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de Souza MTP, Ozorio GA, de Oliveira GN, López RVM, Alves MMF, Vamondes Kulcsar MA, Jr UR, Singer P, Waitzberg DL. Effect of age on resting energy expenditure in patients with cancer. Nutrition 2022; 102:111740. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Han F, Hu F, Wang T, Zhou W, Zhu L, Huang X, Bao H, Cheng X. Association Between Basal Metabolic Rate and All-Cause Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of Southern Chinese Adults. Front Physiol 2022; 12:790347. [PMID: 35058799 PMCID: PMC8763786 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.790347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between basal metabolic rate (BMR) and all-cause mortality in southern Chinese adults. Methods: We prospectively examined the relationship between BMR and all-cause mortality in 12,608 Southern Chinese adults with age ≥ 35 years who participated in the National Key R&D Program from 2013-2014 to 2019-2020. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between BMR and all-cause mortality. Results: A total of 809 deaths (including 478 men and 331 women) occurred during a median follow-up period of 5.60 years. All-cause mortality was higher in elderly individuals than in non-elderly individuals (11.48 vs. 2.04%, P < 0.001) and was higher in male subjects than in female subjects (9.84 vs. 4.56%, P < 0.001). There was a significantly inverse relationship between BMR levels and all-cause mortality in elderly male individuals (adjusted-HR per SD increase: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70-0.91, P < 0.001). Compared with BMR levels ≤ 1,115 kJ/day, there was lower all-cause mortality in third and highest BMR quartiles in the elderly male subjects (adjusted-HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53-0.95, P = 0.022; adjusted-HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.43-0.84, P = 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: An elevated BMR was independently inversely associated with all-cause mortality in elderly male subjects in a southern Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyu Han
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Feng Hu
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, China.,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, China.,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Linjuan Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, China.,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, China.,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huihui Bao
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, China.,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, China.,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Correlations between basal metabolic rate in humans with different age, gender, BMI and local earth magnetic field activity. JOURNAL OF COMPLEXITY IN HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.21595/chs.2021.22345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Teseo S, Houot B, Yang K, Monnier V, Liu G, Tricoire H. G. sinense and P. notoginseng Extracts Improve Healthspan of Aging Flies and Provide Protection in A Huntington Disease Model. Aging Dis 2021; 12:425-440. [PMID: 33815875 PMCID: PMC7990376 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0714-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the strong increase in the proportion of older people worldwide, and the increased prevalence of age associated degenerative diseases, have put a stronger focus on aging biology. In spite of important progresses in our understanding of the aging process, an integrative view is still lacking and there is still need for efficient anti-aging interventions that could improve healthspan, reduce incidence of age-related disease and, eventually, increase the lifespan. Interestingly, some compounds from traditional medicine have been found to possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that they could play a role as anti-aging compounds, although in depth in vivo investigations are still scarce. In this study we used one the major aging model organisms, Drosophila melanogaster, to investigate the ability of four herb extracts (HEs: Dendrobium candidum, Ophiopogon japonicum, Ganoderma sinense and Panax notoginseng) widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to slow down aging and improve healthspan of aged animals. Combining multiple approaches (stress resistance assays, lifespan and metabolic measurements, functional heart characterizations and behavioral assays), we show that these four HEs provide in vivo protection from various insults, albeit with significant compound-specific differences. Importantly, extracts of P. notoginseng and G. sinense increase the healthspan of aging animals, as shown by increased activity during aging and improved heart function. In addition, these two compounds also provide protection in a Drosophila model of Huntington’s disease (HD), suggesting that, besides their anti-aging properties in normal individuals, they could be also efficient in the protection against age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafino Teseo
- 1Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France.,2School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Houot
- 1Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Hervé Tricoire
- 1Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
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Chan ST, Evans KC, Song TY, Selb J, van der Kouwe A, Rosen BR, Zheng YP, Ahn AC, Kwong KK. Dynamic brain-body coupling of breath-by-breath O2-CO2 exchange ratio with resting state cerebral hemodynamic fluctuations. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238946. [PMID: 32956397 PMCID: PMC7505589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The origin of low frequency cerebral hemodynamic fluctuations (CHF) in the resting state remains unknown. Breath-by breath O2-CO2 exchange ratio (bER) has been reported to correlate with the cerebrovascular response to brief breath hold challenge at the frequency range of 0.008-0.03Hz in healthy adults. bER is defined as the ratio of the change in the partial pressure of oxygen (ΔPO2) to that of carbon dioxide (ΔPCO2) between end inspiration and end expiration. In this study, we aimed to investigate the contribution of respiratory gas exchange (RGE) metrics (bER, ΔPO2 and ΔPCO2) to low frequency CHF during spontaneous breathing. METHODS Twenty-two healthy adults were included. We used transcranial Doppler sonography to evaluate CHF by measuring the changes in cerebral blood flow velocity (ΔCBFv) in bilateral middle cerebral arteries. The regional CHF were mapped with blood oxygenation level dependent (ΔBOLD) signal changes using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Temporal features and frequency characteristics of RGE metrics during spontaneous breathing were examined, and the simultaneous measurements of RGE metrics and CHF (ΔCBFv and ΔBOLD) were studied for their correlation. RESULTS We found that the time courses of ΔPO2 and ΔPCO2 were interdependent but not redundant. The oscillations of RGE metrics were coherent with resting state CHF at the frequency range of 0.008-0.03Hz. Both bER and ΔPO2 were superior to ΔPCO2 in association with CHF while CHF could correlate more strongly with bER than with ΔPO2 in some brain regions. Brain regions with the strongest coupling between bER and ΔBOLD overlapped with many areas of default mode network including precuneus and posterior cingulate. CONCLUSION Although the physiological mechanisms underlying the strong correlation between bER and CHF are unclear, our findings suggest the contribution of bER to low frequency resting state CHF, providing a novel insight of brain-body interaction via CHF and oscillations of RGE metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-tak Chan
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Karleyton C. Evans
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tian-yue Song
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Juliette Selb
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bruce R. Rosen
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yong-ping Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Andrew C. Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kenneth K. Kwong
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Ahmed D, Roy D, Cassol E. Examining Relationships between Metabolism and Persistent Inflammation in HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6238978. [PMID: 30363715 PMCID: PMC6181007 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6238978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-infected individuals are now living longer and healthier lives. However, ART does not completely restore health and treated individuals are experiencing increased rates of noncommunicable diseases such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. While it is well known that persistent immune activation and inflammation contribute to the development of these comorbid diseases, the mechanisms underlying this chronic activation remain incompletely understood. In this review, we will discuss emerging evidence that suggests that alterations in cellular metabolism may play a central role in driving this immune dysfunction in HIV patients on ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duale Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Roy
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edana Cassol
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Ranking Renewable and Fossil Fuels on Global Warming Potential Using Respiratory Quotient Concept. JOURNAL OF COMBUSTION 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/1270708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the greenhouse gases which cause global warming. The amount of fossil fuels consumed to meet the demands in the areas of power and transportation is projected to increase in the upcoming years. Depending on carbon content, each power plant fuel has its own potential to produce carbon dioxide. Similarly, the humans consume food containing carbohydrates (CH), fat, and protein which emit CO2 due to metabolism. The biology literature uses respiratory quotient (RQ), defined as the ratio of CO2 moles exhausted per mole of O2 consumed within the body, to estimate CO2 loading in the blood stream and CO2 in nasal exhaust. Here, we apply that principle in the field of combustion to relate the RQ to CO2 emitted in tons per GJ of energy released when a fuel is combusted. The RQ value of a fuel can be determined either from fuel chemical formulae (from ultimate analyses for most liquid and solid fuels of known composition) or from exhaust gas analyses. RQ ranges from 0.5 for methane (CH4) to 1 for pure carbon. Based on the results obtained, the lesser the value of “RQ” of a fuel, the lower its global warming potential. This methodology can be further extended for an “online instantaneous measurement of CO2” in automobiles based on actual fuel use irrespective of fuel composition.
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Friesen CR, Johansson R, Olsson M. Morph-specific metabolic rate and the timing of reproductive senescence in a color polymorphic dragon. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2017; 327:433-443. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasmus Johansson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Mats Olsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
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Moradi S, Mirzaei K, Abdurahman AA, Keshavarz SA. Adipokines may mediate the relationship between resting metabolic rates and bone mineral densities in obese women. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:1619-1629. [PMID: 28116469 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-3914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The researchers sought to test the possible link between resting metabolic rate and bone mineral density through four adipokines. Participants with lower resting metabolic rate (RMR) per kilogram demonstrated higher total bone mineral density (BMD), total T-score, and total Z-score. Omentin-1 had a mediatory effect on the relationship between RMR/kg of body weight and bone parameters. INTRODUCTION The previous results of studies regarding the links between obesity and bone health are controversial. For this reason, the researchers sought to test the possible link between RMR and BMD through the following four adipokines: vaspin, retinol binding protein 4, angiopoietin-like 6 (ANGPL6), and omentin-1. METHODS We enrolled 312 obese Iranian women (30 ≤ body mass index <40) in this cross-sectional study. In order to examine the association of serum adipokine levels with RMR and BMD, the participants were grouped based on RMR per body weight. Body composition, dietary intake, bone mineral density, and resting metabolic rate were assessed in all participants. Serum adipokine levels were quantified by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. RESULTS Low levels of RMR/kg were strongly associated with higher weight, body mass index, fat mass, and visceral fat levels. In fact, participants with an RMR/kg of body weight <20 kcal/24 h/kg were more obese (p < 0.05). Another noteworthy finding was that participants with lower RMR/kg demonstrated higher total BMD, total T-score, and total Z-score. Our results showed that omentin-1 had a mediatory effect on the relationship between RMR per kilogram of body weight and bone parameters (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, other adipokines such as vaspin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and ANGPL6 did not affect the relationship between RMR and BMD (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The inhibitory effect of omentin-1 on TNF-alpha seems to be able to reduce the amount of circulating leptin as adipokine, affecting energy expenditure and improving bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency and controlled effect of RMR on BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moradi
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrine Diseases and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran, Iran
| | - K Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O.Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
| | - A A Abdurahman
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran, Iran
| | - S A Keshavarz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Vandal M, White PJ, Tournissac M, Tremblay C, St-Amour I, Drouin-Ouellet J, Bousquet M, Traversy MT, Planel E, Marette A, Calon F. Impaired thermoregulation and beneficial effects of thermoneutrality in the 3×Tg-AD model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 43:47-57. [PMID: 27255814 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The sharp rise in the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) at an old age coincides with a reduction in energy metabolism and core body temperature. We found that the triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3×Tg-AD) spontaneously develops a lower basal body temperature and is more vulnerable to a cold environment compared with age-matched controls. This was despite higher nonshivering thermogenic activity, as evidenced by brown adipose tissue norepinephrine content and uncoupling protein 1 expression. A 24-hour exposure to cold (4 °C) aggravated key neuropathologic markers of AD such as: tau phosphorylation, soluble amyloid beta concentrations, and synaptic protein loss in the cortex of 3×Tg-AD mice. Strikingly, raising the body temperature of aged 3×Tg-AD mice via exposure to a thermoneutral environment improved memory function and reduced amyloid and synaptic pathologies within a week. Our results suggest the presence of a vicious cycle between impaired thermoregulation and AD-like neuropathology, and it is proposed that correcting thermoregulatory deficits might be therapeutic in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene Vandal
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Philip J White
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA; Faculté de medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut universitaire de pneumologie et de cardiologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marine Tournissac
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle St-Amour
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Département de Recherche et Développement, Héma-Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Janelle Drouin-Ouellet
- Faculté de medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melanie Bousquet
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Thérèse Traversy
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Faculté de medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Andre Marette
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Faculté de medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut universitaire de pneumologie et de cardiologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Frederic Calon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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Reijne AC, Ciapaite J, van Dijk TH, Havinga R, van der Zee EA, Groen AK, Reijngoud DJ, Bakker BM, van Dijk G. Whole-Body Vibration Partially Reverses Aging-Induced Increases in Visceral Adiposity and Hepatic Lipid Storage in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149419. [PMID: 26886917 PMCID: PMC4757540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
At old age, humans generally have declining muscle mass and increased fat deposition, which can increase the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases. While regular physical activity postpones these age-related derangements, this is not always possible in the elderly because of disabilities or risk of injury. Whole-body vibration (WBV) training may be considered as an alternative to physical activity particularly in the frail population. To explore this possibility, we characterized whole-body and organ-specific metabolic processes in 6-month and 25-month old mice, over a period of 14 weeks of WBV versus sham training. WBV training tended to increase blood glucose turnover rates and stimulated hepatic glycogen utilization during fasting irrespective of age. WBV was effective in reducing white fat mass and hepatic triglyceride content only in old but not in young mice and these reductions were related to upregulation of hepatic mitochondrial uncoupling of metabolism (assessed by high-resolution respirometry) and increased expression of uncoupling protein 2. Because these changes occurred independent of changes in food intake and whole-body metabolic rate (assessed by indirect calorimetry), the liver-specific effects of WBV may be a primary mechanism to improve metabolic health during aging, rather than that it is a consequence of alterations in energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaffien C. Reijne
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Neurobiology, Unit of Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, NL-9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, NL-9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Systems Biology Centre for Energy Metabolism and Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, NL-9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolita Ciapaite
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, NL-9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Systems Biology Centre for Energy Metabolism and Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, NL-9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo H. van Dijk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, NL-9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Havinga
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, NL-9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eddy A. van der Zee
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Neurobiology, Unit of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, NL-9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert K. Groen
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, NL-9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Systems Biology Centre for Energy Metabolism and Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, NL-9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Reijngoud
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, NL-9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Systems Biology Centre for Energy Metabolism and Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, NL-9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara M. Bakker
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, NL-9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Systems Biology Centre for Energy Metabolism and Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, NL-9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan van Dijk
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Neurobiology, Unit of Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, NL-9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- ESRIG Center for Isotope Research, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Abizanda P, Romero L, Sánchez-Jurado PM, Ruano TF, Ríos SS, Sánchez MF. Energetics of Aging and Frailty: The FRADEA Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:787-96. [PMID: 26463762 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) decrease with aging, but it is not known whether frailty modulates this association. We hypothesize that RMR and TDEE values are similar between younger and older nonfrail older adults, whereas they are lower in older prefrail and frail compared with younger adults. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of the FRADEA study, Albacete (Spain), including 402 participants (213 women) older than 70 years (mean age 76 years; range 70-91), was conducted. Estimated RMR (eRMR), oxygen consumption (VO2), expired volume (Ve), and respiratory frequency (RF) were determined using indirect calorimetry; TDEE was determined with the Calcumed instrument; and fat-free mass was determined by bioimpedanciometry. General linear models were used for analysis. RESULTS Mean TDEE was 1,889 (SD 470) kcal and eRMR was 1,071 (SD 323) kcal. Both TDEE (B = -24 kcal/day; 95% confidence interval: -35.4 to -14.2; p < .001) and eRMR (B= -15.8 kcal/day; 95% confidence interval: -23.1 to -8.5; p < .001) diminished linearly with age, with lower values in frail and prefrail participants. There was a strong trend between frailty and lower eRMR (F = 2.9; p = .058), with a modifying effect between age and frailty (F = 3.6; p = .002). eRMR in prefrail and frail participants were on average 160 and 114 kcal/day less than that in the nonfrail participants, respectively, and taken together, 154 kcal/day less (F = 5.4; p = .020). Frail and prefrail participants also presented lower Ve and VO2 values that were partially compensated by an RF increase. CONCLUSION Frailty status modulates the energy requirements of aging. Frail and prefrail older adults present lower eRMR than nonfrail adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Abizanda
- Department of Geriatrics Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Spain.
| | - Luis Romero
- Department of Geriatrics Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Spain
| | - Pedro M Sánchez-Jurado
- Department of Geriatrics Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Spain
| | - Teresa Flores Ruano
- Department of Geriatrics Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Spain
| | - Sergio Salmerón Ríos
- Department of Geriatrics Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Spain
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Amano S, Kegelmeyer D, Hong SL. Rethinking energy in parkinsonian motor symptoms: a potential role for neural metabolic deficits. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 8:242. [PMID: 25610377 PMCID: PMC4285053 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized as a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that results in a variety of debilitating symptoms, including bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. Research spanning several decades has emphasized basal ganglia dysfunction, predominantly resulting from dopaminergic (DA) cell loss, as the primarily cause of the aforementioned parkinsonian features. But, why those particular features manifest themselves remains an enigma. The goal of this paper is to develop a theoretical framework that parkinsonian motor features are behavioral consequence of a long-term adaptation to their inability (inflexibility or lack of capacity) to meet energetic demands, due to neural metabolic deficits arising from mitochondrial dysfunction associated with PD. Here, we discuss neurophysiological changes that are generally associated with PD, such as selective degeneration of DA neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), in conjunction with metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction. We then characterize the cardinal motor symptoms of PD, bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity and gait disturbance, reviewing literature to demonstrate how these motor patterns are actually energy efficient from a metabolic perspective. We will also develop three testable hypotheses: (1) neural metabolic deficits precede the increased rate of neurodegeneration and onset of behavioral symptoms in PD; (2) motor behavior of persons with PD are more sensitive to changes in metabolic/bioenergetic state; and (3) improvement of metabolic function could lead to better motor performance in persons with PD. These hypotheses are designed to introduce a novel viewpoint that can elucidate the connections between metabolic, neural and motor function in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Amano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Athens, OH, USA ; Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University Athens, OH, USA
| | - Deborah Kegelmeyer
- Division of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S Lee Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Athens, OH, USA ; Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University Athens, OH, USA
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Hans H, Lone A, Aksenov V, Rollo CD. Impacts of metformin and aspirin on life history features and longevity of crickets: trade-offs versus cost-free life extension? AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:31. [PMID: 25833406 PMCID: PMC4382469 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
We examined the impacts of aspirin and metformin on the life history of the cricket Acheta domesticus (growth rate, maturation time, mature body size, survivorship, and maximal longevity). Both drugs significantly increased survivorship and maximal life span. Maximal longevity was 136 days for controls, 188 days (138 % of controls) for metformin, and 194 days (143 % of controls) for aspirin. Metformin and aspirin in combination extended longevity to a lesser degree (163 days, 120 % of controls). Increases in general survivorship were even more pronounced, with low-dose aspirin yielding mean longevity 234 % of controls (i.e., health span). Metformin strongly reduced growth rates of both genders (<60 % of controls), whereas aspirin only slightly reduced the growth rate of females and slightly increased that of males. Both drugs delayed maturation age relative to controls, but metformin had a much greater impact (>140 % of controls) than aspirin (~118 % of controls). Crickets maturing on low aspirin showed no evidence of a trade-off between maturation mass and life extension. Remarkably, by 100 days of age, aspirin-treated females were significantly larger than controls (largely reflecting egg complement). Unlike the reigning dietary restriction paradigm, low aspirin conformed to a paradigm of "eat more, live longer." In contrast, metformin-treated females were only ~67 % of the mass of controls. Our results suggest that hormetic agents like metformin may derive significant trade-offs with life extension, whereas health and longevity benefits may be obtained with less cost by agents like aspirin that regulate geroprotective pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvir Hans
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 226 Life Science Building, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Asad Lone
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 226 Life Science Building, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Vadim Aksenov
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 226 Life Science Building, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - C. David Rollo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 226 Life Science Building, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
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Meal timing affects glucose tolerance, substrate oxidation and circadian-related variables: A randomized, crossover trial. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 39:828-33. [PMID: 25311083 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Timing of food intake associates with body weight regulation, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. However, the mechanism is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of changes in meal timing on energy-expenditure, glucose-tolerance and circadian-related variables. SUBJECTS/METHODS Thirty-two women (aged 24±4 years and body mass index 22.9±2.6 kg m(-2)) completed two randomized, crossover protocols: one protocol (P1) including assessment of resting-energy expenditure (indirect-calorimetry) and glucose tolerance (mixed-meal test) (n=10), the other (P2) including circadian-related measurements based on profiles in salivary cortisol and wrist temperature (Twrist) (n=22). In each protocol, participants were provided with standardized meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) during the two meal intervention weeks and were studied under two lunch-eating conditions: Early Eating (EE; lunch at 13:00) and Late Eating (LE; lunch 16:30). RESULTS LE, as compared with EE, resulted in decreased pre-meal resting-energy expenditure (P=0.048), a lower pre-meal protein-corrected respiratory quotient (CRQ) and a changed post-meal profile of CRQ (P=0.019). These changes reflected a significantly lower pre-meal utilization of carbohydrates in LE versus EE (P=0.006). LE also increased glucose area under curve above baseline by 46%, demonstrating decreased glucose tolerance (P=0.002). Changes in the daily profile of cortisol and Twrist were also found with LE blunting the cortisol profile, with lower morning and afternoon values, and suppressing the postprandial Twrist peak (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Eating late is associated with decreased resting-energy expenditure, decreased fasting carbohydrate oxidation, decreased glucose tolerance, blunted daily profile in free cortisol concentrations and decreased thermal effect of food on Twrist. These results may be implicated in the differential effects of meal timing on metabolic health.
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Brown-Borg HM, Bartke A. GH and IGF1: roles in energy metabolism of long-living GH mutant mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 67:652-60. [PMID: 22466316 PMCID: PMC3348496 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the multiple theories to explain exceptional longevity, the most robust of these has centered on the reduction of three anabolic protein hormones, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor, and insulin. GH mutant mice live 50% longer and exhibit significant differences in several aspects of energy metabolism as compared with wild-type mice. Mitochondrial metabolism is upregulated in the absence of GH, whereas in GH transgenic mice and dwarf mice treated with GH, multiple aspects of these pathways are suppressed. Core body temperature is markedly lower in dwarf mice, yet whole-body metabolism, as measured by indirect calorimetry, is surprisingly higher in Ames dwarf and Ghr-/- mice compared with normal controls. Elevated adiponectin, a key antiinflammatory cytokine, is also very likely to contribute to longevity in these mice. Thus, several important components related to energy metabolism are altered in GH mutant mice, and these differences are likely critical in aging processes and life-span extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly M Brown-Borg
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 501 North Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA.
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Barbieri M, Boccardi V, Esposito A, Papa M, Vestini F, Rizzo MR, Paolisso G. A/ASP/VAL allele combination of IGF1R, IRS2, and UCP2 genes is associated with better metabolic profile, preserved energy expenditure parameters, and low mortality rate in longevity. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:235-45. [PMID: 21340542 PMCID: PMC3260360 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
A large array of gene involved in human longevity seems to be in relationship with insulin/IGF1 pathway. However, if such genes interact each other, or with other genes, to reduce the age-related metabolic derangement and determine the long-lived phenotype has been poorly investigated. Thus, we tested the role of interchromosomal interactions among IGF1R, IRS2, and UCP2 genes on the probability to reach extreme old age in 722 unrelated Italian subjects (401 women and 321 men; mean age, 62.83 ± 25.30 years) enrolled between 1998 and 1999. In particular, the G/A-IGF1R, Gly/Asp-IRS2, and Ala/Val-UCP2 allele combination was tested for association with longevity, metabolic profile and energy expenditure parameters. The effect on all-cause and cause-specific mortality rate was also assessed after a mean follow-up of 6 years. The analysis revealed that AAV allele combination is associated with a decreased all-cause mortality risk (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.63-0.91; p = 0.03) and with a higher probability to reach the extreme of old age (OR, 3.185; 95% CI, 1.63-6.19; p = 0.0006). The analysis also revealed lower HOMA-IR (Diff, -0.532, 95% CI, 0.886-0.17; p = 0.003), higher respiratory quotient (Diff, 0.0363, 95% CI, 0.014-0.05; p = 0.001), and resting metabolic rate (Diff, 101.80693, 95% CI, -5.26-204.278; p = 0.038) for AAV allele combination. In conclusion, A-IGF1R/Asp-IRS2/Val-UCP2 allele combination is associated with a decreased all-cause mortality risk and with an increased chance of longevity. Such an effect is probably due to the combined effect of IGF1R, IRS2, and UCP2 genes on energy metabolism and on the age-related metabolic remodeling capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Boccardi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Esposito
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Papa
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Vestini
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Rizzo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Rose G, Crocco P, De Rango F, Montesanto A, Passarino G. Further support to the uncoupling-to-survive theory: the genetic variation of human UCP genes is associated with longevity. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29650. [PMID: 22216339 PMCID: PMC3246500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs) are a group of five mitochondrial inner membrane transporters with variable tissue expression, which seem to function as regulators of energy homeostasis and antioxidants. In particular, these proteins uncouple respiration from ATP production, allowing stored energy to be released as heat. Data from experimental models have previously suggested that UCPs may play an important role on aging rate and lifespan. We analyzed the genetic variability of human UCPs in cohorts of subjects ranging between 64 and 105 years of age (for a total of 598 subjects), to determine whether specific UCP variability affects human longevity. Indeed, we found that the genetic variability of UCP2, UCP3 and UCP4 do affect the individual's chances of surviving up to a very old age. This confirms the importance of energy storage, energy use and modulation of ROS production in the aging process. In addition, given the different localization of these UCPs (UCP2 is expressed in various tissues including brain, hearth and adipose tissue, while UCP3 is expressed in muscles and Brown Adipose Tissue and UCP4 is expressed in neuronal cells), our results may suggest that the uncoupling process plays an important role in modulating aging especially in muscular and nervous tissues, which are indeed very responsive to metabolic alterations and are very important in estimating health status and survival in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Rose
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Paolina Crocco
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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Rose G, Crocco P, D'Aquila P, Montesanto A, Bellizzi D, Passarino G. Two variants located in the upstream enhancer region of human UCP1 gene affect gene expression and are correlated with human longevity. Exp Gerontol 2011; 46:897-904. [PMID: 21827845 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The brown fat specific UnCoupling Protein 1 (UCP1) is involved in thermogenesis, a process by which energy is dissipated as heat in response to cold stress and excess of caloric intake. Thermogenesis has potential implications for body mass control and cellular fat metabolism. In fact, in humans, the variability of the UCP1 gene is associated with obesity, fat gain and metabolism. Since regulation of metabolism is one of the key-pathways in lifespan extension, we tested the possible effects of UCP1 variability on survival. Two polymorphisms (A-3826G and C-3740A), falling in the upstream promoter region of UCP1, were analyzed in a sample of 910 subjects from southern Italy (475 women and 435 men; age range 40-109). By analyzing haplotype specific survival functions we found that the A-C haplotype favors survival in the elderly. Consistently, transfection experiments showed that the luciferase activity of the construct containing the A-C haplotype was significantly higher than that containing the G-A haplotype. Interestingly, the different UCP1 haplotypes responded differently to hormonal stimuli. The results we present suggest a correlation between the activity of UCP1 and human survival, indicating once again the intricacy of mechanisms involved in energy production, storage and consumption as the key to understanding human aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Rose
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
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Hsu MJ, Wei SH, Chang YJ. Effect of neuromuscular electrical muscle stimulation on energy expenditure in healthy adults. SENSORS 2011; 11:1932-42. [PMID: 22319390 PMCID: PMC3274051 DOI: 10.3390/s110201932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Weight loss/weight control is a major concern in prevention of cardiovascular disease and the realm of health promotion. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) at different intensities on energy expenditure (oxygen and calories) in healthy adults. The secondary aim was to develop a generalized linear regression (GEE) model to predict the increase of energy expenditure facilitated by NMES and identify factors (NMES stimulation intensity level, age, body mass index, weight, body fat percentage, waist/hip ratio, and gender) associated with this NMES-induced increase of energy expenditure. Forty sedentary healthy adults (18 males and 22 females) participated. NMES was given at the following stimulation intensities for 10 minutes each: sensory level (E1), motor threshold (E2), and maximal intensity comfortably tolerated (E3). Cardiopulmonary gas exchange was evaluated during rest, NMES, and recovery stage. The results revealed that NMES at E2 and E3 significantly increased energy expenditure and the energy expenditure at recovery stage was still significantly higher than baseline. The GEE model demonstrated that a linear dose-response relationship existed between the stimulation intensity and the increase of energy expenditure. No subject’s demographic or anthropometric characteristics tested were significantly associated with the increase of energy expenditure. This study suggested NMES may be used to serve as an additional intervention for weight loss programs. Future studies to develop electrical stimulators or stimulation electrodes to maximize the comfort of NMES are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Ju Hsu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Hwa Wei
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Ya-Ju Chang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-3-2118800-5515; Fax: +886-3-2118421
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Meek TH, Lonquich BP, Hannon RM, Garland T. Endurance capacity of mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 212:2908-17. [PMID: 19717672 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.028886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mice from four lines bred for high voluntary wheel activity run approximately 3-fold more revolutions per day and have elevated maximal oxygen consumption during forced treadmill exercise, as compared with four unselected control (C) lines. We hypothesized that these high runner (HR) lines would have greater treadmill endurance-running capacity. Ninety-six mice from generation 49 were familiarized with running on a motorized treadmill for 3 days. On days 4 and 5, mice were given an incremental speed test (starting at 20 m min(-1), increased 1.5 m min(-1) every 2 min) and endurance was measured as the total time or distance run to exhaustion. Blood samples were taken to measure glucose and lactate concentrations at rest during the photophase, during peak nightly wheel running, and immediately following the second endurance test. Individual differences in endurance time were highly repeatable between days (r=0.79), and mice tended to run longer on the second day (paired t-test, P<0.0001). Blood glucose following the treadmill test was low for all animals ( approximately 53 mg dl(-1)) and lactate was high ( approximately 6.5 mmol l(-1)), suggesting that exhaustion occurred. The HR lines had significantly higher endurance than the C lines (1-tailed P<0.05), whether or not body mass was used as a covariate in the analysis. The relationship between line means for wheel running and treadmill endurance differed between the sexes, reinforcing previous studies that indicate sex-specific responses to selective breeding. HR mice appear to have a higher endurance capacity than reported in the literature for inbred strains of mice or transgenics intended to enhance endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Meek
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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St-Onge MP, Gallagher D. Body composition changes with aging: the cause or the result of alterations in metabolic rate and macronutrient oxidation? Nutrition 2009; 26:152-5. [PMID: 20004080 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
It has been well documented that as individuals age, body composition changes, even in the absence of changes in body weight. Studies have shown that fat mass increases and muscle mass decreases with age. However, it is unclear why such changes occur. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and substrate oxidation rates have been examined with aging. It has been proposed that reductions in RMR and fat oxidation may lead to changes in body composition. Alternatively, changes in body composition with aging may lead to reductions in RMR. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the literature surrounding the impact of aging on RMR and substrate oxidation. Although long-term longitudinal studies are lacking, most cross-sectional studies or short-term longitudinal studies show a reduction in RMR with aging that cannot be explained by changes in body composition including loss in fat-free mass, where the latter includes atrophy or decreases in the mass of high metabolic rate organs. There is indirect evidence suggesting that the metabolic rate of individual organs is lower in older compared with younger individuals. With aging, we conclude that reductions in the mass of individual organs/tissues and in tissue-specific organ metabolic rate contribute to a reduction in RMR that in turn promotes changes in body composition favoring increased fat mass and reduced fat-free mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- New York Obesity Research Center, St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
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Brewer GJ. Epigenetic oxidative redox shift (EORS) theory of aging unifies the free radical and insulin signaling theories. Exp Gerontol 2009; 45:173-9. [PMID: 19945522 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Harman's free radical theory of aging posits that oxidized macromolecules accumulate with age to decrease function and shorten life-span. However, nutritional and genetic interventions to boost anti-oxidants have generally failed to increase life-span. Furthermore, the free radical theory fails to explain why exercise causes higher levels of oxyradical damage, but generally promotes healthy aging. The separate anti-aging paradigms of genetic or caloric reductions in the insulin signaling pathway is thought to slow the rate of living to reduce metabolism, but recent evidence from Westbrook and Bartke suggests metabolism actually increases in long-lived mice. To unify these disparate theories and data, here, we propose the epigenetic oxidative redox shift (EORS) theory of aging. According to EORS, sedentary behavior associated with age triggers an oxidized redox shift and impaired mitochondrial function. In order to maintain resting energy levels, aerobic glycolysis is upregulated by redox-sensitive transcription factors. As emphasized by DeGrey, the need to supply NAD(+) for glucose oxidation and maintain redox balance with impaired mitochondrial NADH oxidoreductase requires the upregulation of other oxidoreductases. In contrast to the 2% inefficiency of mitochondrial reduction of oxygen to the oxyradical, these other oxidoreductases enable glycolytic energy production with a deleterious 100% efficiency in generating oxyradicals. To avoid this catastrophic cycle, lactate dehydrogenase is upregulated at the expense of lactic acid acidosis. This metabolic shift is epigenetically enforced, as is insulin resistance to reduce mitochondrial turnover. The low mitochondrial capacity for efficient production of energy reinforces a downward spiral of more sedentary behavior leading to accelerated aging, increased organ failure with stress, impaired immune and vascular functions and brain aging. Several steps in the pathway are amenable to reversal for exit from the vicious cycle of EORS. Examples from our work in the aging rodent brain as well as other aging models are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Brewer
- Kenneth Stark Endowed Chair in Alzheimer Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794-9626, USA.
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Ruggiero C, Metter EJ, Melenovsky V, Cherubini A, Najjar SS, Ble A, Senin U, Longo DL, Ferrucci L. High basal metabolic rate is a risk factor for mortality: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2008; 63:698-706. [PMID: 18693224 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/63.7.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite longstanding controversies from animal studies on the relationship between basal metabolic rate (BMR) and longevity, whether BMR is a risk factor for mortality has never been tested in humans. We evaluate the longitudinal changes in BMR and the relationship between BMR and mortality in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) participants. METHODS BMR and medical information were collected at the study entry and approximately every 2 years in 1227 participants (972 men) over a 40-year follow-up. BMR, expressed as kcal/m(2)/h, was estimated from the basal O(2) consumption and CO(2) production measured by open-circuit method. Data on all-cause and specific-cause mortality were also obtained. RESULT BMR declined with age at a rate that accelerated at older ages. Independent of age, participants who died had a higher BMR compared to those who survived. BMR was a significant risk factor for mortality independent of secular trends in mortality and other well-recognized risk factors for mortality, such as age, body mass index, smoking, white blood cell count, and diabetes. BMR was nonlinearly associated with mortality. The lowest mortality rate was found in the BMR range 31.3-33.9 kcal/m(2)/h. Participants with BMR in the range 33.9-36.4 kcal/m(2)/h and above the threshold of 36.4 kcal/m(2)/h experienced 28% (hazard ratio: 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.61) and 53% (hazard ratio: 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-1.96) higher mortality risk compared to participants with BMR 31.3-33.9 kcal/m(2)/h. CONCLUSION We confirm previous findings of an age-related decline of BMR. In our study, a blunted age-related decline in BMR was associated with higher mortality, suggesting that such condition reflects poor health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelinda Ruggiero
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21225, USA.
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25
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Froehle AW. Climate variables as predictors of basal metabolic rate: New equations. Am J Hum Biol 2008; 20:510-29. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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26
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Salvioli S, Capri M, Santoro A, Raule N, Sevini F, Lukas S, Lanzarini C, Monti D, Passarino G, Rose G, De Benedictis G, Franceschi C. The impact of mitochondrial DNA on human lifespan: a view from studies on centenarians. Biotechnol J 2008; 3:740-9. [PMID: 18548739 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200800046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of inherited and somatic mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in aging and longevity is complex and highly controversial, owing to its peculiar genetics, including the phenomenon of heteroplasmy. Most of the data on mtDNA and longevity have been obtained on humans and particularly on centenarians, i. e., people who escaped or delayed the major age-related pathologies and reached the extreme limit of human lifespan. In this review we summarize the most recent advances in this field that suggest a consistent role in human longevity of both germ-line inherited and somatically acquired mutations. The particular case of the association with longevity of the somatic C150T mutation is extensively discussed, challenging the tenet that mtDNA mutations are basically detrimental. We also stress several limitations of our present knowledge, regarding the difficulty in extrapolating to humans the results obtained in animal models, owing to a variety of biological differences, including the very limited genetic variability of mtDNA in the strains used in laboratory experiments. The use of high-throughput technologies and the extensive analysis, possibly at the single cell level, of different tissues and cell types derived from the same individual will help in disentangling the complexity of mtDNA in aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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27
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Hulbert AJ, Pamplona R, Buffenstein R, Buttemer WA. Life and death: metabolic rate, membrane composition, and life span of animals. Physiol Rev 2007; 87:1175-213. [PMID: 17928583 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00047.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 580] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maximum life span differences among animal species exceed life span variation achieved by experimental manipulation by orders of magnitude. The differences in the characteristic maximum life span of species was initially proposed to be due to variation in mass-specific rate of metabolism. This is called the rate-of-living theory of aging and lies at the base of the oxidative-stress theory of aging, currently the most generally accepted explanation of aging. However, the rate-of-living theory of aging while helpful is not completely adequate in explaining the maximum life span. Recently, it has been discovered that the fatty acid composition of cell membranes varies systematically between species, and this underlies the variation in their metabolic rate. When combined with the fact that 1) the products of lipid peroxidation are powerful reactive molecular species, and 2) that fatty acids differ dramatically in their susceptibility to peroxidation, membrane fatty acid composition provides a mechanistic explanation of the variation in maximum life span among animal species. When the connection between metabolic rate and life span was first proposed a century ago, it was not known that membrane composition varies between species. Many of the exceptions to the rate-of-living theory appear explicable when the particular membrane fatty acid composition is considered for each case. Here we review the links between metabolic rate and maximum life span of mammals and birds as well as the linking role of membrane fatty acid composition in determining the maximum life span. The more limited information for ectothermic animals and treatments that extend life span (e.g., caloric restriction) are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Hulbert
- Metabolic Research Centre, Institute for Conservation Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
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28
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Taguchi A, Wartschow LM, White MF. Brain IRS2 signaling coordinates life span and nutrient homeostasis. Science 2007; 317:369-72. [PMID: 17641201 DOI: 10.1126/science.1142179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Reduced insulin-like signaling extends the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila. Here, we show that, in mice, less insulin receptor substrate-2 (Irs2) signaling throughout the body or just in the brain extended life span up to 18%. At 22 months of age, brain-specific Irs2 knockout mice were overweight, hyperinsulinemic, and glucose intolerant; however, compared with control mice, they were more active and displayed greater glucose oxidation, and during meals they displayed stable superoxide dismutase-2 concentrations in the hypothalamus. Thus, less Irs2 signaling in aging brains can promote healthy metabolism, attenuate meal-induced oxidative stress, and extend the life span of overweight and insulin-resistant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Taguchi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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29
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Baranowska B, Wolinska-Witort E, Bik W, Baranowska-Bik A, Martynska L, Broczek K, Mossakowska M, Chmielowska M. Evaluation of neuroendocrine status in longevity. Neurobiol Aging 2007; 28:774-83. [PMID: 16698123 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2005] [Revised: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that physiological changes in the neuroendocrine system may be related to the process of aging. To assess neuroendocrine status in aging humans we studied a group of 155 women including 78 extremely old women (centenarians) aged 100-115 years, 21 early elderly women aged 64-67 years, 21 postmenopausal women aged 50-60 years and 35 younger women aged 20-50 years. Plasma NPY, leptin, glucose, insulin and lipid profiles were evaluated, and serum concentrations of pituitary, adrenal and thyroid hormones were measured. Our data revealed several differences in the neuroendocrine and metabolic status of centenarians, compared with other age groups, including the lowest serum concentrations of leptin, insulin and T3, and the highest values for prolactin. We failed to find any significant differences in TSH and cortisol levels. On the other hand, LH and FSH levels were comparable with those in the elderly and postmenopausal groups, but they were significantly higher than in younger subjects. GH concentrations in centenarians were lower than in younger women. NPY values were highest in the elderly group and lowest in young subjects. We conclude that the neuroendocrine status in centenarians is markedly different from that found in early elderly or young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boguslawa Baranowska
- Neuroendocrinology Department, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Marymoncka 99, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
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30
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Gaillard C, Alix E, Sallé A, Berrut G, Ritz P. Energy requirements in frail elderly people: A review of the literature. Clin Nutr 2007; 26:16-24. [PMID: 17034905 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2006.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Accepted: 08/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This review collates studies of healthy, sick, underweight (BMI < or = 21 kg/m2) and very elderly people (> or = 90 yr), in whom resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured using indirect calorimetry. We have observed the following: (1) REE, when adjusted for differences in both body weight and fat-free mass (FFM), is similar in healthy and in sick elderly people being 20 and 28 kcal/kg of FFM per day, respectively, (2) their nutritional status influences their energy requirements given that weight-adjusted REE increases in line with a decrease in BMI, (3) total energy expenditure is lower in sick elderly people given that their physical activity level, i.e. the ratio of total energy expenditure to REE, is reduced during disease averaging at 1.36, (4) energy intake (EI) being only 1.23 x REE is insufficient to cover energy requirements in sick elderly patients, whereas the EI of healthy elderly people appears sufficient to cover requirements, and finally, (5) gender ceases to be a determinant of REE in people aged 60 yr or over, with the Harris & Benedict equation capable of accurately predicting mean REE in this population, whether healthy or sick.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gaillard
- Pôle de médecine interne et maladies métaboliques, Angers, France
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31
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Ritz P, Berrut G. Mitochondrial function, energy expenditure, aging and insulin resistance. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2005; 31 Spec No 2:5S67-5S73. [PMID: 16415768 DOI: 10.1016/s1262-3636(05)73654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the cells' powerhouse that produce the ubiquitous energy currency (ATP) by consuming oxygen, producing water and building up the proton motive force. Oxygen consumption is a classical means of assessing energy expenditure, one component of energy balance. When energy balance is positive, weight increases. This is observed during the dynamic phase of obesity, and during body composition changes associated with aging. Whether intrinsic defaults in mitochondria occur is the matter of this review. Indeed, the ratio of ATP over oxygen consumed, which is not fixed, is one way of regulating heat release and ATP flux, but can also be the consequence of environmental conditions of mitochondrial work. For example, various hormones (T3, glucocorticoids), changes in lipid membrane composition, changes in food intake and exercise, and various drugs, can modify the ratio of ATP over oxygen consumed. Aging and insulin resistance are other regulators of this ratio. Finally there is a rising body of evidence linking diabetes to mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ritz
- INSERM UMR 694, Pôle médecine interne et maladies métaboliques, Angers, France.
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