lower lipid (82%) concentrations and evidence of protein oxidation (42%) in the liver, compared with glucose- and fructose-sweetened tamarind beverages. In conclusion, PH-AS-B was stable and associated with beneficial metabolic properties in healthy mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román Cardona-Herrera
- Posgrado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico
| | - Tannia Alexandra Quiñones-Muñoz
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)-Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío, Zapopan, Jalisco 45019, Mexico
| | - Elena Franco-Robles
- Posgrado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico; Departamento de Veterinaria y Zootecnia, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico
| | - César Ozuna
- Posgrado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico; Departamento de Alimentos, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico.
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Mouskeftara T, Deda O, Papadopoulos G, Chatzigeorgiou A, Gika H. Lipidomic Analysis of Liver and Adipose Tissue in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mice Model Reveals Alterations in Lipid Metabolism by Weight Loss and Aerobic Exercise. Molecules 2024; 29:1494. [PMID: 38611773 PMCID: PMC11013466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Detailed investigation of the lipidome remodeling upon normal weight conditions, obesity, or weight loss, as well as the influence of physical activity, can help to understand the mechanisms underlying dyslipidemia in metabolic conditions correlated to the emergence and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). C57BL/6 male mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks. Subgroups within the high-fat diet (HFD) group underwent different interventions: some engaged in exercise (HFDex), others were subjected to weight loss (WL) by changing from the HFD to ND, and some underwent a combination of weight loss and exercise (WLex) during the final 8 weeks of the 20-week feeding period. To support our understanding, not only tissue-specific lipid remodeling mechanisms but also the cross-talk between different tissues and their impact on the systemic regulation of lipid metabolism are essential. Exercise and weight loss-induced specific adaptations in the liver and visceral adipose tissue lipidomes of mice were explored by the UPLC-TOF-MS/MS untargeted lipidomics methodology. Lipidomic signatures of ND and HFD-fed mice undergoing weight loss were compared with animals with and without physical exercise. Several lipid classes were identified as contributing factors in the discrimination of the groups by multivariate analysis models, such as glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and fatty acids, with respect to liver samples, whereas triglycerides were the only lipid class identified in visceral adipose tissue. Lipids found to be dysregulated in HFD animals are related to well-established pathways involved in the biosynthesis of PC, PE, and TG metabolism. These show a reversing trend back to basic levels of ND when animals change to a normal diet after 12 weeks, whereas the impact of exercise, though in some cases it slightly enhances the reversing trend, is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomai Mouskeftara
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.M.); (O.D.)
- Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Deda
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.M.); (O.D.)
- Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Grigorios Papadopoulos
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Helen Gika
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.M.); (O.D.)
- Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Teysseire F, Bordier V, Beglinger C, Wölnerhanssen BK, Meyer-Gerspach AC. Metabolic Effects of Selected Conventional and Alternative Sweeteners: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:622. [PMID: 38474749 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sugar consumption is known to be associated with a whole range of adverse health effects, including overweight status and type II diabetes mellitus. In 2015, the World Health Organization issued a guideline recommending the reduction of sugar intake. In this context, alternative sweeteners have gained interest as sugar substitutes to achieve this goal without loss of the sweet taste. This review aims to provide an overview of the scientific literature and establish a reference tool for selected conventional sweeteners (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) and alternative sweeteners (sucralose, xylitol, erythritol, and D-allulose), specifically focusing on their important metabolic effects. The results show that alternative sweeteners constitute a diverse group, and each substance exhibits one or more metabolic effects. Therefore, no sweetener can be considered to be inert. Additionally, xylitol, erythritol, and D-allulose seem promising as alternative sweeteners due to favorable metabolic outcomes. These alternative sweeteners replicate the benefits of sugars (e.g., sweetness and gastrointestinal hormone release) while circumventing the detrimental effects of these substances on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Teysseire
- St. Clara Research Ltd. at St. Claraspital, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valentine Bordier
- St. Clara Research Ltd. at St. Claraspital, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Bettina K Wölnerhanssen
- St. Clara Research Ltd. at St. Claraspital, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Christin Meyer-Gerspach
- St. Clara Research Ltd. at St. Claraspital, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
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Hieronimus B, Medici V, Lee V, Nunez MV, Sigala DM, Bremer AA, Cox CL, Keim NL, Schwarz JM, Pacini G, Tura A, Havel PJ, Stanhope KL. Effects of Consuming Beverages Sweetened with Fructose, Glucose, High-Fructose Corn Syrup, Sucrose, or Aspartame on OGTT-Derived Indices of Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:151. [PMID: 38201980 PMCID: PMC10780640 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Clinical results on the effects of excess sugar consumption on insulin sensitivity are conflicting, possibly due to differences in sugar type and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) assessed. Therefore, we compared the effects of consuming four different sugars on insulin sensitivity indices derived from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). (2) Methods: Young adults consumed fructose-, glucose-, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-, sucrose-, or aspartame-sweetened beverages (SB) for 2 weeks. Participants underwent OGTT before and at the end of the intervention. Fasting glucose and insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose and insulin area under the curve, Surrogate Hepatic Insulin Resistance Index, Matsuda ISI, Predicted M ISI, and Stumvoll Index were assessed. Outcomes were analyzed to determine: (1) effects of the five SB; (2) effects of the proportions of fructose and glucose in all SB. (3) Results: Fructose-SB and the fructose component in mixed sugars negatively affected outcomes that assess hepatic insulin sensitivity, while glucose did not. The effects of glucose-SB and the glucose component in mixed sugar on muscle insulin sensitivity were more negative than those of fructose. (4) Conclusion: the effects of consuming sugar-SB on insulin sensitivity varied depending on type of sugar and ISI index because outcomes assessing hepatic insulin sensitivity were negatively affected by fructose, and outcomes assessing muscle insulin sensitivity were more negatively affected by glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hieronimus
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vivien Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
| | | | - Desiree M. Sigala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrew A. Bremer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chad L. Cox
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Nancy L. Keim
- United States Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95819, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Schwarz
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Tura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
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Guney C, Bal NB, Akar F. The impact of dietary fructose on gut permeability, microbiota, abdominal adiposity, insulin signaling and reproductive function. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18896. [PMID: 37636431 PMCID: PMC10447940 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive intake of fructose in the regular human diet could be related to global increases in metabolic disorders. Sugar-sweetened soft drinks, mostly consumed by children, adolescents, and young adults, are the main source of added fructose. Dietary high-fructose can increase intestinal permeability and circulatory endotoxin by changing the gut barrier function and microbial composition. Excess fructose transports to the liver and then triggers inflammation as well as de novo lipogenesis leading to hepatic steatosis. Fructose also induces fat deposition in adipose tissue by stimulating the expression of lipogenic genes, thus causing abdominal adiposity. Activation of the inflammatory pathway by fructose in target tissues is thought to contribute to the suppression of the insulin signaling pathway producing systemic insulin resistance. Moreover, there is some evidence that high intake of fructose negatively affects both male and female reproductive systems and may lead to infertility. This review addresses dietary high-fructose-induced deteriorations that are obvious, especially in gut permeability, microbiota, abdominal fat accumulation, insulin signaling, and reproductive function. The recognition of the detrimental effects of fructose and the development of relevant new public health policies are necessary in order to prevent diet-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fatma Akar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Liu J, Zhang M, Deng D, Zhu X. The function, mechanisms, and clinical applications of metformin: potential drug, unlimited potentials. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:389-407. [PMID: 36964307 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Metformin has been used clinically for more than 60 years. As time goes by, more and more miraculous effects of metformin beyond the clinic have been discovered and discussed. In addition to the clinically approved hypoglycemic effect, it also has a positive metabolic regulation effect on the human body that cannot be ignored. Such as anti-cancer, anti-aging, brain repair, cardiovascular protection, gastrointestinal regulation, hair growth and inhibition of thyroid nodules, and other nonclinical effects. Metformin affects almost the entire body in the situation taking it over a long period, and the preventive effects of metformin in addition to treating diabetes are also beginning to be recommended in some guidelines. This review is mainly composed of four parts: the development history of metformin, the progress of clinical efficacy, the nonclinical efficacy of metformin, and the consideration and prospect of its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Dan Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China.
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Mazi TA, Stanhope KL. Erythritol: An In-Depth Discussion of Its Potential to Be a Beneficial Dietary Component. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010204. [PMID: 36615861 PMCID: PMC9824470 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The sugar alcohol erythritol is a relatively new food ingredient. It is naturally occurring in plants, however, produced commercially by fermentation. It is also produced endogenously via the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Consumers perceive erythritol as less healthy than sweeteners extracted from plants, including sucrose. This review evaluates that perspective by summarizing current literature regarding erythritol's safety, production, metabolism, and health effects. Dietary erythritol is 30% less sweet than sucrose, but contains negligible energy. Because it is almost fully absorbed and excreted in urine, it is better tolerated than other sugar alcohols. Evidence shows erythritol has potential as a beneficial replacement for sugar in healthy and diabetic subjects as it exerts no effects on glucose or insulin and induces gut hormone secretions that modulate satiety to promote weight loss. Long-term rodent studies show erythritol consumption lowers body weight or adiposity. However, observational studies indicate positive association between plasma erythritol and obesity and cardiometabolic disease. It is unlikely that dietary erythritol is mediating these associations, rather they reflect dysregulated PPP due to impaired glycemia or glucose-rich diet. However, long-term clinical trials investigating the effects of chronic erythritol consumption on body weight and risk for metabolic diseases are needed. Current evidence suggests these studies will document beneficial effects of dietary erythritol compared to caloric sugars and allay consumer misperceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tagreed A. Mazi
- Department of Community Health Sciences-Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 530-752-3720
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Altintas F, Caliskan S, Tunc-Ata M, Kilic-Toprak E, Tokgun O, Avci NE, Kucukatay V. Investigation of fructose consumption on hippocampal insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors, and metabolic effects in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:1265-1271. [PMID: 37886000 PMCID: PMC10598819 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.70711.15369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The detrimental effects of high fructose consumption on metabolic health have been extensively studied. However, limited research has focused on the impact of fructose intake on neuroprotective mechanisms, specifically the expression of insulin receptor (INSR) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in the hippocampus. Understanding the effects of fructose on these neuroprotective molecules can provide valuable insights into the potential role of fructose in hippocampal dysfunction. The goal of this study is to aim at the basal plasma levels of lipid profile, insulin, GLP-1, and HOMA-IR, as well as the mRNA and protein expression of neuroprotective molecules such as INSR and GLP-1R in Wistar rats fed a high fructose diet. Materials and Methods Rats were separated into control (C) and high fructose (HF) groups. The HF group was given 20% fructose water to drink for 16 weeks. Results Fructose ingestion significantly increased abdominal fat (C=1.24±0.08 g, HF=1.79±0.19 g, P<0.05) and plasma triglyceride levels (C=179.22±22.85 µg/ml, HF=242.45±14.45 µg/ml, P<0.05), but had no statistically significant effect on body weight and plasma HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, insulin, and GLP-1 levels (P>0.05). Although INSR mRNA expression in the hippocampus was significantly lower in the HF group compared to the control group (P<0.05), GLP-1R mRNA expression did not differ significantly across the groups (P>0.05). Furthermore, whereas INSR and GLP-1R protein levels in the experimental group were on a declining trend, this trend was not substantially different (P>0.05). Conclusion These data suggest that fructose consumption may be harmful to the hippocampus by lowering the expression of INSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Altintas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Sadettin Caliskan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Melek Tunc-Ata
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Emine Kilic-Toprak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Onur Tokgun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Esra Avci
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir Demokrasi University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Vural Kucukatay
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Meléndez-Salcido CG, Ramírez-Emiliano J, Pérez-Vázquez V. Hypercaloric Diet Promotes Metabolic Disorders and Impaired Kidney Function. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3127-3139. [PMID: 36278446 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221020162955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Poor dietary habits such as overconsumption of hypercaloric diets characterized by a high content of fructose and fat are related to metabolic abnormalities development such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that if energy intake gradually exceeds the body's ability to store fat in adipose tissue, the prolonged metabolic imbalance of circulating lipids from endogenous and exogenous sources leads to ectopic fat distribution in the peripheral organs, especially in the heart, liver, and kidney. The kidney is easily affected by dyslipidemia, which induces lipid accumulation and reflects an imbalance between fatty acid supply and fatty acid utilization. This derives from tissue lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation, resulting in structural and functional changes that lead to glomerular and tubule-interstitial damage. Some authors indicate that a lipid-lowering pharmacological approach combined with a substantial lifestyle change should be considered to treat chronic kidney disease (CKD). Also, the new therapeutic target identification and the development of new drugs targeting metabolic pathways involved with kidney lipotoxicity could constitute an additional alternative to combat the complex mechanisms involved in impaired kidney function. In this review article, we first provide the pathophysiological evidence regarding the impact of hypercaloric diets, such as high-fat diets and high-fructose diets, on the development of metabolic disorders associated with impaired renal function and the molecular mechanisms underlying tissue lipid deposition. In addition, we present the current progress regarding translational strategies to prevent and/or treat kidney injury related to the consumption of hypercaloric diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Gabriela Meléndez-Salcido
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, 20 de enero, 929 Col. Obregón CP 37320. León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Joel Ramírez-Emiliano
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, 20 de enero, 929 Col. Obregón CP 37320. León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Victoriano Pérez-Vázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, 20 de enero, 929 Col. Obregón CP 37320. León, Guanajuato, México
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Lee D, Chiavaroli L, Ayoub-Charette S, Khan TA, Zurbau A, Au-Yeung F, Cheung A, Liu Q, Qi X, Ahmed A, Choo VL, Blanco Mejia S, Malik VS, El-Sohemy A, de Souza RJ, Wolever TMS, Leiter LA, Kendall CWC, Jenkins DJA, Sievenpiper JL. Important Food Sources of Fructose-Containing Sugars and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142846. [PMID: 35889803 PMCID: PMC9325155 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fructose providing excess calories in the form of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) increases markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Whether this effect holds for other important food sources of fructose-containing sugars is unclear. To investigate the role of food source and energy, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials of the effect of fructose-containing sugars by food source at different levels of energy control on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) markers. Methods and Findings: MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched through 7 January 2022 for controlled trials ≥7-days. Four trial designs were prespecified: substitution (energy-matched substitution of sugars for other macronutrients); addition (excess energy from sugars added to diets); subtraction (excess energy from sugars subtracted from diets); and ad libitum (energy from sugars freely replaced by other macronutrients). The primary outcome was intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL). Secondary outcomes were alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. The certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE. We included 51 trials (75 trial comparisons, n = 2059) of 10 food sources (sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs); sweetened dairy alternative; 100% fruit juice; fruit; dried fruit; mixed fruit sources; sweets and desserts; added nutritive sweetener; honey; and mixed sources (with SSBs)) in predominantly healthy mixed weight or overweight/obese younger adults. Total fructose-containing sugars increased IHCL (standardized mean difference = 1.72 [95% CI, 1.08 to 2.36], p < 0.001) in addition trials and decreased AST in subtraction trials with no effect on any outcome in substitution or ad libitum trials. There was evidence of influence by food source with SSBs increasing IHCL and ALT in addition trials and mixed sources (with SSBs) decreasing AST in subtraction trials. The certainty of evidence was high for the effect on IHCL and moderate for the effect on ALT for SSBs in addition trials, low for the effect on AST for the removal of energy from mixed sources (with SSBs) in subtraction trials, and generally low to moderate for all other comparisons. Conclusions: Energy control and food source appear to mediate the effect of fructose-containing sugars on NAFLD markers. The evidence provides a good indication that the addition of excess energy from SSBs leads to large increases in liver fat and small important increases in ALT while there is less of an indication that the removal of energy from mixed sources (with SSBs) leads to moderate reductions in AST. Varying uncertainty remains for the lack of effect of other important food sources of fructose-containing sugars at different levels of energy control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Laura Chiavaroli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Sabrina Ayoub-Charette
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Tauseef A. Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Andreea Zurbau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (Formerly GI Labs), Toronto, ON M5C 2N8, Canada
| | - Fei Au-Yeung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (Formerly GI Labs), Toronto, ON M5C 2N8, Canada
| | - Annette Cheung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Xinye Qi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Amna Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Vivian L. Choo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Vasanti S. Malik
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
| | - Russell J. de Souza
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Thomas M. S. Wolever
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (Formerly GI Labs), Toronto, ON M5C 2N8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lawrence A. Leiter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Cyril W. C. Kendall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - David J. A. Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - John L. Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-867-3732
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Vasishta S, Ganesh K, Umakanth S, Joshi MB. Ethnic disparities attributed to the manifestation in and response to type 2 diabetes: insights from metabolomics. Metabolomics 2022; 18:45. [PMID: 35763080 PMCID: PMC9239976 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) associated health disparities among different ethnicities have long been known. Ethnic variations also exist in T2D related comorbidities including insulin resistance, vascular complications and drug response. Genetic heterogeneity, dietary patterns, nutrient metabolism and gut microbiome composition attribute to ethnic disparities in both manifestation and progression of T2D. These factors differentially regulate the rate of metabolism and metabolic health. Metabolomics studies have indicated significant differences in carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism among ethnicities. Interestingly, genetic variations regulating lipid and amino acid metabolism might also contribute to inter-ethnic differences in T2D. Comprehensive and comparative metabolomics analysis between ethnicities might help to design personalized dietary regimen and newer therapeutic strategies. In the present review, we explore population based metabolomics data to identify inter-ethnic differences in metabolites and discuss how (a) genetic variations, (b) dietary patterns and (c) microbiome composition may attribute for such differences in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampara Vasishta
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104, Manipal, India
| | - Kailash Ganesh
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104, Manipal, India
| | | | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104, Manipal, India.
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Planetarium Complex Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal, 576104, Manipal, India.
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12
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Avignon A. Protecting the Liver: Should We Substitute Fruit Juices for Sugar-Sweetened Beverages? Diabetes Care 2022; 45:1032-1034. [PMID: 35561135 DOI: 10.2337/dci22-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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13
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Sigala DM, Hieronimus B, Medici V, Lee V, Nunez MV, Bremer AA, Cox CL, Price CA, Benyam Y, Abdelhafez Y, McGahan JP, Keim NL, Goran MI, Pacini G, Tura A, Sirlin CB, Chaudhari AJ, Havel PJ, Stanhope KL. The Dose-Response Effects of Consuming High Fructose Corn Syrup-Sweetened Beverages on Hepatic Lipid Content and Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:1648. [PMID: 35458210 PMCID: PMC9030734 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased hepatic lipid content and decreased insulin sensitivity have critical roles in the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the dose-response effects of consuming high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened beverages for two weeks on hepatic lipid content and insulin sensitivity in young (18-40 years) adults (BMI 18-35 kg/m2). In a parallel, double-blinded study, participants consumed three beverages/day providing 0% (aspartame: n = 23), 10% (n = 18), 17.5% (n = 16), or 25% (n = 28) daily energy requirements from HFCS. Magnetic resonance imaging for hepatic lipid content and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were conducted during 3.5-day inpatient visits at baseline and again at the end of a 15-day intervention. During the 12 intervening outpatient days participants consumed their usual diets with their assigned beverages. Significant linear dose-response effects were observed for increases of hepatic lipid content (p = 0.015) and glucose and insulin AUCs during OGTT (both p = 0.0004), and for decreases in the Matsuda (p = 0.0087) and Predicted M (p = 0.0027) indices of insulin sensitivity. These dose-response effects strengthen the mechanistic evidence implicating consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages as a contributor to the metabolic dysregulation that increases risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree M. Sigala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California—Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA; (D.M.S.); (B.H.); (V.L.); (M.V.N.); (C.A.P.); (Y.B.); (P.J.H.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of California—Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bettina Hieronimus
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California—Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA; (D.M.S.); (B.H.); (V.L.); (M.V.N.); (C.A.P.); (Y.B.); (P.J.H.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of California—Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA
- Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California—Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Vivien Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California—Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA; (D.M.S.); (B.H.); (V.L.); (M.V.N.); (C.A.P.); (Y.B.); (P.J.H.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of California—Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA
| | - Marinelle V. Nunez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California—Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA; (D.M.S.); (B.H.); (V.L.); (M.V.N.); (C.A.P.); (Y.B.); (P.J.H.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of California—Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA
| | - Andrew A. Bremer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California—Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Chad L. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA;
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Candice A. Price
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California—Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA; (D.M.S.); (B.H.); (V.L.); (M.V.N.); (C.A.P.); (Y.B.); (P.J.H.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of California—Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yanet Benyam
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California—Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA; (D.M.S.); (B.H.); (V.L.); (M.V.N.); (C.A.P.); (Y.B.); (P.J.H.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of California—Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yasser Abdelhafez
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California—Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (Y.A.); (J.P.M.); (A.J.C.)
| | - John P. McGahan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California—Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (Y.A.); (J.P.M.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Nancy L. Keim
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Michael I. Goran
- The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA;
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), 35127 Padova, Italy;
| | - Andrea Tura
- Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.T.); (C.B.S.)
| | - Claude B. Sirlin
- Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.T.); (C.B.S.)
| | - Abhijit J. Chaudhari
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California—Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (Y.A.); (J.P.M.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California—Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA; (D.M.S.); (B.H.); (V.L.); (M.V.N.); (C.A.P.); (Y.B.); (P.J.H.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of California—Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California—Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA; (D.M.S.); (B.H.); (V.L.); (M.V.N.); (C.A.P.); (Y.B.); (P.J.H.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of California—Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA
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14
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Doustmohammadian A, Pishgar E, Clark CCT, Sobhrakhshankhah E, Nikkhah M, Faraji AH, Motamed N, Mansourian MR, Amirkalali B, Maadi M, Kasaii MS, Ebrahimi H, Zamani F. Empirically-Derived Dietary Patterns in Relation to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases Among Adult Participants in Amol, Northern Iran: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. Front Nutr 2022; 9:821544. [PMID: 35419401 PMCID: PMC8995896 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.821544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary modifications remain the mainstay in managing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Published data on the effect of overall dietary patterns on NAFLD is scarce. The present study aims to extract the dietary patterns and investigate their association to NAFLD by gender, using structural equation modeling, among adult participants in Amol, northern Iran. In this cross-sectional study, data from 3,149 participants in the Amol cohort study (55.3% men, n = 1,741) were analyzed. Usual dietary intake was assessed by a validated 168-items semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. We classified major dietary patterns by explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). NAFLD diagnosis was based on ultrasound scanning, including increased hepatic echogenicity, abnormal appearance of hepatic arteries, and diaphragm in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption. Multivariable logistic regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and NAFLD. Three distinct dietary patterns, including western, healthy, and traditional/mixed dietary patterns, were identified. Adult male who adhere to the western dietary pattern were more affected with NAFLD risk [Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, odds ratio (OR) = 1, 1.16, 1.34, 1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.83–1.61, 0.96–1.85, 0.98–1.96, ptrend = 0.04, respectively]. A full mediating effect of healthy dietary pattern, western dietary pattern, and traditional dietary pattern via dietary acid load (DAL) proxy (of dietary patterns to DAL: βstd = −0.35, p < 0.006, βstd = 0.15, p = 0.009, and βstd = 0.08, p = 0.001, respectively), on NAFLD was found through mediation analysis using SEM. A western dietary pattern comprising frequent intake of salty and sweet snacks, soft drinks, refined grains, processed meats, cooked and fried potatoes, eggs, and coffee was associated with a higher odds of NAFLD in an Iranian male population. Additionally, our findings might provide a mechanistic explanation for the association between dietary patterns and NAFLD via DAL proxy. However, further prospective studies, including assessing acid-base biomarkers, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Doustmohammadian
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Pishgar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Elham Sobhrakhshankhah
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Faraji
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Motamed
- Department of Social Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Reza Mansourian
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Amirkalali
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Maadi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Kasaii
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Ebrahimi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Teysseire F, Bordier V, Budzinska A, Weltens N, Rehfeld JF, Holst JJ, Hartmann B, Beglinger C, Van Oudenhove L, Wölnerhanssen BK, Meyer-Gerspach AC. The Role of D-allulose and Erythritol on the Activity of the Gut Sweet Taste Receptor and Gastrointestinal Satiation Hormone Release in Humans: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2022; 152:1228-1238. [PMID: 35135006 PMCID: PMC9071322 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose induces the release of gastrointestinal (GI) satiation hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), in part via the activation of the gut sweet taste receptor (T1R2/T1R3). OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to investigate the importance of T1R2/T1R3 for the release of cholecystokinin (CCK), GLP-1, and PYY in response to D-allulose and erythritol by assessing the effect of the T1R2/T1R3 antagonist lactisole on these responses and as secondary objectives to study the effect of the T1R2/T1R3 blockade on gastric emptying, appetite-related sensations, and GI symptoms. METHODS In this randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover study, 18 participants (5 men) with a mean ± SD BMI (in kg/m2) of 21.9 ± 1.7 and aged 24 ± 4 y received an intragastric administration of 25 g D-allulose, 50 g erythritol, or tap water, with or without 450 parts per million (ppm) lactisole, respectively, in 6 different sessions. 13C-sodium acetate was added to all solutions to determine gastric emptying. At fixed time intervals, blood and breath samples were collected, and appetite-related sensations and GI symptoms were assessed. Data were analyzed with linear mixed-model analysis. RESULTS D-allulose and erythritol induced a significant release of CCK, GLP-1, and PYY compared with tap water (all PHolm < 0.0001, dz >1). Lactisole did not affect the D-allulose- and erythritol-induced release of CCK, GLP-1, and PYY (all PHolm > 0.1). Erythritol significantly delayed gastric emptying, increased fullness, and decreased prospective food consumption compared with tap water (PHolm = 0.0002, dz = -1.05; PHolm = 0.0190, dz = 0.69; and PHolm = 0.0442, dz = -0.62, respectively). CONCLUSIONS D-allulose and erythritol stimulate the secretion of GI satiation hormones in humans. Lactisole had no effect on CCK, GLP-1, and PYY release, indicating that D-allulose- and erythritol-induced GI satiation hormone release is not mediated via T1R2/T1R3 in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Teysseire
- St. Clara Research Ltd at St. Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valentine Bordier
- St. Clara Research Ltd at St. Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Budzinska
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Weltens
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lukas Van Oudenhove
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Bettina K Wölnerhanssen
- St. Clara Research Ltd at St. Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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