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Costello HM, Sharma RK, McKee AR, Gumz ML. Circadian Disruption and the Molecular Clock in Atherosclerosis and Hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1757-1771. [PMID: 37355229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.06.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are crucial for maintaining vascular function and disruption of these rhythms are associated with negative health outcomes including cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Circadian rhythms are regulated by the central clock within the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and peripheral clocks located in nearly every cell type in the body, including cells within the heart and vasculature. In this review, we summarize the most recent preclinical and clinical research linking circadian disruption, with a focus on molecular circadian clock mechanisms, in atherosclerosis and hypertension. Furthermore, we provide insight into potential future chronotherapeutics for hypertension and vascular disease. A better understanding of the influence of daily rhythms in behaviour, such as sleep/wake cycles, feeding, and physical activity, as well as the endogenous circadian system on cardiovascular risk will help pave the way for targeted approaches in atherosclerosis and hypertension treatment/prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Costello
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
| | - Ravindra K Sharma
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Annalisse R McKee
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Joshi K, Das M, Sarma A, Arora MK, SInghal M, Kumar B. Insight on Cardiac Chronobiology and Latest Developments of Chronotherapeutic Antihypertensive Interventions for Better Clinical Outcomes. Curr Hypertens Rev 2023; 19:106-122. [PMID: 36624649 DOI: 10.2174/1573402119666230109142156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac circadian rhythms are an important regulator of body functions, including cardiac activities and blood pressure. Disturbance of circadian rhythm is known to trigger and aggravate various cardiovascular diseases. Thus, modulating the circadian rhythm can be used as a therapeutic approach to cardiovascular diseases. Through this work, we intend to discuss the current understanding of cardiac circadian rhythms, in terms of quantifiable parameters like BP and HR. We also elaborate on the molecular regulators and the molecular cascades along with their specific genetic aspects involved in modulating circadian rhythms, with specific reference to cardiovascular health and cardiovascular diseases. Along with this, we also presented the latest pharmacogenomic and metabolomics markers involved in chronobiological control of the cardiovascular system along with their possible utility in cardiovascular disease diagnosis and therapeutics. Finally, we reviewed the current expert opinions on chronotherapeutic approaches for utilizing the conventional as well as the new pharmacological molecules for antihypertensive chronotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Joshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Lloyd Institute of Management and Technology, Greater Noida, India
| | - Madhubanti Das
- Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Sarma
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, GIPS, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mandeep K Arora
- School of Pharmacy and population health informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Manmohan SInghal
- School of Pharmacy and population health informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Bhavna Kumar
- School of Pharmacy and population health informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
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3
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Caffeine suppresses high-fat diet-induced body weight gain in mice depending on feeding timing. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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4
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Lecour S, Du Pré BC, Bøtker HE, Brundel BJJM, Daiber A, Davidson SM, Ferdinandy P, Girao H, Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Gyöngyösi M, Hausenloy DJ, Madonna R, Marber M, Perrino C, Pesce M, Schulz R, Sluijter JPG, Steffens S, Van Linthout S, Young ME, Van Laake LW. Circadian rhythms in ischaemic heart disease: key aspects for preclinical and translational research: position paper of the ESC working group on cellular biology of the heart. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:2566-2581. [PMID: 34505881 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are internal regulatory processes controlled by molecular clocks present in essentially every mammalian organ that temporally regulate major physiological functions. In the cardiovascular system, the circadian clock governs heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac metabolism, contractility, and coagulation. Recent experimental and clinical studies highlight the possible importance of circadian rhythms in the pathophysiology, outcome, or treatment success of cardiovascular disease, including ischaemic heart disease. Disturbances in circadian rhythms are associated with increased cardiovascular risk and worsen outcome. Therefore, it is important to consider circadian rhythms as a key research parameter to better understand cardiac physiology/pathology, and to improve the chances of translation and efficacy of cardiac therapies, including those for ischaemic heart disease. The aim of this Position Paper by the European Society of Cardiology Working Group Cellular Biology of the Heart is to highlight key aspects of circadian rhythms to consider for improvement of preclinical and translational studies related to ischaemic heart disease and cardioprotection. Applying these considerations to future studies may increase the potential for better translation of new treatments into successful clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Lecour
- Department of Medicine, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bastiaan C Du Pré
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Henrique Girao
- Faculty of Medicine, Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School in Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Marber
- King's College London BHF Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies & Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin 10178, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Cardiology and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Luan J, Yang K, Ding Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Cui H, Zhou D, Chen L, Ma Z, Wang W, Zhang W, Liu X. Valsartan-mediated chronotherapy in spontaneously hypertensive rats via targeting clock gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:490-500. [PMID: 31794282 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1695840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of valsartan chronotherapy in regulating blood pressure variability. METHODS RT-PCR was used to assay clock genes expression rhythm in the hypothalamus, aortic vessels, and target organs after valsartan chronotherapy. WB was used to measure Period 1 (Per1), Period 2 (Per2) protein expression in aortic vessels, as well as to measure phosphorylation of 20-kDa regulatory myosin light chain (MLC20) in VSMCs. RESULTS Specific clock genes in the hypothalamus, and Per1 and Per2 in aorta abdominalis, exhibited disordered circadian expression in vivo. Valsartan asleep time administration (VSA) restored circadian clock gene expression in a tissue- and gene-specific manner. In vitro, VSA was more efficient in blocking angiotensin II relative to VWA, which led to differential circadian rhythms of Per1 and Per2, ultimately corrected MLC20 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION VSA may be efficacious in regulating circadian clock genes rhythm, then concomitantly correct circadian blood pressure rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Kui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Yanyun Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Haiju Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, XuanCheng Vocational and Technical college, XuanCheng, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Deixi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Zhangqing Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Wusan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
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6
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Feeding Rhythm-Induced Hypothalamic Agouti-Related Protein Elevation via Glucocorticoids Leads to Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910831. [PMID: 34639172 PMCID: PMC8509554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian phase shifts in peripheral clocks induced by changes in feeding rhythm often result in insulin resistance. However, whether the hypothalamic control system for energy metabolism is involved in the feeding rhythm-related development of insulin resistance is unknown. Here, we show the physiological significance and mechanism of the involvement of the agouti-related protein (AgRP) in evening feeding-associated alterations in insulin sensitivity. Evening feeding during the active dark period increased hypothalamic AgRP expression and skeletal muscle insulin resistance in mice. Inhibiting AgRP expression by administering an antisense oligo or a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mitigated these effects. AgRP-producing neuron-specific glucocorticoid receptor-knockout (AgRP-GR-KO) mice had normal skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity even under evening feeding schedules. Hepatic vagotomy enhanced AgRP expression in the hypothalamus even during ad-lib feeding in wild-type mice but not in AgRP-GR-KO mice. The findings of this study indicate that feeding in the late active period may affect hypothalamic AgRP expression via glucocorticoids and induce skeletal muscle insulin resistance.
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7
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Fang Z, Zhu L, Jin Y, Chen Y, Chang W, Yao Y. Downregulation of Arntl mRNA Expression in Women with Hypertension: A Case-Control Study. Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 46:741-748. [PMID: 34515147 PMCID: PMC8743905 DOI: 10.1159/000518669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that disturbance of endogenous circadian rhythms enhances the chance of hypertension and suggested that circadian clock genes could have a crucial function in the onset of the disease. This case-control study was aimed to investigate the association of the mRNA expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like (Arntl), clock circadian regulator (Clock), and period circadian regulators 1 and 2 (Per1 and Per2) with hypertension and blood pressure levels. METHODS A total of 172 subjects were recruited in this study, including 86 hypertension and 86 nonhypertension controls. The mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The differences in Arntl, Clock, Per1, and Per2 mRNA expression were compared between the 2 groups, and the relationship between mRNA expression and cardiometabolic risk profiles was also assessed. RESULTS We found that the mRNA expression of Arntl was downregulated in the hypertension cases compared with controls in women (1.10 [0.66, 1.71] vs. 1.30 [0.99, 2.06], p = 0.031). There was a significant negative correlation between the Arntl mRNA expression and SBP (r = -0.301, p = 0.004) and DBP (r = -0.222, p = 0.034) in women. In men, a negative correlation between the Per1 mRNA expression and SBP (r = -0.247, p = 0.026) was found. CONCLUSIONS The Arntl mRNA expression may play an important role in progression of hypertension in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmei Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yuelong Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Weiwei Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yingshui Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, China
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8
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Zhang J, Sun R, Jiang T, Yang G, Chen L. Circadian Blood Pressure Rhythm in Cardiovascular and Renal Health and Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060868. [PMID: 34207942 PMCID: PMC8230716 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) follows a circadian rhythm, it increases on waking in the morning and decreases during sleeping at night. Disruption of the circadian BP rhythm has been reported to be associated with worsened cardiovascular and renal outcomes, however the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not clear. In this review, we briefly summarized the current understanding of the circadian BP regulation and provided therapeutic overview of the relationship between circadian BP rhythm and cardiovascular and renal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (J.Z.); (R.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Ruoyu Sun
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (J.Z.); (R.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (J.Z.); (R.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Guangrui Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
| | - Lihong Chen
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (J.Z.); (R.S.); (T.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-411-86118984
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Yoshida Y, Matsunaga N, Nakao T, Hamamura K, Kondo H, Ide T, Tsutsui H, Tsuruta A, Kurogi M, Nakaya M, Kurose H, Koyanagi S, Ohdo S. Alteration of circadian machinery in monocytes underlies chronic kidney disease-associated cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2783. [PMID: 33986294 PMCID: PMC8119956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the circadian clock has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The CLOCK protein is a core molecular component of the circadian oscillator, so that mice with a mutated Clock gene (Clk/Clk) exhibit abnormal rhythms in numerous physiological processes. However, here we report that chronic kidney disease (CKD)-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis are attenuated in Clk/Clk mice even though they have high blood pressure and increased serum angiotensin II levels. A search for the underlying cause of the attenuation of heart disorder in Clk/Clk mice with 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) led to identification of the monocytic expression of G protein-coupled receptor 68 (GPR68) as a risk factor of CKD-induced inflammation and fibrosis of heart. 5/6Nx induces the expression of GPR68 in circulating monocytes via altered CLOCK activation by increasing serum levels of retinol and its binding protein (RBP4). The high-GPR68-expressing monocytes have increased potential for producing inflammatory cytokines, and their cardiac infiltration under CKD conditions exacerbates inflammation and fibrosis of heart. Serum retinol and RBP4 levels in CKD patients are also sufficient to induce the expression of GPR68 in human monocytes. Our present study reveals an uncovered role of monocytic clock genes in CKD-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Yoshida
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Glocal Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaharu Nakao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kengo Hamamura
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kondo
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Saiseikai Nagasaki Hospital, Katafuchi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akito Tsuruta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kurogi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Michio Nakaya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Facility of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Facility of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoru Koyanagi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Glocal Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Ohdo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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10
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Circadian variations of vasoconstriction and blood pressure in physiology and diabetes. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 57:125-131. [PMID: 33721615 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic vascular smooth muscle contraction and vasoconstriction show time-of-day variations, contributing to the blood pressure circadian rhythm, which is essential for cardiovascular health. This brief review provides an overview of our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the time-of-day variations of vascular smooth muscle contraction. We discuss the potential contribution of the time-of-day variations of vasoconstriction to the physiological blood pressure circadian rhythm. Finally, we survey the data obtained in the type 2 diabetic db/db mouse model that demonstrate the alterations of the time-of-day variations of vasoconstriction and the nondipping blood pressure in diabetes.
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11
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Ivy JR, Bailey MA. Nondipping Blood Pressure: Predictive or Reactive Failure of Renal Sodium Handling? Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:21-34. [PMID: 33325814 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00024.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure follows a daily rhythm, dipping during nocturnal sleep in humans. Attenuation of this dip (nondipping) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Renal control of sodium homeostasis is essential for long-term blood pressure control. Sodium reabsorption and excretion have rhythms that rely on predictive/circadian as well as reactive adaptations. We explore how these rhythms might contribute to blood pressure rhythm in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Ivy
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Bailey
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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12
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Zhang D, Colson JC, Jin C, Becker BK, Rhoads MK, Pati P, Neder TH, King MA, Valcin JA, Tao B, Kasztan M, Paul JR, Bailey SM, Pollock JS, Gamble KL, Pollock DM. Timing of Food Intake Drives the Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2020; 2:zqaa034. [PMID: 33415319 PMCID: PMC7772288 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Timing of food intake has become a critical factor in determining overall cardiometabolic health. We hypothesized that timing of food intake entrains circadian rhythms of blood pressure (BP) and renal excretion in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed ad libitum or reverse feeding (RF) where food was available at all times of day or only available during the 12-h lights-on period, respectively. Mice eating ad libitum had a significantly higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) during lights-off compared to lights-on (113 ± 2 mmHg vs 100 ± 2 mmHg, respectively; P < 0.0001); however, RF for 6 days inverted the diurnal rhythm of MAP (99 ± 3 vs 110 ± 3 mmHg, respectively; P < 0.0001). In contrast to MAP, diurnal rhythms of urine volume and sodium excretion remained intact after RF. Male Bmal1 knockout mice (Bmal1KO) underwent the same feeding protocol. As previously reported, Bmal1KO mice did not exhibit a diurnal MAP rhythm during ad libitum feeding (95 ± 1 mmHg vs 92 ± 3 mmHg, lights-off vs lights-on; P > 0.05); however, RF induced a diurnal rhythm of MAP (79 ± 3 mmHg vs 95 ± 2 mmHg, lights-off vs lights-on phase; P < 0.01). Transgenic PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE knock-in mice were used to assess the rhythm of the clock protein PERIOD2 in ex vivo tissue cultures. The timing of the PER2::LUC rhythm in the renal cortex and suprachiasmatic nucleus was not affected by RF; however, RF induced significant phase shifts in the liver, renal inner medulla, and adrenal gland. In conclusion, the timing of food intake controls BP rhythms in mice independent of Bmal1, urine volume, or sodium excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chunhua Jin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer A Valcin
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology
| | - Binli Tao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Jodi R Paul
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shannon M Bailey
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology
| | | | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - David M Pollock
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine,Address correspondence to D.M.P. (e-mail: )
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13
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Abstract
The Earth turns on its axis every 24 h; almost all life on the planet has a mechanism - circadian rhythmicity - to anticipate the daily changes caused by this rotation. The molecular clocks that control circadian rhythms are being revealed as important regulators of physiology and disease. In humans, circadian rhythms have been studied extensively in the cardiovascular system. Many cardiovascular functions, such as endothelial function, thrombus formation, blood pressure and heart rate, are now known to be regulated by the circadian clock. Additionally, the onset of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, arrhythmias and other adverse cardiovascular events show circadian rhythmicity. In this Review, we summarize the role of the circadian clock in all major cardiovascular cell types and organs. Second, we discuss the role of circadian rhythms in cardiovascular physiology and disease. Finally, we postulate how circadian rhythms can serve as a therapeutic target by exploiting or altering molecular time to improve existing therapies and develop novel ones.
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14
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Motohashi H, Tahara Y, Whittaker DS, Wang HB, Yamaji T, Wakui H, Haraguchi A, Yamazaki M, Miyakawa H, Hama K, Sasaki H, Sakai T, Hirooka R, Takahashi K, Takizawa M, Makino S, Aoyama S, Colwell CS, Shibata S. The circadian clock is disrupted in mice with adenine-induced tubulointerstitial nephropathy. Kidney Int 2020; 97:728-740. [PMID: 31948598 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is increasing in incidence and has become a worldwide health problem. Sleep disorders are prevalent in patients with CKD raising the possibility that these patients have a disorganized circadian timing system. Here, we examined the effect of adenine-induced tubulointerstitial nephropathy on the circadian system in mice. Compared to controls, adenine-treated mice showed serum biochemistry evidence of CKD as well as increased kidney expression of inflammation and fibrosis markers. Mice with CKD exhibited fragmented sleep behavior and locomotor activity, with lower degrees of cage activity compared to mice without CKD. On a molecular level, mice with CKD exhibited low amplitude rhythms in their central circadian clock as measured by bioluminescence in slices of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of PERIOD 2::LUCIFERASE mice. Whole animal imaging indicated that adenine treated mice also exhibited dampened oscillations in intact kidney, liver, and submandibular gland. Consistently, dampened circadian oscillations were observed in several circadian clock genes and clock-controlled genes in the kidney of the mice with CKD. Finally, mice with a genetically disrupted circadian clock (Clock mutants) were treated with adenine and compared to wild type control mice. The treatment evoked worse kidney damage as indicated by higher deposition of gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9) and adenine metabolites in the kidney. Adenine also caused non-dipping hypertension and lower heart rate. Thus, our data indicate that central and peripheral circadian clocks are disrupted in the adenine-treated mice, and suggest that the disruption of the circadian clock accelerates CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Motohashi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Tahara
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel S Whittaker
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Huei-Bin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Takahiro Yamaji
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Haraguchi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayu Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miyakawa
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koki Hama
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sakai
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rina Hirooka
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miku Takizawa
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saneyuki Makino
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Aoyama
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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15
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Zhang D, Pollock DM. Diurnal Regulation of Renal Electrolyte Excretion: The Role of Paracrine Factors. Annu Rev Physiol 2019; 82:343-363. [PMID: 31635525 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many physiological processes, including most kidney-related functions, follow specific rhythms tied to a 24-h cycle. This is largely because circadian genes operate in virtually every cell type in the body. In addition, many noncanonical genes have intrinsic circadian rhythms, especially within the liver and kidney. This new level of complexity applies to the control of renal electrolyte excretion. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that paracrine and autocrine factors, especially the endothelin system, are regulated by clock genes. We have known for decades that excretion of electrolytes is dependent on time of day, which could play an important role in fluid volume balance and blood pressure control. Here, we review what is known about the interplay between paracrine and circadian control of electrolyte excretion. The hope is that recognition of paracrine and circadian factors can be considered more deeply in the future when integrating with well-established neuroendocrine control of excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingguo Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA; ,
| | - David M Pollock
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA; ,
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16
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Molcan L, Sutovska H, Okuliarova M, Senko T, Krskova L, Zeman M. Dim light at night attenuates circadian rhythms in the cardiovascular system and suppresses melatonin in rats. Life Sci 2019; 231:116568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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17
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Otsuka A, Shiuchi T. Modification of Energy Metabolism and Higher Brain Function by Feeding Rhythm. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2018; 138:1297-1304. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Airi Otsuka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Tetsuya Shiuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
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18
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Yan X, Huang Y, Wu J. Identify Cross Talk Between Circadian Rhythm and Coronary Heart Disease by Multiple Correlation Analysis. J Comput Biol 2018; 25:1312-1327. [PMID: 30234379 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2017.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorder in circadian rhythm has been revealed as a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Several studies in molecular biology established a gene interaction network using coronary heart susceptibility genes and the circadian rhythm pathway. However, cross talk between genes was mostly discovered in single gene pairs. There might be combination sets of genes intergraded as a unit to regulate the network. To resolve multiple variables in coronary heart susceptibility genes controlling circadian rhythm pathways, a multiple correlation analysis was applied to the transcriptome. Nine genes, including CUGBP, Elav-like family member (CELF); sodium leak channel, nonselective (NALCN); protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B gamma (PPP2R2C); tubulin alpha 1c (TUBA1C); microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4); cofilin 1 (CFL1); myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7); QKI, KH domain containing RNA binding (QKI); and maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), from coronary heart susceptibility were identified to predict the outcome of a linear combination of circadian rhythm pathway genes with R factor more than 0.7. G protein subunit alpha o1 (GNAO1), protein kinase C gamma (PRKCG), RBX, and G protein subunit beta 1 (GNB1) in the circadian rhythm pathway are characterized as combination variables to coexpress with coronary heart susceptibility genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Yan
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Huang
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiabin Wu
- 2 Department of Nephrology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, China
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19
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Salazar ER, Richter HG, Spichiger C, Mendez N, Halabi D, Vergara K, Alonso IP, Corvalán FA, Azpeleta C, Seron-Ferre M, Torres-Farfan C. Gestational chronodisruption leads to persistent changes in the rat fetal and adult adrenal clock and function. J Physiol 2018; 596:5839-5857. [PMID: 30118176 DOI: 10.1113/jp276083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Light at night is essential to a 24/7 society, but it has negative consequences on health. Basically, light at night induces an alteration of our biological clocks, known as chronodisruption, with effects even when this occurs during pregnancy. Here we explored the developmental impact of gestational chronodisruption (chronic photoperiod shift, CPS) on adult and fetal adrenal biorhythms and function. We found that gestational chronodisruption altered fetal and adult adrenal function, at the molecular, morphological and physiological levels. The differences between control and CPS offspring suggest desynchronization of the adrenal circadian clock and steroidogenic pathway, leading to abnormal stress responses and metabolic adaptation, potentially increasing the risk of developing chronic diseases. ABSTRACT Light at night is essential to a 24/7 society, but it has negative consequences on health. Basically, light at night induces an alteration of our biological clocks, known as chronodisruption, with effects even when this occurs during pregnancy. Indeed, an abnormal photoperiod during gestation alters fetal development, inducing long-term effects on the offspring. Accordingly, we carried out a longitudinal study in rats, exploring the impact of gestational chronodisruption on the adrenal biorhythms and function of the offspring. Adult rats (90 days old) gestated under chronic photoperiod shift (CPS) decrease the time spent in the open arm zone of an elevated plus maze to 62% and increase the rearing time to 170%. CPS adults maintained individual daily changes in corticosterone, but their acrophases were distributed from 12.00 h to 06.00 h. CPS offspring maintained clock gene expression and oscillation, nevertheless no daily rhythm was observed in genes involved in the regulation and synthesis of steroids. Consistent with adult adrenal gland being programmed during fetal life, blunted daily rhythms of corticosterone, core clock gene machinery, and steroidogenic genes were observed in CPS fetal adrenal glands. Comparisons of the global transcriptome of CPS versus control fetal adrenal gland revealed that 1078 genes were differentially expressed (641 down-regulated and 437 up-regulated). In silico analysis revealed significant changes in Lipid Metabolism, Small Molecule Biochemistry, Cellular Development and the Inflammatory Response pathway (z score: 48-20). Altogether, the present results demonstrate that gestational chronodisruption changed fetal and adult adrenal function. This could translate to long-term abnormal stress responses and metabolic adaptation, increasing the risk of developing chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Salazar
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - H G Richter
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - C Spichiger
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - N Mendez
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - D Halabi
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - K Vergara
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - I P Alonso
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - F A Corvalán
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - C Azpeleta
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Health, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | - M Seron-Ferre
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Torres-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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20
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Nakashima A, Kawamoto T, Noshiro M, Ueno T, Doi S, Honda K, Maruhashi T, Noma K, Honma S, Masaki T, Higashi Y, Kato Y. Dec1 and CLOCK Regulate Na +/K +-ATPase β1 Subunit Expression and Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2018; 72:746-754. [PMID: 30012868 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Blood pressure shows a circadian rhythm, and recent studies have suggested the involvement of a molecular clock system in its control. In the clock system, the CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput):BMAL1 (brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein-1) heterodimer enhances promoter activity of clock genes, and DEC1 (BHLHE40/STRA13/SHARP-2) represses CLOCK/BMAL1-enhanced promoter activity through competition for binding to the clock element, CACGTG E-box. However, the molecular mechanisms by which this system regulates blood pressure remain unclear. Here, we show that DEC1 suppressed the expression of ATP1B1, which encodes the β1 subunit of the Na+/K+-ATPase and elevated blood pressure. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation-on-chip analyses, we found that DEC1 and CLOCK bound to E-boxes in the ATP1B1 promoter. Luciferase assays revealed that CLOCK:BMAL1 heterodimer enhanced transcription from the ATP1B1 promoter, whereas DEC1 suppressed this transactivation. Accordingly, Atp1b1 mRNA and protein levels in mouse kidney, aorta, and heart showed a circadian rhythm that was antiphasic to the blood pressure rhythm. Furthermore, Dec1-deficient mice showed enhanced Atp1b1 expression in these tissues and reduced blood pressure. In contrast, Clock-mutant mice showed reduced Atp1b1 expression and elevated blood pressure. Our results raise the possibility that transcriptional regulation of Atp1b1 by DEC1 and CLOCK:BMAL1 contributes to blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Nakashima
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (A.N., K.N., Y.H.)
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine (A.N.)
- Department of Nephrology (A.N., T.U., S.D., T. Masaki)
| | - Takeshi Kawamoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry (T.K., M.N., K.H., Y.K.)
| | - Mitsuhide Noshiro
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry (T.K., M.N., K.H., Y.K.)
| | | | - Shigehiro Doi
- Department of Nephrology (A.N., T.U., S.D., T. Masaki)
| | - Kiyomasa Honda
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry (T.K., M.N., K.H., Y.K.)
| | - Tatsuya Maruhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (T. Maruhashi), Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Kensuke Noma
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (A.N., K.N., Y.H.)
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research (K.N., Y.H.), Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Sato Honma
- Department of Chronomedicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (S.H.)
| | - Takao Masaki
- Department of Nephrology (A.N., T.U., S.D., T. Masaki)
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (A.N., K.N., Y.H.)
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research (K.N., Y.H.), Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry (T.K., M.N., K.H., Y.K.)
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21
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Black N, D'Souza A, Wang Y, Piggins H, Dobrzynski H, Morris G, Boyett MR. Circadian rhythm of cardiac electrophysiology, arrhythmogenesis, and the underlying mechanisms. Heart Rhythm 2018; 16:298-307. [PMID: 30170229 PMCID: PMC6520649 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a leading cause of cardiovascular death. It has long been accepted that life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and sudden cardiac death) are more likely to occur in the morning after waking. It is perhaps less well recognized that there is a circadian rhythm in cardiac pacemaking and other electrophysiological properties of the heart. In addition, there is a circadian rhythm in other arrhythmias, for example, bradyarrhythmias and supraventricular arrhythmias. Two mechanisms may underlie this finding: (1) a central circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus may directly affect the electrophysiology of the heart and arrhythmogenesis via various neurohumoral factors, particularly the autonomic nervous system; or (2) a local circadian clock in the heart itself (albeit under the control of the central clock) may drive a circadian rhythm in the expression of ion channels in the heart, which in turn varies arrhythmic substrate. This review summarizes the current understanding of the circadian rhythm in cardiac electrophysiology, arrhythmogenesis, and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Black
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia D'Souza
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yanwen Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Piggins
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Halina Dobrzynski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gwilym Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Boyett
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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22
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Developmental Programming of Capuchin Monkey Adrenal Dysfunction by Gestational Chronodisruption. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9183053. [PMID: 30186871 PMCID: PMC6109991 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9183053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the capuchin monkey (Cebus apella), a new-world nonhuman primate, maternal exposure to constant light during last third of gestation induces precocious maturation of the fetal adrenal and increased plasma cortisol in the newborn. Here, we further explored the effects of this challenge on the developmental programming of adrenal function in newborn and infant capuchin monkeys. We measured (i) plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) and cortisol response to ACTH in infants with suppressed endogenous ACTH, (ii) plasma DHAS and cortisol response to ACTH in vitro, and (iii) adrenal weight and expression level of key factors in steroid synthesis (StAR and 3β-HSD). In one-month-old infants from mothers subjected to constant light, plasma levels of cortisol and cortisol response to ACTH were twofold higher, whereas plasma levels of DHAS and DHAS response to ACTH were markedly reduced, compared to control conditions. At 10 months of age, DHAS levels were still lower but closer to control animals, whereas cortisol response to ACTH was similar in both experimental groups. A compensatory response was detected at the adrenal level, consisting of a 30% increase in adrenal weight and about 50% reduction of both StAR and 3β-HSD mRNA and protein expression and the magnitude of DHAS and cortisol response to ACTH in vitro. Hence, at birth and at 10 months of age, there were differential effects in DHAS, cortisol production, and their response to ACTH. However, by 10 months of age, these subsided, leading to a normal cortisol response to ACTH. These compensatory mechanisms may help to overcome the adrenal alterations induced during pregnancy to restore normal cortisol concentrations in the growing infant.
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23
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Ivy JR, Evans LC, Moorhouse R, Richardson RV, Al-Dujaili EAS, Flatman PW, Kenyon CJ, Chapman KE, Bailey MA. Renal and Blood Pressure Response to a High-Salt Diet in Mice With Reduced Global Expression of the Glucocorticoid Receptor. Front Physiol 2018; 9:848. [PMID: 30038578 PMCID: PMC6046455 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt-sensitive hypertension is common in glucocorticoid excess. Glucocorticoid resistance also presents with hypercortisolemia and hypertension but the relationship between salt intake and blood pressure (BP) is not well defined. GRβgeo/+ mice have global glucocorticoid receptor (GR) haploinsufficiency and increased BP. Here we examined the effect of high salt diet on BP, salt excretion and renal blood flow in GRβgeo/+mice. Basal BP was ∼10 mmHg higher in male GRβgeo/+ mice than in GR+/+ littermates. This modest increase was amplified by ∼10 mmHg following a high-salt diet in GRβgeo/+ mice. High salt reduced urinary aldosterone excretion but increased renal mineralocorticoid receptor expression in both genotypes. Corticosterone, and to a lesser extent deoxycorticosterone, excretion was increased in GRβgeo/+ mice following a high-salt challenge, consistent with enhanced 24 h production. GR+/+ mice increased fractional sodium excretion and reduced renal vascular resistance during the high salt challenge, retaining neutral sodium balance. In contrast, sodium excretion and renal vascular resistance did not adapt to high salt in GRβgeo/+ mice, resulting in transient sodium retention and sustained hypertension. With high-salt diet, Slc12a3 and Scnn1a mRNAs were higher in GRβgeo/+ than controls, and this was reflected in an exaggerated natriuretic response to thiazide and benzamil, inhibitors of NCC and ENaC, respectively. Reduction in GR expression causes salt-sensitivity and an adaptive failure of the renal vasculature and tubule, most likely reflecting sustained mineralocorticoid receptor activation. This provides a mechanistic basis to understand the hypertension associated with loss-of-function polymorphisms in GR in the context of habitually high salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Ivy
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Louise C Evans
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Moorhouse
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel V Richardson
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emad A S Al-Dujaili
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W Flatman
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Kenyon
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E Chapman
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Bailey
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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24
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Douma LG, Gumz ML. Circadian clock-mediated regulation of blood pressure. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:108-114. [PMID: 29198725 PMCID: PMC5910276 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Most bodily functions vary over the course of a 24h day. Circadian rhythms in body temperature, sleep-wake cycles, metabolism, and blood pressure (BP) are just a few examples. These circadian rhythms are controlled by the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and peripheral clocks located throughout the body. Light and food cues entrain these clocks to the time of day and this synchronicity contributes to the regulation of a variety of physiological processes with effects on overall health. The kidney, brain, nervous system, vasculature, and heart have been identified through the use of mouse models and clinical trials as peripheral clock regulators of BP. The dysregulation of this circadian pattern of BP, with or without hypertension, is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. The mechanism of this dysregulation is unknown and is a growing area of research. In this review, we highlight research of human and mouse circadian models that has provided insight into the roles of these molecular clocks and their effects on physiological functions. Additional tissue-specific studies of the molecular clock mechanism are needed, as well as clinical studies including more diverse populations (different races, female patients, etc.), which will be critical to fully understand the mechanism of circadian regulation of BP. Understanding how these molecular clocks regulate the circadian rhythm of BP is critical in the treatment of circadian BP dysregulation and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Douma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
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Matsunaga T, Matsunaga N, Kusunose N, Ikeda E, Okazaki H, Kakimoto K, Hamamura K, Koyanagi S, Ohdo S. Angiotensin-II regulates dosing time-dependent intratumoral accumulation of macromolecular drug formulations via 24-h blood pressure rhythm in tumor-bearing mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:86-91. [PMID: 29470987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
One approach to increasing pharmacotherapy effects is administering drugs at times of day when they are most effective and/or best tolerated. Circadian variation in expression of pharmacokinetics- and pharmacodynamics-related genes was shown to contribute to dosing time-dependent differences in therapeutic effects of small molecule drugs. However, influence of dosing time of day on effects of high molecular weight formulations, such as drugs encapsulated in liposomes, has not been studied in detail. This study demonstrates that blood pressure rhythm affects dosing time-dependent variation in effects of high molecular weight formulations. Systolic blood pressure in sarcoma 180-bearing mice showed significant 24-h oscillation. Intratumoral accumulation of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA), an indicator of tumor vascular permeability, varied with dosing time of day, matching phases of blood pressure circadian rhythm. Furthermore, intratumoral accumulation of liposome-encapsulated oxaliplatin (Lipo-L-OHP) increased with increases in systolic blood pressure. Our findings suggest that circadian blood pressure oscillations may be an important factor to consider in dosing strategies for macromolecular drugs and liposomes in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8512, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8512, Japan; Department of Glocal Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naoki Kusunose
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8512, Japan
| | - Eriko Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Biology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okazaki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kakimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8512, Japan
| | - Kengo Hamamura
- First Department of Pharmacology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
| | - Satoru Koyanagi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8512, Japan; Department of Glocal Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Ohdo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8512, Japan
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26
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Hasegawa A, Watanabe M, Osada H, Ogawa M, Ohno H, Yanuma N, Sasaki K, Shimoda M, Shirai J, Ohmori K. Influence of glucocorticoids on time-of-day-dependent variations in IgE-, histamine-, and platelet-activating factor-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in different mouse strains. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:2184-2188. [PMID: 29269296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A time-of-day-dependent variation in IgE-mediated passive systemic anaphylaxis was previously reported in ICR mice. In the present study, we investigated time-of-day-dependent variations in IgE-, histamine-, and platelet-activating factor (PAF)-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in C57BL/6, BALB/c, and NC/Nga mice at 9:00 h and 21:00 h, and evaluated the potential influence of glucocorticoids (GCs) on these variations. We found significant time-of-day-dependent variations in IgE-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in C57BL/6 mice, and in histamine- and PAF-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in BALB/c mice. Significant daily variations in IgE-, histamine-, and PAF-mediated systemic anaphylaxis were not observed in NC/Nga mice. Pretreatment with dexamethasone and adrenalectomy abolished the daily variations in IgE-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in C57BL/6 mice and in PAF-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in BALB/c mice, suggesting that GCs from adrenal glands are pivotal in regulating these variations. In contrast, pretreatment with dexamethasone and adrenalectomy did not abolish the daily variation in histamine-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in BALB/c mice, suggesting that GC-independent and adrenal gland-independent mechanisms are important for the variation. The present study demonstrated that time-of-day-dependent variations in systemic anaphylaxis differed among inbred mouse strains and with anaphylaxis-inducing substances. Thus, mouse strains, time of experiment, and anaphylaxis-inducing substances used must be considered to obtain appropriate experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Hasegawa
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Miwa Watanabe
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hironari Osada
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Misato Ogawa
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hikaru Ohno
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Nanako Yanuma
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Minoru Shimoda
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Junsuke Shirai
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Keitaro Ohmori
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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27
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Fletcher EK, Morgan J, Kennaway DR, Bienvenu LA, Rickard AJ, Delbridge LMD, Fuller PJ, Clyne CD, Young MJ. Deoxycorticosterone/Salt-Mediated Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis Are Dependent on Functional CLOCK Signaling in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2906-2917. [PMID: 28911177 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) promotes inflammation, fibrosis, and hypertension. Clinical and experimental studies show that MR antagonists have significant therapeutic benefit for all-cause heart failure; however, blockade of renal MRs limits their widespread use. Identification of key downstream signaling mechanisms for the MR in the cardiovascular system may enable development of targeted MR antagonists with selectivity for pathological MR signaling and lower impact on physiological renal electrolyte handling. One candidate pathway is the circadian clock, the dysregulation of which is associated with cardiovascular diseases. We have previously shown that the circadian gene Per2 is dysregulated in hearts with selective deletion of cardiomyocyte MR. We therefore investigated MR-mediated cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in mice that lack normal regulation and oscillation of the circadian clock in peripheral tissues, that is, CLOCKΔ19 mutant mice. The characteristic cardiac inflammatory/fibrotic response to a deoxycorticosterone (DOC)/salt for 8 weeks was significantly blunted in CLOCKΔ19 mice when compared with wild-type mice, despite a modest increase at "baseline" for fibrosis and macrophage number in CLOCKΔ19 mice. In contrast, cardiac hypertrophy in response to DOC/salt was significantly greater in CLOCKΔ19 vs wild-type mice. Markers for renal inflammation and fibrosis were similarly attenuated in the CLOCKΔ19 mice given DOC/salt. Moreover, increased CLOCK expression in H9c2 cardiac cells enhanced MR-mediated transactivation of Per1, suggesting cooperative signaling between these transcription factors. This study demonstrates that the full development of MR-mediated cardiac inflammation and fibrosis is dependent on intact signaling by the circadian protein CLOCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Fletcher
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - James Morgan
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - David R Kennaway
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Laura A Bienvenu
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Amanda J Rickard
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peter J Fuller
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Colin D Clyne
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Morag J Young
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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28
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Kamagata M, Ikeda Y, Sasaki H, Hattori Y, Yasuda S, Iwami S, Tsubosaka M, Ishikawa R, Todoh A, Tamura K, Tahara Y, Shibata S. Potent synchronization of peripheral circadian clocks by glucocorticoid injections in PER2::LUC-Clock/Clock mice. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:1067-1082. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1338716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayo Kamagata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Ikeda
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Hattori
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Yasuda
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Iwami
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miku Tsubosaka
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Todoh
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Konomi Tamura
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Tahara
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Mendez N, Halabi D, Spichiger C, Salazar ER, Vergara K, Alonso-Vasquez P, Carmona P, Sarmiento JM, Richter HG, Seron-Ferre M, Torres-Farfan C. Gestational Chronodisruption Impairs Circadian Physiology in Rat Male Offspring, Increasing the Risk of Chronic Disease. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4654-4668. [PMID: 27802074 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to light at night, as in shift work, alters biological clocks (chronodisruption), negatively impacting pregnancy outcome in humans. Actually the interaction of maternal and fetal circadian systems could be a key factor determining a fitting health in adults. We propose that chronic photoperiod shift (CPS) during pregnancy alter maternal circadian rhythms and impair circadian physiology in the adult offspring, increasing health risks. Pregnant rats were exposed to normal photoperiod (12 h light, 12 h dark) or to CPS until 85% of gestation. The effects of gestational CPS were evaluated on the mother and adult offspring. In the mother we measured rhythms of heart rate, body temperature, and activity through gestation and daily rhythms of plasma variables (melatonin, corticosterone, aldosterone, and markers of renal function) at 18 days of gestation. In adult offspring, we measured rhythms of the clock gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), locomotor activity, body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, plasma variables, glucose tolerance, and corticosterone response to ACTH. CPS altered all maternal circadian rhythms, lengthened gestation, and increased newborn weight. The adult CPS offspring presented normal rhythms of clock gene expression in the SCN, locomotor activity, and body temperature. However, the daily rhythm of plasma melatonin was absent, and corticosterone, aldosterone, renal markers, blood pressure, and heart rate rhythms were altered. Moreover, CPS offspring presented decreased glucose tolerance and an abnormal corticosterone response to ACTH. Altogether these data show that gestational CPS induced long-term effects on the offspring circadian system, wherein a normal SCN coexists with altered endocrine, cardiovascular, and metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mendez
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Halabi
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Spichiger
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban R Salazar
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
| | - Karina Vergara
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Alonso-Vasquez
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Carmona
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose M Sarmiento
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
| | - Hans G Richter
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Seron-Ferre
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Torres-Farfan
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
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30
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Ivy JR, Oosthuyzen W, Peltz TS, Howarth AR, Hunter RW, Dhaun N, Al-Dujaili EAS, Webb DJ, Dear JW, Flatman PW, Bailey MA. Glucocorticoids Induce Nondipping Blood Pressure by Activating the Thiazide-Sensitive Cotransporter. Hypertension 2016; 67:1029-37. [PMID: 26953322 PMCID: PMC4905621 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Blood pressure (BP) normally dips during sleep, and nondipping increases cardiovascular risk. Hydrochlorothiazide restores the dipping BP profile in nondipping patients, suggesting that the NaCl cotransporter, NCC, is an important determinant of daily BP variation. NCC activity in cells is regulated by the circadian transcription factor per1. In vivo, circadian genes are entrained via the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Here, we test whether abnormalities in the day:night variation of circulating glucocorticoid influence NCC activity and BP control. C57BL6/J mice were culled at the peak (1:00 AM) and trough (1:00 PM) of BP. We found no day:night variation in NCC mRNA or protein but NCC phosphorylation on threonine53 (pNCC), required for NCC activation, was higher when mice were awake, as was excretion of NCC in urinary exosomes. Peak NCC activity correlated with peak expression of per2 and bmal1 (clock genes) and sgk1 and tsc22d3 (glucocorticoid-responsive kinases). Adrenalectomy reduced NCC abundance and blunted the daily variation in pNCC levels without affecting variation in clock gene transcription. Chronic corticosterone infusion increased bmal1, per1, sgk1, and tsc22d3 expression during the inactive phase. Inactive phase pNCC was also elevated by corticosterone, and a nondipping BP profile was induced. Hydrochlorothiazide restored rhythmicity of BP in corticosterone-treated mice without affecting BP in controls. Glucocorticoids influence the day:night variation in NCC activity via kinases that control phosphorylation. Abnormal glucocorticoid rhythms impair NCC and induce nondipping. Night-time dosing of thiazides may be particularly beneficial in patients with modest glucocorticoid excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Ivy
- From the The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (J.R.I., W.O., T.S.P., A.R.H., R.W.H., N.D., D.J.W., J.W.D., M.A.B.) and The Centre for Integrative Physiology (P.W.F.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and Dietetics, Nutrition, and Biological Sciences Department, Queen Margaret University, Musselburgh, United Kingdom (E.A.S.A.-D.)
| | - Wilna Oosthuyzen
- From the The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (J.R.I., W.O., T.S.P., A.R.H., R.W.H., N.D., D.J.W., J.W.D., M.A.B.) and The Centre for Integrative Physiology (P.W.F.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and Dietetics, Nutrition, and Biological Sciences Department, Queen Margaret University, Musselburgh, United Kingdom (E.A.S.A.-D.)
| | - Theresa S Peltz
- From the The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (J.R.I., W.O., T.S.P., A.R.H., R.W.H., N.D., D.J.W., J.W.D., M.A.B.) and The Centre for Integrative Physiology (P.W.F.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and Dietetics, Nutrition, and Biological Sciences Department, Queen Margaret University, Musselburgh, United Kingdom (E.A.S.A.-D.)
| | - Amelia R Howarth
- From the The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (J.R.I., W.O., T.S.P., A.R.H., R.W.H., N.D., D.J.W., J.W.D., M.A.B.) and The Centre for Integrative Physiology (P.W.F.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and Dietetics, Nutrition, and Biological Sciences Department, Queen Margaret University, Musselburgh, United Kingdom (E.A.S.A.-D.)
| | - Robert W Hunter
- From the The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (J.R.I., W.O., T.S.P., A.R.H., R.W.H., N.D., D.J.W., J.W.D., M.A.B.) and The Centre for Integrative Physiology (P.W.F.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and Dietetics, Nutrition, and Biological Sciences Department, Queen Margaret University, Musselburgh, United Kingdom (E.A.S.A.-D.)
| | - Neeraj Dhaun
- From the The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (J.R.I., W.O., T.S.P., A.R.H., R.W.H., N.D., D.J.W., J.W.D., M.A.B.) and The Centre for Integrative Physiology (P.W.F.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and Dietetics, Nutrition, and Biological Sciences Department, Queen Margaret University, Musselburgh, United Kingdom (E.A.S.A.-D.)
| | - Emad A S Al-Dujaili
- From the The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (J.R.I., W.O., T.S.P., A.R.H., R.W.H., N.D., D.J.W., J.W.D., M.A.B.) and The Centre for Integrative Physiology (P.W.F.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and Dietetics, Nutrition, and Biological Sciences Department, Queen Margaret University, Musselburgh, United Kingdom (E.A.S.A.-D.)
| | - David J Webb
- From the The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (J.R.I., W.O., T.S.P., A.R.H., R.W.H., N.D., D.J.W., J.W.D., M.A.B.) and The Centre for Integrative Physiology (P.W.F.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and Dietetics, Nutrition, and Biological Sciences Department, Queen Margaret University, Musselburgh, United Kingdom (E.A.S.A.-D.)
| | - James W Dear
- From the The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (J.R.I., W.O., T.S.P., A.R.H., R.W.H., N.D., D.J.W., J.W.D., M.A.B.) and The Centre for Integrative Physiology (P.W.F.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and Dietetics, Nutrition, and Biological Sciences Department, Queen Margaret University, Musselburgh, United Kingdom (E.A.S.A.-D.)
| | - Peter W Flatman
- From the The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (J.R.I., W.O., T.S.P., A.R.H., R.W.H., N.D., D.J.W., J.W.D., M.A.B.) and The Centre for Integrative Physiology (P.W.F.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and Dietetics, Nutrition, and Biological Sciences Department, Queen Margaret University, Musselburgh, United Kingdom (E.A.S.A.-D.)
| | - Matthew A Bailey
- From the The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (J.R.I., W.O., T.S.P., A.R.H., R.W.H., N.D., D.J.W., J.W.D., M.A.B.) and The Centre for Integrative Physiology (P.W.F.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and Dietetics, Nutrition, and Biological Sciences Department, Queen Margaret University, Musselburgh, United Kingdom (E.A.S.A.-D.).
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Pati P, Fulton DJR, Bagi Z, Chen F, Wang Y, Kitchens J, Cassis LA, Stepp DW, Rudic RD. Low-Salt Diet and Circadian Dysfunction Synergize to Induce Angiotensin II-Dependent Hypertension in Mice. Hypertension 2016; 67:661-8. [PMID: 26781276 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Blood pressure exhibits a robust circadian rhythm in health. In hypertension, sleep apnea, and even shift work, this balanced rhythm is perturbed via elevations in night-time blood pressure, inflicting silent damage to the vasculature and body organs. Herein, we examined the influence of circadian dysfunction during experimental hypertension in mice. Using radiotelemetry to measure ambulatory blood pressure and activity, the effects of angiotensin II administration were studied in wild-type (WT) and period isoform knockout (KO) mice (Per2-KO, Per2, 3-KO, and Per1, 2, 3-KO/Per triple KO [TKO] mice). On a normal diet, administration of angiotensin II caused nondipping blood pressure and exacerbated vascular hypertrophy in the Period isoform KO mice relative to WT mice. To study the endogenous effects of angiotensin II stimulation, we then administered a low-salt diet to the mice, which does stimulate endogenous angiotensin II in addition to lowering blood pressure. A low-salt diet decreased blood pressure in wild-type mice. In contrast, Period isoform KO mice lost their circadian rhythm in blood pressure on a low-salt diet, because of an increase in resting blood pressure, which was restorable to rhythmicity by the angiotensin receptor blocker losartan. Chronic administration of low salt caused vascular hypertrophy in Period isoform KO mice, which also exhibited increased renin levels and altered angiotensin 1 receptor expression. These data suggest that circadian clock genes may act to inhibit or control renin/angiotensin signaling. Moreover, circadian disorders such as sleep apnea and shift work may alter the homeostatic responses to sodium restriction to potentially influence nocturnal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Pati
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.P., D.J.R.F., J.K., R.D.R.), Medicine (Z.B.), and Physiology (D.W.S.), Vascular Biology Center (D.J.R.F., Z.B., F.C., Y.W., D.W.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University; and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (L.A.C.)
| | - David J R Fulton
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.P., D.J.R.F., J.K., R.D.R.), Medicine (Z.B.), and Physiology (D.W.S.), Vascular Biology Center (D.J.R.F., Z.B., F.C., Y.W., D.W.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University; and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (L.A.C.)
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.P., D.J.R.F., J.K., R.D.R.), Medicine (Z.B.), and Physiology (D.W.S.), Vascular Biology Center (D.J.R.F., Z.B., F.C., Y.W., D.W.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University; and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (L.A.C.)
| | - Feng Chen
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.P., D.J.R.F., J.K., R.D.R.), Medicine (Z.B.), and Physiology (D.W.S.), Vascular Biology Center (D.J.R.F., Z.B., F.C., Y.W., D.W.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University; and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (L.A.C.)
| | - Yusi Wang
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.P., D.J.R.F., J.K., R.D.R.), Medicine (Z.B.), and Physiology (D.W.S.), Vascular Biology Center (D.J.R.F., Z.B., F.C., Y.W., D.W.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University; and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (L.A.C.)
| | - Julia Kitchens
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.P., D.J.R.F., J.K., R.D.R.), Medicine (Z.B.), and Physiology (D.W.S.), Vascular Biology Center (D.J.R.F., Z.B., F.C., Y.W., D.W.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University; and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (L.A.C.)
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.P., D.J.R.F., J.K., R.D.R.), Medicine (Z.B.), and Physiology (D.W.S.), Vascular Biology Center (D.J.R.F., Z.B., F.C., Y.W., D.W.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University; and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (L.A.C.)
| | - David W Stepp
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.P., D.J.R.F., J.K., R.D.R.), Medicine (Z.B.), and Physiology (D.W.S.), Vascular Biology Center (D.J.R.F., Z.B., F.C., Y.W., D.W.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University; and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (L.A.C.)
| | - R Daniel Rudic
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.P., D.J.R.F., J.K., R.D.R.), Medicine (Z.B.), and Physiology (D.W.S.), Vascular Biology Center (D.J.R.F., Z.B., F.C., Y.W., D.W.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University; and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (L.A.C.).
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Dzenda T, Ayo JO, Sinkalu VO, Yaqub LS. Diurnal, seasonal, and sex patterns of heart rate in grip-restrained African giant rats (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse). Physiol Rep 2015; 3:e12581. [PMID: 26471756 PMCID: PMC4632951 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine heart rate (HR) values, including diurnal, seasonal, and sex patterns, in the African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse). HR was measured using stethoscope in grip-restrained African giant rats of either sex (103 bucks and 98 does), live-trapped from a tropical Savannah, and caged individually in the laboratory during the harmattan (cold-dry), hot-dry, and rainy seasons over a 3-year period. The HR fluctuated between 90 and 210 beats per minute (bpm) throughout the study period. Diurnal changes in HR (mean ± SEM) during the hot-dry and rainy seasons were nonsignificant (P > 0.05), but the morning and afternoon values differed (P < 0.01) during the cold-dry season. The HR varied (P < 0.05) among seasons, with peak, nadir, and moderate values recorded during the cold-dry (165.8 ± 0.51 bpm), hot-dry (153.1 ± 0.74 bpm), and rainy (163.4 ± 0.70 bpm) seasons, respectively. Mean HR of bucks was lower than that of does during the cold-dry (P < 0.0001) and hot-dry (P < 0.01) seasons, but sex difference during the rainy season was insignificant (P > 0.05). Overall, mean HR was lower (P < 0.0001) in bucks (158.8 ± 0.53 bpm) than in does (164.8 ± 0.53 bpm). In conclusion, values of HR in African giant rats are shown for the first time. Season, sex, and daytime influenced the HR, and should be considered during clinical evaluations of the rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tavershima Dzenda
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Joseph O Ayo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Victor O Sinkalu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Lukuman S Yaqub
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Alibhai FJ, Tsimakouridze EV, Reitz CJ, Pyle WG, Martino TA. Consequences of Circadian and Sleep Disturbances for the Cardiovascular System. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:860-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Martino TA, Young ME. Influence of the Cardiomyocyte Circadian Clock on Cardiac Physiology and Pathophysiology. J Biol Rhythms 2015; 30:183-205. [DOI: 10.1177/0748730415575246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac function and dysfunction exhibit striking time-of-day-dependent oscillations. Disturbances in both daily rhythms and sleep are associated with increased risk of heart disease, adverse cardiovascular events, and worsening outcomes. For example, the importance of maintaining normal daily rhythms is highlighted by epidemiologic observations that night shift workers present with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. Rhythmicity in cardiac processes is mediated by a complex interaction between extracardiac (e.g., behaviors and associated neural and humoral fluctuations) and intracardiac influences. Over the course of the day, the intrinsic properties of the myocardium vary at the levels of gene and protein expression, metabolism, responsiveness to extracellular stimuli/stresses, and ion homeostasis, all of which affect contractility (e.g., heart rate and force generation). Over the past decade, the circadian clock within the cardiomyocyte has emerged as an essential mechanism responsible for modulating the intrinsic properties of the heart. Moreover, the critical role of this mechanism is underscored by reports that disruption, through genetic manipulation, results in development of cardiac disease and premature mortality in mice. These findings, in combination with reports that numerous cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., diet, diabetes, aging) distinctly affect the clock in the heart, have led to the hypothesis that aberrant regulation of this mechanism contributes to the etiology of cardiac dysfunction and disease. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on current knowledge regarding known roles of the heart clock and discuss the potential for using these insights for the future development of innovative strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tami A. Martino
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin E. Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Nakamura Y, Nakano N, Ishimaru K, Hara M, Ikegami T, Tahara Y, Katoh R, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Shibata S, Nishiyama C, Nakao A. Circadian regulation of allergic reactions by the mast cell clock in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 133:568-75. [PMID: 24060274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains elusive how allergic symptoms exhibit prominent 24-hour variations. In mammals the circadian clocks present in nearly all cells, including mast cells, drive the daily rhythms of physiology. Recently, we have shown that the circadian clocks drive the daily rhythms in IgE/mast cell-mediated allergic reactions. However, the precise mechanisms, particularly the specific roles of the mast cell-intrinsic clockwork in temporal regulation, remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We determined whether the mast cell clockwork contributes to the temporal regulation of IgE/mast cell-mediated allergic reaction. METHODS The kinetics of a time of day-dependent variation in passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions were compared between mast cell-deficient mice reconstituted with bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells generated from mice with a wild-type allele and a dominant negative type mutation of the key clock gene Clock. We also examined the temporal responses of wild-type and Clock-mutated bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells to IgE stimulation in vitro. Furthermore, factors influencing the mast cell clockwork were determined by using in vivo imaging. RESULTS The Clock mutation in mast cells resulted in the absence of temporal variations in IgE-mediated degranulation in mast cells both in vivo and in vitro associated with the loss of temporal regulation of FcεRI expression and signaling. Additionally, adrenalectomy abolished the mast cell clockwork in vivo. CONCLUSION The mast cell-intrinsic clockwork, entrained by humoral factors from the adrenal gland, primarily contributes to the temporal regulation of IgE/mast cell-mediated allergic reactions. Our results reveal a novel regulatory mechanism for IgE-mediated mast cell responses that might underlie the circadian pathophysiology in patients with allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakano
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ishimaru
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Hara
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Ikegami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Research, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Tahara
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katoh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Nishiyama
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Nakao
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
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36
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Diurnal variation in excitation-contraction coupling is lost in the adult spontaneously hypertensive rat heart. J Hypertens 2013; 31:1214-23. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328360ae4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Takita E, Yokota S, Tahara Y, Hirao A, Aoki N, Nakamura Y, Nakao A, Shibata S. Biological clock dysfunction exacerbates contact hypersensitivity in mice. Br J Dermatol 2012; 168:39-46. [PMID: 22834538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immediate-type skin allergic reactions, such as passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction, are associated with circadian rhythm, but the role of circadian mechanisms on delayed-type skin allergic reactions, such as contact hypersensitivity (CHS), remains uncertain. In mice, CHS, a T-cell-mediated immune response, is a classic model of human allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether biological clock dysfunction affects CHS pathogenesis in CLOCK mutant mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. METHODS Mice were treated with 2,4,6-trinitro-1-chlorobenzene (TNCB) on the abdominal skin on day 0 (sensitization) and then treated with TNCB on the ears on day 5 (challenge). RESULTS We found that biological clock dysfunction resulted in severe inflammation. Ear swelling, serum immunoglobulin E level and mast cell number were significantly increased in CLOCK mutant mice compared with WT mice. These results provide evidence that CLOCK mutation promotes the T-helper type 2 immune response and exacerbates CHS. Corticosterone has a protective effect on CHS. The serum corticosterone level lost rhythmicity and showed a decreased daily level in CLOCK mutant mice compared with WT mice, supporting the exacerbating effect of CLOCK mutation on CHS. Adrenalectomy markedly worsened TNCB-induced CHS in WT mice but not in CLOCK mutant mice. In addition, dramatic dexamethasone-induced protection of CHS was observed in CLOCK mutant mice compared with WT mice. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that circadian rhythm might be an important factor in the regulation of CHS via corticosterone rhythmicity and/or level.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Takita
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Nakamura Y, Harama D, Shimokawa N, Hara M, Suzuki R, Tahara Y, Ishimaru K, Katoh R, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Shibata S, Nakao A. Circadian clock gene Period2 regulates a time-of-day-dependent variation in cutaneous anaphylactic reaction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:1038-45.e1-3. [PMID: 21458659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE-mediated immediate-type skin reaction shows a diurnal rhythm, although the precise mechanisms remain uncertain. Period2 (Per2) is a key circadian gene that is essential for endogenous clockworks in mammals. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether Per2 regulates a time-of-day-dependent variation in IgE-mediated immediate-type skin reaction. METHODS The kinetics of a passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction were compared between wild-type mice and mice with a loss-of-function mutation of Per2 (mPer2(m/m) mice). The effects of adrenalectomy, aging, and dexamethasone on the kinetics of a passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction were also examined. In addition, the extent of IgE-mediated degranulation in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) was compared between wild-type and mPer2(m/m) mice. RESULTS A time-of-day-dependent variation in a passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction observed in wild-type mice was absent in mPer2(m/m) mice and in adrenalectomized and aged mice associated with the loss of rhythmic secretion of corticosterone. In addition, mPer2(m/m) mice showed decreased sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of dexamethasone on the passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions. IgE-mediated degranulation in BMMCs was comparable between wild-type and mPer2(m/m) mice, but Per2 mutation decreased sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of dexamethasone on IgE-mediated degranulation in BMMCs. CONCLUSION A circadian oscillator, Per2, regulates a time-of-day-dependent variation in a passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction in mice. Per2 may do so by controlling the rhythmic secretion of glucocorticoid from adrenal glands and/or by gating the glucocorticoid responses of mast cells to certain times of the day (possibly when Per2 levels are high in mast cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Immunology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
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Hannibal J, Hsiung HM, Fahrenkrug J. Temporal phasing of locomotor activity, heart rate rhythmicity, and core body temperature is disrupted in VIP receptor 2-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 300:R519-30. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00599.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurons of the brain's biological clock located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) generate circadian rhythms of physiology (core body temperature, hormone secretion, locomotor activity, sleep/wake, and heart rate) with distinct temporal phasing when entrained by the light/dark (LD) cycle. The neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal polypetide (VIP) and its receptor (VPAC2) are highly expressed in the SCN. Recent studies indicate that VIPergic signaling plays an essential role in the maintenance of ongoing circadian rhythmicity by synchronizing SCN cells and by maintaining rhythmicity within individual neurons. To further increase the understanding of the role of VPAC2 signaling in circadian regulation, we implanted telemetric devices and simultaneously measured core body temperature, spontaneous activity, and heart rate in a strain of VPAC2-deficient mice and compared these observations with observations made from mice examined by wheel-running activity. The study demonstrates that VPAC2 signaling is necessary for a functional circadian clock driving locomotor activity, core body temperature, and heart rate rhythmicity, since VPAC2-deficient mice lose the rhythms in all three parameters when placed under constant conditions (of either light or darkness). Furthermore, although 24-h rhythms for three parameters are retained in VPAC2-deficient mice during the LD cycle, the temperature rhythm displays markedly altered time course and profile, rising earlier and peaking ∼4–6 h prior to that of wild-type mice. The use of telemetric devices to measure circadian locomotor activity, temperature, and heart rate, together with the classical determination of circadian rhythms of wheel-running activity, raises questions about how representative wheel-running activity may be of other behavioral parameters, especially when animals have altered circadian phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hannibal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen; and
| | - Hansen M. Hsiung
- Division of Endocrine Research, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jan Fahrenkrug
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen; and
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Yamamura Y, Yano I, Kudo T, Shibata S. Time-dependent inhibitory effect of lipopolysaccharide injection on Per1 and Per2 gene expression in the mouse heart and liver. Chronobiol Int 2010; 27:213-32. [PMID: 20370466 DOI: 10.3109/07420521003769111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a pathogen-associated large molecule responsible for sepsis-related endotoxic shock, and the heart is one of the most common organs adversely affected. LPS is reported to increase serum TNFalpha levels and reduce Per1 and Per2 gene expression. Therefore, in this experiment, we determined the time-dependent effects of LPS on heart rate (HR) and circadian gene expression in the mouse heart and liver. HR of the LPS group was significantly elevated 2 and 8 h after injection compared to the control group. A significant percent increase in HR was observed at ZT6, 12, and 18. LPS increased Tnfalpha mRNA expression in the heart and liver at ZT6, 18, and 24. A time-dependent effect of LPS on reduction of Per1 and Per2 gene expression was also observed in the heart and liver. In order to examine the effect of LPS on cell damage, we examined apoptosis-related gene expression after LPS injection. Bax mRNA expression level of the LPS group was higher than that of the control group 8 and 26 h after injection. On the other hand, Bcl2 mRNA expression level of the LPS group was lower than that of the control group 2 and 26 h after injection. Dexamethasone strongly attenuated the LPS-induced increase of serum TNFalpha without significant change in Per1 and Per2 gene expression in the heart. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that LPS exerts a time-dependent inhibitory effect on Per1 and Per2 gene expression in the heart and liver. The chronopharmacological lethal effect of LPS may be related to the time-dependent increase of serum TNFalpha level and simultaneously high level of Per2 gene expression in the heart and liver between ZT12-18. Taken together, chronopharmacological effect of LPS may be related to not only sickness behavior syndrome and mortality, but also circadian rhythm systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yamamura
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu-cho 2-2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
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Circadian control of mouse heart rate and blood pressure by the suprachiasmatic nuclei: behavioral effects are more significant than direct outputs. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9783. [PMID: 20339544 PMCID: PMC2842429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diurnal variations in the incidence of events such as heart attack and stroke suggest a role for circadian rhythms in the etiology of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) circadian clock on cardiovascular function. Methodology/Principal Findings Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and locomotor activity (LA) were measured in circadian mutant (Vipr2−/−) mice and wild type littermates, using implanted radio-telemetry devices. Sleep and wakefulness were studied in similar mice implanted with electroencephalograph (EEG) electrodes. There was less diurnal variation in the frequency and duration of bouts of rest/activity and sleep/wake in Vipr2−/− mice than in wild type (WT) and short “ultradian” episodes of arousal were more prominent, especially in constant conditions (DD). Activity was an important determinant of circadian variation in BP and HR in animals of both genotypes; altered timing of episodes of activity and rest (as well as sleep and wakefulness) across the day accounted for most of the difference between Vipr2−/− mice and WT. However, there was also a modest circadian rhythm of resting HR and BP that was independent of LA. Conclusions/Significance If appropriate methods of analysis are used that take into account sleep and locomotor activity level, mice are a good model for understanding the contribution of circadian timing to cardiovascular function. Future studies of the influence of sleep and wakefulness on cardiovascular physiology may help to explain accumulating evidence linking disrupted sleep with cardiovascular disease in man.
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Abstract
Diurnal rhythms influence cardiovascular physiology such as heart rate and blood pressure and the incidence of adverse cardiac events such as heart attack and stroke. For example, shift workers and patients with sleep disturbances, such as obstructive sleep apnea, have an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and sudden death. Diurnal variation is also evident at the molecular level, as gene expression in the heart and blood vessels is remarkably different in the day as compared to the night. Much of the evidence presented here indicates that growth and renewal (structural remodeling) are highly dependent on processes that occur during the subjective night. Myocardial metabolism is also dynamic with substrate preference also differing day from night. The risk/benefit ratio of some therapeutic strategies and the appearance of biomarkers also vary across the 24-hour diurnal cycle. Synchrony between external and internal diurnal rhythms and harmony among the molecular rhythms within the cell is essential for normal organ biology. Cell physiology is 4 dimensional; the substrate and enzymatic components of a given metabolic pathway must be present not only in the right compartmental space within the cell but also at the right time. As a corollary, we show disrupting this integral relationship has devastating effects on cardiovascular, renal and possibly other organ systems. Harmony between our biology and our environment is vital to good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tami A Martino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, OVC, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G2W1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Daniel Rudic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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44
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Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death. The "silent" rise of blood pressure that occurs over time is largely asymptomatic. However, its impact is deafening-causing and exacerbating cardiovascular disease, end-organ damage, and death. The present article addresses recent observations from human and animal studies that provide new insights into how the circadian clock regulates blood pressure, contributes to hypertension, and ultimately evolves vascular disease. Further, the molecular components of the circadian clock and their relationship with locomotor activity, metabolic control, fluid balance, and vascular resistance are discussed with an emphasis on how these novel, circadian clock-controlled mechanisms contribute to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Daniel Rudic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1120 15th St., Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Otsuka K. [Seven-day (24-hour) ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and frequently observed day-to-day differences in the elderly]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2009; 46:488-492. [PMID: 20139638 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.46.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM The goal of this study was to quantify the extent of possible day-to-day differences in 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring results especially in association with age. METHOD A total of 514 community-dwelling subjects were initially recruited to participate in this study, and 450 subjects (average 58.8 years, 186 men and 264 women) had ABP monitoring for at least 6 days using an oscillometric monitor (TM-2430). We calculated the mean ABP and blood pressure (BP) dipping ratio for each day. Subjects were divided into 3 groups, 91 subjects aged from 40 to 49 years (average 41.8 years, younger group), 192 subjects from 50 to 64 years (average 57.5 years, middle-aged group), and 167 subjects over 65 years of age (average 69.5 years, elderly group). A mean ABP of >130/80 mm Hg was a criteria for hypertension (HT), and a decrease of less than 10% in BP during the night was defined as non-dipper. From the view point of day-to-day difference of ABP, 450 subjects were classified into (1) persistent normotension, masked ABP HT, intermittent ABP HT and persistent HT, and (2) persistent dipper, masked non-dipper, intermittent non-dipper and persistent non-dipper. RESULTS Frequency of masked and intermittent ABP HT was higher in the elderly group than the younger or middle-aged groups (47.3% vs. 27.5% or 39.6%), and the frequency of masked and intermittent non-dippers was also higher in association with age (55.0%, 59.5%, 69.7%, p<0.01). CONCLUSION Aging can affect ABP variability. ABP monitoring should be used more precisely for the better diagnosis and treatment of HT in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Otsuka
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center East
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