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Meng M, Cao Y, Qiu J, Shan G, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Guo M, Yu J, Ma Y, Xie C, Hu C, Xu L, Mueller E, Ma X. Zinc finger protein ZNF638 regulates triglyceride metabolism via ANGPTL8 in an estrogen dependent manner. Metabolism 2024; 152:155784. [PMID: 38211696 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Triglyceride (TG) levels are closely related to obesity, fatty liver and cardiovascular diseases, while the regulatory factors and mechanism for triglyceride homeostasis are still largely unknown. Zinc Finger Protein 638 (ZNF638) is a newly discovered member of zinc finger protein family for adipocyte function in vitro. The aim of the present work was to investigate the role of ZNF638 in regulating triglyceride metabolism in mice. METHODS We generated ZNF638 adipose tissue specific knockout mice (ZNF638 FKO) by cross-breeding ZNF638 flox to Adiponectin-Cre mice and achieved adipose tissue ZNF638 overexpression via adenoviral mediated ZNF638 delivery in inguinal adipose tissue (iWAT) to examined the role and mechanisms of ZNF638 in fat biology and whole-body TG homeostasis. RESULTS Although ZNF638 FKO mice showed similar body weights, body composition, glucose metabolism and serum parameters compared to wild-type mice under chow diet, serum TG levels in ZNF638 FKO mice were increased dramatically after refeeding compared to wild-type mice, accompanied with decreased endothelial lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and increased lipid absorption of the small intestine. Conversely, ZNF638 overexpression in iWAT reduced serum TG levels while enhanced LPL activity after refeeding in female C57BL/6J mice and obese ob/ob mice. Specifically, only female mice exhibited altered TG metabolism upon ZNF638 expression changes in fat. Mechanistically, RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that the TG regulator angiopoietin-like protein 8 (Angptl8) was highly expressed in iWAT of female ZNF638 FKO mice. Neutralizing circulating ANGPTL8 in female ZNF638 FKO mice abolished refeeding-induced TG elevation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ZNF638 functions as a transcriptional repressor by recruiting HDAC1 for histone deacetylation and broad lipid metabolic gene suppression, including Angptl8 transcription inhibition. Moreover, we showed that the sexual dimorphism is possibly due to estrogen dependent regulation on ZNF638-ANGPTL8 axis. CONCLUSION We revealed a role of ZNF638 in the regulation of triglyceride metabolism by affecting Angptl8 transcriptional level in adipose tissue with sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyao Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yuxiang Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jin Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guangyu Shan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yingwen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingwei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Yuandi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, China; Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Elisabetta Mueller
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department of Medicine New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinran Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, China.
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RALY regulate the proliferation and expression of immune/inflammatory response genes via alternative splicing of FOS. Genes Immun 2022; 23:246-254. [PMID: 35941292 PMCID: PMC9758052 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-022-00178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RALY is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein involved in cancer metastasis, prognosis, and chemotherapy resistance in various cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of which is still unclear. We have established RALY overexpression cell lines and studied the effect of RALY on proliferation and apoptosis in HeLa cells. Then we used RNA-seq to analyze the transcriptomes data. Lastly, RT-qPCR experiments had performed to confirm the RNA-seq results. We found that the overexpression of RALY in HeLa cells inhibited proliferation. Moreover, the overexpression of RALY changed the gene expression profile, and the significant upregulation of genes involved immune/inflammatory response related biological process by NOD-like receptor signaling pathway cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. The significant downregulation genes involved innate immune response by the Primary immunodeficiency pathway. Notably, IFIT1, IFIT2, IFTI3, IFI44, HERC4, and OASL expression had inhibited by the overexpression of RALY. Furthermore, RALY negatively regulates the expression of transcription factors FOS and FOSB. Notably, we found that 645 alternative splicing events had regulated by overexpression of RALY, which is highly enriched in transcription regulation, RNA splicing, and cell proliferation biological process by the metabolic pathway. We show that RALY regulates the expression of immune/inflammatory response-related genes via alternative splicing of FOS in HeLa cells. The novel role of RALY in regulating immune/inflammatory gene expression may explain its function in regulating chemotherapy resistance and provides novel insights into further exploring the molecular mechanism of RALY in regulating cancer immunity and chemo/immune therapies.
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Verma N, Perie L, Corciulo C, Leucht P, Ramkhelawon B, Cronstein BN, Mueller E. Browning of adipose tissue and increased thermogenesis induced by Methotrexate. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:877-887. [PMID: 34761170 PMCID: PMC8565234 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is widely used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis due to its well-known anti-inflammatory role in immune cells but its impact on brown and beige adipose tissue biology has not yet been investigated. Here, we present the novel evidence that MTX treatment increases the gene expression of thermogenic genes in brown and beige adipose tissues in a fat cell autonomous manner. Furthermore, we show that treatment of mice with MTX is associated with cold resistance, improved glucose homeostasis, decreased inflammation, and reduced hepatosteatosis in high-fat diet states. Overall, our data provide novel evidence of a role of MTX on thermogenic tissues not previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Verma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismDepartment of MedicineNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Luce Perie
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismDepartment of MedicineNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Carmen Corciulo
- Division of Translational MedicineDepartment of MedicineNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Philipp Leucht
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Bhama Ramkhelawon
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Bruce N. Cronstein
- Division of Translational MedicineDepartment of MedicineNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Elisabetta Mueller
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismDepartment of MedicineNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
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The Forkhead Box Transcription Factor FoxP4 Regulates Thermogenic Programs in Adipocytes. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100102. [PMID: 34384787 PMCID: PMC8411233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box transcription factors have been shown to be involved in various developmental and differentiation processes. In particular, members of the FoxP family have been previously characterized in depth for their participation in the regulation of lung and neuronal cell differentiation and T-cell development and function; however, their role in adipocyte functionality has not yet been investigated. Here, we report for the first time that Forkhead box P4 (FoxP4) is expressed at high levels in subcutaneous fat depots and mature thermogenic adipocytes. Through molecular and gene expression analyses, we revealed that FoxP4 is induced in response to thermogenic stimuli, both in vivo and in isolated cells, and is regulated directly by the heat shock factor protein 1 through a heat shock response element identified in the proximal promoter region of FoxP4. Further detailed analysis involving chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays demonstrated that FoxP4 directly controls the levels of uncoupling protein 1, a key regulator of thermogenesis that uncouples fatty acid oxidation from ATP production. In addition, through our gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies, we showed that FoxP4 regulates the expression of a number of classic brown and beige fat genes and affects oxygen consumption in isolated adipocytes. Overall, our data demonstrate for the first time the novel role of FoxP4 in the regulation of thermogenic adipocyte functionality.
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Qiu J, Zhang Z, Wang S, Chen Y, Liu C, Xu S, Wang D, Su J, Ni M, Yu J, Cui X, Ma L, Hu T, Hu Y, Gu X, Ma X, Wang J, Xu L. Transferrin Receptor Functionally Marks Thermogenic Adipocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:572459. [PMID: 33251209 PMCID: PMC7676909 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.572459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thermogenic adipocytes, including beige and brown adipocytes, are critical for thermogenesis and energy homeostasis. Identification of functional cell surface markers of thermogenic adipocytes is of significance for potential application in biological and clinical practices. Methods With a combination of RNA-sequencing of in vivo and in vitro models, we identified transferrin receptor (Tfr1), a receptor specialized for cellular iron uptake, as a previously unappreciated cell surface molecule for thermogenic adipocytes compared to white adipocytes. The alternation of Tfr1 levels under physiological and pathological stimuli was assessed, and the mitochondria functionality, browning capacity, and iron metabolism of mature adipocytes were examined with Tfr1 knockdown. Results Tfr1 was expressed predominantly in thermogenic adipocytes versus white adipocyte, and its expression levels were tightly correlated with the activation or inhibition status of thermogenic adipocytes under external stimuli. Besides, Tfr1 gene deficiency in thermogenic adipocytes led to reduced thermogenic gene programs and mitochondrial integrity. Conclusion Tfr1 functionally marks thermogenic adipocytes and could serve as a potential thermogenic adipocyte surface marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sainan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanru Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caizhi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sainan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlei Su
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengshan Ni
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdi Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhui Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yepeng Hu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuejiang Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinran Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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USP7 mediates pathological hepatic de novo lipogenesis through promoting stabilization and transcription of ZNF638. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:843. [PMID: 33040080 PMCID: PMC7548010 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant de novo lipogenesis (DNL) results in excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and liver steatosis, the causative factors of many liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanism of DNL dysregulation remains largely unknown. Ubiquitination of proteins in hepatocytes has been shown to be widely involved in lipid metabolism of liver. Here, we revealed that Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 7 (USP7), a deubiquitinase (DUB), played key roles in DNL through regulation of zinc finger protein 638 (ZNF638) in hepatocytes. USP7 has been shown not only to interact with and deubiquitylate ZNF638, but also to facilitate the transcription of ZNF638 via the stabilization of cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB). USP7/ZNF638 axis selectively increased the cleavage of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP1C) through AKT/mTORC1/S6K signaling, and formed USP7/ZNF638/SREBP1C nuclear complex to regulate lipogenesis-associated enzymes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACACA), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD). In the mice liver steatosis model induced by fructose, USP7 or ZNF638 abrogation significantly ameliorated disease progression. Furthermore, USP7/ZNF638 axis participated in the progression of lipogenesis-associated HCC. Our results have uncovered a novel mechanism of hepatic DNL, which might be beneficial to the development of new therapeutic targets for hepatic lipogenesis-associated diseases.
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Verma N, Perie L, Mueller E. The mRNA levels of heat shock factor 1 are regulated by thermogenic signals via the cAMP-dependent transcription factor ATF3. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5984-5994. [PMID: 32184357 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) regulates cellular adaptation to challenges such as heat shock and oxidative and proteotoxic stresses. We have recently reported a previously unappreciated role for HSF1 in the regulation of energy metabolism in fat tissues; however, whether HSF1 is differentially expressed in adipose depots and how its levels are regulated in fat tissues remain unclear. Here, we show that HSF1 levels are higher in brown and subcutaneous fat tissues than in those in the visceral depot and that HSF1 is more abundant in differentiated, thermogenic adipocytes. Gene expression experiments indicated that HSF1 is transcriptionally regulated in fat by agents that modulate cAMP levels, by cold exposure, and by pharmacological stimulation of β-adrenergic signaling. An in silico promoter analysis helped identify a putative response element for activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) at -258 to -250 base pairs from the HSF1 transcriptional start site, and electrophoretic mobility shift and ChIP assays confirmed ATF3 binding to this sequence. Furthermore, functional assays disclosed that ATF3 is necessary and sufficient for HSF1 regulation. Detailed gene expression analysis revealed that ATF3 is one of the most highly induced ATFs in thermogenic tissues of mice exposed to cold temperatures or treated with the β-adrenergic receptor agonist CL316,243 and that its expression is induced by modulators of cAMP levels in isolated adipocytes. To the best of our knowledge, our results show for the first time that HSF1 is transcriptionally controlled by ATF3 in response to classic stimuli that promote heat generation in thermogenic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Verma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Luce Perie
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Elisabetta Mueller
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10016.
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Wang Y, Hua S, Cui X, Cao Y, Wen J, Chi X, Ji C, Pang L, You L. The Effect of FOXC2-AS1 on White Adipocyte Browning and the Possible Regulatory Mechanism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:565483. [PMID: 33193083 PMCID: PMC7658007 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.565483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and obesity-related problems are becoming more severe in public health. Increasing brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass or/and activity in mice and humans has been demonstrated to help lose weight and improve whole-body metabolism. Studies on the conversion of white adipose tissue (WAT) to BAT under certain conditions have provided new possibilities for treating obesity and the related disorders. It has been established that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of mouse adipocyte differentiation and thermogenic programs; however, the function and potential mechanism of lncRNA in the process of human white adipocyte browning remains unclear. In the present study, we identified a lncRNA called Forkhead Box C2 antisense RNA 1 (FOXC2-AS1), which was first identified in osteosarcoma, and it was highly expressed in human adipocytes but decreased during the white adipocyte differentiation program. FOXC2-AS1 expression was also induced by the thermogenic agent forskolin. Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of FOXC2-AS1 in human white adipocytes did not affect lipid drop accumulation, but significantly promoted the browning phenotype, as revealed by the increased respiratory capacity and the enhanced protein expression levels of brown adipocyte-specific markers. In contrast, inhibiting FOXC2-AS1 with small interfering RNA led to attenuated thermogenic capacity in human white adipocytes. RNA-sequencing analysis and western blot were used to identify a possible regulatory role of the autophagy signaling pathway in FOXC2-AS1 to mediate white-to-brown adipocyte conversion. The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine restored the reduced UCP1 protein level and thermogenic capacity caused by inhibiting FOXC2-AS1. Overall, the present study characterized the potential role of FOXC2-AS1 and further identified a lncRNA-mediated mechanism for inducing browning of human white adipocytes and maintaining thermogenesis, further providing a potential strategy for treating obesity and related disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyu Hua
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Department of Child Health Care, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianwei Cui
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Department of Child Health Care, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Chi
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Department of Child Health Care, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Department of Child Health Care, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - LingXia Pang
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Department of Child Health Care, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Lianghui You, ; LingXia Pang,
| | - Lianghui You
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Department of Child Health Care, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Lianghui You, ; LingXia Pang,
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