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Balhorn R, Hartmann C, Schupp N. Aldosterone Induces DNA Damage and Activation of Nrf2 Mainly in Tubuli of Mouse Kidneys. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134679. [PMID: 32630085 PMCID: PMC7370281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive patients have an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many of these patients have increased levels of the blood pressure regulating mineralocorticoid aldosterone. As a protection against aldosterone-induced damage, kidney cells can upregulate key regulators of the antioxidant defense, such as nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). In the present study aldosterone-induced kidney damage and Nrf2 activation in kidney cells of mice treated with three different concentrations of aldosterone for 4 weeks was localized. Increased albumin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in urine revealed an impaired kidney function of the aldosterone-infused mice. Localization of aldosterone-induced oxidative damage (in the form of DNA lesions) in specific kidney cells showed an increase in proximal tubuli and to an even greater extend in distal tubuli. Phosphorylated Nrf2 was increased in distal tubule cells after aldosterone-infusion. Nrf2 activation in proximal tubuli or in glomeruli after aldosterone-treatment could not be observed. Nrf2 target genes and proteins analyzed, paradoxically, showed a downregulation in the whole kidney. Aldosterone-treated mice exhibited an increased kidney injury and DNA damage in distal and proximal tubuli. Nrf2 seemed only to be specifically activated in distal tubule cells, where we also detected the highest amount of oxidative damage.
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Yuan C, Yao Y, Fu C, Rong T, Li B, Carvalho A, Liu C. Plasma concentrations of tissue kallikrein in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. Hypertens Pregnancy 2019; 39:64-69. [PMID: 31880472 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2019.1704005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate maternal plasma concentrations of tissue kallikrein (TK) in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies.Methods: 96 women with singleton pregnancies were categorized into normal, mild preeclampsia and preeclampsia with severe features. Plasma levels of TK were quantified by ELISA and left lateralrecumbencyposition BP measured.Results: Maternal plasma TK concentrations were significantly lower in preeclampsia with severe features compared with mild preeclampsia and normal pregnant. Plasma TK concentrations were negatively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and 24-hour urine protein.Conclusion: Lower maternal plasma TK may be a risk marker that reflects the severity of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yuan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuyu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cong Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianai Rong
- College of Arts & Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Abdlay Carvalho
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Alhenc-Gelas F, Bouby N, Girolami JP. Kallikrein/K1, Kinins, and ACE/Kininase II in Homeostasis and in Disease Insight From Human and Experimental Genetic Studies, Therapeutic Implication. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:136. [PMID: 31316987 PMCID: PMC6610447 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Kallikrein-K1 is the main kinin-forming enzyme in organs in resting condition and in several pathological situations whereas angiotensin I-converting enzyme/kininase II (ACE) is the main kinin-inactivating enzyme in the circulation. Both ACE and K1 activity levels are genetic traits in man. Recent research based mainly on human genetic studies and study of genetically modified mice has documented the physiological role of K1 in the circulation, and also refined understanding of the role of ACE. Kallikrein-K1 is synthesized in arteries and involved in flow-induced vasodilatation. Endothelial ACE synthesis displays strong vessel and organ specificity modulating bioavailability of angiotensins and kinins locally. In pathological situations resulting from hemodynamic, ischemic, or metabolic insult to the cardiovascular system and the kidney K1 and kinins exert critical end-organ protective action and K1 deficiency results in severe worsening of the conditions, at least in the mouse. On the opposite, genetically high ACE level is associated with increased risk of developing ischemic and diabetic cardiac or renal diseases and worsened prognosis of these diseases. The association has been well-documented clinically while causality was established by ACE gene titration in mice. Studies suggest that reduced bioavailability of kinins is prominently involved in the detrimental effect of K1 deficiency or high ACE activity in diseases. Kinins are involved in the therapeutic effect of both ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockers. Based on these findings, a new therapeutic hypothesis focused on selective pharmacological activation of kinin receptors has been launched. Proof of concept was obtained by using prototypic agonists in experimental ischemic and diabetic diseases in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Alhenc-Gelas
- INSERM U1138-CRC, Paris, France.,CRC-INSERM U1138, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France.,CRC-INSERM U1138, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Bouby
- INSERM U1138-CRC, Paris, France.,CRC-INSERM U1138, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France.,CRC-INSERM U1138, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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Tian Y, Jiang F, Li Y, Jiang H, Chu Y, Zhu L, Guo W. Evaluation of the anti-hypertensive effect of Tengfu Jiangya tablet by combination of UPLC-Q-exactive-MS-based metabolomics and iTRAQ-based proteomics technology. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:324-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Desposito D, Zadigue G, Taveau C, Adam C, Alhenc-Gelas F, Bouby N, Roussel R. Neuroprotective effect of kinin B1 receptor activation in acute cerebral ischemia in diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9410. [PMID: 28842604 PMCID: PMC5572700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the kallikrein-kinin system enhances cardiac and renal tolerance to ischemia. Here we investigated the effects of selective agonists of kinin B1 or B2 receptor (R) in brain ischemia-reperfusion in diabetic and non-diabetic mice. The role of endogenous kinins was assessed in tissue kallikrein deficient mice (TK−/−). Mice underwent 60min-middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), eight weeks after type 1-diabetes induction. Treatment with B1R-, B2R-agonist or saline was started at reperfusion. Neurological deficit (ND), infarct size (IS), brain water content (BWC) were measured at day 0, 1 and 2 after injury. MCAO induced exaggerated ND, mortality and IS in diabetic mice. B2R-agonist increased ND and mortality to 60% and 80% in non-diabetic and diabetic mice respectively, by mechanisms involving hemodynamic failure and renal insufficiency. TK−/− mice displayed reduced ND and IS compared to wild-type littermate, consistent with suppression of B2R activity. B1R mRNA level increased in ischemic brain but B1R-agonist had no effect on ND, mortality or IS in non-diabetic mice. In contrast, in diabetic mice, B1R-agonist tested at two doses significantly reduced ND by 42–52% and IS by 66–71%, without effect on BWC or renal function. This suggests potential therapeutic interest of B1R agonism for cerebral protection in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorinne Desposito
- INSERM U 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | | | - Christopher Taveau
- INSERM U 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Clovis Adam
- Anatomopathology Department, Kremlin-Bicêtre Hospital, Paris, France
| | - François Alhenc-Gelas
- INSERM U 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Bouby
- INSERM U 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France. .,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France. .,Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France.
| | - Ronan Roussel
- INSERM U 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Denis Diderot University, Paris, France.,Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, DHU FIRE, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
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6
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Desposito D, Waeckel L, Potier L, Richer C, Roussel R, Bouby N, Alhenc-Gelas F. Kallikrein(K1)-kinin-kininase (ACE) and end-organ damage in ischemia and diabetes: therapeutic implications. Biol Chem 2017; 397:1217-1222. [PMID: 27622831 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and pharmacological studies, clinical and experimental, focused on kallikrein-K1, kinin receptors and ACE/kininase II suggest that kinin release in the settings of ischemia or diabetes reduces organ damage, especially in the heart and kidney. Kinin bioavailability may be a limiting factor for efficacy of current kinin-potentiating drugs, like ACE inhibitors. Primary activation of kinin receptors by prototypic pharmacological agonists, peptidase-resistant, selective B1 or B2, displays therapeutic efficacy in experimental cardiac and peripheral ischemic and diabetic diseases. B1R agonism was especially efficient in diabetic animals and had no unwanted effects. Clinical development of kinin receptor agonists may be warranted.
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Yang X, Orgah J, Wang D, Fan G, Jingyang H, Han J, Qin G, Gao X, Zhu Y. Danhong injection reduces vascular remodeling and up-regulates the Kallikrein-kinin system in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4308. [PMID: 28655904 PMCID: PMC5487322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Danhong injection (DHI) is one of the most prescribed cardiovascular medicines in China, its therapeutic indications and mechanisms remain partially defined. We now identify molecular targets of DHI in resistance vasculatures and demonstrate its role in vascular function and blood pressure (BP) regulation. BP was determined in DHI, Losartan, and placebo- treated Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) by both noninvasive and invasive measurements. Vasorelaxation was examined both in conduit and resistance vasculature by ex vivo aortic rings. Microarray analysis was performed and gene expression changes were verified by RT-qPCR and ELISA. Diastolic, systolic and mean BPs were significantly lower in DHI-treated SHR than controls by both tail-cuff and invasive BP measurements. In ex vivo rings, aortic and mesenteric vessels from SHR treated with DHI exhibited significantly greater acetylcholine-mediated relaxation. Among the 282 genes that are differentially expressed in microarray analysis, DHI treatment up-regulated the expression of kallikrein and plasma kallikrein B genes. DHI also significantly increased serum kallikrein content in SHR. Treatment with DHI significantly increased the ratio of aortic lumen to outer diameter. Therefore, the reduction of vascular remodeling and the up-regulation of Kallikrein-kinin system contribute, at least in part, to the antihypertensive effect of DHI in SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, P. R. China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, 12 Lingyin Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, P. R. China
| | - John Orgah
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, P. R. China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, P. R. China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, P. R. China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Hu Jingyang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, P. R. China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Jihong Han
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300193, P. R. China
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, P. R. China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China.,Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, P. R. China. .,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China. .,Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 750 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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8
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Control of ENaC-mediated sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron by Bradykinin. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2015. [PMID: 25817868 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Kinins, such as Bradykinin (BK), are peptide hormones of the kallikrein-kinin system. Apart from being a vasodilator, BK also increases urinary sodium excretion to reduce systemic blood pressure. It is becoming appreciated that BK modulates function of the epithelial Na(+) channel in the distal part of the renal nephron to affect tubular sodium reabsorption. In this chapter, we outline the molecular details, as well as discuss the physiological relevance of this regulation for the whole organism sodium homeostasis and setting chronic blood pressure.
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Youcef G, Belaidi E, Waeckel L, Fazal L, Clemessy M, Vincent MP, Zadigue G, Richer C, Alhenc-Gelas F, Ovize M, Pizard A. Tissue kallikrein is required for the cardioprotective effect of cyclosporin A in myocardial ischemia in the mouse. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 94:22-9. [PMID: 25623731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental studies suggest that pharmacological postconditioning with Cyclosporin A (CsA) reduces infarct size in cardiac ischemia and reperfusion. CsA interacts with Cyclophilin D (CypD) preventing opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Tissue kallikrein (TK) and its products kinins are involved in cardioprotection in ischemia. CypD knockout mice are resistant to the cardioprotective effects of both CsA and kinins suggesting common mechanisms of action. Using TK gene knockout mice, we investigated whether the kallikrein-kinin system is involved in the cardioprotective effect of CsA. Homozygote and heterozygote TK deficient mice (TK(-/-), TK(+/-)) and wild type littermates (TK(+/+)) were subjected to cardiac ischemia-reperfusion with and without CsA postconditioning. CsA reduced infarct size in TK(+/+) mice but had no effect in TK(+/-) and TK(-/-) mice. Cardiac mitochondria isolated from TK(-/-) mice had indistinguishable basal oxidative phosphorylation and calcium retention capacity compared to TK(+/+) mice but were resistant to CsA inhibition of mPTP opening. TK activity was documented in mouse heart and rat cardiomyoblasts mitochondria. By proximity ligation assay TK was found in close proximity to the mitochondrial membrane proteins VDAC and Tom22, and CypD. Thus, partial or total deficiency in TK induces resistance to the infarct size reducing effect of CsA in cardiac ischemia in mice, suggesting that TK level is a critical factor for cardioprotection by CsA. TK is required for the mitochondrial action of CsA and may interact with CypD. Genetic variability in TK activity has been documented in man and may influence the cardioprotective effect of CsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Youcef
- Inserm UMR 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - E Belaidi
- Inserm U 1060-CarMeN & Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - L Waeckel
- Inserm UMR 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - L Fazal
- Inserm UMR 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - M Clemessy
- Inserm UMR 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - M P Vincent
- Inserm UMR 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - G Zadigue
- Inserm UMR 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - C Richer
- Inserm UMR 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - F Alhenc-Gelas
- Inserm UMR 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - M Ovize
- Inserm U 1060-CarMeN & Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - A Pizard
- Inserm UMR 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Inserm UMRS 1116, faculté de médecine de Nancy-Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Inserm CIC-1433, Institut du Cœur et des Vaisseaux Louis Mathieu, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; CHRU Nancy Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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Direct regulation of ENaC by bradykinin in the distal nephron. Implications for renal sodium handling. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2014; 23:122-9. [PMID: 24378775 DOI: 10.1097/01.mnh.0000441053.81339.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Locally produced peptide hormones kinins, such as bradykinin, are thought to oppose many of the prohypertensive actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In the kidney, bradykinin, via stimulation of B2 receptors (B2R), favors natriuresis mostly due to the inhibition of tubular Na reabsorption. Recent experimental evidence identifies the epithelial Na channel (ENaC) as a key end effector of bradykinin actions in the distal tubular segments. The focus of this review is the physiological relevance and molecular details of the bradykinin signal to ENaC. RECENT FINDINGS The recent epidemiological GenSalt study demonstrated that genetic variants of the gene encoding B2R show significant associations with the salt sensitivity of blood pressure. Bradykinin was shown to have an inhibitory effect on the distal nephron sodium transport via stimulation of B2 receptor-phospholipase C (B2R-PLC) cascade to decrease ENaC open probability. Genetic ablation of bradykinin receptors in mice led to an augmented ENaC function, particularly during elevated sodium intake, likely contributing to the salt-sensitive hypertensive phenotype. Furthermore, augmentation of bradykinin signaling in the distal nephron was demonstrated to be an important component of the natriuretic and antihypertensive effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. SUMMARY Salt-sensitive inhibition of ENaC activity by bradykinin greatly advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for shutting down distal tubule sodium reabsorption during volume expanded conditions to avoid salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Potier L, Waeckel L, Fumeron F, Bodin S, Fysekidis M, Chollet C, Bellili N, Bonnet F, Gusto G, Velho G, Marre M, Alhenc-Gelas F, Roussel R, Bouby N. Tissue kallikrein deficiency, insulin resistance, and diabetes in mouse and man. J Endocrinol 2014; 221:297-308. [PMID: 24599937 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The kallikrein-kinin system has been suggested to participate in the control of glucose metabolism. Its role and the role of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme, a major kinin-inactivating enzyme, are however the subject of debate. We have evaluated the consequence of deficiency in tissue kallikrein (TK), the main kinin-forming enzyme, on the development of insulin resistance and diabetes in mice and man. Mice with inactivation of the TK gene were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 3 months, or crossed with obese, leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice to generate double ob/ob-TK-deficient mutants. In man, a loss-of-function polymorphism of the TK gene (R53H) was studied in a large general population cohort tested for insulin resistance, the DESIR study (4843 participants, 9 year follow-up). Mice deficient in TK gained less weight on the HFD than their WT littermates. Fasting glucose level was increased and responses to glucose (GTT) and insulin (ITT) tolerance tests were altered at 10 and 16 weeks on the HFD compared with standard on the diet, but TK deficiency had no influence on these parameters. Likewise, ob-TK⁻/⁻ mice had similar GTT and ITT responses to those of ob-TK⁺/⁺ mice. TK deficiency had no effect on blood pressure in either model. In humans, changes over time in BMI, fasting plasma glucose, insulinemia, and blood pressure were not influenced by the defective 53H-coding TK allele. The incidence of diabetes was not influenced by this allele. These data do not support a role for the TK-kinin system, protective or deleterious, in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Potier
- INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Paris, France University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, AP-HP, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France INSERM U695, Paris, France Paris Diderot University, Paris 7, Paris, France Department of Endocrinology, CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes 1, Inserm UMR 991, Rennes, France Institut inter Régional Pour la Santé, Irsa, La Riche, France
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Chao J, Bledsoe G, Chao L. Tissue kallikrein-kinin therapy in hypertension and organ damage. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2014; 69:37-57. [PMID: 25130039 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06683-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue kallikrein is a serine proteinase that cleaves low molecular weight kininogen to produce kinin peptides, which in turn activate kinin receptors to trigger multiple biological functions. In addition to its kinin-releasing activity, tissue kallikrein directly interacts with the kinin B2 receptor, protease-activated receptor-1, and gamma-epithelial Na channel. The tissue kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) elicits a wide spectrum of biological activities, including reducing hypertension, cardiac and renal damage, restenosis, ischemic stroke, and skin wound injury. Both loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies have shown that the KKS plays an important endogenous role in the protection against health pathologies. Tissue kallikrein/kinin treatment attenuates cardiovascular, renal, and brain injury by inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, hypertrophy, and fibrosis and promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Approaches that augment tissue kallikrein-kinin activity might provide an effective strategy for the treatment of hypertension and associated organ damage.
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Girolami JP, Blaes N, Bouby N, Alhenc-Gelas F. Genetic manipulation and genetic variation of the kallikrein-kinin system: impact on cardiovascular and renal diseases. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2014; 69:145-196. [PMID: 25130042 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06683-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic manipulation of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) in mice, with either gain or loss of function, and study of human genetic variability in KKS components which has been well documented at the phenotypic and genomic level, have allowed recognizing the physiological role of KKS in health and in disease. This role has been especially documented in the cardiovascular system and the kidney. Kinins are produced at slow rate in most organs in resting condition and/or inactivated quickly. Yet the KKS is involved in arterial function and in renal tubular function. In several pathological situations, kinin production increases, kinin receptor synthesis is upregulated, and kinins play an important role, whether beneficial or detrimental, in disease outcome. In the setting of ischemic, diabetic or hemodynamic aggression, kinin release by tissue kallikrein protects against organ damage, through B2 and/or B1 bradykinin receptor activation, depending on organ and disease. This has been well documented for the ischemic or diabetic heart, kidney and skeletal muscle, where KKS activity reduces oxidative stress, limits necrosis or fibrosis and promotes angiogenesis. On the other hand, in some pathological situations where plasma prekallikrein is inappropriately activated, excess kinin release in local or systemic circulation is detrimental, through oedema or hypotension. Putative therapeutic application of these clinical and experimental findings through current pharmacological development is discussed in the chapter.
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Waeckel L, Potier L, Richer C, Roussel R, Bouby N, Alhenc-Gelas F. Pathophysiology of genetic deficiency in tissue kallikrein activity in mouse and man. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110:476-83. [PMID: 23572029 DOI: 10.1160/th12-12-0937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Study of mice rendered deficient in tissue kallikrein (TK) by gene inactivation and human subjects partially deficient in TK activity as consequence of an active site mutation has allowed recognising the physiological role of TK and its peptide products kinins in arterial function and in vasodilatation, in both species. TK appears as the major kinin forming enzyme in arteries, heart and kidney. Non-kinin mediated actions of TK may occur in epithelial cells in the renal tubule. In basal condition, TK deficiency induces mild defective phenotypes in the cardiovascular system and the kidney. However, in pathological situations where TK synthesis is typically increased and kinins are produced, TK deficiency has major, deleterious consequences. This has been well documented experimentally for cardiac ischaemia, diabetes renal disease, peripheral ischaemia and aldosterone-salt induced hypertension. These conditions are all aggravated by TK deficiency. The beneficial effect of ACE/kininase II inhibitors or angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists in cardiac ischaemia is abolished in TK-deficient mice, suggesting a prominent role for TK and kinins in the cardioprotective action of these drugs. Based on findings made in TK-deficient mice and additional evidence obtained by pharmacological or genetic inactivation of kinin receptors, development of novel therapeutic approaches relying on kinin receptor agonism may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Waeckel
- Francois Alhenc-Gelas, INSERM U872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine 75006 Paris, France, E-mail:
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