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Bracho GS, Acosta MV, Altamirano GA, Alcaraz MR, Montemurro M, Culzoni MJ, Rossetti MF, Kass L, Luque EH, Bosquiazzo VL. Uterine histopathology and steroid metabolism in a polycystic ovary syndrome rat model. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 585:112198. [PMID: 38467370 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate uterine lesions, uterine endocrine status and expression of genes involved in uterine differentiation in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The possible involvement of the androgen receptor (AR) was also investigated. PCOS rats showed an increased incidence of uterine epithelial and glandular lesions and elevated serum testosterone level, which was not detected in uterine tissue. Uterine 17β-estradiol, estrone and progesterone were detected in 100%, 75% and 50% of the animals, respectively. This was associated with a decrease in Star and an increase in Hsd17b2, Srd5a1 and Cyp19a1, suggesting that uterine steroids are not synthesized de novo in PCOS and that alterations in these enzymes may explain the absence of testosterone and low progesterone. In addition, ESR2 decreased and AR increased, suggesting possible steroid receptor crosstalk. Genes associated with uterine differentiation, PTEN and WNT5a, also showed reduced expression. PCOS rats treated with flutamide, an AR antagonist, were similar to PCOS rats in terms of uterine lesions, serum steroid levels, ESR2, PTEN and WNT5a expression. However, testosterone, AR and aromatase levels were similar to control rats, with decreased expression of ESR1 and HOXA10, suggesting that these expressions are AR dependent. Our results suggest that the primary cause of the observed uterine lesions in the PCOS rat model is the altered endocrine status and consequently changes in genes related to uterine differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Soledad Bracho
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Departamento de Química General e Inorgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Virginia Acosta
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Anahí Altamirano
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mirta Raquel Alcaraz
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Milagros Montemurro
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Julia Culzoni
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Rossetti
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Laura Kass
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Enrique Hugo Luque
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Verónica Lis Bosquiazzo
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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James DW, Quintela M, Lucini L, Alkafri NK, Healey GD, Younas K, Bunkheila A, Margarit L, Francis LW, Gonzalez D, Conlan RS. Homeobox regulator Wilms Tumour 1 is displaced by androgen receptor at cis-regulatory elements in the endometrium of PCOS patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1368494. [PMID: 38745948 PMCID: PMC11091321 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1368494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Decidualisation, the process whereby endometrial stromal cells undergo morphological and functional transformation in preparation for trophoblast invasion, is often disrupted in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) resulting in complications with pregnancy and/or infertility. The transcription factor Wilms tumour suppressor 1 (WT1) is a key regulator of the decidualization process, which is reduced in patients with PCOS, a complex condition characterized by increased expression of androgen receptor in endometrial cells and high presence of circulating androgens. Using genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation approaches on primary human endometrial stromal cells, we identify key genes regulated by WT1 during decidualization, including homeobox transcription factors which are important for regulating cell differentiation. Furthermore, we found that AR in PCOS patients binds to the same DNA regions as WT1 in samples from healthy endometrium, suggesting dysregulation of genes important to decidualisation pathways in PCOS endometrium due to competitive binding between WT1 and AR. Integrating RNA-seq and H3K4me3 and H3K27ac ChIP-seq metadata with our WT1/AR data, we identified a number of key genes involved in immune response and angiogenesis pathways that are dysregulated in PCOS patients. This is likely due to epigenetic alterations at distal enhancer regions allowing AR to recruit cofactors such as MAGEA11, and demonstrates the consequences of AR disruption of WT1 in PCOS endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. James
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lisa Lucini
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Kinza Younas
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Adnan Bunkheila
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Lavinia Margarit
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
- Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Bridgend, United Kingdom
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3
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Tan H, Long P, Xiao H. Dissecting the shared genetic architecture between endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1359236. [PMID: 38742190 PMCID: PMC11089172 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1359236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous study suggested evidence for coexistence and similarities between endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but it is unclear regarding the shared genetic architecture and causality underlying the phenotypic similarities observed for endometriosis and PCOS. Methods By leveraging summary statistics from public genome-wide association studies regarding endometriosis (European-based: N=470,866) and PCOS (European-based: N=210,870), we explored the genetic correlation that shared between endometriosis and PCOS using linkage disequilibrium score regression. Shared risk SNPs were derived using PLACO (Pleiotropic analysis under composite null hypothesis) and FUMA (Functional Mapping and Annotation of Genetic Associations). The potential causal association between endometriosis and PCOS was investigated using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Linkage disequilibrium score for the specific expression of genes analysis (LDSC-SEG) were performed for tissue enrichment analysis. The expression profiles of the risk gene in tissues were further examined. Results A positive genetic association was observed between endometriosis and PCOS. 12 significant pleiotropic loci shared between endometriosis and PCOS were identified. Genetic associations between endometriosis and PCOS were particularly enriched in uterus, endometrium and fallopian tube. Two-sample MR analysis further indicated a potential causative effect of endometriosis on PCOS, and vice versa. Microarray and RNA-seq verified the expressions of SYNE1 and DNM3 were significantly altered in the endometrium of patients with endometriosis or PCOS compared to those of control subjects. Conclusion Our study indicates the genetic correlation and shared risk genes between PCOS and endometriosis. These findings provide insights into the potential mechanisms behind their comorbidity and the future development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjing Tan
- Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, Center of Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Panpan Long
- Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, Center of Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Genetics, Changsha Jiangwan Maternity Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmei Xiao
- Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, Center of Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Lacconi V, Massimiani M, Carriero I, Bianco C, Ticconi C, Pavone V, Alteri A, Muzii L, Rago R, Pisaturo V, Campagnolo L. When the Embryo Meets the Endometrium: Identifying the Features Required for Successful Embryo Implantation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2834. [PMID: 38474081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of the optimal number of embryos, their quality, and the precise timing for transfer are critical determinants in reproductive success, although still remaining one of the main challenges in assisted reproduction technologies (ART). Indeed, the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments relies on a multitude of events and factors involving both the endometrium and the embryo. Despite concerted efforts on both fronts, the overall success rates of IVF techniques continue to range between 25% and 30%. The role of the endometrium in implantation has been recently recognized, leading to the hypothesis that both the "soil" and the "seed" play a central role in a successful pregnancy. In this respect, identification of the molecular signature of endometrial receptivity together with the selection of the best embryo for transfer become crucial in ART. Currently, efforts have been made to develop accurate, predictive, and personalized tests to identify the window of implantation and the best quality embryo. However, the value of these tests is still debated, as conflicting results are reported in the literature. The purpose of this review is to summarize and critically report the available criteria to optimize the success of embryo transfer and to better understand current limitations and potential areas for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lacconi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Micol Massimiani
- Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Carriero
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Bianco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Ticconi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Pavone
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Alteri
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovico Muzii
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Rago
- Physiopathology of Reproduction and Andrology Unit, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Via dei Monti Tiburtini 385/389, 00157 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Pisaturo
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Campagnolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Matsuyama S, Whiteside S, Li SY. Implantation and Decidualization in PCOS: Unraveling the Complexities of Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1203. [PMID: 38256276 PMCID: PMC10816633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, affecting 5-15% globally with a large proportion undiagnosed. This review explores the multifaceted nature of PCOS and its impact on pregnancy, including challenges in fertility due to hormonal imbalances and insulin resistance. Despite restoring ovulation pharmacologically, women with PCOS face lower pregnancy rates and higher risks of implantation failure and miscarriage. Our review focuses on the complexities of hormonal and metabolic imbalances that impair endometrial receptivity and decidualization in PCOS. Disrupted estrogen signaling, reduced integrity of endometrial epithelial tight junctions, and insulin resistance impair the window of endometrial receptivity. Furthermore, progesterone resistance adversely affects decidualization. Our review also examines the roles of various immune cells and inflammatory processes in the endometrium, contributing to the condition's reproductive challenges. Lastly, we discuss the use of rodent models in understanding PCOS, particularly those induced by hormonal interventions, offering insights into the syndrome's impact on pregnancy and potential treatments. This comprehensive review underscores the need for advanced understanding and treatment strategies to address the reproductive complications associated with PCOS, emphasizing its intricate interplay of hormonal, metabolic, and immune factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shu-Yun Li
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (S.M.); (S.W.)
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Zhong J, Li J, Burton GJ, Koistinen H, Cheung KW, Ng EHY, Yao Y, Yeung WSB, Lee CL, Chiu PCN. The functional roles of protein glycosylation in human maternal-fetal crosstalk. Hum Reprod Update 2024; 30:81-108. [PMID: 37699855 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The establishment of maternal-fetal crosstalk is vital to a successful pregnancy. Glycosylation is a post-translational modification in which glycans (monosaccharide chains) are attached to an organic molecule. Glycans are involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Human endometrial epithelium, endometrial gland secretions, decidual immune cells, and trophoblasts are highly enriched with glycoconjugates and glycan-binding molecules important for a healthy pregnancy. Aberrant glycosylation in the placenta and uterus has been linked to repeated implantation failure and various pregnancy complications, but there is no recent review summarizing the functional roles of glycosylation at the maternal-fetal interface and their associations with pathological processes. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review aims to summarize recent findings on glycosylation, glycosyltransferases, and glycan-binding receptors at the maternal-fetal interface, and their involvement in regulating the biology and pathological conditions associated with endometrial receptivity, placentation and maternal-fetal immunotolerance. Current knowledge limitations and future insights into the study of glycobiology in reproduction are discussed. SEARCH METHODS A comprehensive PubMed search was conducted using the following keywords: glycosylation, glycosyltransferases, glycan-binding proteins, endometrium, trophoblasts, maternal-fetal immunotolerance, siglec, selectin, galectin, repeated implantation failure, early pregnancy loss, recurrent pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction. Relevant reports published between 1980 and 2023 and studies related to these reports were retrieved and reviewed. Only publications written in English were included. OUTCOMES The application of ultrasensitive mass spectrometry tools and lectin-based glycan profiling has enabled characterization of glycans present at the maternal-fetal interface and in maternal serum. The endometrial luminal epithelium is covered with highly glycosylated mucin that regulates blastocyst adhesion during implantation. In the placenta, fucose and sialic acid residues are abundantly presented on the villous membrane and are essential for proper placentation and establishment of maternal-fetal immunotolerance. Glycan-binding receptors, including selectins, sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (siglecs) and galectins, also modulate implantation, trophoblast functions and maternal-fetal immunotolerance. Aberrant glycosylation is associated with repeated implantation failure, early pregnancy loss and various pregnancy complications. The current limitation in the field is that most glycobiological research relies on association studies, with few studies revealing the specific functions of glycans. Technological advancements in analytic, synthetic and functional glycobiology have laid the groundwork for further exploration of glycans in reproductive biology under both physiological and pathological conditions. WIDER IMPLICATIONS A deep understanding of the functions of glycan structures would provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying their involvement in the physiological and pathological regulation of early pregnancy. Glycans may also potentially serve as novel early predictive markers and therapeutic targets for repeated implantation failure, pregnancy loss, and other pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangming Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Graham J Burton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ka Wang Cheung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Ernest H Y Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanqing Yao
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - William S B Yeung
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheuk-Lun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Philip C N Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Zhang H, Zhang C, Zhang S. Single-Cell RNA Transcriptome of the Human Endometrium Reveals Epithelial Characterizations Associated with Recurrent Implantation Failure. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300110. [PMID: 37690851 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) remains a complex and poorly characterized disorder despite significant advancements in assisted reproductive technology. This study utilizes single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize the mid-secretory endometrium of RIF patients. Stromal fibroblast-enriched and epithelium-enriched populations are collected using a two-step dissociation process. After quality control, 25,315 individual cells from 3 RIF patients are analyzed. The analysis identifies 12 distinct cell types, including 6 subtypes of epithelial cells. Significantly, the study reveals the replacement of glandular epithelia with MAP2K6+ EPCAMDIM epithelia in the endometrial glands of RIF patients. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that endometrial gland organoids derived from RIF patients exhibit diminished responses to sex steroids compared to the controls. Single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC) analysis identifies cell-specific cis-regulatory elements and constructed regulatory networks in both groups, showing alterations gene-regulatory networks in RIF patients. Cell-cell communication analysis distinguishes intercellular communication between the two groups, shedding light on disrupted cellular interactions associated with RIF. In summary, these findings provide valuable insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying RIF, highlighting the roles of epithelial cells in the implantation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
| | - Chanyu Zhang
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory for Reproduction and Development of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
| | - Shen Zhang
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory for Reproduction and Development of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
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Alam M, Mustari A, Miah MA, Sujan KM, Chowdhury EH. Effects of varying doses of conjugated estrogen on body weight, hormonal and histological alterations of reproductive organs in adult swiss albino female mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15112. [PMID: 37095990 PMCID: PMC10121826 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens are a group of hormones that have diverse effects on both reproductive and non-reproductive organs. Conjugated estrogens are medicine that contains a mixture of estrogen hormones. The study was conducted to observe the effects of varying doses of conjugated estrogen on body weight, hormonal and histological alterations of reproductive organs in adult swiss albino female mice. In this study, 60 female swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) aged 28-30 days with an average body weight of 28.2 ± 1 g were used. At first, the mice were randomly divided into 4 groups each containing 15 mice. Group A was served as vehicle control and fed on standard mice pellet and fresh drinking water. While, groups B, C and D were administered with conjugated estrogen orally at the daily dose rate of 125 μg, 250 μg and 500 μg/kg body weight respectively with 1 mL sesame oil as a vehicle by mixing with feed. The experiment was carried out for 90 days. After humanly euthanized, blood was collected and serum was prepared and organs were collected for histopathology. The results revealed that higher doses of conjugated estrogen resulted in weight loss in premenopausal female mice compared to lower doses. Serum estrogen and thyroxine concentration was increased significantly following the doses of conjugated estrogen. Ovarian histotexture showed congested blood vessels and cystic space with degeneration of follicles and corpus luteum. Uterine lesions included massive macrophage infiltration in endometrium and hyperplasia of glandular epithelium at a lower dose; hyperplasia and hypertrophy of glandular epithelium (pleomorphism) with normal macrophage infiltration in endometrium at a higher dose. Therefore, it can be concluded that oral conjugated estrogen therapy at high dose has more detrimental impacts on body weight and reproductive function compared to lower dose in female adult mice.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To succinctly review the basic mechanisms of implantation and luteal phase endometrial differentiation, the etiologies of impaired endometrial function and receptivity, and the current methods that exist to evaluate and treat impaired endometrial receptivity. RECENT FINDINGS Human embryo implantation requires bidirectional communication between blastocyst and a receptive endometrium. Etiologies of impaired endometrial receptivity are varied. Some of these include delayed endometrial maturation, structural abnormalities, inflammation, and progesterone resistance. Current methods to evaluate endometrial receptivity include ultrasonography, hysteroscopy, and endometrial biopsy. Treatments are limited, but include operative hysteroscopy, treatment of endometriosis, and personalized timing of embryo transfer. SUMMARY Although some mechanisms of impaired endometrial receptivity are well understood, treatment options remain limited. Future efforts should be directed towards developing interventions targeted towards the known mediators of impaired endometrial receptivity.
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Liu S, Hong L, Lian R, Xiao S, Li Y, Diao L, Zeng Y. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Endometrial Dynamics in Normoweight and Overweight/Obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women. Front Genet 2022; 13:874487. [PMID: 35646061 PMCID: PMC9136323 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.874487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to identify the transcriptomic characteristics of the endometrium in normoweight and overweight/obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) potentially underlying the pathogenesis. This study included 38 patients undergoing in vitro fertilization: 22 women with PCOS and 16 matched controls. Each of the groups was subdivided into normoweight (body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2) and overweight/obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) subgroups. Endometrium samples were collected in the secretory phase from controls or in a modeled secretory phase using daily administration of progesterone from women with PCOS before in vitro fertilization treatment. Transcriptome profiles were assessed by high-throughput RNA sequencing to investigate distinct endometrial gene expression patterns in PCOS. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the endometrium from PCOS expresses significantly different transcripts encoding endometrial receptivity, inflammatory response, angiogenesis, and energy metabolism. Additionally, our study demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes between normoweight and overweight/obese PCOS are involved in fatty acid metabolism, endometrial decidualization, and immune response. For the first time, we have described the transcriptome characteristics of normoweight and overweight/obese PCOS endometria. Our results indicate different endometrial gene expressions between different subtypes of PCOS and non-PCOS women, which might affect endometrial functions in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lianghui Diao
- *Correspondence: Lianghui Diao, ; Yong Zeng, , orcid.org/0000-0002-6264-283X
| | - Yong Zeng
- *Correspondence: Lianghui Diao, ; Yong Zeng, , orcid.org/0000-0002-6264-283X
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Morphological remodeling in mouse vagina due to hormonal hypersecretion. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.37.1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Wang C, Wen YX, Mai QY. Impact of metabolic disorders on endometrial receptivity in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:221. [PMID: 35222698 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the expression of endometrial receptivity-related molecules in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and different androgen status, insulin resistance (IR) levels, and body mass indexes (BMI) to identify the mechanism underlying their effects on pregnancy outcomes. The present study recruited 43 participants from November 2020 to January 2021, which were classified into five groups: i) Hyperandrogenemia (HA) combined with impaired glucose tolerance group (n=8); ii) HA combined with diabetes mellitus group (n=8); iii) HA combined with non-IR (NIR) group (n=10); iv) non-HA (NHA) androgen combined with IR group (n=8); and v) NHA combined with NIR group (n=9). In addition, according to their BMIs, patients were sub-grouped into lean/normal (n=27), overweight (n=8) or obese (n=8) groups. The mRNA expression levels of endometrial receptivity-related molecules were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. In addition, flow cytometry was used to determine the phenotype and percentage of uterine natural killer cells (uNK). According to the results, patients with PCOS and IR status, HA and obesity (BMI ≥24 kg/m2) demonstrated significantly decreased mRNA expression levels of adiponectin, adiponectin receptor (AdipoR)1, AdipoR2, adapter protein containing PH domain, PTB domain and leucine zipper motif 1, estrogen receptor (ER) α, ERβ, progesterone receptor (PR), IL-15, integrin β3 avβ3, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, but increased mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and IL-8 compared with NHA + NIR group or lean/normal group, respectively. In addition, obese patients with PCOS demonstrated increased mRNA expression levels of PR compared with overweight patients. This suggested that insulin resistant status, HA, and obesity could alter the endometrial receptivity of patients with PCOS, which may explain poorer embryo implantation and pregnancy outcomes in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Xing Wen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Yun Mai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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13
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Pathare ADS, Hinduja I, Mahadik RC. Basic aspects of endometrial receptivity in PCOS patients. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:1519-1528. [PMID: 34988892 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06976-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder commonly affecting the reproductive capacity of women leading to infertility. PCOS-related infertility is majorly due to anovulation; however, it is not the only cause. The defective endometrium causing recurrent miscarriage and implantation failure can also be accountable for infertility in PCOS women. The unusual levels of hormones and their receptors in the PCOS endometrium have a hostile effect during WOI, making the microenvironment unfavorable for embryo implantation. To date, many studies have been performed to determine the role of candidate genes in endometrial receptivity but very limited data is available using whole genome approach. This review aims at summarizing the existing studies on the basic aspects of endometrial receptivity in PCOS. The review focuses on aberrant levels of hormones and their receptors in the endometrium, affecting the receptivity. Additionally, it explores the novel approach reviewing the effect on treatment options administered for ovulation induction in PCOS on their endometrial receptivity. Overall, this review will help us to understand the molecular milieu in PCOS endometrium and its effect on the receptivity potential. However, to have a thorough understanding of the mechanistic approach of hormonal imbalance in PCOS on endometrial receptivity, there is a need to give more weightage to genome-wide studies in the future. The current review will further guide us to formulate future studies using whole genome technologies for the assessment of endometrial receptivity in different cohorts of PCOS women, which may have future diagnostic implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta D S Pathare
- Department of IVF and Research, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, 400016, India
| | - Indira Hinduja
- Department of IVF and Research, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, 400016, India.
| | - Roshani C Mahadik
- Department of IVF and Research, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, 400016, India
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14
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Xue Z, Li J, Feng J, Han H, Zhao J, Zhang J, Han Y, Wu X, Zhang Y. Research Progress on the Mechanism Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Abnormal Endometrium. Front Physiol 2022; 12:788772. [PMID: 34975540 PMCID: PMC8718643 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.788772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a highly dynamic tissue, the endometrium is periodically shed in response to the secretion of estrogen and progesterone. After menarche, the endometrium of healthy women proliferates and differentiates under the action of steroid hormones (e.g., 17β-estradiol and progesterone) that are secreted by the ovaries to provide appropriate conditions for embryo implantation. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder in reproductive-aged women, is usually associated with multiple cysts within the ovaries and excess levels of androgen and is characterized by hirsutism, acne, menstrual irregularity, infertility, and increased risk of insulin resistance. Multiple factors, such as anovulation, endocrine-metabolic abnormalities, and inflammation, can disrupt the endometrium in PCOS patients and can lead to endometrial hyperplasia, pregnancy complications, or even cancer. Despite many recent studies, the relationship between PCOS and abnormal endometrial function is still not fully understood. In this review, we investigate the correlation of PCOS patient endometrium with anovulation, hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, progesterone resistance, and inflammatory cytokines, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of disorders caused by endometrial dysfunction in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Xue
- The graduate school, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Juanli Li
- The graduate school, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaxing Feng
- The graduate school, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Han Han
- The First Clinical Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Second Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhua Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoke Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yuehui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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15
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Farghali HA, AbdElKader NA, Fathi M, Emam IA, AbuBakr HO, Alijuaydi SH, Salem NY, Khattab MS, Salama A, Ramadan ES, Yehia SG, Abdelnaby EA. The efficiency of intrauterine infusion of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of acute endometritis as assessed by endoscopic, Doppler, oxidative, immunohistochemical, and gene expression alterations in jennies. Theriogenology 2022; 181:147-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Morphological transitions are typically attributed to the actions of proteins and lipids. Largely overlooked in membrane shape regulation is the glycocalyx, a pericellular membrane coat that resides on all cells in the human body. Comprised of complex sugar polymers known as glycans as well as glycosylated lipids and proteins, the glycocalyx is ideally positioned to impart forces on the plasma membrane. Large, unstructured polysaccharides and glycoproteins in the glycocalyx can generate crowding pressures strong enough to induce membrane curvature. Stress may also originate from glycan chains that convey curvature preference on asymmetrically distributed lipids, which are exploited by binding factors and infectious agents to induce morphological changes. Through such forces, the glycocalyx can have profound effects on the biogenesis of functional cell surface structures as well as the secretion of extracellular vesicles. In this review, we discuss recent evidence and examples of these mechanisms in normal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Chin-Hun Kuo
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; ,
| | - Matthew J Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; , .,Field of Biomedical Engineering and Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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17
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Palomba S. Is fertility reduced in ovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome? An opinion paper. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:2421-2428. [PMID: 34333641 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility; however, whether women with PCOS and spontaneous or drug-induced ovulatory cycles have the same reproductive potential as non-PCOS controls is a matter of debate. In the present opinion paper, the author takes the opportunity to summarize the collective evidence supporting the hypothesis of reduced fertility potential in women with PCOS, regardless of ovulatory status, and speculate that reduced reproductive potential may be caused by altered oocytes, embryo and endometrial competence, and infertility-related co-morbidities as well as an increased risk of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Palomba
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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18
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Tkaczuk-Włach J, Kędzierski W, Jonik I, Sadok I, Filip A, Kankofer M, Polkowski W, Ziółkowski P, Gamian A, Staniszewska M. Immunomodulatory Factors in Primary Endometrial Cell Cultures Isolated from Cancer and Noncancerous Human Tissue-Focus on RAGE and IDO1. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051013. [PMID: 33922995 PMCID: PMC8145962 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immune modulatory factors like indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) generating kynurenine (Kyn) and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) contribute to endometrial and cancer microenvironment. Using adequate experimental models is needed to learn about the significance of these molecular factors in endometrial biology. In this paper we study IDO1 activity and RAGE expression in the in vitro cultured primary human endometrial cells derived from cancerous and noncancerous tissue. Methods: The generated primary cell cultures from cancer and noncancerous endometrial tissues were characterized using immunofluorescence and Western Blot for expression of endometrial and cancer markers. IDO1 activity was studied by Kyn quantification with High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector. Results: The primary cultures of endometrial cells were obtained with 80% success rate and no major genetic aberrations. The cells retained in vitro expression of markers (mucin MUC1 and HER2) or immunomodulatory factors (RAGE and IDO1). Increased Kyn secretion was associated with cancer endometrial cell culture in contrast to the control one. Conclusions: Primary endometrial cells express immune modulatory factors RAGE and IDO1 in vitro associated with cancer phenotype of endometrium.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Endometrial Neoplasms/genetics
- Endometrial Neoplasms/immunology
- Endometrial Neoplasms/metabolism
- Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology
- Endometrium/immunology
- Endometrium/metabolism
- Endometrium/pathology
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunomodulation
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Kynurenine/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Primary Cell Culture
- Prognosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Tkaczuk-Włach
- Diagnostic Techniques Unit, Collegium Maximum, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 4/6, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Witold Kędzierski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (I.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Ilona Jonik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (I.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynow 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agata Filip
- Department of Cancer Genetics with Cytogenetic Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwillowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marta Kankofer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (I.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Wojciech Polkowski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwillowska 13, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piotr Ziółkowski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Staniszewska
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynow 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
- SDS Optic S.A., Centrum ECOTECH-COMPLEX, Block A, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-814-545-621
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19
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Howard D, James D, Murphy K, Garcia-Parra J, Pan-Castillo B, Rex S, Moul A, Jones E, Bilbao-Asensio M, Michue-Seijas S, Lutchman-Singh K, Margarit L, Francis LW, Rees P, Gonzalez D, Conlan RS. Dinaciclib, a Bimodal Agent Effective against Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1135. [PMID: 33800911 PMCID: PMC7962054 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the sixth most prevalent female cancer globally and although high rates of success are achieved when diagnosed at an early stage, the 5-year survival rate for cancers diagnosed at Stages II-IV is below 50%. Improving patient outcomes will necessitate the introduction of novel therapies to the clinic. Pan-cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKis) have been explored as therapies for a range of cancers due to their ability to simultaneously target multiple key cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, transcription, and DNA repair. Few studies, however, have reported on their potential for the treatment of EC. Herein, we examined the effects of the pan-CDKi dinaciclib in primary cells isolated directly from tumors and EC cell lines. Dinaciclib was shown to elicit a bimodal action in EC cell lines, disrupting both cell cycle progression and phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase carboxy terminal domain, with a concomitant reduction in Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of combining dinaciclib and cisplatin was explored, with the drugs demonstrating synergy at specific doses in Type I and Type II EC cell lines. Together, these results highlight the potential of dinaciclib for use as an effective EC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Howard
- Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (D.H.); (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (B.P.-C.); (L.W.F.); (D.G.)
| | - David James
- Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (D.H.); (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (B.P.-C.); (L.W.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Kate Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK; (K.M.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Jezabel Garcia-Parra
- Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (D.H.); (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (B.P.-C.); (L.W.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Belen Pan-Castillo
- Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (D.H.); (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (B.P.-C.); (L.W.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Stuart Rex
- Department of Pathology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK; (K.M.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Annemarie Moul
- Department of Pathology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK; (K.M.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Eilir Jones
- Department of Pathology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK; (K.M.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Marc Bilbao-Asensio
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (M.B.-A.); (S.M.-S.)
| | - Saul Michue-Seijas
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (M.B.-A.); (S.M.-S.)
| | - Kerryn Lutchman-Singh
- Department of Gynaecology Oncology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK;
| | - Lavinia Margarit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Princess of Wales Hospital, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Bridgend CF31 1RQ, UK;
| | - Lewis W. Francis
- Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (D.H.); (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (B.P.-C.); (L.W.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Paul Rees
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK;
| | - Deyarina Gonzalez
- Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (D.H.); (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (B.P.-C.); (L.W.F.); (D.G.)
| | - R. Steven Conlan
- Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (D.H.); (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (B.P.-C.); (L.W.F.); (D.G.)
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20
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Xu XL, Deng SL, Lian ZX, Yu K. Estrogen Receptors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020459. [PMID: 33669960 PMCID: PMC7924872 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Female infertility is mainly caused by ovulation disorders, which affect female reproduction and pregnancy worldwide, with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) being the most prevalent of these. PCOS is a frequent endocrine disease that is associated with abnormal function of the female sex hormone estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs). Estrogens mediate genomic effects through ERα and ERβ in target tissues. The G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has recently been described as mediating the non-genomic signaling of estrogen. Changes in estrogen receptor signaling pathways affect cellular activities, such as ovulation; cell cycle phase; and cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Over the years, some selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have made substantial strides in clinical applications for subfertility with PCOS, such as tamoxifen and clomiphene, however the role of ER in PCOS still needs to be understood. This article focuses on the recent progress in PCOS caused by the abnormal expression of estrogen and ERs in the ovaries and uterus, and the clinical application of related targeted small-molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Shou-Long Deng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zheng-Xing Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.-X.L.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.-X.L.); (K.Y.)
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21
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Francis LW, Yao SN, Powell LC, Griffiths S, Berquand A, Piasecki T, Howe W, Gazze AS, Farach-Carson MC, Constantinou P, Carson D, Margarit L, Gonzalez D, Conlan RS. Highly glycosylated MUC1 mediates high affinity L-selectin binding at the human endometrial surface. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:50. [PMID: 33596915 PMCID: PMC7890821 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sialyl-Lewis X/L-selectin high affinity binding interactions between transmembrane O-glycosylated mucins proteins and the embryo have been implicated in implantation processes within the human reproductive system. However, the adhesive properties of these mucins at the endometrial cell surface are difficult to resolve due to known discrepancies between in vivo models and the human reproductive system and a lack of sensitivity in current in vitro models. To overcome these limitations, an in vitro model of the human endometrial epithelial was interrogated with single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) to delineate the molecular configurations of mucin proteins that mediate the high affinity L-selectin binding required for human embryo implantation. Results This study reveals that MUC1 contributes to both the intrinsic and extrinsic adhesive properties of the HEC-1 cellular surface. High expression of MUC1 on the cell surface led to a significantly increased intrinsic adhesion force (148 pN vs. 271 pN, p < 0.001), whereas this adhesion force was significantly reduced (271 pN vs. 118 pN, p < 0.001) following siRNA mediated MUC1 ablation. Whilst high expression of MUC1 displaying elevated glycosylation led to strong extrinsic (> 400 pN) L-selectin binding at the cell surface, low expression of MUC1 with reduced glycosylation resulted in significantly less (≤200 pN) binding events. Conclusions An optimal level of MUC1 together with highly glycosylated decoration of the protein is critical for high affinity L-selectin binding. This study demonstrates that MUC1 contributes to cellular adhesive properties which may function to facilitate trophoblast binding to the endometrial cell surface through the L-selectin/sialyl-Lewis x adhesion system subsequent to implantation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis W Francis
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Seydou N Yao
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Lydia C Powell
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Sean Griffiths
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | | | - Thomas Piasecki
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - William Howe
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Andrea S Gazze
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, 77054, Texas, USA
| | - Pamela Constantinou
- Department of Biosciences, Wiess School of Natural Science, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77251, USA
| | - Daniel Carson
- Department of Biosciences, Wiess School of Natural Science, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77251, USA
| | - Lavinia Margarit
- Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Princess of Wales Hospital, Bridgend, CF31 1RQ, UK
| | - Deya Gonzalez
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - R Steven Conlan
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
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22
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Molecular Mechanisms of Endometrial Functioning in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2021. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2020-5.6.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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23
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Palomba S, Piltonen TT, Giudice LC. Endometrial function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive review. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 27:584-618. [PMID: 33302299 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility. An endometrial component has been suggested to contribute to subfertility and poor reproductive outcomes in affected women. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this review was to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to support that endometrial function is altered in women with PCOS, whether clinical features of PCOS affect the endometrium, and whether there are evidence-based interventions to improve endometrial dysfunction in PCOS women. SEARCH METHODS An extensive literature search was performed from 1970 up to July 2020 using PubMed and Web of Science without language restriction. The search included all titles and abstracts assessing a relationship between PCOS and endometrial function, the role played by clinical and biochemical/hormonal factors related to PCOS and endometrial function, and the potential interventions aimed to improve endometrial function in women with PCOS. All published papers were included if considered relevant. Studies having a specific topic/hypothesis regarding endometrial cancer/hyperplasia in women with PCOS were excluded from the analysis. OUTCOMES Experimental and clinical data suggest that the endometrium differs in women with PCOS when compared to healthy controls. Clinical characteristics related to the syndrome, alone and/or in combination, may contribute to dysregulation of endometrial expression of sex hormone receptors and co-receptors, increase endometrial insulin-resistance with impaired glucose transport and utilization, and result in chronic low-grade inflammation, immune dysfunction, altered uterine vascularity, abnormal endometrial gene expression and cellular abnormalities in women with PCOS. Among several interventions to improve endometrial function in women with PCOS, to date, only lifestyle modification, metformin and bariatric surgery have the highest scientific evidence for clinical benefit. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Endometrial dysfunction and abnormal trophoblast invasion and placentation in PCOS women can predispose to miscarriage and pregnancy complications. Thus, patients and their health care providers should advise about these risks. Although currently no intervention can be universally recommended to reverse endometrial dysfunction in PCOS women, lifestyle modifications and metformin may improve underlying endometrial dysfunction and pregnancy outcomes in obese and/or insulin resistant patients. Bariatric surgery has shown its efficacy in severely obese PCOS patients, but a careful evaluation of the benefit/risk ratio is warranted. Large scale randomized controlled clinical trials should address these possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Palomba
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Terhi T Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Linda C Giudice
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Paravati R, De Mello N, Onyido EK, Francis LW, Brüsehafer K, Younas K, Spencer-Harty S, Conlan RS, Gonzalez D, Margarit L. Differential regulation of osteopontin and CD44 correlates with infertility status in PCOS patients. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1713-1725. [PMID: 33047155 PMCID: PMC7679339 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial receptivity is mediated by adhesion molecules at the endometrium-trophoblast interface where osteopontin (OPN) and CD44 form a protein complex that plays an important role in embryo recognition. Here, we undertook a prospective study investigating the expression and regulation of OPN and CD44 in 50 fertile and 31 infertile ovulatory polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients in the proliferative and secretory phases of the natural menstrual cycle and in 12 infertile anovulatory PCOS patients. Endometrial biopsies and blood samples were evaluated for expression of OPN and CD44 using RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and ELISA analysis to determine circulating levels of OPN, CD44, TNF-α, IFN-γ and OPN and CD44 levels in biopsy media. Our findings highlighted an increased level of circulating OPN and CD44 in serum from infertile patients that inversely correlated with expression levels in endometrial tissue and positively correlated with levels secreted into biopsy media. OPN and CD44 levels positively correlated to each other in serum and media from fertile and PCOS patients, as well as to circulating TNF-α and IFN-γ. In vitro analysis revealed that hormone treatment induced recruitment of ERα to the OPN and CD44 promoters with a concomitant increase in the expression of these genes. In infertile patients, inflammatory cytokines led to recruitment of NF-κB and STAT1 proteins to the OPN and CD44 promoters, resulting in their overexpression. These observations suggest that the endometrial epithelial OPN-CD44 adhesion complex is deficient in ovulatory PCOS patients and displays an altered stoichiometry in anovulatory patients, which in both cases may perturb apposition. This, together with elevated circulating and local secreted levels of these proteins, may hinder endometrium-trophoblast interactions by saturating OPN and CD44 receptors on the surface of the blastocyst, thereby contributing to the infertility associated with ovulating PCOS patients. KEY MESSAGES: • Endometrial epithelial OPN-CD44 adhesion complex levels are deficient in ovulatory PCOS patients contributing to the endometrial infertility associated with ovulating PCOS patients. • Circulating levels of OPN, CD44 and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ are altered in infertile PCOS patients. • Increased levels of both OPN and CD44 in biopsy media and serum inversely correlate with endometrial expression of these markers in endometrial tissue. • In infertile PCOS patients, high levels of oestrogens and inflammatory cytokines stimulate the recruitment of transcription factors to the OPN and CD44 promoters to enhance gene transcription. • Our study identifies a novel crosstalk between the CD44-OPN adhesion complex, ERα, STAT1 and NF-κB pathways modulating endometrial receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Paravati
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Institute for Life Science 2, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - N De Mello
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Institute for Life Science 2, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - E K Onyido
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Institute for Life Science 2, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - L W Francis
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Institute for Life Science 2, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - K Brüsehafer
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Institute for Life Science 2, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - K Younas
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Obstetrics Gynaecology Department, Singleton Hospital, Sketty Lane, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - S Spencer-Harty
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Cellular Pathology Department, Singleton Hospital, Sketty Lane, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - R S Conlan
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Institute for Life Science 2, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - D Gonzalez
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Institute for Life Science 2, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Lavinia Margarit
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Institute for Life Science 2, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
- Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Obstetrics Gynaecology Department, Princess of Wales Hospital, Coity Road, Bridgend, CF31 1RQ, UK.
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25
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Aghahoseini M, Alyasin A, Rashidi S, Samaei-Nouroozi A, Saeidi H, Shabani-Nashtaei M. The efficacy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) agonist before frozen embryo transfer in improving pregnancy outcome and decreasing miscarriage rate in hyperandrogenic polycystic ovary syndrome women: a randomized clinical trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 72:212-218. [PMID: 32677772 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4784.20.04467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hyper androgenic status is a major complication of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) that deteriorates endometrial function and increases miscarriage rate. This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of GnRH agonist before frozen-thawed embryo transfer in improving pregnancy outcome in infertile women with PCOS. METHODS This single-blind, randomized controlled trial was performed at Dr Shariati hospital and Omid Fertility Clinic in Tehran, Iran. In the study were included 178 PCOS women. Patients were then divided into two groups of control and intervention. All women received the standard treatment for the preparation of the endometrial using estradiol valerate at dose of 6-8 mg/day. The intervention group also received diphereline, as GnRH agonist, at two doses, 8 weeks before starting the endometrial preparation. RESULTS Chemical pregnancy in intervention group was 47.7% compared to 35.6% in the control group, revealing no significant difference between two groups. No statistically significant difference was observed between two groups concerning clinical pregnancy rate (43.2% vs. 27.3%). However, rate of ongoing pregnancy was 42.0% in intervention group but 18.0% in the control group, suggesting a significant difference (P=0.001). The rate of miscarriage in the intervention group was 2.6% and in the control group was 33.3%, which was significantly lower (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that endometrial preparation using GnRH improves ongoing pregnancy and decreases miscarriage rate. It seems that reduction of androgen level in PCOS patients affects the endometrium and improves the receptivity and implantation of the embryo, resulting in better pregnancy outcomes by reducing the miscarriage rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Aghahoseini
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Alyasin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Rashidi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran - .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Atefeh Samaei-Nouroozi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojatollah Saeidi
- Department of Biology and Embryology, Omid Fertility Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shabani-Nashtaei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mehdinejadiani S, Amidi F, Mehdizadeh M, Barati M, Pazhohan A, Alyasin A, Mehdinejadiani K, Sobhani A. Effects of letrozole and clomiphene citrate on Wnt signaling pathway in endometrium of polycystic ovarian syndrome and healthy women†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:641-648. [PMID: 30184105 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. In addition to anovulation, endometrial dysfunction can reduce fertility in PCOS. The cyclical changes of endometrium are controlled by estrogen and progesterone via modulating the Wnt/B-catenin pathway. Clomiphene citrate (CC) and letrozole are used to induce ovulation; unlike letrozole, there is a discrepancy between ovulation and pregnancy rates in CC-treated cycles. Because of the anti-estrogenic effects of CC on endometrium, we compared the expression of the key molecules of the Wnt/B-catenin pathway in the endometrium of women taking CC and letrozole. This study included PCOS and healthy women divided into the groups stimulated with letrozole (5 mg) or CC (100 mg) as well as NO-treatment groups. The endometrial thickness and hormonal profile were measured on day 12 of the menses. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, we evaluated mRNA and protein expression of B-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B), dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1 (DKK1), and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) in the endometrial samples. Significantly, the mean serum estrogen and progesterone were lower and higher, respectively, in letrozole than CC groups. The endometrial thickness was significantly reduced in CC. The proteins expression of active B-catenin, inactive GSK3B, and ESR1 were significantly decreased in CC-treated groups. The mRNA and protein assessment of DKK1 showed significantly higher expression in CC. Our results indicate that letrozole can provide an acceptable activation of the Wnt/B-catenin pathway, resulting in adequate proliferation of endometrium in the women receiving letrozole compared to CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayesteh Mehdinejadiani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Endocrinology and Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Barati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azar Pazhohan
- Department of Midwifery, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.,Infertility center of Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, East Azarbaijan, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ashraf Alyasin
- Department of Endocrinology and Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kobra Mehdinejadiani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aligholi Sobhani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Joseph S, Mahale SD. Endometriosis Knowledgebase: a gene-based resource on endometriosis. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2020; 2019:5511349. [PMID: 31169291 PMCID: PMC6551373 DOI: 10.1093/database/baz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a complex, benign, estrogen-dependent gynecological disorder with an incidence of ~10% women in reproductive age. The implantation and growth of endometrial cells outside the uterus leads to the development of endometriosis. Endometriosis is also associated with comorbid conditions like cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. The absence of non-invasive diagnostic markers, delayed diagnosis, high risk of recurrence of the disease on surgical removal of the tissue and absence of a definitive cure for endometriosis makes it imperative to gain insights into the complex etiology of endometriosis. A plethora of genes identified from blood and endometrial biopsies, involved in different pathways like steroid metabolism, angiogenesis, inflammation, etc. have been associated with endometriosis. However, the exact mechanism and genetic etiology of endometriosis still remain unclear. The polygenic nature of the disease, incongruent phenotypic manifestations in different ethnic populations and information scattered in literature makes it difficult to delineate the sub-network of genes that will aid in disease diagnosis and effective treatment. Endometriosis Knowledgebase is a manually curated database with information on genes associated with endometriosis. It holds information on 831 genes, their associated polymorphisms, gene ontologys, pathways and diseases. Genes in the database are enriched in pathways important for cell signaling, immune regulation and reproduction. A genetic overlap is seen between endometriosis and cancers, endocrine/reproductive, nervous system, immune and metabolic diseases. Network analysis of genes in the Endometriosis Knowledgebase helped predict 13 new candidate genes for endometriosis. These genes were found to be enriched in biological processes associated with endometriosis. The Endometriosis Knowledgebase and incorporated tools for gene and sequence-based analysis will benefit both researchers and clinicians working in the realm of reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaini Joseph
- ICMR-Biomedical Informatics Center, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Smita D Mahale
- ICMR-Biomedical Informatics Center, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, India.,Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, India
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28
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Kim JH, Kim TH, Kim YS, Jang WC, Ryu A, Hwang JY, Lee HH. Mucin gene polymorphisms are associated with endometriosis in Korean women. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 301:801-807. [PMID: 31858233 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mucin family members mucin 1 (MUC1) and mucin 4 (MUC4) play an important role in transformation and adhesion, and are known markers for the detection of cancer. However, the pathophysiology of endometriosis associated with the mucin gene is unclear. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between MUC1 and MUC4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk for endometriosis. METHODS We performed a case-controlled study of 29 endometriosis clinical samples and 27 functional cysts as control. Sixteen SNPs (rs145224844, rs139620330, rs144273480, rs1611770, rs146141676, rs201798179, rs201815857, rs199840128, rs200788986, rs141460657, rs183700327, rs199768496, rs191544901, rs200639498, rs148332231, and rs11465209) of MUC1 gene and eight SNPs (rs1104760, rs1106502, rs882605, rs2291651, rs2291652, rs2291653, rs2291654, and rs375068067) of the MUC4 gene were identified. We amplified SNP sites by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primer sets followed by DNA sequencing. RESULTS The single mutation analysis of MUC4 showed that MUC4 mutations had no effect on the risk for endometriosis, but the frequencies of haplotypes [T/T + T/T + C/C] (rs2291653, 2291654 and rs375068067) were associated with endometriosis. CONCLUSION The MUC1 genotype may not be correlated with endometriosis susceptibility. However, MUC4 polymorphisms are associated with the risk for endometriosis in Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Kim
- Institue of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Suk Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14584, Republic of Korea
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University Graduate School, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Cheoul Jang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Aeli Ryu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Hwang
- Laboratory of Carbon and Biomedical Engineering, Korea Institute of Carbon Convergence, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Hyeog Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14584, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Kakar‐Bhanot R, Brahmbhatt K, Kumar V, Suryawanshi AR, Srivastava S, Chaudhari U, Sachdeva G. Plasma membrane proteome of adhesion‐competent endometrial epithelial cells and its modulation by Rab11a. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 87:17-29. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Kakar‐Bhanot
- Primate Biology LaboratoryIndian Council of Medical Research‐National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR‐NIRRH)Mumbai India
| | - Krupanshi Brahmbhatt
- Primate Biology LaboratoryIndian Council of Medical Research‐National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR‐NIRRH)Mumbai India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Bioscience and BioengineeringIndian Institute of TechnologyMumbai India
| | | | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Bioscience and BioengineeringIndian Institute of TechnologyMumbai India
| | - Uddhav Chaudhari
- Primate Biology LaboratoryIndian Council of Medical Research‐National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR‐NIRRH)Mumbai India
| | - Geetanjali Sachdeva
- Primate Biology LaboratoryIndian Council of Medical Research‐National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR‐NIRRH)Mumbai India
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30
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Healey GD, Pan-Castillo B, Garcia-Parra J, Davies J, Roberts S, Jones E, Dhar K, Nandanan S, Tofazzal N, Piggott L, Clarkson R, Seaton G, Frostell A, Fagge T, McKee C, Margarit L, Conlan RS, Gonzalez D. Antibody drug conjugates against the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a novel therapeutic target in endometrial cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:280. [PMID: 31665084 PMCID: PMC6820928 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The treatment of endometrial cancer (EC), the most common gynecological cancer, is currently hampered by the toxicity of current cytotoxic agents, meaning novel therapeutic approaches are urgently required. Methods A cohort of 161 patients was evaluated for the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in endometrial tissues. The present study also incorporates a variety of in vitro methodologies within multiple cell lines to evaluate RAGE expression and antibody-drug conjugate efficacy, internalisation and intercellular trafficking. Additionally, we undertook in vivo bio-distribution and toxicity evaluation to determine the suitability of our chosen therapeutic approach, together with efficacy studies in a mouse xenograft model of disease. Results We have identified an association between over-expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and EC (H-score = Healthy: 0.46, SD 0.26; Type I EC: 2.67, SD 1.39; Type II EC: 2.20, SD 1.34; ANOVA, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, increased expression was negatively correlated with patient survival (Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation: ρ = − 0.3914, p < 0.05). To exploit this association, we developed novel RAGE-targeting antibody drug conjugates (ADC) and demonstrated the efficacy of this approach. RAGE-targeting ADCs were up to 100-fold more efficacious in EC cells compared to non-malignant cells and up to 200-fold more cytotoxic than drug treatment alone. Additionally, RAGE-targeting ADCs were not toxic in an in vivo pre-clinical mouse model, and significantly reduced tumour growth in a xenograft mouse model of disease. Conclusions These data, together with important design considerations implied by the present study, suggest RAGE-ADCs could be translated to novel therapeutics for EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth D Healey
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Belen Pan-Castillo
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Jezabel Garcia-Parra
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Julia Davies
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Shaun Roberts
- Cellular Pathology Department, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Singleton Hospital, Sketty Lane, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Eilir Jones
- Cellular Pathology Department, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Singleton Hospital, Sketty Lane, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Kalyan Dhar
- Gynecology Oncology Department, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Singleton Hospital, Sketty Lane, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Sarika Nandanan
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Department Princess of Wales Hospital, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Coity Road, Bridgend, CF31 1RQ, UK
| | - Nasima Tofazzal
- Cellular Pathology Department, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Singleton Hospital, Sketty Lane, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Luke Piggott
- Welsh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Richard Clarkson
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Gillian Seaton
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Asa Frostell
- GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences, SE-751 84, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tim Fagge
- GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, HP7 9NA, UK
| | - Colin McKee
- ADC Biotechnology Ltd, OpTIC Technium, Ffordd William Morgan, St Asaph Business Park, St Asaph, Denbighshire, LL17 0JD, UK
| | - Lavinia Margarit
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.,Obstetrics & Gynecology Department Princess of Wales Hospital, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Coity Road, Bridgend, CF31 1RQ, UK
| | - R Steven Conlan
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Deyarina Gonzalez
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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Wu F, Mao D, Liu Y, Chen X, Xu H, Li TC, Wang CC. Localization of Mucin 1 in endometrial luminal epithelium and its expression in women with reproductive failure during implantation window. J Mol Histol 2019; 50:563-572. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-019-09848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Younas K, Quintela M, Thomas S, Garcia-Parra J, Blake L, Whiteland H, Bunkheila A, Francis LW, Margarit L, Gonzalez D, Conlan RS. Delayed endometrial decidualisation in polycystic ovary syndrome; the role of AR-MAGEA11. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1315-1327. [PMID: 31256208 PMCID: PMC6713698 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01809-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynaecological disorder, with a prevalence of up to 12% of women of reproductive age, and is in part characterised by elevated circulating androgens and aberrant expression of androgen receptor (AR) in the endometrium. A high percentage of PCOS patients suffer from infertility, a condition that appears to be linked to mistimed and incomplete decidualisation critically affecting events surrounding embryo implantation. The aim of this study was to examine the involvement of MAGEA11, and the genome-wide role of AR in PCOS. We determined that elevated androgen levels on PCOS cells had an impact on the delayed and incomplete decidual transformation of endometrial cells. The AR co-regulator MAGEA11, a known enhancer of AR function, was constitutively overexpressed throughout the menstrual cycle of PCOS patients, co-localised in the nucleus of PCOS stromal tissue and cells and formed a molecular complex with AR. Genome-wide AR analysis in PCOS stromal cells revealed that AR targets included genes involved in cell death and apoptosis, as well as genes commonly dysregulated in endometrial cancer. Enhanced MAGEA11 and AR-mediated transcriptional regulation may impact on a correct endometrial decidualisation response, subsequently affecting endometrial receptivity in these infertile women. Key messages MAGEA11 and AR are overexpressed in hyperandrogenic PCOS patients. MAGEA11-AR overexpression in PCOS correlates with delayed decidualisation. AR and MAGEA11 associate in a molecular complex. AR directly regulates a unique set of genes controlling gene differentiation.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-019-01809-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinza Younas
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.,Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Sketty Lane, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Marcos Quintela
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Samantha Thomas
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Jetzabel Garcia-Parra
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Lauren Blake
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Helen Whiteland
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Adnan Bunkheila
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.,Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Sketty Lane, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Lewis W Francis
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Lavinia Margarit
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.,Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Sketty Lane, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Deyarina Gonzalez
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - R Steven Conlan
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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Metformin inhibits estradiol and progesterone-induced decidualization of endometrial stromal cells by regulating expression of progesterone receptor, cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1578-1585. [PMID: 30551411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a serious threat for reproductive-aged women. Metformin has been used for the treatment of PCOS. However, its molecular mechanism in decidualization process of PCOS has not been well featured. METHODS RT-qPCR analysis was used to detect expression patterns of progesterone receptor (PGR), estradiol receptor alpha (ERα), Cytokeratin 8 and Vimentin in endometrial tissues of PCOS and non-PCOS patients. RT-qPCR assay was also employed to determine mRNA expression of prolactin, Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9). Cytokine secretion were measured by matching ELISA kits. Protein expression of p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, p-p38 MAPK, p38 MAPK, and PGR (PGRA and PGRB) was tested by western blot assay. RESULTS PGR expression was upregulated in PCOS patients. Metformin alleviated estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) (EP)-induced decidualization of endometrial stromal cells. Abnormal cytokine secretion was observed in EP-stimulated endometrial stromal cells in the absence or presence of metfromin. Metformin suppressed EP-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 upregulation. Metformin alleviated EP-triggered p38 MAPK inactivation and PGR (PGRA and PGRB) expression. Metfromin had no effect on ERK1/2 signaling in EP-stimulated endometrial stromal cells. CONCLUSION Metformin alleviated EP-induced decidualization of endometrial stromal cells by modulating secretion of multiple cytokines, inhibiting expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, activating p38-MAPK signaling and reducing PGR expression, providing a deep insight into the molecular basis of metfromin therapy for PCOS patients.
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Inside the Endometrial Cell Signaling Subway: Mind the Gap(s). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092477. [PMID: 30134622 PMCID: PMC6164241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cells perceive and respond to their microenvironment forming the basis of endometrial homeostasis. Errors in endometrial cell signaling are responsible for a wide spectrum of endometrial pathologies ranging from infertility to cancer. Intensive research over the years has been decoding the sophisticated molecular means by which endometrial cells communicate to each other and with the embryo. The objective of this review is to provide the scientific community with the first overview of key endometrial cell signaling pathways operating throughout the menstrual cycle. On this basis, a comprehensive and critical assessment of the literature was performed to provide the tools for the authorship of this narrative review summarizing the pivotal components and signaling cascades operating during seven endometrial cell fate “routes”: proliferation, decidualization, implantation, migration, breakdown, regeneration, and angiogenesis. Albeit schematically presented as separate transit routes in a subway network and narrated in a distinct fashion, the majority of the time these routes overlap or occur simultaneously within endometrial cells. This review facilitates identification of novel trajectories of research in endometrial cellular communication and signaling. The meticulous study of endometrial signaling pathways potentiates both the discovery of novel therapeutic targets to tackle disease and vanguard fertility approaches.
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Wu F, Chen X, Liu Y, Liang B, Xu H, Li TC, Wang CC. Decreased MUC1 in endometrium is an independent receptivity marker in recurrent implantation failure during implantation window. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:60. [PMID: 29929546 PMCID: PMC6013892 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is postulated that women suffered from recurrent implantation failure (RIF) have different endometrial receptivity compared to those who experienced with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage (RM). In this study, expression of common endometrial markers Leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF), mucin 1 (MUC1) and integrin β3 were studied and compared. METHODS Fourteen women with RIF, 25 with RM and 20 fertile controls were recruited for endometrial biopsy during implantation window on day LH + 7. Spatial and temporal expression of MUC1, LIF and Integrin β3 were compared using semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry. Association of MUC1, LIF and integrin β3 expression levels with demographic and clinical characteristics were determined. RESULTS MUC1 expression in both luminal and glandular epithelium in women with RIF were significantly lower than that in women with RM and fertile controls. There were no differences in LIF and Integrin β3 expression in endometrial epithelium among three groups. Decreased MUC1 expression were not significantly associated with age, BMI, gravidity, parity, cycle length, progesterone level and previous miscarriage. CONCLUSIONS Deceased expression of MUC1 is an independent marker for endometrial receptivity in RIF women, suggesting MUC1 may contribute to the reproductive failure in RIF women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrong Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yingyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Tin Chiu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Hu M, Zhang Y, Feng J, Xu X, Zhang J, Zhao W, Guo X, Li J, Vestin E, Cui P, Li X, Wu XK, Brännström M, Shao LR, Billig H. Uterine progesterone signaling is a target for metformin therapy in PCOS-like rats. J Endocrinol 2018. [PMID: 29535146 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Impaired progesterone (P4) signaling is linked to endometrial dysfunction and infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Here, we report for the first time that elevated expression of progesterone receptor (PGR) isoforms A and B parallels increased estrogen receptor (ER) expression in PCOS-like rat uteri. The aberrant PGR-targeted gene expression in PCOS-like rats before and after implantation overlaps with dysregulated expression of Fkbp52 and Ncoa2, two genes that contribute to the development of uterine P4 resistance. In vivo and in vitro studies of the effects of metformin on the regulation of the uterine P4 signaling pathway under PCOS conditions showed that metformin directly inhibits the expression of PGR and ER along with the regulation of several genes that are targeted dependently or independently of PGR-mediated uterine implantation. Functionally, metformin treatment corrected the abnormal expression of cell-specific PGR and ER and some PGR-target genes in PCOS-like rats with implantation. Additionally, we documented how metformin contributes to the regulation of the PGR-associated MAPK/ERK/p38 signaling pathway in the PCOS-like rat uterus. Our data provide novel insights into how metformin therapy regulates uterine P4 signaling molecules under PCOS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- Department of Physiology/EndocrinologyInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehui Zhang
- Department of Physiology/EndocrinologyInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKey Laboratory and Unit of Infertility in Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaxing Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKey Laboratory and Unit of Infertility in Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKey Laboratory and Unit of Infertility in Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and MoxibustionSecond Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKey Laboratory and Unit of Infertility in Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaozhu Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKey Laboratory and Unit of Infertility in Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Physiology/EndocrinologyInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Edvin Vestin
- Department of Physiology/EndocrinologyInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Physiology/EndocrinologyInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medicine and NeurobiologyState Key Lab of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College and Institute of Acupuncture Research (WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine), Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Physiology/EndocrinologyInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics and GynecologyHospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ke Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKey Laboratory and Unit of Infertility in Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Mats Brännström
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linus R Shao
- Department of Physiology/EndocrinologyInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Billig
- Department of Physiology/EndocrinologyInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Investigation of the uterine structural changes in the experimental model with polycystic ovary syndrome and effects of vitamin D treatment: An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. Reprod Biol 2018; 18:53-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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38
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Marei WFA, Wathes DC, Raheem KA, Mohey-Elsaeed O, Ghafari F, Fouladi-Nashta AA. Influence of hyaluronan on endometrial receptivity and embryo attachment in sheep. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:1763-1773. [DOI: 10.1071/rd16232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of reports suggests a role of hyaluronan (HA) in female reproduction and interest in its application in assisted reproduction is rising. However, there are contrasting data about the effectiveness of adding HA to the embryo-transfer medium on improving pregnancy rates. Using sheep as an experimental model, the studies reported here analysed the impact of HA infusion into the uterus on embryo attachment to uterine luminal epithelium (LE) and expression of selected markers of uterine receptivity. On Day 14 after natural mating (pre-attachment), uterine horns were infused with either (n = 4 each): PBS (control), HA (1 mg mL–1), HA + hyaluronidase 2 (Hyal2; 300 IU mL–1) or 4-methyl-umbelliferone (HA-synthesis inhibitor; 4MU, 1 mM). HA immunostaining on uterine sections collected on Day 17 was negative in the 4MU group and weak in the HA+Hyal2 group. In contrast to 4MU, which resulted in 100% attachment, HA infusion blocked embryo attachment in all treated animals. This was accompanied by the disappearance of mucin 1 and increased expression of osteopontin and CD44v6 in the LE of uteri with attached embryos. In conclusion, the presence of HA at the embryo–maternal interface during embryo implantation resulted in reduced endometrial receptivity and inhibited the interaction of trophoblasts with the LE, whereas clearance of HA favoured embryo attachment.
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Knebel B, Lehr S, Janssen OE, Hahn S, Jacob S, Nitzgen U, Müller-Wieland D, Kotzka J. Association between copy-number variation on metabolic phenotypes and HDL-C levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 44:51-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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40
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Raheem KA, Marei WF, Campbell BK, Fouladi-Nashta AA. In vivo and in vitro studies of MUC1 regulation in sheep endometrium. Theriogenology 2016; 85:1635-1643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Piltonen TT. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Endometrial markers. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2016; 37:66-79. [PMID: 27156350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) present with several endometrial abnormalities possibly explaining some of the adverse endometrium-related outcomes in these women. PCOS and an increased miscarriage rate have been suggested to coincide, but the results are conflicting. Recent studies have also shown increased risks of pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, and premature delivery that may be related to altered decidualization/placentation in affected women. In the long run, PCOS per se is associated with the occurrence of endometrial cancer (EC), with obesity aggravating the risk. Most investigated markers of the endometrial abnormalities in women with PCOS are related to steroid hormone action (ERs (estrogen receptors), PRs (progesterone receptors), ARs (androgen receptors), and steroid receptor coactivators), endometrial receptivity/decidualization (HOXA10, αvβ3 integrin, and IGFBP-1 (insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1)), glucose metabolism (IRs (insulin receptors), glucose transporters, IGFs) and inflammation/immune cell migration ((IL-6 (interleukin 6), CCL2 (CC motif ligand), and uNK (uterine natural killer) cells). Despite several endometrial abnormalities in women with PCOS, the clinical relevance of these findings still awaits future clarification; to date, no common screening protocols/recommendations for women with PCOS have been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terhi T Piltonen
- Clinical Researcher for the Finnish Medical Foundation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, BOX 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
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Apostolopoulos V, Stojanovska L, Gargosky SE. MUC1 (CD227): a multi-tasked molecule. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4475-500. [PMID: 26294353 PMCID: PMC11113675 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1 [CD227]) is a high-molecular weight (>400 kDa), type I membrane-tethered glycoprotein that is expressed on epithelial cells and extends far above the glycocalyx. MUC1 is overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated in adenocarcinomas and in hematological malignancies. As a result, MUC1 has been a target for tumor immunotherapeutic studies in mice and in humans. MUC1 has been shown to have anti-adhesive and immunosuppressive properties, protects against infections, and is involved in the oncogenic process as well as in cell signaling. In addition, MUC1 plays a key role in the reproductive tract, in the immune system (affecting dendritic cells, monocytes, T cells, and B cells), and in chronic inflammatory diseases. Evidence for all of these roles for MUC1 is discussed herein and demonstrates that MUC1 is truly a multitasked molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Baracat MCP, Serafini PC, Simões RDS, Maciel GAR, Soares JM, Baracat EC. Systematic review of cell adhesion molecules and estrogen receptor expression in the endometrium of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2014; 129:1-4. [PMID: 25554522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) could be related to many mechanisms including endometrial factors. OBJECTIVES To review cell adhesion molecule and estrogen receptor expression in the endometrium. SEARCH STRATEGY A systematic review was performed of the Medline and Cochrane databases for papers published in any language between 2004 and 2014. The search term was "'polycystic ovary syndrome' OR 'Stein Leventhal syndrome' OR 'anovulation' AND 'endometrium' OR 'endometria.'" SELECTION CRITERIA Research studies on endometrial cell adhesion molecules and estrogen receptor expression among women with PCOS diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data were extracted from identified studies and the quality of assessment was analyzed. MAIN RESULTS Six studies were included. Data were controversial with respect to MUC1 and αVβ3 integrin expression with significantly higher and lower levels, respectively, in women with PCOS. Estrogen receptor expression was enhanced among patients with PCOS as compared with healthy women. CONCLUSIONS Endometrial factors influence embryo receptivity as indicated by the molecular mediators identified in the studies, including cell adhesion molecules and the estrogen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cândida P Baracat
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia do Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Serafini
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia do Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dos S Simões
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia do Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A R Maciel
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia do Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José M Soares
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia do Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Edmund C Baracat
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia do Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dharmaraj N, Chapela PJ, Morgado M, Hawkins SM, Lessey BA, Young SL, Carson DD. Expression of the transmembrane mucins, MUC1, MUC4 and MUC16, in normal endometrium and in endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:1730-8. [PMID: 24939955 PMCID: PMC4093996 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are the transmembrane mucins, MUC1, MUC4 and MUC16, differentially expressed in endometriosis compared with normal endometrium? SUMMARY ANSWER This study revealed that transmembrane mucin expression does not vary significantly in normal endometrium during the menstrual cycle and is not altered in endometriosis relative to the epithelial marker, cytokeratin-18 (KRT18). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Increased serum levels of the transmembrane mucin fragments MUC1, MUC4 and MUC16 that normally dominate the apical surface of simple epithelia are found in several pathological conditions, including endometriosis. Altered mucin expression in gynecologic diseases may promote infertility or endometrial pathologies. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This was a laboratory-based study of samples from 12 endometriosis patients as well as non-endometriosis control samples obtained from 31 patients. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Total RNA was isolated from endometrial biopsies of ectopic and eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis and control patients from different stages of the menstrual cycle. Quantitative (q)-RT-PCR analyses were performed for the mucins, MUC1, MUC4 and MUC16, relative to the epithelial marker, cytokeratin-18 (KRT18), or β-actin (ACTB). Frozen sections from endometrial biopsies of proliferative and mid-secretory stage women with endometriosis were immunostained for MUC1, MUC4 and MUC16. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE qRT-PCR analyses of MUC1 and MUC16 mRNA revealed that these mucins do not vary significantly during the menstrual cycle nor are they altered in women with endometriosis relative to the epithelial marker, KRT18. MUC4 mRNA is expressed at very low levels relative to MUC1 and MUC16 under all conditions. There was little difference in MUC1 and MUC16 expression between eutopic endometrial and ectopic endometriotic tissues. MUC4 expression also was not significantly higher in the ectopic endometriotic tissues. Immunostaining for all three mucins reveals robust expression of MUC1 and MUC16 at the apical surfaces of endometrial epithelia, but little to no staining for MUC4. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION qRT-PCR analysis was the main method used for mucin detection. Additional studies with stage III-IV endometriotic tissue would be useful to determine if changes in MUC1 and MUC16 expression occur, or if MUC4 expression increases, at later stages of endometriosis. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS We report a comprehensive comparative profile of the major transmembrane mucins, MUC1, MUC4 and MUC16, relative to the epithelial marker, KRT18, in normal cycling endometrium and in endometriosis, and indicate constitutive expression. Previous studies have profiled the expression of individual mucins relative to β-actin and indicate accumulation in the luteal phase. Thus, these differences in interpretation appear to reflect the increased epithelial content of endometrium during the luteal phase. STUDY FUNDING This study was supported by: NIH R01HD29963 to D.D.C.; NIH U54HD007495 to S.M.H.; and NIH R01HD067721 to S.L.Y. and B.A.L. The authors have no competing interests to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dharmaraj
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA
| | - P J Chapela
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA
| | - M Morgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA
| | - S M Hawkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - B A Lessey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC 29650, USA
| | - S L Young
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - D D Carson
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Colicchia M, Campagnolo L, Baldini E, Ulisse S, Valensise H, Moretti C. Molecular basis of thyrotropin and thyroid hormone action during implantation and early development. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20:884-904. [PMID: 24943836 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implantation and early embryo development are finely regulated processes in which several molecules are involved. Evidence that thyroid hormones (TH: T4 and T3) might be part of this machinery is emerging. An increased demand for TH occurs during gestation, and any alteration in maternal thyroid physiology has significant implications for both maternal and fetal health. Not only overt but also subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with infertility as well as with obstetric complications, including disruptions and disorders of pregnancy, labor, delivery, and troubles in early neonatal life. METHODS We searched the PubMed and Google Scholar databases for articles related to TH action on ovary, endometrium, trophoblast maturation and embryo implantation. In addition, articles on the regulation of TH activity at cellular level have been reviewed. The findings are hereby summarized and critically discussed. RESULTS TH have been shown to influence endometrial, ovarian and placental physiology. TH receptors (TR) and thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone: TSH) receptors (TSHR) are widely expressed in the feto-maternal unit during implantation, and both the endometrium and the trophoblast might be influenced by TH either directly or through TH effects on the synthesis and activity of implantation-mediating molecules. Interestingly, due to the multiplicity of mechanisms involved in TH action (e.g. differential expression of TR isoforms, heterodimeric receptor partners, interacting cellular proteins, and regulating enzymes), the TH concentration in blood is not always predictive of their cellular availability and activity at both genomic and nongenomic level. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the known role of TH on the hormonal milieu of the ovarian follicle cycle, which is essential for a woman's fertility, evidence is emerging on the importance of TH signaling during implantation and early pregnancy. Based on recent observations, a local action of TH on female reproductive organs and the embryo during implantation appears to be crucial for a successful pregnancy. Furthermore, an imbalance in the spatio-temporal expression of factors involved in TH activity might induce early arrest of pregnancy in women considered as euthyroid, based on their hormonal blood concentration. In conclusion, alterations of the highly regulated local activity of TH may play a crucial, previously underestimated, role in early pregnancy and pregnancy loss. Further studies elucidating this topic should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Colicchia
- Department of Systems' Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, UOC of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Section of Reproductive Endocrinology Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 'Isola Tiberina' 00187, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Campagnolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Enke Baldini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Experimental Medicine, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Herbert Valensise
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Fatebenefratelli Hospital 'Isola Tiberina', 00187 Rome, Italy
| | - Costanzo Moretti
- Department of Systems' Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, UOC of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Section of Reproductive Endocrinology Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 'Isola Tiberina' 00187, Rome, Italy
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Houshdaran S, Zelenko Z, Irwin JC, Giudice LC. Human endometrial DNA methylome is cycle-dependent and is associated with gene expression regulation. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:1118-35. [PMID: 24877562 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human endometrium undergoes major gene expression changes, resulting in altered cellular functions in response to cyclic variations in circulating estradiol and progesterone, largely mediated by transcription factors and nuclear receptors. In addition to classic modulators, epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene expression during development in response to environmental factors and in some diseases and have roles in steroid hormone action. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that DNA methylation plays a role in gene expression regulation in human endometrium in different hormonal milieux. High throughput, genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of endometrial samples in proliferative, early secretory, and midsecretory phases revealed dynamic DNA methylation patterns with segregation of proliferative from secretory phase samples by unsupervised cluster analysis of differentially methylated genes. Changes involved different frequencies of gain and loss of methylation within or outside CpG islands. Comparison of changes in transcriptomes and corresponding DNA methylomes from the same samples revealed association of DNA methylation and gene expression in a number of loci, some important in endometrial biology. Human endometrial stromal fibroblasts treated in vitro with estradiol and progesterone exhibited DNA methylation changes in several genes observed in proliferative and secretory phase tissues, respectively. Taken together, the data support the observation that epigenetic mechanisms are involved in gene expression regulation in human endometrium in different hormonal milieux, adding endometrium to a small number of normal adult tissues exhibiting dynamic DNA methylation. The data also raise the possibility that the interplay between steroid hormone and methylome dynamics regulates normal endometrial functions and, if abnormal, may result in endometrial dysfunction and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Houshdaran
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
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Lopes IMRS, Maganhin CC, Oliveira-Filho RM, Simões RS, Simões MJ, Iwata MC, Baracat EC, Soares JM. Histomorphometric Analysis and Markers of Endometrial Receptivity Embryonic Implantation in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome During the Treatment With Progesterone. Reprod Sci 2014; 21:930-938. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719113519169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Cristina Maganhin
- Departamento de Ginecologia, Departamento de Ginecologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM/UNIFESP, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Santos Simões
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuel Jesus Simões
- Departamento de Ginecologia, Departamento de Ginecologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM/UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Margareth Chiharu Iwata
- Departamento de Ginecologia, Departamento de Ginecologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM/UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Edmund Chada Baracat
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Maria Soares
- Departamento de Ginecologia, Departamento de Ginecologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM/UNIFESP, Brazil
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
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48
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Li X, Feng Y, Lin JF, Billig H, Shao R. Endometrial progesterone resistance and PCOS. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:2. [PMID: 24405633 PMCID: PMC3917599 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a state of altered steroid hormone production and activity. Chronic estrogen exposure or lack of progesterone due to ovarian dysfunction can result in endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. A key contributor to our understanding of progesterone as a critical regulator for normal uterine function has been the elucidation of progesterone receptor (PR) expression, regulation, and signaling pathways. Several human studies indicate that PR-mediated signaling pathways in the nucleus are associated with progesterone resistance in women with PCOS. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of endometrial progesterone resistance in women with PCOS; to present the PR structure, its different isoforms, and their expression in the endometrium; to illustrate the possible regulation of PR and PR-mediated signaling in progesterone resistance in women with PCOS; and to discuss current clinical treatments for atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma in women with PCOS and accompanying progesterone resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ruijin Shao
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden.
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Halasz M, Szekeres-Bartho J. The role of progesterone in implantation and trophoblast invasion. J Reprod Immunol 2013; 97:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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50
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Lopes IMRS, Baracat MCP, Simões MDJ, Simões RS, Baracat EC, Soares JM. Endometrium in women with polycystic ovary syndrome during the window of implantation. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2012; 57:702-9. [PMID: 22249553 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-42302011000600020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human endometrium undergoes to a complex series of proliferative and secretory changes in each menstrual cycle and displays only a short period of receptivity, known as the "window of implantation", necessary for the implantation of the blastocyst in the uterus. The implantation process occurs in a sequential manner, leading to the establishment of pregnancy. Morphofunctional changes during this period may prevent or hinder the implantation. For this reason, the study of the endometrium at this stage is important for the improvement of therapies that may interfere with the mechanisms involved in maternal-embryonic interaction. Several gynecological disorders, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), are associated with decreased fertility and uterine receptivity. In spite of recent advances in assisted reproduction techniques, allowing the selection of high quality embryos, the implantation rate remains low and has not increased enough in recent decades. This article aims at reviewing the endometrial aspects of the "window of implantation" in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, focusing mainly on adhesion molecules. For that purpose, we analyzed 105 articles published in journals indexed in PubMed in the last 50 years (up to May 2011). In conclusion, the endometrial receptivity seems to be the major limiting factor for the establishment of pregnancy in a large number of gynecological diseases, including PCOS, and treatment to improve implantation rates is likely to be taken towards this direction.
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