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Chen M, Jiang H, Zhang C. Selected Genetic Factors Associated with Primary Ovarian Insufficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054423. [PMID: 36901862 PMCID: PMC10002966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a heterogeneous disease resulting from non-functional ovaries in women before the age of 40. It is characterized by primary amenorrhea or secondary amenorrhea. As regards its etiology, although many POI cases are idiopathic, menopausal age is a heritable trait and genetic factors play an important role in all POI cases with known causes, accounting for approximately 20% to 25% of cases. This paper reviews the selected genetic causes implicated in POI and examines their pathogenic mechanisms to show the crucial role of genetic effects on POI. The genetic factors that can be found in POI cases include chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., X chromosomal aneuploidies, structural X chromosomal abnormalities, X-autosome translocations, and autosomal variations), single gene mutations (e.g., newborn ovary homeobox gene (NOBOX), folliculogenesis specific bHLH transcription factor (FIGLA), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), forkhead box L2 (FOXL2), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), etc., as well as defects in mitochondrial functions and non-coding RNAs (small ncRNAs and long ncRNAs). These findings are beneficial for doctors to diagnose idiopathic POI cases and predict the risk of POI in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchi Chen
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Haotian Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence:
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Harsini S, Rezaei N. Autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Cranston T, Boon H, Olesen MK, Ryan FJ, Shears D, London R, Rostom H, Elajnaf T, Thakker RV, Hannan FM. Spectrum of germline AIRE mutations causing APS-1 and familial hypoparathyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 187:111-122. [PMID: 35521792 PMCID: PMC9175554 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective The autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterised by immune dysregulation and autoimmune endocrine gland destruction. APS-1 is caused by biallelic mutations affecting the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene on chromosome 21q22.3, which facilitates immunological self-tolerance. The objective was to investigate >300 probands with suspected APS-1 or isolated hypoparathyroidism for AIRE abnormalities. Methods Probands were assessed by DNA sequence analysis. Novel variants were characterised using 3D modelling of the AIRE protein. Restriction enzyme and microsatellite analysis were used to investigate for uniparental isodisomy. Results Biallelic AIRE mutations were identified in 35 probands with APS-1 and 5 probands with isolated hypoparathyroidism. These included a novel homozygous p.(His14Pro) mutation, predicted to disrupt the N-terminal caspase activation recruitment domain of the AIRE protein. Furthermore, an apparently homozygous AIRE mutation, p.Leu323fs, was identified in an APS-1 proband, who is the child of non-consanguineous asymptomatic parents. Microsatellite analysis revealed that the proband inherited two copies of the paternal mutant AIRE allele due to uniparental isodisomy. Hypoparathyroidism was the most common endocrine manifestation in AIRE mutation-positive probands and >45% of those harbouring AIRE mutations had at least two diseases out of the triad of candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and hypoadrenalism. In contrast, type 1 diabetes and hypothyroidism occurred more frequently in AIRE mutation-negative probands with suspected APS-1. Around 30% of AIRE mutation-negative probands with isolated hypoparathyroidism harboured mutations in other hypoparathyroid genes. Conclusions This study of a large cohort referred for AIRE mutational analysis expands the spectrum of genetic abnormalities causing APS-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Treena Cranston
- Oxford Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Hannah Boon
- Oxford Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Mie K Olesen
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona J Ryan
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Deborah Shears
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Rosemary London
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Hussam Rostom
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Taha Elajnaf
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Fadil M Hannan
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Canaff L, Guarnieri V, Kim Y, Wong BYL, Nolin-Lapalme A, Cole DEC, Minisola S, Eller-Vainicher C, Cetani F, Repaci A, Turchetti D, Corbetta S, Scillitani A, Goltzman D. Novel Glial Cells Missing-2 (GCM2) variants in parathyroid disorders. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 186:351-366. [PMID: 35038313 DOI: 10.1016/10.1530/eje-21-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze variants of the gene glial cells missing-2 (GCM2), encoding a parathyroid cell-specific transcription factor, in familial hypoparathyroidism and in familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP) without and with parathyroid carcinoma. DESIGN We characterized 2 families with hypoparathyroidism and 19 with FIHP in which we examined the mechanism of action of GCM2 variants. METHODS Leukocyte DNA of hypoparathyroid individuals was Sanger sequenced for CASR, PTH, GNA11 and GCM2 mutations. DNA of hyperparathyroid individuals underwent MEN1, CDKN1B, CDC73, CASR, RET and GCM2 sequencing. The actions of identified GCM2 variants were evaluated by in vitro functional analyses. RESULTS A novel homozygous p.R67C GCM2 mutation which failed to stimulate transcriptional activity in a luciferase assay was identified in affected members of two hypoparathyroid families. Oligonucleotide pull-down assay and in silico structural modeling indicated that this mutant had lost the ability to bind the consensus GCM recognition sequence of DNA. Two novel (p.I383M and p.T386S) and one previously reported (p.Y394S) heterozygous GCM2 variants that lie within a C-terminal conserved inhibitory domain were identified in three affected individuals of the hyperparathyroid families. One family member, heterozygous for p.I138M, had parathyroid carcinoma (PC), and a heterozygous p.V382M variant was found in another patient affected by sporadic PC. These variants exerted significantly enhanced in vitrotranscriptional activity, including increased stimulation of the PTH promoter. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that two novel GCM2 R67C inactivating mutations with an inability to bind DNA are causative of hypoparathyroidism. Additionally, we provide evidence that two novel GCM2 variants increased transactivation of the PTH promoter in vitro and are associated with FIHP. Furthermore, our studies suggest that activating GCM2 variants may contribute to facilitating more aggressive parathyroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Canaff
- Metabolic Complications and Disorders, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vito Guarnieri
- Division of Medical Genetics and Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Yoojung Kim
- Metabolic Complications and Disorders, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Betty Y L Wong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexis Nolin-Lapalme
- Metabolic Complications and Disorders, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David E C Cole
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, 'Sapienza' Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Eller-Vainicher
- Department of Medical Sciences and Community, Fondazione Ca'Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Repaci
- Unit of Endocrinology, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Turchetti
- Center for the Studies of Hereditary Cancers, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Corbetta
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Service, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfredo Scillitani
- Division of Medical Genetics and Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - David Goltzman
- Metabolic Complications and Disorders, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Canaff L, Guarnieri V, Kim Y, Wong BYL, Nolin-Lapalme A, Cole DEC, Minisola S, Eller-Vainicher C, Cetani F, Repaci A, Turchetti D, Corbetta S, Scillitani A, Goltzman D. Novel Glial Cells Missing-2 (GCM2) variants in parathyroid disorders. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 186:351-366. [PMID: 35038313 PMCID: PMC8859918 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze variants of the gene glial cells missing-2 (GCM2), encoding a parathyroid cell-specific transcription factor, in familial hypoparathyroidism and in familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP) without and with parathyroid carcinoma. DESIGN We characterized 2 families with hypoparathyroidism and 19 with FIHP in which we examined the mechanism of action of GCM2 variants. METHODS Leukocyte DNA of hypoparathyroid individuals was Sanger sequenced for CASR, PTH, GNA11 and GCM2 mutations. DNA of hyperparathyroid individuals underwent MEN1, CDKN1B, CDC73, CASR, RET and GCM2 sequencing. The actions of identified GCM2 variants were evaluated by in vitro functional analyses. RESULTS A novel homozygous p.R67C GCM2 mutation which failed to stimulate transcriptional activity in a luciferase assay was identified in affected members of two hypoparathyroid families. Oligonucleotide pull-down assay and in silico structural modeling indicated that this mutant had lost the ability to bind the consensus GCM recognition sequence of DNA. Two novel (p.I383M and p.T386S) and one previously reported (p.Y394S) heterozygous GCM2 variants that lie within a C-terminal conserved inhibitory domain were identified in three affected individuals of the hyperparathyroid families. One family member, heterozygous for p.I138M, had parathyroid carcinoma (PC), and a heterozygous p.V382M variant was found in another patient affected by sporadic PC. These variants exerted significantly enhanced in vitrotranscriptional activity, including increased stimulation of the PTH promoter. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that two novel GCM2 R67C inactivating mutations with an inability to bind DNA are causative of hypoparathyroidism. Additionally, we provide evidence that two novel GCM2 variants increased transactivation of the PTH promoter in vitro and are associated with FIHP. Furthermore, our studies suggest that activating GCM2 variants may contribute to facilitating more aggressive parathyroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Canaff
- Metabolic Complications and Disorders, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vito Guarnieri
- Division of Medical Genetics and Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Yoojung Kim
- Metabolic Complications and Disorders, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Betty Y L Wong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexis Nolin-Lapalme
- Metabolic Complications and Disorders, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David E C Cole
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, ‘Sapienza’ Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Eller-Vainicher
- Department of Medical Sciences and Community, Fondazione Ca’Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Repaci
- Unit of Endocrinology, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Turchetti
- Center for the Studies of Hereditary Cancers, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Corbetta
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Service, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfredo Scillitani
- Division of Medical Genetics and Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - David Goltzman
- Metabolic Complications and Disorders, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Correspondence should be addressed to D Goltzman;
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Setoodeh A, Panjeh-Shahi S, Bahmani F, Vand-Rajabpour F, Jalilian N, Sayarifard F, Abbasi F, Sayarifard A, Rostami P, Parvaneh N, Akhavan-Niaki H, Ahmadifard M, Tabrizi M. Molecular and clinical characterization of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy syndrome (APECED) in Iranian non-Jewish patients: report of two novel AIRE gene pathogenic variants. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:10. [PMID: 34991662 PMCID: PMC8734050 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy syndrome (APECED) is a rare autosomal recessive systemic autoimmune disease caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. Incidence of this genetic disorder is estimated at 1/90,000–200,000 worldwide and 1/6500–9000 in genetically isolated populations such as Iran. Here, we investigated AIRE gene mutations in eight independent Iranian non-Jewish families. Methods We sequenced the coding regions of the AIRE gene and documented mutations which were further confirmed in respective parents. Results In total, 11 cases from 8 independent families were recruited. Mucosal candidiasis, Addison’s disease and hypoparathyroidism were the most common clinical manifestations in these patients. One novel homozygous splice acceptor mutation (c.308-1G>C), and one novel heterozygous stop-gain mutation (c.1496delC) combined with a known heterozygous c.232T>C missense mutation were found. Moreover, we observed previously described splice donor (c.1095+2T>A), frameshift (c.967-979del), stop-gain (c.415C>T), and missense (c.62C>T) mutations among the patients. All results were co-segregated in parents. Conclusion Here, we reported two novel mutations in the AIRE gene leading to APECED. Our data could provide insight into the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of APECED in the non-Jewish Iranian population. These findings, in addition to future functional assays, can elucidate disease-causing mechanisms related to the AIRE gene and assist in genetic counseling and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Setoodeh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Growth and Development Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samareh Panjeh-Shahi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fariba Bahmani
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Growth and Development Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Vand-Rajabpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Jalilian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sayarifard
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Growth and Development Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Abbasi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Growth and Development Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Sayarifard
- Growth and Development Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Rostami
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Growth and Development Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Parvaneh
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Ahmadifard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mina Tabrizi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wang YB, Wang O, Nie M, Jiang Y, Li M, Xia WB, Xing XP. Characterization of the clinical and genetic spectrum of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 in Chinese case series. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:296. [PMID: 34217342 PMCID: PMC8254246 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1) is a hereditary disease caused by mutations in the AIRE gene with both endocrine and non-endocrine organ involvement. The existing data from China are limited, and this study aims to describe the phenotypes and genetic characterization in Chinese APS1 patients. In this single-center, retrospective, observational study, comprehensive endocrine and extra-endocrine manifestations were collected, and genetic analysis in AIRE was conducted in patients with APS1 between the years of 1984 and 2018 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. RESULTS In total, 13 patients from 12 unrelated families were enrolled, seven of whom were female, with hypoparathyroidism, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, and Addison's disease being the most frequently observed manifestations. Up to 84.7% presented with two or three of the above-mentioned manifestations, and nearly 4.9 ± 1.8 components presented in patients aged 21.2 ± 7.9 years old. Several less common phenotypes, such as myeloproliferative disease, pure red cell aplasia, renal tubular acidosis, asplenia, autoimmune hepatitis, and ankylosing spondylitis, were also observed in patients. Altogether, seven different AIRE mutations were found in six patients, four of which (K161fs, G208V, A246fs, and L308F) had not been previously reported in patients with APS1. CONCLUSION We have provided a comprehensive profile of Chinese patients with APS1, with less commonly observed features being observed in addition to more regularly seen manifestations. Additionally, different AIRE mutations that were observed have expanded the genetic spectrum, which will help with future understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of APS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Bing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District, Shuaifuyuan No.1, Beijing, 100730 China
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Ou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District, Shuaifuyuan No.1, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Min Nie
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District, Shuaifuyuan No.1, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District, Shuaifuyuan No.1, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District, Shuaifuyuan No.1, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Wei-Bo Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District, Shuaifuyuan No.1, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Xiao-Ping Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District, Shuaifuyuan No.1, Beijing, 100730 China
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Sun Z, Chang HM, Wang A, Song J, Zhang X, Guo J, Leung PCK, Lian F. Identification of potential metabolic biomarkers of polycystic ovary syndrome in follicular fluid by SWATH mass spectrometry. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:45. [PMID: 31186025 PMCID: PMC6560878 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder associated with multiple metabolic disturbance, including defective glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. The altered metabolites caused by the related metabolic disturbance may affect ovarian follicles, which can be reflected in follicular fluid composition. The aim of this study is to investigate follicular fluid metabolic profiles in women with PCOS using an advanced sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment-ion spectra (SWATH) mass spectrometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen women with PCOS and twenty-one healthy controls undergoing IVF/ET were recruited, and their follicular fluid samples were collected for metabolomic study. Follicular fluid metabolic profiles, including steroid hormones, free fatty acids, bioactive lipids, and amino acids were analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares to latent structure-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model. RESULTS Levels of free fatty acids, 3-hydroxynonanoyl carnitine and eicosapentaenoic acid were significantly increased (P < 0.05), whereas those of bioactive lipids, lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoPC) (16:0), phytosphingosine, LysoPC (14:0) and LysoPC (18:0) were significantly decreased in women with PCOS (P < 0.05). Additionally, levels of steroid hormone deoxycorticosterone and two amino acids, phenylalanine and leucine were higher in the PCOS patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Women with PCOS display unique metabolic profiles in their follicular fluid, and this data may provide us with important biochemical information and metabolic signatures that enable a better understanding of the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengao Sun
- grid.479672.9Integrative Medicine Research Centre of Reproduction and Heredity, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 42 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250011 China
- 0000 0001 2288 9830grid.17091.3eDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V5 Canada
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- grid.479672.9Integrative Medicine Research Centre of Reproduction and Heredity, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 42 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250011 China
- 0000 0001 2288 9830grid.17091.3eDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V5 Canada
| | - Aijuan Wang
- grid.479672.9Integrative Medicine Research Centre of Reproduction and Heredity, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 42 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250011 China
| | - Jingyan Song
- grid.479672.9Integrative Medicine Research Centre of Reproduction and Heredity, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 42 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250011 China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- grid.479672.9Integrative Medicine Research Centre of Reproduction and Heredity, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 42 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250011 China
| | - Jiayin Guo
- 0000 0000 8877 7471grid.284723.8Guandong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Peter C. K. Leung
- grid.479672.9Integrative Medicine Research Centre of Reproduction and Heredity, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 42 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250011 China
- 0000 0001 2288 9830grid.17091.3eDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V5 Canada
- 0000 0001 2288 9830grid.17091.3eDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Room 317, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4 Canada
| | - Fang Lian
- grid.479672.9Integrative Medicine Research Centre of Reproduction and Heredity, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 42 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250011 China
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Constantine GM, Lionakis MS. Lessons from primary immunodeficiencies: Autoimmune regulator and autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy. Immunol Rev 2019; 287:103-120. [PMID: 30565240 PMCID: PMC6309421 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) protein and the delineation of its critical contributions in the establishment of central immune tolerance has significantly expanded our understanding of the immunological mechanisms that protect from the development of autoimmune disease. The parallel identification and characterization of patient cohorts with the monogenic disorder autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), which is typically caused by biallelic AIRE mutations, has underscored the critical contribution of AIRE in fungal immune surveillance at mucosal surfaces and in prevention of multiorgan autoimmunity in humans. In this review, we synthesize the current clinical, genetic, molecular and immunological knowledge derived from basic studies in Aire-deficient animals and from APECED patient cohorts. We also outline major advances and research endeavors that show promise for informing improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for patients with APECED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Constantine
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Abstract
Hypoparathyroidism is a metabolic disorder characterized by hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and inadequate levels of or function of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The authors review the nonsurgical or medical causes of hypoparathyroidism. The most common of the nonsurgical causes is autoimmune destruction of the parathyroid. Magnesium deficiency or excess can cause a functional hypoparathyroidism. Genetic conditions result in hypoparathyroidism as part of a syndrome or in isolation. Pseudohypoparathyroidism reflects a resistance to PTH. Infiltrative, metastatic, radiation destruction, mineral deposition, or idiopathic are uncommon causes of hypoparathyroidism. This article reviews the causes of hypoparathyroidism and an approach to the evaluation of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrah Siraj
- Calcium Disorders Clinic, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Yasser Hakami
- Calcium Disorders Clinic, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Aliya Khan
- Calcium Disorders Clinic, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada.
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11
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Abstract
Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia and is due to insufficient levels of circulating parathyroid hormone. Hypoparathyroidism may be an isolated condition or a component of a complex syndrome. Although genetic disorders are not the most common cause of hypoparathyroidism, molecular analyses have identified a growing number of genes that when defective result in impaired formation of the parathyroid glands, disordered synthesis or secretion of parathyroid hormone, or postnatal destruction of the parathyroid glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Gordon
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Center for Bone Health, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 11 Northwest Tower, Suite 30, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Michael A Levine
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Center for Bone Health, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Abramson Research Building, Room 510A, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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12
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Weiler FG, Peterson P, Costa-Carvalho BT, de Barros Dorna M, Correia-Deur JE, Sader SL, Espíndola-Antunes D, Guerra-Junior G, Dias-da-Silva MR, Lazaretti-Castro M. The heterogeneity of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1: Clinical features, new mutations and cytokine autoantibodies in a Brazilian cohort from tertiary care centers. Clin Immunol 2018; 197:231-238. [PMID: 30287219 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1) is characterized by multiorgan autoimmunity. We aim at characterizing a multi-center Brazilian cohort of APS1 patients by clinical evaluation, searching mutation in the AIRE gene, measuring serum autoantibodies, and investigating correlations between findings. We recruited patients based on the clinical criteria and tested them for AIRE mutations, antibodies against interferon type I and interleukins 17A, 17F and 22. We identified 12 unrelated families (13 patients) with typical signs of APS1 in the proband, and the screening of relatives recognized an asymptomatic child. Candidiasis was present in all cases, and 19 other manifestations were observed. All patients carried one of 10 different mutations in AIRE, being 3 new ones, and were positive for anti-interferon type I serum antibody. Anti-interleukin-17A levels inversely correlated with the number of manifestations in each patient. This negative correlation may suggest a protective effect of anti-interleukin-17A with a potential therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Guimarães Weiler
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Mayra de Barros Dorna
- Allergy and immunology unit, Department of Pediatrics, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Soraya Lopes Sader
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gil Guerra-Junior
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Magnus Régios Dias-da-Silva
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marise Lazaretti-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Blackburn PR, Chacon-Camacho OF, Ortiz-González XR, Reyes M, Lopez-Uriarte GA, Zarei S, Bhoj EJ, Perez-Solorzano S, Vaubel RA, Murphree MI, Nava J, Cortes-Gonzalez V, Parisi JE, Villanueva-Mendoza C, Tirado-Torres IG, Li D, Klee EW, Pichurin PN, Zenteno JC. Extension of the mutational and clinical spectrum of SOX2 related disorders: Description of six new cases and a novel association with suprasellar teratoma. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2710-2719. [PMID: 30450772 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SOX2 is a transcription factor that is essential for maintenance of pluripotency and has several conserved roles in early embryonic development. Heterozygous loss-of-function variants in SOX2 are identified in approximately 40% of all cases of bilateral anophthalmia/micropthalmia (A/M). Increasingly SOX2 mutation-positive patients without major eye findings, but with a range of other developmental disorders including autism, mild to moderate intellectual disability with or without structural brain changes, esophageal atresia, urogenital anomalies, and endocrinopathy are being reported, suggesting that the clinical phenotype associated with SOX2 loss is much broader than previously appreciated. In this report we describe six new cases, four of which carry novel pathogenic SOX2 variants. Four cases presented with bilateral anophthalmia in addition to extraocular involvement. Another individual presented with only unilateral anophthalmia. One individual did not have any eye findings but presented with a suprasellar teratoma in infancy and was found to have the recurrent c.70del20 mutation in SOX2 (c.70_89del, p.Asn24Argfs*65). This is this first time this tumor type has been reported in the context of a de novo SOX2 mutation. Notably, individuals with hypothalamic hamartomas and slow-growing hypothalamo-pituitary tumors have been reported previously, but it is still unclear how SOX2 loss contributes to their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Blackburn
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Oscar F Chacon-Camacho
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Xilma R Ortiz-González
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mariana Reyes
- Department of Genetics, Hospital "Dr. Luis Sánchez Bulnes", Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Graciela A Lopez-Uriarte
- Genetics Department, University Hospital "Dr. José Eleuterio González" and Medical School, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Shabnam Zarei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Elizabeth J Bhoj
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sofia Perez-Solorzano
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rachael A Vaubel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Jessica Nava
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vianney Cortes-Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Hospital "Dr. Luis Sánchez Bulnes", Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Cristina Villanueva-Mendoza
- Department of Genetics, Hospital "Dr. Luis Sánchez Bulnes", Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iris G Tirado-Torres
- Genetics Department, University Hospital "Dr. José Eleuterio González" and Medical School, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric W Klee
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Pavel N Pichurin
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Juan C Zenteno
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana", Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Abstract
Hypoparathyroidism, a disorder characterized by hypocalcemia ensuing from inadequate parathyroid hormone secretion, is a rather rare disorder caused by multiple etiologies. When not caused by inadvertent damage or removal of the parathyroids during neck surgery, it is usually genetically determined. Epidemiological figures of this disease are still scarce and mainly limited to countries where non-anonymous databases are available and to surgical case series. Both the surgical and non-surgical forms pose diagnostic challenges. For surgical hypoparathyroidism, transient forms have to be ruled out even in the long term, in order to avoid unnecessary chronic replacement therapy with calcium and calcitriol. Regarding non-surgical hypoparathyroidism, once referred to as idiopathic, a systematic clinically and genetically-driven approach to define the precise diagnosis have to be pursued. In the case of syndromic hypoparathyroidism, patients have to be screened for associated abnormalities. Autoimmune, non-genetic hypoparathyroidism is still a diagnosis of exclusion, since no specific autoantibodies are specific for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisella Cianferotti
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Bone Metabolic Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Florence, Italy.
| | - Gemma Marcucci
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Bone Metabolic Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Florence, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Bone Metabolic Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Florence, Italy.
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15
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Li D, Gordon CT, Oufadem M, Amiel J, Kanwar HS, Bakay M, Wang T, Hakonarson H, Levine MA. Heterozygous Mutations in TBX1 as a Cause of Isolated Hypoparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:4023-4032. [PMID: 30137364 PMCID: PMC6194809 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Most cases of autosomal dominant isolated hypoparathyroidism are caused by gain-of-function mutations in CASR or GNA11 or dominant negative mutations in GCM2 or PTH. OBJECTIVE To identify the genetic etiology for dominantly transmitted isolated hypoparathyroidism in two multigenerational families with 14 affected family members. METHODS We performed whole exome sequencing of DNA from two families and examined the consequences of mutations by minigene splicing assay. RESULTS We discovered disease-causing mutations in both families. A splice-altering mutation in TBX1 (c.1009+1G>C) leading to skipping of exon 8 (101 bp) was identified in 10 affected family members and five unaffected subjects of family A, indicating reduced penetrance for this point mutation. In a second family from France (family B), we identified another splice-altering mutation (c.1009+2T>C) adjacent to the mutation identified in family A that results in skipping of the same exon; two subjects in family B had isolated hypoparathyroidism, whereas a third subject manifested the clinical triad of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, indicative of variable expressivity. CONCLUSIONS We report evidence that heterozygous TBX1 mutations can cause isolated hypoparathyroidism. This study adds knowledge to the increasingly expanding list of causative and candidate genes in isolated hypoparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher T Gordon
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité Université, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Myriam Oufadem
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité Université, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité Université, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique ‒ Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Harsh S Kanwar
- Center for Bone Health, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marina Bakay
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael A Levine
- Center for Bone Health, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Michael A. Levine, MD, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Building, Room 510A, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104. E-mail:
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16
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Dastorani M, Aghadavod E, Mirhosseini N, Foroozanfard F, Zadeh Modarres S, Amiri Siavashani M, Asemi Z. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic profiles and gene expression of insulin and lipid metabolism in infertile polycystic ovary syndrome candidates for in vitro fertilization. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:94. [PMID: 30286768 PMCID: PMC6172745 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency in women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remarkably decreases the chance of pregnancy, which might be related to its impact on metabolic abnormalities in these patients. It is hypothesized that vitamin D supplementation influences metabolic profile of these patients and indirectly might affect fertility and the outcomes. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), metabolic profiles, and gene expression of insulin and lipid metabolism in infertile women with PCOS who were candidate for in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHODS This study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial conducted among 40 infertile women, aged 18-40 years, diagnosed with PCOS and was candidate for IVF. Participants were randomly assigned into two intervention groups for receiving either 50,000 IU vitamin D or placebo (n = 20 each group) every other week for 8 weeks. Gene expression for insulin and lipid metabolism was conducted using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of women with PCOS, via RT-PCR method. RESULTS Vitamin D supplementation led to a significant reduction in serum AMH (- 0.7 ± 1.2 vs. - 0.1 ± 0.5 ng/mL, P = 0.02), insulin levels (- 1.4 ± 1.6 vs. -0.3 ± 0.9 μIU/mL, P = 0.007), homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (- 0.3 ± 0.3 vs. -0.1 ± 0.2, P = 0.008), and a significant increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+ 0.009 ± 0.01 vs. + 0.001 ± 0.004, P = 0.04), compared with the placebo. Moreover, following vitamin D supplementation there was a significant decrease in serum total- (- 5.1 ± 12.6 vs. + 2.9 ± 10.9 mg/dL, P = 0.03) and LDL-cholesterol levels (- 4.5 ± 10.3 vs. + 2.5 ± 10.6 mg/dL, P = 0.04) compared with the placebo. CONCLUSION Overall, the findings of this trial supported that 50,000 IU vitamin D supplementation every other week for 8 weeks had beneficial effects on insulin metabolism, and lipid profile of infertile women with PCOS who are candidate for IVF. These benefits might not be evident upon having sufficient vitamin D levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was retrospectively registered in the Iranian website ( www.irct.ir ) for clinical trials registration ( http://www.irct.ir : IRCT20170513033941N27).
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Dastorani
- 0000 0004 0612 1049grid.444768.dResearch Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- 0000 0004 0612 1049grid.444768.dResearch Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R Iran
| | - Naghmeh Mirhosseini
- 0000 0001 2154 235Xgrid.25152.31School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Fatemeh Foroozanfard
- 0000 0004 0612 1049grid.444768.dDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R Iran
| | - Shahrzad Zadeh Modarres
- grid.411600.2Laser Application in Medical Science Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnush Amiri Siavashani
- grid.411600.2Taleghani Educational Hospital, IVF Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- 0000 0004 0612 1049grid.444768.dResearch Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R Iran
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17
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MESH Headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/congenital
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy
- Diarrhea/genetics
- Diarrhea/immunology
- Diarrhea/therapy
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/genetics
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/immunology
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/therapy
- Humans
- Immune System Diseases/congenital
- Immune System Diseases/genetics
- Immune System Diseases/immunology
- Immune System Diseases/therapy
- Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune/genetics
- Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune/immunology
- Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Eystein S Husebye
- From the Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen (E.S.H., O.K.), and the Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital (E.S.H.), Bergen, Norway; the Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (E.S.H., O.K.); and the Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.S.A.)
| | - Mark S Anderson
- From the Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen (E.S.H., O.K.), and the Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital (E.S.H.), Bergen, Norway; the Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (E.S.H., O.K.); and the Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.S.A.)
| | - Olle Kämpe
- From the Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen (E.S.H., O.K.), and the Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital (E.S.H.), Bergen, Norway; the Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (E.S.H., O.K.); and the Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.S.A.)
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18
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Proekt I, Miller CN, Lionakis MS, Anderson MS. Insights into immune tolerance from AIRE deficiency. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 49:71-78. [PMID: 29065385 PMCID: PMC5705335 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIRE is a well-established master regulator of central tolerance. It plays an essential role in driving expression of tissue-specific antigens in the thymus and shaping the development of positively selected T-cells. Humans and mice with compromised or absent AIRE function have markedly variable phenotypes that include a range of autoimmune manifestations. Recent evidence suggests that this variability stems from cooperation of autoimmune susceptibilities involving both central and peripheral tolerance checkpoints. Here we discuss the broadening understanding of the factors that influence Aire expression, modify AIRE function, and the impact and intersection of AIRE with peripheral immunity. This rapidly expanding body of knowledge will force a reexamination of the definition and clinical management of APS-1 patients as well as provide a foundation for the development of immunomodulatory strategies targeting central tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Proekt
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Corey N Miller
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Mark S Anderson
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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19
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Li SF, Zhao FR, Shao JJ, Xie YL, Chang HY, Zhang YG. Interferon-omega: Current status in clinical applications. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:253-260. [PMID: 28957693 PMCID: PMC7106160 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since 1985, interferon (IFN)-ω, a type I IFN, has been identified in many animals, but not canines and mice. It has been demonstrated to have antiviral, anti-proliferation, and antitumor activities that are similar to those of IFN-α. To date, IFN-ω has been explored as a treatment option for some diseases or viral infections in humans and other animals. Studies have revealed that human IFN-ω displays antitumor activities in some models of human cancer cells and that it can be used to diagnose some diseases. While recombinant feline IFN-ω has been licensed in several countries for treating canine parvovirus, feline leukemia virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus infections, it also exhibits a certain efficacy when used to treat other viral infections or diseases. This review examines the known biological activity of IFN-ω and its clinical applications. We expect that the information provided in this review will stimulate further studies of IFN-ω as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China
| | - Fu-Rong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China..
| | - Jun-Jun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China
| | - Yin-Li Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China
| | - Hui-Yun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China..
| | - Yong-Guang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China
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20
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Espiard S, Vantyghem MC, Desailloud R. [Not Available]. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2017; 78 Suppl 1:S1-S10. [PMID: 29157484 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4266(17)30920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Parathormone (PTH), produced by parathyroid glands, is the main regulator of calcium homeostasis. Hypoparathyroidism (hypoPT), due to decrease of PTH production, is a rare disease. Symptoms are multiple, altering function of several organs and leading to a decrease of quality of life. Acquired etiologies, including thyroïdectomy, the main cause of hypoPT, can be distinguished from congenital etiologies, including genetic defects. HypoPT, which is classically treated by supplementation by calcium and active vitamin D, can now be treated by recombinant injection in certain indications as a poor control under classical therapy. Here are summarized current knowledge on etiologies, epidemiology, clinical manifestations and management of hypoPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Espiard
- Service d'endocrinologie et métabolisme, hôpital C. Huriez, CHRU de Lille, rue Polonovski, 59037 Lille Cedex, France.
| | - M-C Vantyghem
- Service d'endocrinologie et métabolisme, hôpital C. Huriez, CHRU de Lille, rue Polonovski, 59037 Lille Cedex, France
| | - R Desailloud
- Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie, nutrition, hôpital Nord, CHU-UPJV d'Amiens, Amiens, France
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21
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Abstract
Hypoparathyroidism is a disease characterized by inadequately low circulating concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) resulting in low calcium levels and increased phosphate levels in the blood. Symptoms of the disease result from increased neuromuscular irritability caused by hypocalcaemia and include tingling, muscle cramps and seizures. The most common cause of the disease is inadvertent removal of, or injury to, the parathyroid glands during neck surgery, followed by genetic, idiopathic and autoimmune aetiologies. Conventional treatment includes activated vitamin D and/or calcium supplements, but this treatment does not fully replace the functions of PTH and can lead to short-term problems (such as hypocalcaemia, hypercalcaemia and increased urinary calcium excretion) and long-term complications (which include nephrocalcinosis, kidney stones and brain calcifications). PTH replacement has emerged as a new treatment option. Clinical trials using human PTH(1-34) and PTH(1-84) showed that this treatment was safe and effective in studies lasting up to 6 years. Recombinant human PTH(1-84) has been approved in the United States and Europe for the management of hypoparathyroidism; however, its effect on long-term complications is still being evaluated. Clinical practice guidelines, which describe the consensus of experts in the field, have been published and recognize the need for more research to optimize care. In this Primer, we summarize current knowledge of the prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical presentation and management of hypoparathyroidism.
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Abstract
Numerous metabolic anomalies, which often have no direct pathological relevance when considered individually, are found in all people. In most patients with urinary tract stones, it can be assumed that a specific combination or interaction of these anomalies occurs, thus, resulting in stone formation, but only after individual exogenous risk factors are triggered. Lithogenesis is the result of a cascade of different "events" that are temporally close to one another, but sometimes these events interact strong enough that significant stone growth occurs. Chronic metabolic disorders usually lead to permanently altered urine compositions. The occurrence of physiological urine constituents in nonnormal concentration ratios and/or the nonphysiological excretion of metabolic products can significantly increase the lithogenicity of urine, so that urolithiasis can manifest itself as a clinical symptom. In cases of urolithiasis of unknown origin, a potentially hidden rare metabolic anomaly should always be considered. In addition, if a patient has a known metabolic disease, then this should always be taken into account as a risk factor for stone formation and attempts should be taken to clarify its influence on urine composition. This also applies to the efficacy of a therapy. A distinct link between a metabolic disease and stone formation is generally rare and will likely remain so despite significant advances regarding differential diagnosis and etiopathology. This article focuses on very rare metabolic causes and/or genetic syndromes which may be associated with urolithiasis. Patients receiving symptomatic stone treatment should receive life-long follow-up care from a urologist because reducing the recurrence rate helps to improve the quality of life of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fisang
- Harnsteinzentrum Rhein-Ahr, Marienhausklinikum im Kreis Ahrweiler, Dahlienweg 3, 53474, Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Deutschland.
| | - N Laube
- Harnsteinzentrum Rhein-Ahr, Marienhausklinikum im Kreis Ahrweiler, Dahlienweg 3, 53474, Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Deutschland
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