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Darvish L, Bahreyni Toossi MT, Azimian H, Shakeri M, Dolat E, Ahmadizad Firouzjaei A, Rezaie S, Amraee A, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH. The role of microRNA-induced apoptosis in diverse radioresistant cancers. Cell Signal 2023; 104:110580. [PMID: 36581218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to cancer radiotherapy is one of the biggest concerns for success in treating and preventing recurrent disease. Malignant tumors may develop when they block genetic mutations associated with apoptosis or abnormal expression of apoptosis; Tumor treatment may induce the expression of apoptosis-related genes to promote tumor cell apoptosis. MicroRNAs have been shown to contribute to forecasting prognosis, distinguishing between cancer subtypes, and affecting treatment outcomes in cancer. Constraining these miRNAs may be an attractive treatment strategy to help overcome radiation resistance. The delivery of these future treatments is still challenging due to the excess downstream targets that each miRNA can control. Understanding the role of miRNAs brings us one step closer to attaining patient treatment and improving patient outcomes. This review summarized the current information on the role of microRNA-induced apoptosis in determining the radiosensitivity of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Darvish
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hosein Azimian
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Shakeri
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Dolat
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadizad Firouzjaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Rezaie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azadeh Amraee
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, khorramabad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Aghaee-Bakhtiari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Bioinformatics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Abutorabi ES, Poursheikhani A, Kashani B, Shamsaiegahkani S, Haghpanah V, Bashash D, Mousavi SA, Momeny M, Ghaffari SH. The effects of Abemaciclib on cell cycle and apoptosis regulation in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4073-4082. [PMID: 36877344 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an aggressive subtype of thyroid cancer, accounting for 1 to 2% of all cases. Deregulations of cell cycle regulatory genes including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and endogenous inhibitors of CDKs (CKIs) are hallmarks of cancer cells and hence, studies indicate the inhibition of CDK4/6 kinases and cell cycle progression as potent therapeutic strategies. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor activity of Abemaciclib, a CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitor, in ATC cell lines. METHODS AND RESULTS The ATC cell lines C643 and SW1736 were selected to study the antiproliferative effects of Abemaciclib using a cell proliferation assay and crystal violet staining assay. Annexin V/PI staining and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry were also performed to examine the effects on apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. Wound healing assay and zymography analysis examined the effects of the drug on invasive abilities of ATC cells and Western blot analyses were applied to further study the anti-tumor mechanism of Abemaciclib, in addition to combination treatment with alpelisib. Our data demonstrated that Abemaciclib significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased cellular apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in ATC cell lines, while considerably reducing cell migration and colony formation. The mechanism seemed to involve the PI3K pathway. CONCLUSION Our preclinical data highlight CDK4/6 as interesting therapeutic targets in ATC and suggest CDK4/6-blockade therapies as promising strategies in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh S Abutorabi
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Poursheikhani
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahareh Kashani
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Shamsaiegahkani
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Haghpanah
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seied A Mousavi
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Momeny
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wróbel-Biedrawa D, Galanty A, Zagrodzki P, Podolak I. Optimization of Extraction Conditions and Cytotoxic Activity of Rapanone in Comparison to Its Homologue, Embelin. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227912. [PMID: 36432013 PMCID: PMC9693145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapanone is a plant-derived simple alkyl-dihydroxybenzoquinone structurally close to embelin, a well-known cytotoxic agent. The pharmacological characterization of rapanone is still incomplete, and to fill the data gap, a good source for its acquisition is required to conduct further research. This study aimed to optimize the conditions for the extraction of rapanone from the leaves of white-berried Ardisia crenata Sims. For this purpose, three methods were employed: heat reflux (HRE), shaking (SE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and such parameters as the extraction time, solvent, and the number of extractions from the same sample were set as experimental variables. Furthermore, cytotoxic activity toward prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, and colorectal carcinoma cell lines was investigated and compared with doxorubicin and embelin. The most effective and economical method for the extraction of rapanone was shown to be 20 min UAE with ethyl acetate or chloroform. Rapanone exhibited high cytotoxic activity against PC3 (IC50 = 6.50 μg/mL), Du145 (IC50 = 7.68 μg/mL), FTC133 (IC50 = 6.01 μg/mL), 8505C (IC50 = 7.84 μg/mL), and Caco-2 (IC50 = 8.79 μg/mL) cell lines after 24 h and against the HT29 cell line after 48 h (IC50 = 11.67 μg/mL). Furthermore, it revealed a more favorable safety profile than either its homologue, embelin, or doxorubicin. The set of optimal extraction parameters obtained may be utilized for scientific and industrial purposes to achieve the best rapanone yield. Moreover, this benzoquinone revealed a high cytotoxic activity with good selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Wróbel-Biedrawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Paweł Zagrodzki
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Irma Podolak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Parvathareddy SK, Siraj AK, Bu R, Iqbal K, Al-Rasheed M, Al-Haqawi W, Annaiyappanaidu P, Siraj N, Ahmed SO, Al-Sobhi SS, Al-Dayel F, Al-Kuraya KS. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) predicts disease-free survival in BRAFV600E mutant papillary thyroid carcinoma in middle eastern patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1054882. [PMID: 36578953 PMCID: PMC9790986 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1054882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is the most potent caspase inhibitory IAP family member and its over-expression is implicated in aggressive behavior of various solid tumors, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). BRAFV600E mutation is the most common oncogenic event in PTC and is also known to be associated with aggressive clinico-pathological characteristics. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of XIAP expression in more than 1600 PTCs from Middle Eastern ethnicity and its prognostic value to predict disease-free survival (DFS), in combination with the BRAFV600E mutation. METHODS Clinical data, XIAP expression by immunohistochemistry and BRAF mutation status were analyzed in 1640 Saudi PTC patients seen at our institute between 1988 - 2020. RESULTS BRAFV600E mutation was found in 910 of 1640 patients (55.5%) and was significantly correlated with older age, extrathyroidal extension, bilaterality, multifocality and lymph node metastasis, but was not an independent predictor of DFS. XIAP was over-expressed in 758 of 1640 (46.2%) and was associated with aggressive clinico-pathological features. It was also found to be an independent prognostic marker for DFS (HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02 - 1.60, P = 0.0342). XIAP overexpression was correlated with presence of BRAFV600E mutation in PTC patients. Interestingly, we found the ability to predict shorter DFS was 2.7-fold higher in PTCs with over-expression of XIAP and BRAFV600E mutation compared to patients with high XIAP and wild-type BRAFV600E status (HR = 2.74, 95% CI = 2.19 - 3.44, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION XIAP expression is an independent predictor of prognosis in Middle Eastern PTC patients. Combination of XIAP expression and BRAFV600E mutation can synergistically improve the DFS prediction in PTC patients, which may help clinicians to establish the most appropriate initial care and long-term surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Parvathareddy
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul K. Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rong Bu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaleem Iqbal
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Al-Rasheed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Al-Haqawi
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Padmanaban Annaiyappanaidu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeeda O. Ahmed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif S. Al-Sobhi
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S. Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Khawla S. Al-Kuraya,
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Rascio F, Spadaccino F, Rocchetti MT, Castellano G, Stallone G, Netti GS, Ranieri E. The Pathogenic Role of PI3K/AKT Pathway in Cancer Onset and Drug Resistance: An Updated Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3949. [PMID: 34439105 PMCID: PMC8394096 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT pathway is one of the most frequently over-activated intracellular pathways in several human cancers. This pathway, acting on different downstream target proteins, contributes to the carcinogenesis, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumour cells. A multi-level impairment, involving mutation and genetic alteration, aberrant regulation of miRNAs sequences, and abnormal phosphorylation of cascade factors, has been found in multiple cancer types. The deregulation of this pathway counteracts common therapeutic strategies and contributes to multidrug resistance. In this review, we underline the involvement of this pathway in patho-physiological cell survival mechanisms, emphasizing its key role in the development of drug resistance. We also provide an overview of the potential inhibition strategies currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rascio
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Federica Spadaccino
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.S.N.); (E.R.)
| | - Maria Teresa Rocchetti
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.S.N.); (E.R.)
| | - Elena Ranieri
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.S.N.); (E.R.)
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6
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Kwon HJ, Yoon K, Jung JY, Ryu MH, Kim SH, Yoo ES, Choi SY, Yang IH, Hong SD, Shin JA, Cho SD. Targeting X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck: A novel therapeutic strategy using nitidine chloride. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1591-1602. [PMID: 32901343 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitidine chloride (NC) was recently reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties for several diseases, including cancer. Here we report for the first time that NC is a potential therapeutic agent for mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) occurring in the head and neck because it suppresses X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in human MEC in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor effects of NC were evaluated by trypan blue exclusion assay, western blotting, live/dead assay, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, human apoptosis antibody array, immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry, small interfering RNA assay, transient transfection of XIAP overexpression vector, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and histopathological examination of organs. NC inhibited cell viability and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in vitro. A human apoptosis antibody array assay showed that XIAP is suppressed by NC treatment. XIAP was overexpressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues that arose from the head and neck, and high XIAP expression was correlated with poor prognosis in OSCC patients. XIAP depletion significantly increased apoptosis, and ectopic XIAP overexpression attenuated the apoptosis induced by NC treatment. NC suppressed tumor growth in vivo at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day. The number of TUNEL-positive cells increased and the protein expression of XIAP was consistently downregulated in NC-treated tumor tissues. In addition, NC caused no histopathological changes in the liver or kidney. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of action underlying the anticancer effects of NC and demonstrate that NC is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of human MEC of the head and neck. KEY MESSAGES: • Nitidine chloride induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in MEC of the head and neck. • High XIAP expression correlates with poor prognosis of OSCC patients. • Nitidine chloride suppresses tumor growth in vivo without any systemic toxicities. • Targeting XIAP is a novel chemotherapeutic strategy for MEC of the head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jeong Kwon
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsil Yoon
- Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Jung
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Heon Ryu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seon Yoo
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hyoung Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Doo Hong
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Jin Y, Liu M, Sa R, Fu H, Cheng L, Chen L. Mouse models of thyroid cancer: Bridging pathogenesis and novel therapeutics. Cancer Lett 2019; 469:35-53. [PMID: 31589905 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to a global increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer, numerous novel mouse models were established to reveal thyroid cancer pathogenesis and test promising therapeutic strategies, necessitating a comprehensive review of translational medicine that covers (i) the role of mouse models in the research of thyroid cancer pathogenesis, and (ii) preclinical testing of potential anti-thyroid cancer therapeutics. The present review article aims to: (i) describe the current approaches for mouse modeling of thyroid cancer, (ii) provide insight into the biology and genetics of thyroid cancers, and (iii) offer guidance on the use of mouse models for testing potential therapeutics in preclinical settings. Based on research with mouse models of thyroid cancer pathogenesis involving the RTK, RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, SRC, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, inhibitors of VEGFR, MEK, mTOR, SRC, and STAT3 have been developed as anti-thyroid cancer drugs for "bench-to-bedside" translation. In the future, mouse models of thyroid cancer will be designed to be ''humanized" and "patient-like," offering opportunities to: (i) investigate the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer through target screening based on the CRISPR/Cas system, (ii) test drugs based on new mouse models, and (iii) explore the underlying mechanisms based on multi-omics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ri Sa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Libo Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Akhtar S, Achkar IW, Siveen KS, Kuttikrishnan S, Prabhu KS, Khan AQ, Ahmed EI, Sahir F, Jerobin J, Raza A, Merhi M, Elsabah HM, Taha R, Omri HE, Zayed H, Dermime S, Steinhoff M, Uddin S. Sanguinarine Induces Apoptosis Pathway in Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines via Inhibition of the JaK2/STAT3 Signaling. Front Oncol 2019; 9:285. [PMID: 31058086 PMCID: PMC6478801 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanguinarine (SNG), a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, has displayed various anticancer abilities in several vivo and in vitro studies. However, the anticancer potential of SNG is yet to be established in multiple myeloma (MM), a mostly incurable malignancy of plasma cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of SNG in a panel of MM cell lines (U266, IM9, MM1S, and RPMI-8226). SNG treatment of MM cells resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability through mitochondrial membrane potential loss and activation of caspase 3, 9, and cleavage of PARP. Pre-treatment of MM cells with a universal caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, prevented SNG mediated loss of cell viability, apoptosis, and caspase activation, confirming that SNG-mediated apoptosis is caspase-dependent. The SNG-mediated apoptosis appears to be resulted from suppression of the constitutively active STAT3 with a concomitant increase in expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-1). SNG treatment of MM cells leads to down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins including cyclin D, Bcl-2, Bclxl, and XIAP. In addition, it also upregulates pro-apoptotic protein, Bax. SNG mediated cellular DNA damage in MM cell lines by induction of oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of glutathione. Finally, the subtoxic concentration of SNG enhanced the cytotoxic effects of anticancer drugs bortezomib (BTZ) by suppressing the viability of MM cells via induction of caspase-mediated apoptosis. Altogether our findings demonstrate that SNG induces mitochondrial and caspase-dependent apoptosis, generates oxidative stress, and suppresses MM cell lines proliferation. In addition, co-treatment of MM cell lines with sub-toxic doses of SNG and BTZ potentiated the cytotoxic activity. These results would suggest that SNG could be developed into therapeutic agent either alone or in combination with other anticancer drugs in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Akhtar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Iman W Achkar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kodappully S Siveen
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eiman I Ahmed
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fairooz Sahir
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jayakumar Jerobin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Afsheen Raza
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hesham M Elsabah
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ruba Taha
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Halima El Omri
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Dermatology Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Weill Cornell-Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Weill Cornell-Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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9
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Li S, Pan B, Li L, Shi B, Xie F, He C. Prognostic significance of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18111-18122. [PMID: 30847951 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is aberrantly expressed in solid tumors. Considering conflicting data, we conducted this meta-analysis to investigate its prognostic role. Electronic databases were searched to collect studies about associations between XIAP expressions and survival outcomes. Hazard ratio (HR), odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were utilized as effect size estimates. A total of 3,794 patients from 21 published studies were included. The results revealed that high XIAP expressions correlated with age (OR = 2.02; 95% CI, 1.07-3.84), lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.02-2.77), histological grade (OR = 2.04; 95% CI, 1.01-4.11), and tumor stage (OR = 2.18; 95% CI, 1.20-3.96). The combined HR revealed that high XIAP expressions associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.22-2.10). Our study suggested high XIAP expressions may be indicative of poor prognosis in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jilin University China-Japan Union Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Baoxiang Pan
- Department of Stomatology, Jilin University School Infirmary, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lihong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jilin University China-Japan Union Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bo Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jilin University China-Japan Union Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chengyan He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jilin University China-Japan Union Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
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10
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Gao X, Zhang L, Wei Y, Yang Y, Li J, Wu H, Yin Y. Prognostic Value of XIAP Level in Patients with Various Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Cancer 2019; 10:1528-1537. [PMID: 31031863 PMCID: PMC6485232 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) plays an important role in cancer pathogenesis, which has been found to be overexpressed in multiple human cancers and associated with survival rates. Herein, we performed a meta-analysis to explore the predictive value of XIAP level in patients with various solid tumors. Methods: Relevant articles exploring the relationship between XIAP expression and survival of cancer patients were retrieved in PubMed, PMC, EMBASE and Web of Science published from 2001 to 2018. The combined hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the significance. Results: A total of 6554 patients from 40 articles were included in this meta-analysis. It was shown in 37 studies with 4864 cases that the over-expression of XIAP was associated with poorer overall survival (OS) (combined HR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.33-1.96). Meanwhile, 8 studies with 1862 cases revealed that elevated XIAP level predicted shorter disease-free survival (DFS) (HR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.03-4.59). Subgroup analyses showed that higher XIAP detection was related to worse OS in gastric cancer (HR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.18-1.72) and head and neck cancer (HNC) (HR=2.97, 95% CI: 1.97-4.47). Conclusion: Our results suggested that elevated XIAP level seemed to represent an unfavorable prognostic factor for clinical outcomes in cancer patients. However, there were limited studies describing the association between XIAP expression and clinical prognosis in each different type of tumors. Therefore, concrete roles of XIAP in various cancers need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing, 211300, China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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11
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Siraj AK, Pratheeshkumar P, Parvathareddy SK, Divya SP, Al-Dayel F, Tulbah A, Ajarim D, Al-Kuraya KS. Overexpression of PARP is an independent prognostic marker for poor survival in Middle Eastern breast cancer and its inhibition can be enhanced with embelin co-treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 9:37319-37332. [PMID: 30647872 PMCID: PMC6324669 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with aggressive breast cancer (BC) subtypes usually don’t have favorable prognosis despite the improvement in treatment modalities. These cancers still remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in females. This has fostered a major effort to discover actionable molecular targets to treat these patients. Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) is one of these molecular targets that are under comprehensive investigation for treatment of such tumors. However, its role in the pathogenesis of BC from Middle Eastern ethnicity has not yet been explored. Therefore, we examined the expression of PARP protein in a large cohort of over 1000 Middle Eastern BC cases by immunohistochemistry. Correlation with clinico-pathological parameters were performed. Nuclear PARP overexpression was observed in 44.7% of all BC cases and was significantly associated with aggressive clinico-pathological markers. Interestingly, nuclear PARP overexpression was an independent predictor of poor prognosis. PARP overexpression was also directly associated with XIAP overexpression, with PARP and XIAP co-expression in 15.8% (159/1008) of our cases. We showed that combined inhibition of PARP by olaparib and XIAP by embelin significantly and synergistically inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in BC cell lines. Finally, co-treatment of olaparib and embelin regressed BC xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. Our results revealed the role of PARP in Middle Eastern BC pathogenesis and prognosis. Furthermore, our data support the potential clinical development of combined inhibition of PARP and XIAP, which eventually could extend the utility of olaparib beyond BRCA deficient cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Khalid Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Tulbah
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dahish Ajarim
- Department of Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Leung DTH, Nguyen T, Oliver EM, Matti J, Alexiadis M, Silke J, Jobling TW, Fuller PJ, Chu S. Combined PPARγ Activation and XIAP Inhibition as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:364-375. [PMID: 30530769 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCT) are characterized by indolent growth and late relapse. No therapeutic modalities aside from surgery have proven effective. We previously reported overexpression of the nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), and constitutive activity of the NFκB and AP1 signaling pathways in GCT. PPARγ presents as a potential therapeutic target as it impedes proliferation and promotes terminal differentiation of granulosa cells. However, resistance to the actions of PPARγ is caused by NFκB transrepression in GCT-derived cell lines, KGN and COV434. We showed that abrogation of NFκB signaling in GCT cells enables PPARγ agonists to initiate apoptosis. In addition, we observed overexpression of an NFκB-induced gene, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), in GCT and GCT-derived cells. XIAP is an attractive therapeutic target due to its role in inhibiting the apoptotic pathway. We investigated the antitumor effects of combined XIAP inhibition using Smac-mimetics and PPARγ activation using thiazolidinediones (TZD) in the GCT-derived cells. Transactivation assays revealed that NFκB transrepression of PPARγ can be relieved by NFκB or XIAP inhibition. Combined Smac-mimetic and TZD significantly induced apoptosis, reduced cell viability and proliferation in KGN cells in monolayer and 3D spheroid culture, and in GCT explant models. The Smac-mimetic and TZD cotreatment also delayed cell invasion, upregulated proapoptotic genes, and compromised cell metabolism in KGN cells. This study provides evidence that PPARγ and XIAP cotreatment has antineoplastic effects in GCT. As therapeutics that target these proteins are already in clinical or preclinical use, expedient translation to the clinic is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilys T H Leung
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Trang Nguyen
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edwina May Oliver
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Juliana Matti
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Alexiadis
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Silke
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas W Jobling
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Fuller
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Chu
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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13
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Inhibition of PIM1 blocks the autophagic flux to sensitize glioblastoma cells to ABT-737-induced apoptosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:175-189. [PMID: 30389373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming apoptosis resistance is one major issue in glioblastoma (GB) therapies. Accumulating evidence indicates that resistance to apoptosis in GB is mediated via upregulation of pro-survival BCL2-family members. The synthetic BH3-mimetic ABT-737 effectively targets BCL2, BCL2 like 1 and BCL2 like 2 but still barely affects cell survival which is presumably due to its inability to inhibit myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1). The constitutively active serine/threonine kinase proviral integration site for moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM1) was recently found to be overexpressed in GB patient samples and to maintain cell survival in these tumors. For different GB cell lines, Western Blot, mitochondrial fractionation, fluorescence microscopy, effector caspase assays, flow cytometry, and an adult organotypic brain slice transplantation model were used to investigate the putative PIM1/MCL1 signaling axis regarding potential synergistic effects with ABT-737. We demonstrate that combination of the PIM1 inhibitor SGI-1776 or the pan-PIM kinase inhibitor AZD1208 with ABT-737 strongly sensitizes GB cells to apoptosis. Unexpectedly, this effect was found to be MCL1-independent, but could be partially blocked by caspase 8 (CASP8) inhibition. Remarkably, the analysis of autophagy markers in combination with the observation of massive accumulation and hampered degradation of autophagosomes suggests a completely novel function of PIM1 as a late stage autophagy regulator, maintaining the autophagic flux at the level of autophagosome/lysosome fusion. Our data indicate that PIM1 inhibition and ABT-737 synergistically induce apoptosis in an MCL1-independent but CASP8-dependent manner in GB. They also identify PIM1 as a suitable target for overcoming apoptosis resistance in GB.
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14
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Khan AQ, Siveen KS, Prabhu KS, Kuttikrishnan S, Akhtar S, Shaar A, Raza A, Mraiche F, Dermime S, Uddin S. Curcumin-Mediated Degradation of S-Phase Kinase Protein 2 Induces Cytotoxic Effects in Human Papillomavirus-Positive and Negative Squamous Carcinoma Cells. Front Oncol 2018; 8:399. [PMID: 30333956 PMCID: PMC6176276 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
S-phase kinase-associated protein2 (Skp2), a proto-oncoprotein, plays an important role in development and progression of human malignancies. Skp2 is frequently overexpressed in many human malignancies. It targets cell cycle progression through ubiquitin mediated degradation of G1-checkpoint CDK inhibitors-p21 (CDKN1A) and p27 (CDKN1B). We investigated the role of Skp2 and its ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using a panel of cell lines with and without human papillomavirus (HPV+, HPV-). Treatment of HNSCC cell lines with curcumin, a natural compound isolated from rhizomes of the plant Curcuma longa, or transfection of small interfering RNA of Skp2, causes down-regulation of Skp2 with concomitant accumulation of p21 and p27 in HPV+, HPV- cells. Furthermore curcumin inhibits cell viability and induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of HPV+ and HPV- cells with curcumin induced apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway and activation of caspases. In addition, treatment of HPV+ and HPV- cell lines with curcumin down-regulated the expression of XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2. Interestingly, co-treatment of HNSCC cells with curcumin and cisplatin potentiated inhibition of cell viability and apoptotic effects. Altogether, these data suggest an important function for curcumin, acting as a suppressor of oncoprotein Skp2 in squamous cell carcinoma cells in both HPV+ and HPV- cells; raise the possibility that this agent may have a future therapeutic role in squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Q. Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kodappully S. Siveen
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kirti S. Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Akhtar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdullah Shaar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Afsheen Raza
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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15
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FoxM1 is an independent poor prognostic marker and therapeutic target for advanced Middle Eastern breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17466-17482. [PMID: 29707121 PMCID: PMC5915129 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cause of cancer-related death in females in Saudi Arabia. BC in Saudi women tend to behave more aggressively than breast cancer in the West. Therefore, identification of new molecular targets and treatment strategies are highly warranted to improve patient outcome. FoxM1 has been shown to play a critical role in pathogenesis of various malignancies. In this study, we explored the prevalence and clinical implication of FoxM1 overexpression in Saudi breast cancer. FoxM1 protein overexpression was seen in 79% (770/975) of BC tissues and was associated with aggressive clinical parameters such as younger age (< 30 yrs) (p = 0.0172), high grade (p < 0.0001), mucinous histology (p < 0.0001) and triple negative phenotype (p < 0.0001). Overexpression of FoxM1 was significantly associated with activated AKT (p < 0.0001), Ki67 expression (p < 0.0001), VEGF (p < 0.0001), MMP-9 (p < 0.0001), XIAP (p < 0.0001) and Bcl-xL (p = 0.0300). Importantly, FoxM1 overexpression is found to be an independent prognostic marker in multivariate analysis in advanced stage (Stage III and IV) breast cancer (p = 0.0298). In vitro data using BC cell lines showed that down-regulation of FoxM1 using specific inhibitor, thiostrepton or siRNA inhibited cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis. In addition, treatment of BC cell lines with thiostrepton resulted in inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, thiostrepton treatment regressed MDA-MB-231 cells generated xenografts via down-regulation of FoxM1 and its downstream targets. Our results suggest that FoxM1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of aggressive breast cancers.
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16
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Role of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) in frozen and thawed dormant and normal-hatched murine blastocysts. Cryobiology 2018; 82:112-117. [PMID: 29605544 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cryo-injury of mammalian blastocysts occurs during cryopreservation and induces apoptosis in trophoblast cells. This damage affects subsequent embryo development or may even cause death before implantation. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is an anti-apoptosis gene that has been widely studied in cancer research. However, only a few studies have investigated the activity of XIAP in cryopreservation. In this study, we investigate the role of XIAP in frozen and thawed murine blastocysts. A total of 1630 blastocysts were divided into fresh and freeze-thaw groups, and XIAP expression was investigated using qPCR, Western blot and confocal analyses. In addition, the effect of the embelin (a XIAP inhibitor) was also evaluated by co-culturing 390 dormant blastocysts. XIAP protein is primarily localized to the mitochondria of trophoblastic cells. Gene and protein expression is significantly down-regulated in blastocysts after cryopreservation, whereas embelin has negative effect on their survivals. These findings further broaden the understanding of mammalian embryonic cryopreservation.
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Prabhu KS, Achkar IW, Kuttikrishnan S, Akhtar S, Khan AQ, Siveen KS, Uddin S. Embelin: a benzoquinone possesses therapeutic potential for the treatment of human cancer. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:961-976. [PMID: 29620447 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been gaining recognition and are becoming a significant part of research in the area of drug development and discovery. Phytochemicals derived from these sources have been comprehensively studied and have displayed a wide range of activities against many fatal diseases including cancer. One such product that has gained recognition from its pharmacological properties and nontoxic nature is embelin, obtained from Embelia ribes. Amid all the vivid pharmacological activities, embelin has gained its prominence in the area of cancer research. Embelin binds to the BIR3 domain of XIAP, preventing the association of XIAP and caspase-9 resulting in the suppression of cell growth, proliferation and migration of various types of cancer cells. Furthermore, embelin modulates anti-apoptotic pathways by suppressing the activity of NF-κB, PI3-kinase/AKT, JAK/STAT pathway - among others. The present review summarizes the various reported effects of embelin on different types of cancer cells and highlights the cellular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Iman W Achkar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Akhtar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kodapully S Siveen
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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18
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Pratheeshkumar P, Siraj AK, Divya SP, Parvathareddy SK, Begum R, Melosantos R, Al-Sobhi SS, Al-Dawish M, Al-Dayel F, Al-Kuraya KS. Downregulation of SKP2 in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Acts Synergistically With TRAIL on Inducing Apoptosis via ROS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1530-1544. [PMID: 29300929 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE S-phase kinase protein 2 (SKP2) is an F-box protein with proteasomal properties and has been found to be overexpressed in a variety of cancers. However, its role in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has not been fully elucidated. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN SKP2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray format on a cohort of >1000 PTC samples. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed using proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and proapoptopic death ligand tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) either alone or in combination on PTC cell lines. RESULTS SKP2 was overexpressed in 45.5% of PTC cases and was significantly associated with extrathyroidal extension (P = 0.0451), distant metastasis (P = 0.0435), and tall cell variant (P = 0.0271). SKP2 overexpression was also directly associated with X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein overexpression (P < 0.0001) and Bcl-xL overexpression (P = 0.0005) and inversely associated with death receptor 5 (P < 0.0001). The cotreatment of bortezomib and TRAIL synergistically induced apoptosis via mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in PTC cell lines. Furthermore, bortezomib and TRAIL synergistically induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and caused death receptor 5 upregulation through activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-C/EBP homologous protein signaling cascade. Finally, bortezomib treatment augmented the TRAIL-mediated anticancer effect on PTC xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. CONCLUSION These data suggest that SKP2 is a potential therapeutic target in PTC and that a combination of bortezomib and TRAIL might be a viable therapeutic option for the treatment of patients with aggressive PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul K Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rafia Begum
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roxanne Melosantos
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif S Al-Sobhi
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Dawish
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Ko JH, Lee SG, Yang WM, Um JY, Sethi G, Mishra S, Shanmugam MK, Ahn KS. The Application of Embelin for Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Molecules 2018. [PMID: 29522451 PMCID: PMC6017120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Embelin is a naturally-occurring benzoquinone compound that has been shown to possess many biological properties relevant to human cancer prevention and treatment, and increasing evidence indicates that embelin may modulate various characteristic hallmarks of tumor cells. This review summarizes the information related to the various oncogenic pathways that mediate embelin-induced cell death in multiple cancer cells. The mechanisms of the action of embelin are numerous, and most of them induce apoptotic cell death that may be intrinsic or extrinsic, and modulate the NF-κB, p53, PI3K/AKT, and STAT3 signaling pathways. Embelin also induces autophagy in cancer cells; however, these autophagic cell-death mechanisms of embelin have been less reported than the apoptotic ones. Recently, several autophagy-inducing agents have been used in the treatment of different human cancers, although they require further exploration before being transferred from the bench to the clinic. Therefore, embelin could be used as a potential agent for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Srishti Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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20
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Donato S, Santos R, Simões H, Leite V. Novel therapies against aggressive differentiated thyroid carcinomas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINE ONCOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/ije-2017-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) is increasing. Although the majority of these cancers have a good prognosis, 10% of these will develop local recurrence and/or distant metastases. Conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy has been largely replaced by molecular-target therapies, but it can still have a role. Two tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of advanced differentiated TC. They significantly improve progression-free survival, but at the cost of frequent and potentially serious adverse effects. At the moment, there are multiple clinical trials with other tyrosine kinase inhibitors and other drugs. We present a review of the current standard of care and what is up to come in the treatment of advanced TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Donato
- Endocrinology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Santos
- Endocrinology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helder Simões
- Endocrinology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Valeriano Leite
- Endocrinology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
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21
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Down-regulation of XIAP enhances the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170711. [PMID: 28821565 PMCID: PMC5603754 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of X-chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) gene silencing on the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer (EC) cells. Western blotting was used to select EC cell lines with XIAP overexpression. Selected EC9706 and KYSE30 cell lines were both divided into four groups: the blank control group, the negative control (NC) group (transfected with pBSHH1), the siRNA-enhanced group (transfected with pBSHH1-XIAP1-siRNA), and the siRNA-decreased group (transfected with pBSHH1-XIAP2-siRNA). Expressions of XIAP were measured by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting, cell survival and viability by MTT assay and colony formation assay, and cell apoptosis by flow cytometry, respectively. Caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity were detected using caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity detection kits. A nude mice model of EC9706 cell line was established to measure tumorigenesis ability. Compared with the NC group, XIAP mRNA and protein expressions were decreased, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity and apoptosis were up-regulated, and cell survival rate and colony-forming efficiency were lower in the siRNA-enhanced and siRNA-decreased groups in both the cell lines; while the opposite trends were found in the siRNA-decreased group compared with the siRNA-enhanced group. Tumor weight and volume of nude mice were decreased in the siRNA-enhanced and siRNA-decreased groups than those in the NC group, and were elevated in the siRNA-decreased group compared with the siRNA-enhanced group. These results indicate that XIAP gene silencing would strengthen the radiosensitivity of EC9706 cells, which provides a novel target for the treatment of EC.
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22
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Hussain AR, Siraj AK, Ahmed M, Bu R, Pratheeshkumar P, Alrashed AM, Qadri Z, Ajarim D, Al-Dayel F, Beg S, Al-Kuraya KS. XIAP over-expression is an independent poor prognostic marker in Middle Eastern breast cancer and can be targeted to induce efficient apoptosis. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:640. [PMID: 28893228 PMCID: PMC5594504 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3627-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females and is ranked second in cancer-related deaths all over the world in women. Despite improvement in diagnosis, the survival rate of this disease has still not improved. X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis (XIAP) has been shown to be over-expressed in various cancers leading to poor overall survival. However, the role of XIAP in breast cancer from Middle Eastern region has not been fully explored. Methods We examined the expression of XIAP in more than 1000 Middle Eastern breast cancer cases by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Protein expression was determined by western blotting. Finally, in vivo studies were performed on nude mice following xenografting and treatment with inhibitors. Results XIAP was found to be over-expressed in 29.5% of cases and directly associated with clinical parameters such as tumor size, extra nodal extension, triple negative breast cancer and poorly differentiated breast cancer subtype. In addition, XIAP over-expression was also significantly associated with PI3-kinase pathway protein; p-AKT, proliferative marker; Ki-67 and anti-apoptotic marker; PARP. XIAP over-expression in our cohort of breast cancer was an independent poor prognostic marker in multivariate analysis. Next, we investigated inhibition of XIAP using a specific inhibitor; embelin and found that embelin treatment led to inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Finally, breast cancer cells treated with combination of embelin and PI3-kinase inhibitor; LY294002 synergistically induced apoptosis and caused tumor growth regression in vivo. Conclusion These data suggest that XIAP may be playing an important role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and can be therapeutically targeted either alone or in combination with PI3-kinase inhibition to induce efficient apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3627-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar R Hussain
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Cancer, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Khalid Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Cancer, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqbool Ahmed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Cancer, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rong Bu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Cancer, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Cancer, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Zeeshan Qadri
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Cancer, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dahish Ajarim
- Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaham Beg
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Cancer, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Cancer, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia. .,AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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23
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Pandey MK, Gupta SC, Nabavizadeh A, Aggarwal BB. Regulation of cell signaling pathways by dietary agents for cancer prevention and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:158-181. [PMID: 28823533 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that better food habits do play important role in cancer prevention and treatment, how dietary agents mediate their effects remains poorly understood. More than thousand different polyphenols have been identified from dietary plants. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanism by which dietary agents can modulate a variety of cell-signaling pathways linked to cancer, including transcription factors, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), activator protein-1 (AP-1), β-catenin/Wnt, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor- gamma (PPAR-γ), Sonic Hedgehog, and nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2); growth factors receptors (EGFR, VEGFR, IGF1-R); protein Kinases (Ras/Raf, mTOR, PI3K, Bcr-abl and AMPK); and pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, interleukins, COX-2, 5-LOX). In addition, modulation of proteasome and epigenetic changes by the dietary agents also play a major role in their ability to control cancer. Both in vitro and animal based studies support the role of dietary agents in cancer. The efficacy of dietary agents by clinical trials has also been reported. Importantly, natural agents are already in clinical trials against different kinds of cancer. Overall both in vitro and in vivo studies performed with dietary agents strongly support their role in cancer prevention. Thus, the famous quote "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food" made by Hippocrates 25 centuries ago still holds good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA.
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
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Prabhu KS, Siveen KS, Kuttikrishnan S, Iskandarani A, Tsakou M, Achkar IW, Therachiyil L, Krishnankutty R, Parray A, Kulinski M, Merhi M, Dermime S, Mohammad RM, Uddin S. Targeting of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and PI3-kinase/AKT signaling by embelin suppresses growth of leukemic cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180895. [PMID: 28704451 PMCID: PMC5509148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is a viable molecular target for anticancer drugs that overcome apoptosis-resistance of malignant cells. XIAP is an inhibitor of apoptosis, mediating through its association with BIR3 domain of caspase 9. Embelin, a quinone derivative isolated from the Embelia ribes plant, has been shown to exhibit chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic activities via inhibiting XIAP activity. In this study, we found that embelin causes a dose-dependent suppression of proliferation in leukemic cell lines K562 and U937. Embelin mediated inhibition of proliferation correlates with induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, embelin treatment causes loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c, resulting in subsequent activation of caspase-3 followed by polyadenosin-5’-diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. In addition, embelin treatment of leukemic cells results in a decrease of constitutive phosphorylations/activation level of AKT and downregulation of XIAP. Gene silencing of XIAP and AKT expression showed a link between XIAP expression and activated AKT in leukemic cells. Interestingly, targeting of XIAP and PI3-kinase/AKT signaling augmented inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in leukemic cells. Altogether these findings raise the possibility that embelin alone or in combination with inhibitors of PI3-kinase/AKT pathway may have therapeutic usage in leukemia and possibly other malignancies with up-regulated XIAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti S. Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Kodappully S. Siveen
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Ahmad Iskandarani
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Magdalini Tsakou
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Iman W. Achkar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Lubna Therachiyil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Roopesh Krishnankutty
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Aijaz Parray
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Michal Kulinski
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Ramzi M. Mohammad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
- * E-mail:
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25
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French JD, Bible K, Spitzweg C, Haugen BR, Ryder M. Leveraging the immune system to treat advanced thyroid cancers. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017; 5:469-481. [PMID: 27773653 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has long been associated with the thyroid and with thyroid cancers, raising seminal questions about the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of advanced thyroid cancers. With a growing understanding of dynamic tumour-immune cell interactions and the mechanisms by which tumour cells evade antitumour immunity, the field of cancer immunotherapy has been revolutionised. In this Review, we provide evidence to support the presence of an antitumour immune response in advanced thyroid cancers linked to cytotoxic T cells and NK cells. This antitumour response, however, is likely blunted by the presence of immunosuppressive pathways within the microenvironment, facilitated by tumour-associated macrophages or increased expression of negative regulators of cytotoxic T-cell function. Current and future efforts to incorporate immune-based therapies into existing tumour cell or endothelial-derived therapies-eg, with kinase inhibitors targeting tumour-associated macrophages or antibodies blocking negative regulators on T cells-could provide improved and durable responses for patients with disease that is otherwise refractory to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena D French
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Keith Bible
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christine Spitzweg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Bryan R Haugen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mabel Ryder
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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26
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Werner TA, Tamkan-Ölcek Y, Dizdar L, Riemer JC, Wolf A, Cupisti K, Verde PE, Knoefel WT, Krieg A. Survivin and XIAP: two valuable biomarkers in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:427-34. [PMID: 26882066 PMCID: PMC4815780 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) accounts for ∼5% of all thyroid malignancies. To date, surgery is the first-line therapy with curative intention. However, for advanced MTC, conventional chemotherapeutic agents do not provide convincing results. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers that can be antagonised by small-molecule therapeutics may lead to novel encouraging treatment options. Methods: Seventy-nine patients with surgically resected and histologically confirmed MTC were included in this study. Tissue microarrays were constructed to assess the relationship between inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) survivin or XIAP expression levels and clinicopathological variables as well as overall survival. Results: High survivin or XIAP expression was associated with an advanced T-stage and metastatic disease. Whereas tissue expression levels of survivin correlated with serum calcitonin levels, XIAP was overexpressed in the subgroup of patients with sporadic MTC. Both IAPs were negatively associated with patient survival in the multivariate Cox regressions analysis (survivin: hazard ratio (HR) 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21–2.16; P=0.001; XIAP: HR 1.78; 95% CI: 1.16–2.72; P=0.008). Conclusions: Survivin and XIAP demonstrate distinct expression patterns in MTCs, which are associated with advanced disease and poor prognosis. We thus provide first evidence that both IAPs might serve as viable targets in patients with MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Werner
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Building 12.46, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Yasemin Tamkan-Ölcek
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Building 12.46, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Levent Dizdar
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Building 12.46, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jasmin C Riemer
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Achim Wolf
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Building 12.46, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Department of Surgery I, Ingolstadt Medical Center, Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Kenko Cupisti
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Building 12.46, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Marien-Hospital Euskirchen, Euskirchen, Germany
| | - Pablo E Verde
- Coordination Center for Clinical Trials, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfram T Knoefel
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Building 12.46, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Krieg
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Building 12.46, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf, Germany
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27
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Robbins HL, Hague A. The PI3K/Akt Pathway in Tumors of Endocrine Tissues. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:188. [PMID: 26793165 PMCID: PMC4707207 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is a key driver in carcinogenesis. Defects in this pathway in human cancer syndromes such as Cowden's disease and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia result in tumors of endocrine tissues, highlighting its importance in these cancer types. This review explores the growing evidence from multiple animal and in vitro models and from analysis of human tumors for the involvement of this pathway in the following: thyroid carcinoma subtypes, parathyroid carcinoma, pituitary tumors, adrenocortical carcinoma, phaeochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. While data are not always consistent, immunohistochemistry performed on human tumor tissue has been used alongside other techniques to demonstrate Akt overactivation. We review active Akt as a potential prognostic marker and the PI3K pathway as a therapeutic target in endocrine neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Louise Robbins
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
| | - Angela Hague
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- *Correspondence: Angela Hague,
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