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Vitale F, Cacciottola L, Camboni A, Houeis L, Donnez J, Dolmans MM. Assessing the effect of adipose-tissue-derived stem cell conditioned medium on follicles and stromal cells in bovine ovarian tissue culture. Reprod Biomed Online 2024; 49:103938. [PMID: 38759499 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.103938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Does adipose-tissue-derived stem cell conditioned medium (ASC-CM) supplementation enhance follicle and stromal cell outcomes in vitro? DESIGN Bovine ovaries (n = 8) were sectioned and cultured in vitro for 8 days in two different groups: (i) standard culture (OT Ctrl D8); and (ii) culture with ASC-CM supplementation (OT + CM D8). Half of the culture medium was replaced every other day, and stored to measure the production of oestradiol. Follicle classification was established using haematoxylin and eosin staining. Follicle and stromal cell DNA fragmentation was assessed by TUNEL assays, while growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) staining served as a marker of follicle quality. Additionally, three factors, namely vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), were evaluated in ASC-CM in order to appraise the potential underlying mechanisms of action of ASC. RESULTS The OT + CM D8 group showed a significantly higher proportion of secondary follicles (P = 0.02) compared with the OT Ctrl D8 group. The OT + CM D8 group also demonstrated significantly lower percentages of TUNEL-positive follicles (P = 0.014) and stromal cells (P = 0.001) compared with the OT Ctrl D8 group. Furthermore, follicles in the OT + CM D8 group exhibited a significant increase (P = 0.002) in expression of GDF-9 compared with those in the OT Ctrl D8 group, and oestradiol production was significantly higher (P = 0.04) in the OT + CM D8 group. All studied factors were found to be present in ASC-CM. VEGF and IL-6 were the most widely expressed factors, while TGF-β1 showed the lowest expression. CONCLUSIONS Addition of ASC-CM to culture medium enhances follicle survival, development and oestradiol production, and promotes the viability of stromal cells. VEGF, IL-6 and TGF-β1 could be paracrine mediators underlying the beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Vitale
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luciana Cacciottola
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Camboni
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Pathology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lara Houeis
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Donnez
- Société de Recherche pour l'Infertilité, Brussels, Belgium; Professor Em, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Madeleine Dolmans
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gynaecology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
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Wu JF, Liu Y, Gong SN, Zi XD, Tan YG. Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the viability, apoptosis and steroidogenesis of yak (Bos grunniens) granulosa cells. Theriogenology 2023; 207:1-10. [PMID: 37245256 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is crucial for follicle development through the regulation of granulosa cell (GC) function in some mammals, but its mechanism is unclear in yak (Bos grunniens). Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of VEGF on the viability, apoptosis and steroidogenesis of yak GCs. First, we investigated the localization of VEGF and its receptor (VEGFR2) in yak ovaries by immunohistochemistry analysis and evaluated the effect of culture medium containing different VEGF concentrations and culture times on the viability of yak GCs by Cell Counting Kit-8. Then, optimal treatment with 20 ng/mL VEGF for 24 h was selected to analyze the effects of this compound on intracellular reactive oxygen species levels by DCFH-DA kit, cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry, steroidogenesis by ELISA kit and the expression of the related genes by RT‒qPCR. The results showed that VEGF and VEGFR2 were highly coexpressed in GCs and theca cells. GCs cultured in medium containing 20 ng/mL VEGF for 24 h significantly improved cell viability, decreased ROS production, promoted the transition from G1 phase to S phase (P < 0.05), increased the expression of the CCND1 (P < 0.05), CCNE1, CDK2, CDK4, and PCNA genes (P < 0.01) and decreased the expression of the P53 gene (P < 0.05). This treatment significantly reduced GC apoptosis (P < 0.05) by promoting the expression of BCL2 and GDF9 (P < 0.01) and inhibiting the expression of BAX and CASPASE3 (P < 0.05). VEGF promoted progesterone secretion (P < 0.05) accompanied by increased expression of HSD3B, StAR and CYP11A1 (P < 0.05). Taken together, our findings highlight the beneficial influence exerted by VEGF in improving GC viability and reducing ROS production and the apoptosis rate through the modulation of related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fei Wu
- The Key Laboratory for Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; Zigong Psychiatric Research Center, Zigong, 643020, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - San-Ni Gong
- The Key Laboratory for Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Xiang-Dong Zi
- The Key Laboratory for Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - You-Guo Tan
- Zigong Psychiatric Research Center, Zigong, 643020, PR China
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Guzmán A, Hernández-Coronado CG, Gutiérrez CG, Rosales-Torres AM. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system as a key regulator of ovarian follicle angiogenesis and growth. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:201-217. [PMID: 36966489 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) system is a complex set of proteins, with multiple isoforms and receptors, including both angiogenic (VEGFxxx, VEGFR2) and antiangiogenic members (VEGFxxxb, VEGFR1 and soluble forms of VEGFR). The members of the VEGF system affect the proliferation, survival, and migration of endothelial and nonendothelial cells and are involved in the regulation of follicular angiogenesis and development. The production of VEGF by secondary follicles stimulates preantral follicular development by directly affecting follicular cells and promoting the acquisition of the follicular vasculature and downstream antrum formation. Additionally, the pattern of expression of the components of the VEGF system may provide a proangiogenic milieu capable of triggering angiogenesis and stimulating follicular cells to promote antral follicle growth, whereas, during atresia, this milieu becomes antiangiogenic and blocks follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Guzmán
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Cyndi G Hernández-Coronado
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Carlos G Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana M Rosales-Torres
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Distrito Federal, México
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Guo Y, Liu M, Mfoundou JDL, Wang X. Expression and distribution patterns of VEGF, TGF‐β
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and HIF‐1α in the ovarian follicles of Tibetan sheep. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:2223-2229. [PMID: 36044612 PMCID: PMC9514499 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) are multifunctional growth factors that play an important role in follicular growth and development. However, its biological function in the follicular development of Tibetan sheep at different stages has not been described. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of VEGF, TGF‐β1 and HIF‐1α expression and distribution on the development of follicles of different sizes. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot (WB) and quantification real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) were used to detect the localisation and quantitative expression of VEGF, TGF‐β1 and HIF‐1α proteins and mRNA in small‐ (< 3 mm), medium‐ (3 mm < diameter < 5 mm)‐, and large‐ (> 5 mm) sized follicles. Results The results showed that the proteins VEGF, TGF‐β1 and HIF‐1α, as well as their mRNA, were expressed in follicles. However, the expression in medium‐sized follicles was significantly higher than that in large‐ and small‐sized follicles (p <0.05). IHC also showed that the proteins VEGF, TGF‐β1, and HIF‐1α were distributed in granulosa cells (GCs) in small‐, medium‐, and large‐sized follicles. Conclusions This study indicates that VEGF, TGF‐β1 and HIF‐1α, which operate in an autocrine or paracrine manner with the GCs, influence the follicular progressive growth, suggesting that these growth factors are closely associated with the follicular growth and development in ovarian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China
| | | | - Xinrong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China
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Martínez-Peña AA, Lee K, Pereira M, Ayyash A, Petrik JJ, Hardy DB, Holloway AC. Prenatal Exposure to Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Alters the Expression of miR-122-5p and Its Target Igf1r in the Adult Rat Ovary. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148000. [PMID: 35887347 PMCID: PMC9323798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As cannabis use during pregnancy increases, it is important to understand its effects on the developing fetus. Particularly, the long-term effects of its psychoactive component, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), on the offspring’s reproductive health are not fully understood. This study examined the impact of gestational THC exposure on the miRNA profile in adult rat ovaries and the possible consequences on ovarian health. Prenatal THC exposure resulted in the differential expression of 12 out of 420 evaluated miRNAs. From the differentially expressed miRNAs, miR-122-5p, which is highly conserved among species, was the only upregulated target and had the greatest fold change. The upregulation of miR-122-5p and the downregulation of its target insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (Igf1r) were confirmed by RT-qPCR. Prenatally THC-exposed ovaries had decreased IGF-1R-positive follicular cells and increased follicular apoptosis. Furthermore, THC decreased Igf1r expression in ovarian explants and granulosa cells after 48 h. As decreased IGF-1R has been associated with diminished ovarian health and fertility, we propose that these THC-induced changes may partially explain the altered ovarian follicle dynamics observed in THC-exposed offspring. Taken together, our data suggests that prenatal THC exposure may impact key pathways in the developing ovary, which could lead to subfertility or premature reproductive senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia A. Martínez-Peña
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (A.A.M.-P.); (A.A.)
| | - Kendrick Lee
- The Children’s Health Research Institute, The Lawson Health Research Institute, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (K.L.); (D.B.H.)
| | - Madison Pereira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.P.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Ahmed Ayyash
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (A.A.M.-P.); (A.A.)
| | - James J. Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.P.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Daniel B. Hardy
- The Children’s Health Research Institute, The Lawson Health Research Institute, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (K.L.); (D.B.H.)
| | - Alison C. Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (A.A.M.-P.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(905)-525-9140 (ext. 22130)
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Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol increases vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion through a cyclooxygenase-dependent mechanism in rat granulosa cells. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 111:59-67. [PMID: 35588954 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While the effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis, have been studied extensively in the central nervous system, there is limited knowledge about its effects on the female reproductive system. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of THC on the expression and secretion of the angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the ovary, and to determine if these effects were mediated by prostaglandins. Spontaneously immortalized rat granulosa cells (SIGCs) were exposed to THC for 24hours. Gene expression, proliferation and TNFα-induced apoptosis were evaluated in the cells and concentrations of VEGF and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a known regulator of VEGF production, were determined in the media. To evaluate the role of the prostanoid pathway, cells were pre-treated with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors prior to THC exposure. THC-exposed SIGCs had a significant increase in VEGF and PGE2 secretion, along with an increase in proliferation and cell survival when challenged with an apoptosis-inducing factor. Pre-treatment with COX inhibitors reversed the THC-induced increase in both PGE2 and VEGF secretion. Alterations in granulosa cell function, such as the ones observed after THC exposure, may impact essential ovarian processes including folliculogenesis and ovulation, which could in turn affect female reproductive health and fertility. With the ongoing increase in cannabis use and potency, further study on the impact of cannabis and its constituents on female reproductive health is required.
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7
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A review on inflammation and angiogenesis as key mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of bovine cystic ovarian disease. Theriogenology 2022; 186:70-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Herrero Y, Pascuali N, Velázquez C, Oubiña G, Hauk V, de Zúñiga I, Peña MG, Martínez G, Lavolpe M, Veiga F, Neuspiller F, Abramovich D, Scotti L, Parborell F. SARS-CoV-2 infection negatively affects ovarian function in ART patients. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166295. [PMID: 34718118 PMCID: PMC8550892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Several organs, such as the heart, breasts, intestine, testes, and ovaries, have been reported to be target tissues of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. To date, no studies have demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 infection in the female reproductive system. In the present study, we investigated the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on ovarian function by comparing follicular fluid (FF) from control and recovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and by evaluating the influence of these FF on human endothelial and non-luteinized granulosa cell cultures. Our results showed that most FFs (91.3%) from screened post COVID-19 patients were positive for IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, patients with higher levels of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 had lower numbers of retrieved oocytes. While VEGF and IL-1β were significantly lower in post COVID-19 FF, IL-10 did not differ from that in control FF. Moreover, in COV434 cells stimulated with FF from post COVID-19 patients, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), estrogen-receptor β (Erβ), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were significantly decreased, whereas estrogen-receptor α (ERα) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) did not change. In endothelial cells stimulated with post COVID-19 FF, we observed a decrease in cell migration without changes in protein expression of certain angiogenic factors. Both cell types showed a significantly higher γH2AX expression when exposed to post COVID-19 FF. In conclusion, our results describe for the first time that the SARS-CoV-2 infection adversely affects the follicular microenvironment, thus dysregulating ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamila Herrero
- Ovarian Pathophysiology Studies Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Pascuali
- Ovarian Pathophysiology Studies Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Candela Velázquez
- Ovarian Pathophysiology Studies Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Oubiña
- Ovarian Pathophysiology Studies Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Hauk
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Chemistry (IQUIBICEN), School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dalhia Abramovich
- Ovarian Pathophysiology Studies Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leopoldina Scotti
- Ovarian Pathophysiology Studies Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA) - CONICET - UNNOBA - UNSAdA, San Antonio de Areco, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Parborell
- Ovarian Pathophysiology Studies Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Mauro A, Berardinelli P, Russo V, Bernabò N, Martelli A, Nardinocchi D, Di Giacinto O, Turriani M, Barboni B. Effects of P 4 Antagonist RU486 on VEGF and Its Receptors' Signaling during the In Vivo Transition from the Preovulatory to Periovulatory Phase of Ovarian Follicles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13520. [PMID: 34948315 PMCID: PMC8706603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an adequate blood vessel network is crucial for the accomplishment of ovarian follicle growth and ovulation, which is necessary to support the proliferative and endocrine functions of the follicular cells. Although the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) through gonadotropins guides ovarian angiogenesis, the role exerted by the switch on of Progesterone (P4) during the periovulatory phase remains to be clarified. The present research aimed to investigate in vivo VEGF-mediated mechanisms by inducing the development of periovulatory follicles using a pharmacologically validated synchronization treatment carried out in presence or absence of P4 receptor antagonist RU486. Spatio-temporal expression profiles of VEGF, FLT1, and FLK1 receptors and the two major MAPK/ERKs and PI3K/AKT downstream pathways were analyzed on granulosa and on theca compartment. For the first time, the results demonstrated that in vivo administration of P4 antagonist RU486 inhibits follicular VEGF receptors' signaling mainly acting on the theca layer by downregulating the activation of ERKs and AKTs. Under the effect of RU486, periovulatory follicles' microarchitecture did not move towards the periovulatory stage. The present evidence provides new insights on P4 in vivo biological effects in driving vascular and tissue remodeling during the periovulatory phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata Mauro
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.B.); (V.R.); (N.B.); (A.M.); (D.N.); (O.D.G.); (M.T.); (B.B.)
| | - Paolo Berardinelli
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.B.); (V.R.); (N.B.); (A.M.); (D.N.); (O.D.G.); (M.T.); (B.B.)
| | - Valentina Russo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.B.); (V.R.); (N.B.); (A.M.); (D.N.); (O.D.G.); (M.T.); (B.B.)
| | - Nicola Bernabò
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.B.); (V.R.); (N.B.); (A.M.); (D.N.); (O.D.G.); (M.T.); (B.B.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council, A. Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Martelli
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.B.); (V.R.); (N.B.); (A.M.); (D.N.); (O.D.G.); (M.T.); (B.B.)
| | - Delia Nardinocchi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.B.); (V.R.); (N.B.); (A.M.); (D.N.); (O.D.G.); (M.T.); (B.B.)
| | - Oriana Di Giacinto
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.B.); (V.R.); (N.B.); (A.M.); (D.N.); (O.D.G.); (M.T.); (B.B.)
| | - Maura Turriani
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.B.); (V.R.); (N.B.); (A.M.); (D.N.); (O.D.G.); (M.T.); (B.B.)
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.B.); (V.R.); (N.B.); (A.M.); (D.N.); (O.D.G.); (M.T.); (B.B.)
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Rytelewska E, Kiezun M, Zaobidna E, Gudelska M, Kisielewska K, Dobrzyn K, Kaminski T, Smolinska N. CHEMERIN as a modulator of angiogenesis and apoptosis processes in the corpus luteum of pigs: An in vitro study. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:1002-1015. [PMID: 34192738 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus luteum (CL) undergoes rapid changes, and its functional capabilities are influenced by processes such as angiogenesis and apoptosis. According to the literature, chemerin - a protein which participates in the regulation of energy homeostasis and the immune response, may also affect angiogenesis and apoptosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effect of chemerin on angiogenesis and apoptosis in porcine luteal cells (Lc) during specific phases related to CL physiology. Luteal cells were harvested from gilts during the early-, mid-, and late-luteal phases of the estrous cycle. The cells were preincubated for 48 h and incubated for 24 h with chemerin or a serum-free medium (controls). The abundance of angiogenesis- and apoptosis-related proteins was determined by ELISA in spent culture media, or by ELISA and Western Blot in protein extracts. The current study demonstrated that chemerin stimulates the production of VEGF-A and bFGF by porcine Lc and increases the protein abundance of angiogenic factors receptors (VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, FGFR1, FGFR2) in these cells. The study also revealed that chemerin exerts a modulatory effect (stimulatory/inhibitory, depending on the phase of the cycle) on the protein abundance of Fas, FasL, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in porcine Lc. These results imply that chemerin may affect angiogenesis and apoptosis processes in the porcine CL, as evidenced by its modulatory effect of chemerin on the protein abundance of crucial angiogenesis- and apoptosis-related factors, observed in an in vitro study of porcine Lc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Rytelewska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Kiezun
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Zaobidna
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marlena Gudelska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kisielewska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kamil Dobrzyn
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Kaminski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Nina Smolinska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Das D, Saikia PJ, Gowala U, Sarma HN. Cell Specific Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (Flk-1/KDR) in Developing Mice Embryo and Supporting Maternal Uterine Tissue during Early Gestation (D4-D7). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2021; 15:148-157. [PMID: 33687169 PMCID: PMC8052796 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2021.134530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the corresponding receptors play key role in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis processes. VEGF is one of the prime candidates in regulating embryo implantation by increasing vascular permeability. VEGF receptor-2, also called Flk-1/KDR, is one of the prime receptor which is actively involved in the execution of various functions of VEGF. However, precise role of this receptor during early gestation period is yet to be addressed. In the present study, expression of Flk-1/KDR during peri-implantation mice uterus as well as fetal-maternal tissues from day 4-day 7 (D4-D7) of gestation was investigated. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, localization of Flk-1/KDR was investigated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques, in paraffin embedded tissue sections. Flk-1/KDR protein and mRNA expressions were investigated by western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. Effects of ovarian steroids on expression of Flk-1/KDR were also assessed by estrogen and progesterone antagonist treatment. Results Uterine tissue on D4 showed strong expression of Flk-1/KDR in luminal and uterine glandular epithelium. On D5 and D6, differential expression of Flk-1/KDR was evidenced in certain cell types of the embryo, maternal tissues and fetal-maternal interface with varied intensity. Flk-1/KDR was specifically expressed in the ectoplacental cone (EPC) and various cells of the embryo on D7. Flk-1/KDR expression was not evidenced in the estradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P4) antagonist treated uterus. Western blotting result revealed presence of Flk-1/KDR protein in the all gestation days, except antagonist treated uterus. qRT-PCR analysis showed significant increase of Flk-1/KDR mRNA transcript on D6 and D7. Conclusion Spatial-temporal expression of Flk-1/KDR during peri-implntation period in mice uterus especially in the feto-maternal interface was observed. This spatio-temporal specificity as well as increased expression of Flk-1/KDR could be one of the determinants for establishment of fetal-maternal cross talk during the critical period of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimpimoni Das
- Molecular Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Purba J Saikia
- Department of Zoology, Dhemaji College, Dhemaji, Assam, India.
| | - Upasa Gowala
- Molecular Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Hirendra N Sarma
- Molecular Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India
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Liu MM, Chen XH, Lu XM, Wang FF, Wang C, Liu Y, Li PL, Du BT, Liang S, Gong PD, Wang YX. Variations in the Profiles of Vascular-Related Factors Among Different Sub-Types of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Northern China. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 11:527592. [PMID: 33716949 PMCID: PMC7953058 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.527592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a growing body of evidence has suggested that abnormal ovarian angiogenesis, secondary to the imbalance between various angiogenic markers, is involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS, and this has led to the use of various interventions (such as Diane-35) to restore the normal ovarian angiogenesis. Therefore, we conducted the current investigation to determine the role of such markers (endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endostatin (ES), and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1)) in the pathogenesis of PCOS along with the associated changes in ovarian blood flow in patients with PCOS compared to healthy controls, both before and after a course of oral contraception. A total of 381 patients with PCOS and 98 healthy females of childbearing age were recruited from July 2014 to June 2017 at the Reproductive Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. The serum levels of VEGF, ES, and TSP-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while ovarian perfusion was measured by the pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) by using transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound. Repeated analyses were carried out after 3 months of Diane-35 treatment. Post-treatment serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio of patients with PCOS decreased significantly (P <0.05). The RI values of most PCOS patients increased after treatment (P<0.05), while PI was significantly increased in all patients (P<0.05). However, variable changes in the serum levels of TSP-1, VEGF, and ES after treatment were observed. Serum VEGF levels showed a negative correlation with serum LH/FSH ratio, T concentration, and ES (P <0.05), while ES levels were negatively correlated with serum T concentrations only (P<0.05). The markers of angiogenesis (VEGF, ES, and TSP-1) were expressed differently among PCOS patients, who also responded differently to the same course of Diane-35 treatment. This field still warrants further investigation to reach a more definitive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-mei Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Hernández-Morales J, Hernández-Coronado CG, Guzmán A, Zamora-Gutiérrez D, Fierro F, Gutiérrez CG, Rosales-Torres AM. Hypoxia up-regulates VEGF ligand and downregulates VEGF soluble receptor mRNA expression in bovine granulosa cells in vitro. Theriogenology 2021; 165:76-83. [PMID: 33640589 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen concentration (02) in antral ovarian follicles is below that found in most tissues, which is important for adequate granulosa cell function. The VEGF system is linked to angiogenesis and responds to changing 02 by stimulating neovascularization when levels are low. However, in the avascular granulosa cell layer of the follicle, VEGF action is directed to stimulating cell viability and steroidogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of 02 concentration on granulosa cell expression of the VEGF-system components. Bovine granulosa cells were isolated from medium-sized follicles (4-7 mm in diameter), placed in McCoy 5a medium supplemented with 10 ng/mL of insulin, 1 ng/mL of IGF-I, and 1 ng/mL of FSH, and cultured in four well plates (500 thousand cells per well), on three separate occasions. Culture plates were placed in gas-impermeable jars with a gas mixture containing either 2%, or 5% of O2, or under atmospheric air condition inside an incubator (20% of 02). Media was replaced at 48 h of culture and cells from the plate in each oxygen concentration were pooled for RNA extraction after 96 h. The number of mRNA copies for the VEGF-system components - including ligands (VEGF120, VEGF120b, VEGF165 and VEGF165b), enzymes (cyclin-dependent like kinases-1, CLK1 and serine-arginine protein kinase 1, SRPK1), splicing factors (serine-arginine-rich splicing factors, SRSF1 and SRSF6), and the membrane-bound (VEGFR1, VEGFR2) and soluble forms of the receptors (sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2) were quantified by qPCR. Granulosa cells cultured with low 02 (2%) had a higher expression of VEGF ligands (P < 0.05) when compared to cells cultured at 20% 02. VEGF164b mRNA was absent in granulosa cells from all culture conditions. The 2 and 5% 02 levels, which coincide with physiological concentrations, in the ovarian follicle, induced higher SRSF6 expression than atmospheric 02 concentrations (20%, P < 0.05). In contrast, mRNA copies for SRPK1, CLK1, SRSF1, VEGFR1 or VEGFR2 did not differ between 02 culture conditions. (P > 0.05). Nonetheless, mRNA copies for the soluble receptors, sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2, linearly increased (P < 0.05) with 02 concentration. These results suggest that when cultured under hypoxic conditions, granulosa cells may develop an autocrine milieu that favors VEGF's biological effects on their survival and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahdai Hernández-Morales
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Estudiante de Maestría en Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Cyndi G Hernández-Coronado
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adrian Guzmán
- Departamento Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Diana Zamora-Gutiérrez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Francisco Fierro
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos G Gutiérrez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana Ma Rosales-Torres
- Departamento Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Molecular Targets and Associated Signaling Pathways of Jingshu Granules in Ovarian Cysts Based on Systemic Pharmacological Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6660087. [PMID: 33623786 PMCID: PMC7875638 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6660087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background More than a third of women could develop ovarian cysts during their lifetime. Jingshu granules are used for the treatment of gynecological disease of primary dysmenorrhea. However, the molecular mechanisms of Jingshu granules in ovarian cysts are still unreported. We aimed to find the active ingredients, molecular targets, and potential signaling pathways of Jingshu granules in ovarian cysts by using the systemic pharmacological analysis. Methods Firstly, the effect of Jingshu granules on female hormones and reproductive organs of young female rats was evaluated. Secondly, candidate pharmaceutical ingredients of Jingshu granules were retrieved from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology (TCMSP) database and analysis platform. Potential protein targets for the active ingredients in Jingshu granules were then identified according to the oral bioavailability and drug-likeness indices. Thirdly, ovarian cyst-related gene targets were screened based on different databases. Finally, enrichment analysis was used to analyze the potential biological function of intersection targets between Jingshu granules and ovarian cysts. Results In young female rats, Jingshu granules reduced the secretion of estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin and could affect the development of the uterus. This suggested that Jingshu granules played roles in hormone secretion and reproduction. From the TCMSP, a total of 1021 pharmaceutical ingredients of Jingshu granules were retrieved. After further screening, a total of 166 active ingredients and 159 protein targets of Jingshu granules were identified. In addition, 4488 gene targets of ovarian cysts were screened out. After taking the intersection, a total of 110 intersection targets were identified between potential protein targets of Jingshu granules and gene targets of ovarian cysts. In the functional analysis of 110 intersection targets, 8 signaling pathways including progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation (MAPK8 and CDK1 involved), GnRH signaling pathway (JUN involved), T cell receptor signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway (MAPK1 involved), NOD-like receptor signaling pathway (TNF, IL6, and IL1B involved), p53 signaling pathway (CDK2 and CDK4 involved), VEGF signaling pathway (MAPK14 involved), and PPAR signaling pathway (PPARG involved) were obtained. Conclusion Our study revealed that Jingshu granules could function in patients with ovarian cysts through a number of molecular targets and signaling pathways. Our study may provide a new field into the mechanisms of Jingshu granules in ovarian cysts, from the molecular to the signaling pathway level.
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Gestational exposure to Δ 9-THC impacts ovarian follicular dynamics and angiogenesis in adulthood in Wistar rats. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:865-869. [PMID: 33407988 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420001282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
With the legalization of marijuana (Cannabis sativa) and increasing use during pregnancy, it is important to understand its impact on exposed offspring. Specifically, the effects of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the major psychoactive component of cannabis, on fetal ovarian development and long-term reproductive health are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of prenatal exposure to Δ9-THC on ovarian health in adult rat offspring. At 6 months of age, Δ9-THC-exposed offspring had accelerated folliculogenesis with apparent follicular development arrest, but no persistent effects on circulating steroid levels. Ovaries from Δ9-THC-exposed offspring had reduced blood vessel density in association with decreased expression of the pro-angiogenic factor VEGF and its receptor VEGFR-2, as well as an increase in the anti-angiogenic factor thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1). Collectively, these data suggest that exposure to Δ9-THC during pregnancy alters follicular dynamics during postnatal life, which may have long-lasting detrimental effects on female reproductive health.
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Ma M, Zhang J, Gao X, Yao W, Li Q, Pan Z. miR-361-5p Mediates SMAD4 to Promote Porcine Granulosa Cell Apoptosis through VEGFA. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091281. [PMID: 32899767 PMCID: PMC7563248 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular atresia is an inevitable degenerative process that occurs in mammalian ovarian follicles. The molecular events involved in atresia, particularly granulosa cell apoptosis, have long attracted researchers’ attention. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is downregulated during follicular atresia in porcine ovaries and serves as an inhibitor of apoptosis in granulosa cells. In addition, transforming growth factor (TGF)-βsignaling has been considered a central trigger in granulosa cell apoptosis. However, the link between TGF-β signaling and VEGFA is unknown. We proved that miR-361-5p is significantly upregulated during the atresia process and that it promotes GC apoptosis by directly targeting the VEGFA 3′UTR. In addition, we revealed that the miR-361-5p coding gene MIR361 was significantly downregulated by SMAD4, the central intracellular mediator of TGF-β signaling, that bound to the MIR361 promoter. In conclusion, our findings expanded what is known about VEGFA posttranscriptional regulation and revealed a complete SMAD4/miR-361-5p/VEGFA regulatory network in ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis. These data provide useful references for follicular atresia and ovarian physiological function studies.
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Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts Leaf Extract Influences in vitro Cell Proliferation and Angiogenesis on Primary Cultures of Porcine Aortic Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2984613. [PMID: 32908631 PMCID: PMC7450313 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2984613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts is an endemic species in Ecuador, where it is used as an anti-inflammatory plant to treat respiratory and digestive affections. In this work, effects of a Clinopodium tomentosum ethanolic extract (CTEE), prepared from aerial parts of the plant, were investigated on vascular endothelium functions. In particularly, angiogenesis activity was evaluated, using primary cultures of porcine aortic endothelial cells (pAECs). Cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence of CTEE different concentrations (10, 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml); no viability alterations were found in the 10-50 μg/ml range, while a slight, but significant, proliferative effect was observed at the highest dose. In addition, treatment with CTEE was able to rescue LPS-induced injury in terms of cell viability. The CTEE ability to affect angiogenesis was evaluated by scratch test analysis and by an in vitro capillary-like network assay. Treatment with 25-50 μg/ml of extract caused a significant increase in pAEC's migration and tube formation capabilities compared to untreated cells, as results from the increased master junctions' number. On the other hand, CTEE at 100 μg/ml did not induce the same effects. Quantitative PCR data demonstrated that FLK-1 mRNA expression significantly increased at a CTEE dose of 25 μg/ml. The CTEE phytochemical composition was assessed through HPLC-DAD; rosmarinic acid among phenolic acids and hesperidin among flavonoids were found as major phenolic components. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content assays showed that flavonoids are the most abundant class of polyphenols. The CTEE antioxidant activity was also showed by means of the DPPH and ORAC assays. Results indicate that CTEE possesses an angiogenic capacity in a dose-dependent manner; this represents an initial step in elucidating the mechanism of the therapeutic use of the plant.
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Rohilla S, Dureja H, Chawla V. Cytoprotective Agents to Avoid Chemotherapy Induced Sideeffects on Normal Cells: A Review. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2019; 19:765-781. [DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666190326120457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer agents play a vital role in the cure of patients suffering from malignancy. Though, the chemotherapeutic agents are associated with various adverse effects which produce significant toxic symptoms in the patients. But this therapy affects both the malignant and normal cells and leads to constricted therapeutic index of antimalignant drugs which adversely impacts the quality of patients’ life. Due to these adversities, sufficient dose of drug is not delivered to patients leading to delay in treatment or improper treatment. Chemoprotective agents have been developed either to minimize or to mitigate the toxicity allied with chemotherapeutic agents. Without any concession in the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs, they provide organ specific guard to normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Rohilla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hindu College of Pharmacy, Sonepat- 131001, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Vinay Chawla
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot-151203, India
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Association of serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and thrombospondin-1 to body mass index in polycystic ovary syndrome: a case-control study. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2019; 62:420-428. [PMID: 31777738 PMCID: PMC6856488 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2019.62.6.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecological endocrine disorder that is characterized by disturbances in ovarian blood flow and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the association of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) serum levels with the body mass index (BMI) in patients with PCOS compared with healthy subjects. Methods The study was conducted with 80 subjects in 3 PCOS groups, including normal weight, overweight, and obese PCOS groups, and a control group of healthy subjects (n=20). The participants in all groups completed a questionnaire comprising sociodemographic and obstetric questions. The PCOS diagnosis in the study subjects was confirmed based on the Rotterdam criteria, BMI was determined according to the World Health Organization guidelines, and the lipid accumulation product index was calculated for all groups. Venous blood samples were collected from all participants after fasting to measure the serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipids, insulin, VEGF, TSP-1, and leptin. Results Our findings showed that the serum VEGF level was significantly higher in the normal BMI PCOS group than that in the control group (P=0.03), and the TSP-1 level was significantly lower in the obese PCOS group than that in the control group (P=0.04). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that alterations in VEGF and TSP-1 concentrations are dependent on BMI. Because abnormal ovarian angiogenesis is considered to be the main feature of PCOS, the study of ovarian angiogenic imbalance is proposed as a new tool for PCOS diagnosis and management.
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Contribution of the VEGF system to the follicular persistence associated with bovine cystic ovaries. Theriogenology 2019; 138:52-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ishak GMA, Dutra GA, Gastal GDA, Gastal MO, Feugang JM, Gastal EL. Transition to the ovulatory season in mares: An investigation of antral follicle receptor gene expression in vivo. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1832-1845. [PMID: 31571308 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The inability to obtain in vivo samples of antral follicle wall layers without removing the ovaries or sacrificing the animals has limited more in-depth studies on folliculogenesis. In this study, a novel ultrasound-guided follicle wall biopsy (FWB) technique was used to obtain in vivo follicle wall layers and follicular fluid samples of growing antral follicles. The expression of proliferative, hormonal, angiogenic, and pro-/antiapoptotic receptors and proteins in the follicular wall among three follicle classes were compared during the spring transitional anovulatory (SAN) and spring ovulatory (SOV) seasons in mares. The main findings observed in the granulosa, theca interna, and/or all follicle layers during the SOV season compared with the SAN season were (a) small-sized follicles (10-14 mm) had greater epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Bcl-2 expression; (b) medium-sized follicles during the expected deviation/selection diameter (20-24 mm) had greater expression of EGFR, Ki-67, luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), and Bcl-2; and (c) dominant follicles (30-34 mm) had greater EGFR, Ki-67, vascular endothelial growth factor, LHR, and Bcl-2 expression. Estradiol related receptor alpha expression and intrafollicular estradiol concentration increased, along with an increase in follicle diameter in both seasons. In this study, the application of the FWB technique allowed a direct comparison of different receptors' expression among follicles in different stages of development and between two seasons using the same individuals, without jeopardizing their ovarian function. The successful utilization of the FWB technique and the mare as an experimental animal offer a great combination for future folliculogenesis studies on mechanisms of follicle selection, development, and ovulation in different species, including women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan M A Ishak
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois.,Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Gabriel A Dutra
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois
| | - Gustavo D A Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois
| | - Melba O Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois
| | - Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Eduardo L Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois
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Landry DA, Labrecque R, Grand FX, Vigneault C, Blondin P, Sirard MA. Effect of heifer age on the granulosa cell transcriptome after ovarian stimulation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 30:980-990. [PMID: 30447702 DOI: 10.1071/rd17225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic selection is accelerating genetic gain in dairy cattle. Decreasing generation time by using younger gamete donors would further accelerate breed improvement programs. Although ovarian stimulation of peripubertal animals is possible and embryos produced in vitro from the resulting oocytes are viable, developmental competence is lower than when sexually mature cows are used. The aim of the present study was to shed light on how oocyte developmental competence is acquired as a heifer ages. Ten peripubertal Bos taurus Holstein heifers underwent ovarian stimulation cycles at the ages of 8, 11 (mean 10.8) and 14 (mean 13.7) months. Collected oocytes were fertilised in vitro with spermatozoa from the same adult male. Each heifer served as its own control. The transcriptomes of granulosa cells recovered with the oocytes were analysed using microarrays. Differential expression of certain genes was measured using polymerase chain reaction. Principal component analysis of microarray data revealed that the younger the animal, the more distinctive the gene expression pattern. Using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) and NetworkAnalyst (www.networkanalyst.ca), the main biological functions affected in younger donors were identified. The results suggest that cell differentiation, inflammation and apoptosis signalling are less apparent in peripubertal donors. Such physiological traits have been associated with a lower basal concentration of LH.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Landry
- Centre de recherche en reproduction, développement et santé intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, G1V0A6, Canada
| | - Rémi Labrecque
- Boviteq Inc., 19320 Rang Grand Saint Francois Ouest, J2T 5H1, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - François-Xavier Grand
- Boviteq Inc., 19320 Rang Grand Saint Francois Ouest, J2T 5H1, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Vigneault
- Boviteq Inc., 19320 Rang Grand Saint Francois Ouest, J2T 5H1, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Blondin
- Boviteq Inc., 19320 Rang Grand Saint Francois Ouest, J2T 5H1, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc-André Sirard
- Centre de recherche en reproduction, développement et santé intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, G1V0A6, Canada
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Gao B, Xu Y, Liu H, Pan Z. Detection of the effects and potential interactions of FSH, VEGFA, and 2-methoxyestradiol in follicular angiogenesis, growth, and atresia in mouse ovaries. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:566-575. [PMID: 30806494 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian follicular development is a complex process that requires codevelopment of the perifollicular vascular network, which is closely regulated by angiogenic factors, gonadotropins, sex steroids, and their metabolites. To detect the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor 120 (VEGF120), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) on follicular angiogenesis during development and atresia, we treated sexually immature and mature female mice with VEGF120, FSH, 2ME2, and FSH receptor (FSHR) antagonist singly or in combination via intraperitoneal injection. The number of follicles and their perifollicular angiogenesis and atresia rates at different developmental stages were examined in paraffin sections after hematoxylin and eosin staining. The results showed that the exogenous factors have specific and precise effects on developmental, angiogenesis, and atresia processes in follicles of different sizes in mature and immature mice. Perifollicular angiogenesis was regulated by VEGFA and closely related to follicular development and atresia. 2ME2 affected angiogenesis through VEGFA and might regulate atresia directly. FSH might control VEGFA function via both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms because FSHR was required for achieving VEGFA functions at all the follicular development stages. The present study presents insights into the mechanisms of FSH, 2ME2, and VEGFA in follicular development and disorders and provides a foundation for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinxue Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengxiang Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Kakuta H, Iguchi T, Sato T. The Involvement of Granulosa Cells in the Regulation by Gonadotropins of Cyp17a1 in Theca Cells. In Vivo 2019; 32:1387-1401. [PMID: 30348693 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Theca cells produce androgen by 17α-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase encoded by Cyp17a1, and conversion of androgen to estrogen in granulosa cells is regulated by gonadotropins. Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) exhibit elevated levels of androgens due to high Cyp17a1 expression and alterations in gene expression in granulosa cells. The aim of this study was to examine the interaction between theca and granulosa cells in PCOS-model mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS To produce PCOS-model mice, neonatal mice were injected with 1 μg TP for 3 days from the day of birth. Gonadotropins were injected according to the superovulation protocol to 3-month-old control mice and PCOS-model mice. Histological changes and expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis, ovulation and luteinization were investigated by immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) induced the expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis in control prepubertal mice, whereas human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) reduced Cyp17a1 expression and induced phospho-ERK1/2 in granulosa cells. Cyp17a1 was reduced in PMSG-primed PCOS-model mice regardless of hCG injection, and PMSG induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in granulosa cells. CONCLUSION Phospho-ERK1/2 in granulosa cells can be correlated with reduced Cyp17a1 expression in theca cells, and the interaction between granulosa and theca cells may be impaired in PCOS-model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Kakuta
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sato
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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25
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Zamora‐Gutiérrez D, Guzmán A, Hernández‐Coronado CG, Castillo‐Juárez H, Fierro F, Gutiérrez CG, Bojalil R, Rosales‐Torres AM. Co‐ordinated expression of the VEGF system components in granulosa cells to develop a proangiogenic autocrine milieu during ovarian follicle development. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 86:156-165. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Zamora‐Gutiérrez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana XochimilcoCiudad de México México
| | - Adrian Guzmán
- Departamento Producción Agrícola y AnimalUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐XochimilcoCiudad de México México
| | - Cyndi G. Hernández‐Coronado
- Departamento Producción Agrícola y AnimalUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐XochimilcoCiudad de México México
| | - Héctor Castillo‐Juárez
- Departamento Producción Agrícola y AnimalUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐XochimilcoCiudad de México México
| | - Francisco Fierro
- Departamento de BiotecnologíaUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐IztapalapaCiudad de México México
| | - Carlos G. Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México México
| | - Rafael Bojalil
- Departamento de InmunologíaInstituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio ChávezCiudad de México México
- Departamento de Atención a la SaludUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana XochimilcoCiudad de México México
| | - Ana Ma. Rosales‐Torres
- Departamento Producción Agrícola y AnimalUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐XochimilcoCiudad de México México
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26
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Kandemir YB, Konuk E, Behram M, Sindel M. Effect of Melatonin on the Expression of VEGF-A and on the Degeneration of Follicle Reserve in Rat Ovary. Eurasian J Med 2018; 50:160-163. [PMID: 30515035 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2018.17361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the effects of melatonin on vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression and follicle reserve in rat ovary. Materials and Methods A total of 45 female Wistar rats were used in the present study. Rats were divided into three groups: group 1 (control), group 2 (vehicle), and group 3 (melatonin). Rats in the melatonin group were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of melatonin at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 56 days. We investigated VEGF-A expression in rat ovary in all the groups using Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Histopathological parameters were evaluated using light microscopy. Results The number of atretic follicles was significantly lower in the melatonin treatment rats than in the control rats (p<0.05); however, the number of antral follicles was significantly higher in the former (p<0.05). Additionally, we observed a weak immunoblot stain in the melatonin group for VEGF-A protein. Interestingly, melatonin treatment induced a significant decrease in VEGF-A expression in the ovary of group 3 rats (p<0.05), whereas no such difference was observed between group 1 and group 2 rats (p>0.05). Conclusion The present study demonstrates that the protective effect of melatonin on the degeneration of follicles in rat ovary is reduced by decreasing the VEGF-A expression. These results suggest that melatonin is effective against follicular atresia and preserves antral follicles, thus, offering a therapeutic advantage in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esma Konuk
- Department of Histology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Behram
- Department of Gynecology, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Sindel
- Department of Anatomy, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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27
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Leal ÉSS, Vieira LA, Sá NAR, Silva GM, Lunardi FO, Ferreira ACA, Campello CC, Alves BG, Cibin FWS, Smitz J, Figueiredo JR, Rodrigues APR. In vitro growth and development of isolated secondary follicles from vitrified caprine ovarian cortex. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 30:359-370. [PMID: 28768567 DOI: 10.1071/rd16487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the viability, antrum formation and in vitro development of isolated secondary follicles from vitrified caprine ovarian cortex in a medium previously established for fresh isolated secondary follicles, in the absence (α-minimum essential medium (α-MEM+) alone) or presence of FSH and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; α-MEM++FSH+VEGF). Ovarian fragments were distributed among five treatments (T1 to T5): fresh follicles were fixed immediately (T1), follicles from fresh tissue were cultured in vitro in α-MEM+ (T2) or α-MEM++FSH+VEGF (T3) and follicles from vitrified tissue were cultured in vitro in α-MEM+ (T4) or α-MEM++FSH+VEGF (T5). After 6 days of culture, treated follicles (T2, T3, T4 and T5) were evaluated for morphology, viability and follicular development (growth, antrum formation and proliferation of granulosa cells by Ki67 and argyrophilic nucleolar organiser region (AgNOR) staining). The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the culture media were also assessed. Overall, morphology of vitrified follicles was altered (P<0.05) compared with the fresh follicles. Follicular viability, antrum formation and ROS were similar between treatments (P>0.05). The average overall and daily follicular growth was highest (P<0.05) in T3. Granulosa cells in all treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) stained positive for Ki67. However, fresh follicles from T3 had significantly higher AgNOR staining (P<0.05) compared with follicles of T1, T2, T4 and T5. In conclusion, secondary follicles can be isolated from vitrified and warmed ovarian cortex and survive and form an antrum when growing in an in vitro culture for 6 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica S S Leal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceará, Av. Dr Silas Munguba, 1700 - Campus of Itaperi, Fortaleza - CE - CEP 60741-903, Brazil
| | - Luis A Vieira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceará, Av. Dr Silas Munguba, 1700 - Campus of Itaperi, Fortaleza - CE - CEP 60741-903, Brazil
| | - Naíza A R Sá
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceará, Av. Dr Silas Munguba, 1700 - Campus of Itaperi, Fortaleza - CE - CEP 60741-903, Brazil
| | - Gerlane M Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceará, Av. Dr Silas Munguba, 1700 - Campus of Itaperi, Fortaleza - CE - CEP 60741-903, Brazil
| | - Franciele O Lunardi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceará, Av. Dr Silas Munguba, 1700 - Campus of Itaperi, Fortaleza - CE - CEP 60741-903, Brazil
| | - Anna C A Ferreira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceará, Av. Dr Silas Munguba, 1700 - Campus of Itaperi, Fortaleza - CE - CEP 60741-903, Brazil
| | - Cláudio C Campello
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceará, Av. Dr Silas Munguba, 1700 - Campus of Itaperi, Fortaleza - CE - CEP 60741-903, Brazil
| | - Benner G Alves
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceará, Av. Dr Silas Munguba, 1700 - Campus of Itaperi, Fortaleza - CE - CEP 60741-903, Brazil
| | - Francielli W S Cibin
- University Federal of Pampa, Uruguaiana-Rio Grande do Sul, Av. General Osório, 900 - São Jorge Bagé, RS - CE - 96400-100, Brazil
| | - Johan Smitz
- Follicle Biology Laboratory, Center for Reproductive Medicine, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - José R Figueiredo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceará, Av. Dr Silas Munguba, 1700 - Campus of Itaperi, Fortaleza - CE - CEP 60741-903, Brazil
| | - Ana P R Rodrigues
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceará, Av. Dr Silas Munguba, 1700 - Campus of Itaperi, Fortaleza - CE - CEP 60741-903, Brazil
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Embryotropic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor on porcine embryos produced by in vitro fertilization. Theriogenology 2018; 120:147-156. [PMID: 30121547 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current research suggests that supplementing in vitro culture (IVC) media with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may have beneficial effects on the development of porcine embryos in vitro. However, the molecular signaling mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of VEGF on molecular signaling events during in vitro embryonic development of porcine embryos. Porcine oocytes matured in vitro were fertilized, and the resultant zygotes were cultured with 5 ng/mL of VEGF supplemented with or without fetal bovine serum from day 4 till day 7. Without VEGF and/or FBS served as the control group. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect expression patterns of apoptosis- and oxidative stress-related genes in day 7 blastocysts (BLs). Early-stage apoptosis was detected by annexin-V assays in day 2 and day 7 embryos. We found that the addition of VEGF throughout the culture period with or without FBS supplementation significantly improved embryo survival and development. Supplementation with VEGF in the IVC medium significantly increased early BL formation (p < 0.05), although addition of FBS on day 4 significantly increased hatched BL formation (p < 0.05) regardless of VEGF supplementation. However, supplementation of media with both VEGF and FBS increased the formation of expanded BLs synergistically. The average total cell numbers per BL were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in embryos supplemented with VEGF and FBS than in those supplemented with either VEGF or FBS alone. We also found that accumulation of reactive oxygen species in VEGF-treated embryos was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that in untreated embryos. The mRNA levels of caspase-3 were significantly lower (p < 0.05), and those of Bcl-2 and Nrf-2 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in embryos grown in VEGF-supplemented media than in embryos grown in non-supplemented media. Furthermore, on day 2, the numbers of viable embryos (44.06 ± 3.94%) and blastomeres (67.18 ± 3.60%) were significantly higher (p < 0.05), and the numbers of early apoptotic embryos (55.94 ± 3.94) and blastomeres (23.23 ± 4.22) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in VEGF-treated BLs than in controls. Furthermore, the numbers of early apoptotic cells in BLs on day 7 were also significantly lower (p < 0.05) in VEGF-treated BLs than in controls. Overall, our results indicate that supplementing IVC media with VEGF during in vitro culture of porcine embryos increases their developmental potential.
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29
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Bui TMT, Nguyễn KX, Karata A, Ferré P, Trần MT, Wakai T, Funahashi H. Presence of vascular endothelial growth factor during the first half of IVM improves the meiotic and developmental competence of porcine oocytes from small follicles. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:1902-1909. [PMID: 27938625 DOI: 10.1071/rd16321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the meiotic and developmental competence of porcine oocytes from small follicles (SF; 0.5-3mm diameter). When cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) from medium-sized follicles (MF; 3-6mm diameter) and SF were cultured for IVM, the maturation rates were significantly higher for oocytes from MF than SF. Concentrations of VEGF in the medium were significantly higher for COCs cultured from MF than SF. When COCs from SF were exposed to 200ngmL-1 VEGF during the first 20h of IVM, the maturation rate improved significantly and was similar to that of oocytes derived from MF. The fertilisability of oocytes was also significantly higher than that of VEGF-free SF controls. Following parthenogenetic activation, the blastocyst formation rate improved significantly when SF COC culture was supplemented with 200ngmL-1 VEGF, with the rate similar to that of oocytes from MF. The results of the present study indicate that VEGF markedly improves the meiotic and developmental competence of oocytes derived from SF, especially at a concentration of 200ngmL-1 during the first 20h of IVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tra M T Bui
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Khánh X Nguyễn
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Asako Karata
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Pilar Ferré
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Minh T Trần
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takuya Wakai
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Funahashi
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Tabecka-Lonczynska A, Mytych J, Solek P, Kulpa-Greszta M, Sowa-Kucma M, Koziorowski M. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) as potential regulators of seasonal reproductive processes in male European bison (Bison bonasus, Linnaeus 1758). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 263:72-79. [PMID: 29626449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors: vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) were reported to affect normal physiological reproductive processes in human, domestic and free living animals. Moreover, some reports suggest that VEGF-A and FGF-2 may be directly involved in the control of the annual reproductive cycle of seasonally breeding animals but detailed knowledge is still missing. Our study aimed to demonstrate the expression of mRNA and protein for both factors in the tissues of testis and epididymis (caput, corpus, cauda) at different periods of the year (March, June, November, December) in European bison as a model of seasonally breeding animal. Results suggest, that VEGF-A expression was more pronounced in testis than in epididymis and the highest expression was noted in December and June. Surprisingly, the highest protein accumulation was observed in June at the same level in all tissues analyzed. On the other hand, the highest FGF-2 mRNA expression was noted in testis in June and in epididymis in March. However, no differences in protein expression of FGF-2 were found between analyzed groups. The results indicate that both factors are necessary for proper functioning of the reproductive system and their levels differ seasonally. Perhaps, it is linked to increased need of these factors in the testis as well as epididymis during preparation for the reproductive functions. Moreover, VEGF-A and FGF-2 not only may regulate reproductive functions by affecting vascularization and cell nutrition, but it also may be possible that they possess protective functions by stabilizing the reproductive cells. Therefore, obtained results provide new insight into mechanisms underlying seasonal breeding of the male European bison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tabecka-Lonczynska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland.
| | - Jennifer Mytych
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Solek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kulpa-Greszta
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sowa-Kucma
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Smeta 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszow, Kopisto 2a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Marek Koziorowski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
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Dynes J, Osz K, Hooper A, Petrik J. Low-dose metronomic delivery of cyclophosphamide is less detrimental to granulosa cell viability, ovarian function, and fertility than maximum tolerated dose delivery in the mouse. Biol Reprod 2018; 97:449-465. [PMID: 29024988 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy can cause early menopause or infertility in women and have a profound negative impact on the quality of life of young female cancer survivors. Various factors are known to influence the risk of chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure, including the drug dose and treatment duration; however, the scheduling of dose administration has not yet been evaluated as an independent risk factor. We hypothesized that low-dose metronomic (LDM) chemotherapy scheduling would be less detrimental to ovarian function than the traditional maximum tolerated dose (MTD) strategy. In vitro, MTD cyclophosphamide exposure resulted in decreased proliferation and increased granulosa cell apoptosis, while cells treated with LDM cyclophosphamide were not different from untreated controls. Treatments of MTD cyclophosphamide induced high levels of follicle atresia and enhanced follicle recruitment in mice. In contrast, LDM delivery of an equivalent dose of cyclophosphamide reduced growing follicle numbers, but was not associated with higher levels of follicle atresia or recruitment. MTD cyclophosphamide induced significant vascular disruption and DNA damage in vivo, while LDM chemotherapy with equal cumulative amounts of cyclophosphamide was not different from controls. MTD chemotherapy also had a negative effect on mouse-fertility outcomes. Our findings suggest that LDM scheduling could potentially minimize the long-term effects of cyclophosphamide on female fertility by preventing follicle depletion from enhanced activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Dynes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kata Osz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allyssa Hooper
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jim Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Yao W, Li Q, Liu H, Pan Z. Initiation of follicular atresia: gene networks during early atresia in pig ovaries. Reproduction 2018; 156:23-33. [PMID: 29743261 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, more than 99% of ovarian follicles undergo a degenerative process known as atresia. The molecular events involved in atresia initiation remain incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to analyze differential gene expression profiles of medium antral ovarian follicles during early atresia in pig. The transcriptome evaluation was performed on cDNA microarrays using healthy and early atretic follicle samples and was validated by quantitative PCR. Annotation analysis applying current database (Sus scrofa 11.1) revealed 450 significantly differential expressed genes between healthy and early atretic follicles. Among them, 142 were significantly upregulated in early atretic with respect to healthy group and 308 were downregulated. Similar expression trends were observed between microarray data and quantitative RT-PCR confirmation, which indicated the reliability of the microarray analysis. Further analysis of the differential expressed genes revealed the most significantly affected biological functions during early atresia including blood vessel development, regulation of DNA-templated transcription in response to stress and negative regulation of cell adhesion. The pathway and interaction analysis suggested that atresia initiation associates with (1) a crosstalk of cell apoptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis rather than change of typical apoptosis markers, (2) dramatic shift of steroidogenic enzymes, (3) deficient glutathione metabolism and (4) vascular degeneration. The novel gene candidates and pathways identified in the current study will lead to a comprehensive view of the molecular regulation of ovarian follicular atresia and a new understanding of atresia initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wang Yao
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qifa Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengxiang Pan
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Effect of superstimulation on the expression of microRNAs and genes involved in steroidogenesis and ovulation in Nelore cows. Theriogenology 2018; 110:192-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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34
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Chiti MC, Dolmans MM, Lucci CM, Paulini F, Donnez J, Amorim CA. Further insights into the impact of mouse follicle stage on graft outcome in an artificial ovary environment. Mol Hum Reprod 2018; 23:381-392. [PMID: 28333304 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are mouse preantral follicles differently affected by isolation, encapsulation and/or grafting procedures according to stage? SUMMARY ANSWER Isolated secondary follicles showed superior ability to survive and grow after transplantation, which was not related to a particular effect of the isolation and/or grafting procedure, but rather to their own ability to induce neoangiogenesis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Isolated and encapsulated mouse preantral follicles can survive (6-27%) and grow (80-100%) in a fibrin matrix with a low concentration of fibrinogen and thrombin (F12.5/T1) after short-term transplantation. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION An in vivo experimental model using 20 donor Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice (6-25 weeks of age) and 14 recipient severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice (11-39 weeks of age) was applied. Each NMRI mouse underwent mechanical disruption of both ovaries and isolation of primordial-primary and secondary follicles with ovarian stromal cells, in order to encapsulate them in an F12.5/T1 matrix. Twelve out of 40 fibrin clots were immediately fixed as controls (D0) (10 for histology and 2 for scanning electron microscopy [SEM]) and the others (n = 28) were grafted to the inner part of the peritoneum for 2 (16 fibrin clots) or 7 (12 fibrin clots) days (D2 and D7). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS This study involved the participation of the Gynecology Research Unit (Universitè Catholique de Louvain) and the Physiological Sciences Department (University of Brasília). Specific techniques were used to analyze the follicle recovery rate (hematoxylin-eosin staining), vascularization (CD34) and follicle ultrastructure (transmission electron microscopy [TEM] and SEM). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE After follicle isolation and encapsulation, a statistically higher percentage of normal follicles was observed in the secondary group (62%) than in the primordial-primary group (47%). Follicle recovery rates were 34% and 62% for primordial-primary and secondary follicles on D2, respectively, and 12% and 42% on D7, confirming that secondary follicles survive better than primordial-primary follicles after grafting. Concerning vascularization, both follicle stages exhibited similar vascularization to that seen in control mouse ovary on D7, but a significantly higher number of vessels and greater vessel surface area were detected in the secondary follicle group. Despite structural differences in fiber density between fibrin clots and ovarian tissue observed by SEM and TEM, preantral follicles appeared to be well encapsulated in the matrix, also showing a normal ultrastructure after grafting. LARGE SCALE DATA Not applicable. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION As demonstrated by our results during the isolation procedure, we encapsulated a significantly higher number of round structures in the primordial-primary group than in the secondary group, which could partially explain the lower recovery rate of early-stage follicles in our previous study. However, it is not excluded that the physical and mechanical properties of the fibrin matrix may also play a role in follicle survival and growth, so further investigations are needed. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This research represents one more key step in the creation of the artificial ovary. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by grants from the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique de Belgique (FNRS) to C.A. Amorim as a research associate at FRS-FNRS and (grant 5/4/150/5 awarded to M.M. Dolmans), Fonds Spéciaux de Recherche, Fondation St Luc, Foundation Against Cancer, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES-Brazil) (grant #013/14 CAPES/WBI awarded to C.M. Lucci, with F. Paulini receiving a post-doctoral fellowship), and Wallonie-Bruxelles International, and donations from the Ferrero family. None of the authors have any competing interests to declare in relation to the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chiti
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 52, bte. B1.52.02, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M M Dolmans
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 52, bte. B1.52.02, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.,Gynecology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C M Lucci
- Physiological Sciences Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DFBrazil
| | - F Paulini
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 52, bte. B1.52.02, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Donnez
- Society for Research into Infertility, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - C A Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 52, bte. B1.52.02, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Rizov M, Andreeva P, Dimova I. Molecular regulation and role of angiogenesis in reproduction. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 56:127-132. [PMID: 28420494 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential process for proper functioning of the female reproductive system and for successful pregnancy realization. The multitude of factors required for physiological angiogenesis and the complexity of regulation of their temporal-spatial activities contribute to aberrations in human fertilization and pregnancy outcomes. In this study, we reviewed the current knowledge of the temporal expression patterns, functions, and regulatory mechanisms of angiogenic factors during foliculogenesis, early implantation/placentation and embryo development, as well as recurrent spontaneous abortions. Angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factors and angiopoietins have documented roles in the development of primordial follicles into mature antral follicles. They also participate in decidualization, which is accompanied by the creation of an extensive network of vessels in the stromal bed that support the growth of the embryo and the placenta, and maintain early pregnancy. During placentation angiogenic and angiomodulatory cytokines, T and B lymphocytes and macrophages affect angiogenesis in a context-dependent manner. Defects in angiogenesis at the maternal-fetal interface contribute to miscarriage in humans. The establishment of more polymorphisms in the genes involved in angiogenesis/vasculogenesis, and their pathological phenotype and expression could give opportunities for prediction, creating a therapeutic strategy, and treatment of diseases related to female reproductive health and problematic conception.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivanka Dimova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Abstract
Constant progress in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer disease has increased the number and prognosis of cancer survivors. However, the toxic effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on ovarian function have resulted in premature ovarian failure. Patients are, therefore, still expecting methods to be developed to preserve their fertility successfully. Several potential options are available to preserve fertility in patients who face premature ovarian failure, including immature or mature oocyte and embryo cryopreservation. However, for children or prepubertal women needing immediate chemotherapy, cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is the only alternative. The ultimate aim of this strategy is to implant ovarian tissue into the pelvic cavity (orthotopic site) or in a heterotopic site once oncological treatment is completed and the patient is disease free. Transplantation of ovarian tissue with sufficiently large numbers of follicles could potentially restore endocrine function and allow multiple cycles for conception. However, the success of ovarian tissue transplantation still has multiple challenges, such as the low number of follicles in the graft that may affect their longevity as well as the survival of the tissue during ex vivo processing and subsequent transplantation. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the achievements of ovary grafting and the potential techniques that have been developed to improve ovarian graft survival.
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Torres-Ortiz MC, Gutiérrez-Ospina G, Gómez-Chavarín M, Murcia C, Alonso-Morales RA, Perera-Marín G. The presence of VEGF and Notch2 during preantral-antral follicular transition in infantile rats: Anatomical evidence and its implications. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 249:82-92. [PMID: 28495268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Folliculogenesis is a process that depends on angiogenesis, in which VEGF and Notch signaling pathway members are involved. Although this pathway is present in preantral and antral follicular structures during the second stage of folliculogenesis, this association has not been described. Therefore, this study aimed to identify VEGF and Notch2 in ovary structures of infantile rats after induction of follicular development with a gonadotropin stimulus. In order to explore this possibility we analyzed rat ovary morphology from days 10-25 after birth; subsequently, the transition from preantral follicle to an antral stage was analyzed by the induction of follicular development with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and VEGF and Notch were identified in the rat ovary by fluorescence. The histological analysis revealed that the ovary of a 10-day-old rat has the highest percentage of preantral follicles and based on this a 10IU eCG dose promoted an increase in the number of antral follicles, as well as a decrease in the number of preantral follicles, related to which there was an increase in ovary weight and size. In addition, a higher concentration of circulating estradiol was observed, proliferation of granulosa cells in both follicle groups was stimulated, and the accumulation of VEGF in granulosa and theca cells and in the antral follicle oocyte was increased (p<0.05), whereas the presence of Notch2 was limited to mural granulosa cells, in granulosa cells that formed the cumulus oophorus and in the oocyte of both groups of follicles. The multiple correspondence analysis allowed us to support an association between VEGF and Notch2 during the transition from preantral to antral follicles in the ovary of an infantile rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minerva Carolina Torres-Ortiz
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Gutiérrez-Ospina
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico; Coordinación de Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Margarita Gómez-Chavarín
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Clara Murcia
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Rogelio A Alonso-Morales
- Departamento de Genética y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Perera-Marín
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
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Imai A, Ichigo S, Matsunami K, Takagi H, Kawabata I. Ovarian function following targeted anti-angiogenic therapy with bevacizumab. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 6:807-810. [PMID: 28588768 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvements in cancer therapy have enabled further insight into the long-term effects of treatment, including the highly prevalent gonadal failure. The focus of treatment has been shifted to the preservation of fertility, which may be achieved by preventing ovarian toxicity. To this end, new molecular-targeted agents, including monoclonal antibodies, have been developed and used in a standard procedure for managing different cancers. However, the prolonged antitumor activity of these drugs may cause the emergence of new toxic effects. The aim of the present review was to discuss the leading toxic effect of the anti-angiogenic agent bevacizumab on ovarian function in female patients of reproductive age, which may be observed and expected during in clinical practice. The majority of bevacizumab-induced side effects are expected to be transient and eliminated within the anticipated drug clearance time frame; however, fundamental investigations on these effects are required for generating more evidence-based practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Imai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Matsunami General Hospital, Kasamatsu, Gifu 501-6062, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ichigo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Matsunami General Hospital, Kasamatsu, Gifu 501-6062, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Matsunami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Matsunami General Hospital, Kasamatsu, Gifu 501-6062, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Matsunami General Hospital, Kasamatsu, Gifu 501-6062, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawabata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Matsunami General Hospital, Kasamatsu, Gifu 501-6062, Japan
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Mishra SR, Bharati J, Rajesh G, Chauhan VS, Taru Sharma G, Bag S, Maurya VP, Singh G, Sarkar M. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) synergistically promote steroidogenesis and survival of cultured buffalo granulosa cells. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 179:88-97. [PMID: 28238531 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the combined effect of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) on estradiol (E2) secretion and relative abundance of mRNA for aromatase enzyme (CYP19A1), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and BCL-2 associated X protein (BAX) in cultured buffalo granulosa cells (GCs). Follicles were isolated and classified into four groups based on size and E2 concentration in follicular fluid (FF): Small, 4-6mm diameter, E2<0.5ng/ml; Medium, 7-9mm, E2=0.5-5ng/ml; Large, 10-13mm, E2=5-40ng/ml; Preovulatory (PFs), >14mm, E2>180ng/ml. The GCs of PF were cultured in 24 well cell culture plates and allowed to become 75-80% confluent. Then cultured GCs were treated with FGF2 (200ng/ml) and VEGF-A (100ng/ml) separately and in combination for three incubation periods (24, 48 and 72h). Estradiol secretion was greater in GCs treated with FGF2+VEGF-A compared to FGF2 or VEGF-A at all incubation periods and was greatest (P<0.05) at 72h of incubation. The relative abundance of CYP19A1 and PCNA mRNA were relatively consistent with the amount E2 secretion. In contrast, the relative abundance of Bax mRNA was less in GCs treated with the combination of FGF2 and VEGF-A as compared to either FGF2 or VEGF-A alone and the least concentration (P<0.05) was at 72h of incubation. Findings with use of immunocytochemistry of cells treated with these factors were consistent to the relative abundance of mRNA transcript for the factor. The present findings indicate that FGF2 and VEGF-A may function in a synergistic manner to promote steroidogenesis and survival of cultured buffalo GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Mishra
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Jaya Bharati
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - G Rajesh
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - V S Chauhan
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - G Taru Sharma
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - S Bag
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - V P Maurya
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - G Singh
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - M Sarkar
- Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
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Ma WZ, Zheng XM, Hei CC, Zhao CJ, Xie SS, Chang Q, Cai YF, Jia H, Pei XY, Wang YR. Optimal FSH usage in revascularization of allotransplanted ovarian tissue in mice. J Ovarian Res 2017; 10:5. [PMID: 28095884 PMCID: PMC5240196 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgroud Ovarian transplantation is a useful method for preserving the fertility of young women with cancer who undergo radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is use to protect transplanted ovarian tissues from ischemia injury through promoting revascularization after transplantation, but the side effect of high level FSH is ovarian overstimulation leading to substantial follicular loss. In this study, we investigated the optimal usage of FSH on revascularization in the in vitro cultured ovarian tissues before and after transplantation. Results FSH mainly exhibited an additive response in the gene and protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) with its raised concentrations (0.15 IU/ml, 0.30 IU/ml and 0.60 IU/ml) and prolonged treatment (3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h). The concentrations with 0.60 IU/ml FSH could obviously promoted the expression of VEGF, bFGF and FSHR, but under this concentration FSH could also overstimulated the ovarian tissue leading to follicular loss. With the increase of culture time, the gene and protein expression of VEGF and bFGF both were up-regulated in all of the FSH added groups, but FSHR expression decreased when culture time exceeded 12 h. So we chose 0.30 IU/ml FSH added concentration and 6 h culture time as the FSH usage condition in functional revascularization verification experiment, and found that under this condition FSH promoted 2.5 times increase of vascular density in treated group than in control group after ovarian tissues transplantation. Conclusion Ovarian intervention with 0.30 IU/ml FSH for 6 h is an optimal FSH usage condition which could accelerate the revascularization in the allotransplanted ovarian tissue and can not produce ovarian overstimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetic of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli street No.1160, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiao-Min Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetic of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli street No.1160, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Chang-Chun Hei
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetic of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli street No.1160, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Cheng-Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetic of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli street No.1160, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Sha-Sha Xie
- The No, 1 People's Hospital of xingtai, Hongxing street No.16, No, Xingtai, 054000, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetic of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli street No.1160, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yu-Fang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetic of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli street No.1160, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Hua Jia
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetic of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli street No.1160, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Pei
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetic of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli street No.1160, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Yan-Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetic of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli street No.1160, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Donadeu FX, Mohammed BT, Ioannidis J. A miRNA target network putatively involved in follicular atresia. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2017; 58:76-83. [PMID: 27664382 PMCID: PMC5145806 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In a previous microarray study, we identified a subset of micro RNAS (miRNAs), which expression was distinctly higher in atretic than healthy follicles of cattle. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of those miRNAs in granulosa and theca cells during atresia. Reverse Transcription-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) confirmed that miR-21-5p/-3p, miR-150, miR-409a, miR-142-5p, miR-378, miR-222, miR-155, and miR-199a-5p were expressed at higher levels in atretic than healthy follicles (9-17 mm, classified based on steroidogenic capacity). All miRNAs except miR-21-3p and miR-378 were expressed at higher levels in theca than granulosa cells. The expression of 13 predicted miRNA targets was determined in follicular cells by RT-qPCR, revealing downregulation of HIF1A, ETS1, JAG1, VEGFA, and MSH2 in either or both cell types during atresia. Based on increases in miRNA levels simultaneous with decreases in target levels in follicular cells, several predicted miRNA target interactions were confirmed that are putatively involved in follicular atresia, namely miR-199a-5p/miR-155-HIF1A in granulosa cells, miR-155/miR-222-ETS1 in theca cells, miR-199a-5p-JAG1 in theca cells, miR-199a-5p/miR-150/miR-378-VEGFA in granulosa and theca cells, and miR-155-MSH2 in theca cells. These results offer novel insight on the involvement of miRNAs in follicle development by identifying a miRNA target network that is putatively involved in follicle atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F X Donadeu
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - B T Mohammed
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - J Ioannidis
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
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Thongkittidilok C, Wildt DE, Songsasen N. Responsiveness of intraovarian dog follicles in vitro to epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor depends on ovarian donor age. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 52 Suppl 2:114-122. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Thongkittidilok
- Center for Species Survival Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park Front Royal VA USA
| | - DE Wildt
- Center for Species Survival Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park Front Royal VA USA
| | - N Songsasen
- Center for Species Survival Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park Front Royal VA USA
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Ortega Serrano PV, Guzmán A, Hernández-Coronado CG, Castillo-Juárez H, Rosales-Torres AM. Reduction in the mRNA expression of sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2 is associated with the selection of dominant follicle in cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:985-991. [PMID: 27650571 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is essential for follicular development by promoting follicular angiogenesis, as well as for the proliferation and survival of granulosa cells. The biological effects of VEGF are regulated by two membrane receptors, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, and two soluble receptors, sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2, which play an antagonistic role. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the mRNA expression pattern of total VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2 in bovine preselected follicles (PRF) and post-selected follicles (POF). The mRNA expression of these five genes in both granulosa cells (GC) and theca cells (TC) was compared between follicles classified as PRF and POF based on their diameter and on their ratio of estradiol/progesterone (E2/P4). Results showed a lower expression of mRNA of sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2 in POF than in PRF (p < .05). Regarding the mRNA expression of total VEGF, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, there was no difference between POF and PRF follicles (p > .05). Our results showed that the mRNA expression of VEGFR2 and sVEGFR1 was more abundant than the expression of VEGFR1 and sVEGFR2, while GC was the main source of mRNA for total VEGF. On the other hand, TC was the follicular compartment where the receptors were most expressed. Our results suggest that non-dominant follicles maintain a greater concentration of the mRNA expression of both membrane and soluble VEGF receptors. On the other hand, follicular dominance is related to a reduction in the mRNA expression of sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2, which may favour VEGF binding with VEGFR2 and, hence, improve the follicular health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Ortega Serrano
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco Estudiante de Posgrado en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Guzmán
- Laboratorio Bioquímica de la Reproducción, Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - C G Hernández-Coronado
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco Estudiante de Posgrado en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Ciudad de México, México
| | - H Castillo-Juárez
- Laboratorio Bioquímica de la Reproducción, Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A M Rosales-Torres
- Laboratorio Bioquímica de la Reproducción, Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México
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Hernández-Coronado CG, Guzmán A, Rodríguez A, Mondragón JA, Romano MC, Gutiérrez CG, Rosales-Torres AM. Sphingosine-1-phosphate, regulated by FSH and VEGF, stimulates granulosa cell proliferation. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 236:1-8. [PMID: 27342378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive polar sphingolipid which stimulates proliferation, growth and survival in various cell types. In the ovary S1P has been shown protect the granulosa cells and oocytes from insults such as oxidative stress and radiotherapy, and S1P concentrations are greater in healthy than atretic large follicles. Hence, we postulate that S1P is fundamental in follicle development and that it is activated in ovarian granulosa cells in response to FSH and VEGF. To test this hypothesis we set out: i) to evaluate the effect of FSH and VEGF on S1P synthesis in cultured bovine granulosa cells and ii) to analyse the effect of S1P on proliferation and survival of bovine granulosa cells in vitro. Seventy five thousand bovine granulosa cells from healthy medium-sized (4-7mm) follicles were cultured in 96-well plates in McCoy's 5a medium containing 10ng/mL of insulin and 1ng/mL of LR-IGF-I at 37°C in a 5% CO2/air atmosphere at 37°C. Granulosa cell production of S1P was tested in response to treatment with FSH (0, 0.1, 1 and 10ng/mL) and VEGF (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100ng/mL) and measured by HPLC. Granulosa cells produced S1P at 48 and 96h, with the maximum production observed with 1ng/mL of FSH. Likewise, 0.01ng/mL of VEGF stimulated S1P production at 48, but not 96h of culture. Further, the granulosa cell expression of sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1), responsible for S1P synthesis, was demonstrated by Western blot after 48h of culture. FSH increased the expression of phosphorylated SK1 (P<0.05) and the addition of a SK1 inhibitor reduced the constitutive and FSH-stimulated S1P synthesis (P<0.05). Sphingosine-1-phosphate had a biphasic effect on granulosa cell number after culture. At low concentration S1P (0.1μM) increased granulosa cell number after 48h of culture (P<0.05) and the proportion of cells in the G2 and M phase of the cell cycle (P<0.05), whereas higher concentrations decreased cell number (10μM; P<0.05) by an increase (P<0.05) in the proportion of cells in apoptosis (hypodiploid cells). In addition, treatment with SK-178 suppressed the FSH- and VEGF-stimulated rise of the granulosa cells number (P<0.05). Interestingly, the effect of 0.1μM S1P on granulosa cell number and their proportion in G2/M phases is similar to that observed with 1ng/mL FSH. The results of this study are the first to demonstrate sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) synthesis in granulosa cells under the control of FSH and VEGF. The later achieved through the regulation of sphingosine kinase 1 expression. This S1P augments the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle that translates in increased granulosa cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Hernández-Coronado
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Estudiante del Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Mexico
| | - A Guzmán
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Departamento Producción Agrícola y Animal, Calzada del Hueso 1100, CP 04960 México City, Mexico
| | - A Rodríguez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510 México City, Mexico
| | - J A Mondragón
- CINVESTAV, I.P.N. Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Código Postal 07360 México City, Mexico
| | - M C Romano
- CINVESTAV, I.P.N. Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Código Postal 07360 México City, Mexico
| | - C G Gutiérrez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510 México City, Mexico
| | - A M Rosales-Torres
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Departamento Producción Agrícola y Animal, Calzada del Hueso 1100, CP 04960 México City, Mexico.
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Shimizu T. Molecular and cellular mechanisms for the regulation of ovarian follicular function in cows. J Reprod Dev 2016; 62:323-9. [PMID: 27097851 PMCID: PMC5004786 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovary is an important organ that houses the oocytes
(reproductive cell). Oocyte growth depends on the
function of follicular cells such as the granulosa
and theca cells. Two-cell two gonadotropin systems
are associated with oocyte growth and follicular
cell functions. In addition to these systems, it
is also known that several growth factors regulate
oocyte growth and follicular cell functions.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is
involved in thecal vasculature during follicular
development and the suppression of granulosa cell
apoptosis. Metabolic factors such as insulin,
growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor
1 (IGF-1) also play critical roles in the process
of follicular development and growth. These
factors are associated not only with follicular
development, but also with follicular cell
function. Steroid hormones (estrogens, androgens,
and progestins) that are secreted from follicular
cells influence the function of the female genital
tract and its affect the susceptibility to
bacterial infection. This review covers our
current understanding of the mechanisms by which
gonadotrophins and/or steroid hormones regulate
the growth factors in the follicular cells of the
bovine ovary. In addition, this review describes
the effect of endotoxin on the function of
follicular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shimizu
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Tsoulis MW, Chang PE, Moore CJ, Chan KA, Gohir W, Petrik JJ, Vickers MH, Connor KL, Sloboda DM. Maternal High-Fat Diet-Induced Loss of Fetal Oocytes Is Associated with Compromised Follicle Growth in Adult Rat Offspring. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:94. [PMID: 26962114 PMCID: PMC4861169 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.135004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity predisposes offspring to metabolic and reproductive dysfunction. We have shown previously that female rat offspring born to mothers fed a high-fat (HF) diet throughout pregnancy and lactation enter puberty early and display aberrant reproductive cyclicity. The mechanisms driving this reproductive phenotype are currently unknown thus we investigated whether changes in ovarian function were involved. Wistar rats were mated and randomized to: dams fed a control diet (CON) or dams fed a HF diet from conception until the end of lactation (HF). Ovaries were collected from fetuses at Embryonic Day (E) 20, and neonatal ovaries at Day 4 (P4), prepubertal ovaries at P27 and adult ovaries at P120. In a subset of offspring, the effects of a HF diet fed postweaning were evaluated. The present study shows that fetuses of mothers fed a HF diet had significantly fewer oocytes at E20, and in neonates, have reduced AMH signaling that may facilitate an increased number of assembled primordial follicles. Both prepubertally and in adulthood, ovaries show increased follicular atresia. As adults, offspring have reduced FSH responsiveness, low expression levels of estrogen receptor alpha (Eralpha), the oocyte-secreted factor, Gdf9, oocyte-specific RNA binding protein, Dazl, and high expression levels of the granulosa-cell derived factor, AMH, in antral follicles. Together, these data suggest that ovarian compromise in offspring born to HF-fed mothers may arise from changes already observable in the fetus and neonate and in the long term, associated with increased follicular atresia through adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Tsoulis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pauline E Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caroline J Moore
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn A Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wajiha Gohir
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James J Petrik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark H Vickers
- Liggins Institute and Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Aukland, New Zealand
| | - Kristin L Connor
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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47
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Montero-Pardo A, Diaz D, Olivares A, González-Padilla E, Murcia C, Gómez-Chavarín M, Gutiérrez-Ospina G, Perera-Marín G. Effect of ovine luteinizing hormone (oLH) charge isoforms on VEGF and cAMP production. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 163:35-47. [PMID: 26507528 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although an increase in VEGF expression and synthesis in association with LH has been established; it is unknown if all LH isoforms act similarly. This study evaluated the production of cAMP and VEGF among LH isoforms in two in vitro bioassays. The LH was obtained from hypophyses and the group of isoforms was isolated by chromatofocusing. cAMP production was assessed using the in vitro bioassay of HEK-293 cells and VEGF production was evaluated in granulosa cells. Immunological activity was measured with a homologous RIA. Immunoactivity and bioactivity for each isoform were compared against a standard, by estimating the IC50 and the EC50. The basic isoforms were more immunoactive than the standard. The neutral and the moderately acidic had an immunological activity similar to the standard. The acidic isoform was the least immunoreactive. cAMP production at the EC50 dose was similar among the basic isoforms, the moderately acidic and the standard; for the neutral and the acidic, the EC50 dose was higher. It was observed that compared with the control, VEGF production at the lowest LH dose was no different in the standard and each isoform. In the intermediate dose, a positive response was caused in the standard and the neutral and basic isoforms. Although the acidic isoform showed a dose-dependent response, it was not significant relative to the control. In conclusion, the basic isoform generated the greatest cAMP and VEGF production, similar to the reference standard, and the acidic the smallest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnulfo Montero-Pardo
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Diaz
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Aleida Olivares
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Medicina Reproductiva, UMAE Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 4 Luis Castelazo Ayala, IMSS, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Everardo González-Padilla
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
| | - Clara Murcia
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Margarita Gómez-Chavarín
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Gutiérrez-Ospina
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Perera-Marín
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
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48
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Araújo V, Gastal M, Wischral A, Figueiredo J, Gastal E. Long-term in vitro culture of bovine preantral follicles: Effect of base medium and medium replacement methods. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 161:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ortega HH, Veiga-Lopez A, Sreedharan S, del Luján Velázquez MM, Salvetti NR, Padmanabhan V. Developmental Programming: Does Prenatal Steroid Excess Disrupt the Ovarian VEGF System in Sheep? Biol Reprod 2015; 93:58. [PMID: 26178718 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.131607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal testosterone (T), but not dihydrotestosterone (DHT), excess disrupts ovarian cyclicity and increases follicular recruitment and persistence. We hypothesized that the disruption in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system contributes to the enhancement of follicular recruitment and persistence in prenatal T-treated sheep. The impact of T/DHT treatments from Days 30 to 90 of gestation on VEGFA, VEGFB, and their receptor (VEGFR-1 [FLT1], VEGFR-2 [KDR], and VEGFR-3 [FLT4]) protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry on Fetal Days 90 and 140, 22 wk, 10 mo (postpubertal), and 21 mo (adult) of age. Arterial morphometry was performed in Fetal Day 140 and postpubertal ovaries. VEGFA and VEGFB expression were found in granulosa cells at all stages of follicular development with increased expression in antral follicles. VEGFA was present in theca interna, while VEGFB was present in theca interna/externa and stromal cells. All three receptors were expressed in the granulosa, theca, and stromal cells during all stages of follicular development. VEGFR-3 increased with follicular differentiation with the highest level seen in the granulosa cells of antral follicles. None of the members of the VEGF family or their receptor expression were altered by age or prenatal T/DHT treatments. At Fetal Day 140, area, wall thickness, and wall area of arteries from the ovarian hilum were larger in prenatal T- and DHT-treated females, suggestive of early androgenic programming of arterial differentiation. This may facilitate increased delivery of endocrine factors and thus indirectly contribute to the development of the multifollicular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Héctor Ortega
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics and the Reproductive Sciences Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shilpa Sreedharan
- Department of Pediatrics and the Reproductive Sciences Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Melisa María del Luján Velázquez
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Natalia Raquel Salvetti
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics and the Reproductive Sciences Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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50
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Moore CJ, DeLong NE, Chan KA, Holloway AC, Petrik JJ, Sloboda DM. Perinatal Administration of a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Induces Impairments in Reproductive Function and Follicular Dynamics in Female Rat Offspring. Reprod Sci 2015; 22:1297-311. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719115578925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Moore
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Pediatrics McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pediatrics McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - N. E. DeLong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pediatrics McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - K. A. Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Pediatrics McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - A. C. Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pediatrics McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - J. J. Petrik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pediatrics McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - D. M. Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Pediatrics McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pediatrics McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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