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Toews JNC, Philippe TJ, Dordevic M, Hill LA, Hammond GL, Viau V. Corticosteroid-Binding Globulin (SERPINA6) Consolidates Sexual Dimorphism of Adult Rat Liver. Endocrinology 2023; 165:bqad179. [PMID: 38015819 PMCID: PMC10699879 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Produced by the liver, corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) regulates the plasma distribution and actions of glucocorticoids. A sex difference in pituitary growth hormone secretion patterns established during puberty in rats results in increased hepatic CBG production and 2-fold higher plasma corticosterone levels in females. Glucocorticoids control hepatic development and metabolic activities, and we have therefore examined how disrupting the SerpinA6 gene encoding CBG influences plasma corticosterone dynamics, as well as liver gene expression in male and female rats before and after puberty. Comparisons of corticosterone plasma clearance and hepatic uptake in adult rats, with or without CBG, indicated that CBG limits corticosterone clearance by reducing its hepatic uptake. Hepatic transcriptomic profiling revealed minor sex differences (207 differentially expressed genes) and minimal effect of CBG deficiency in 30-day-old rats before puberty. While liver transcriptomes in 60-day-old males lacking CBG remained essentially unchanged, 2710 genes were differentially expressed in wild-type female vs male livers at this age. Importantly, ∼10% of these genes lost their sexually dimorphic expression in adult females lacking CBG, including those related to cholesterol biosynthesis, inflammation, and lipid and amino acid catabolism. Another 203 genes were altered by the loss of CBG specifically in adult females, including those related to xenobiotic metabolism, circadian rhythm, and gluconeogenesis. Our findings reveal that CBG consolidates the sexual dimorphism of the rat liver initiated by sex differences in growth hormone secretion patterns and provide insight into how CBG deficiencies are linked to glucocorticoid-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N C Toews
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Tristan J Philippe
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Matthew Dordevic
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lesley A Hill
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Geoffrey L Hammond
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Victor Viau
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Larson S, Arrazola A, Parra R, Morrissey K, Faulkner T, Jafarikia M, Mandell I, Bergeron R, Lu R. Genetic variation in LUMAN/CREB3 and association with stress and meat quality traits in Yorkshire pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
LUMAN/CREB3 is a stress regulatory gene that affects the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in mice and presents a promising avenue for exploring variable stress-responsiveness in pigs. Pigs with similar characteristics to LUMAN-deficient mice, including greater resilience to stress and receptivity to human handling, would be valuable in the pork industry from animal welfare and production efficiency perspectives. We previously identified eight genetic variations and five haplotypes throughout the LUMAN locus in Yorkshire pigs. In this study, we analysed associations between LUMAN variations with behavioural stress response during three tests (open field test, novel object test, and human approach test), physiological stress responsiveness (cortisol), and carcass/meat quality measurements from purebred Yorkshire pigs. Haplotypes A1 and A2 were associated with decreased activity levels in novel environments and greater plasma cortisol concentrations at slaughter. Haplotype A1 was associated with lower carcass scratch scores and meat with lower cooking losses and greater tenderness. Haplotypes B1 and B2 were associated with the opposite traits including increased activity levels in novel environments and characteristics for lower meat quality including greater cooking losses, lower marbling, and paler coloured meat. We conclude that DNA variations in the LUMAN locus could potentially be used as genetic markers for stress resistance and meat quality in pig breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayla Larson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Aitor Arrazola
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rebecca Parra
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Krysta Morrissey
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Tess Faulkner
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mohsen Jafarikia
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement Inc., Central Experimental Farm, Building #75, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Ira Mandell
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Renée Bergeron
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ray Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Circulating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormones and insulin concentrations in horses and ponies. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 111:103810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Uemoto Y, Ichinoseki K, Matsumoto T, Oka N, Takamori H, Kadowaki H, Kojima-Shibata C, Suzuki E, Okamura T, Aso H, Kitazawa H, Satoh M, Uenishi H, Suzuki K. Genome-wide association studies for production, respiratory disease, and immune-related traits in Landrace pigs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15823. [PMID: 34349215 PMCID: PMC8338966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) related to a chronic respiratory disease such as Mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) and immune-related traits is important for the genetic improvement of disease resistance in pigs. The objective of this study was to detect a novel QTL for a total of 22 production, respiratory disease, and immune-related traits in Landrace pigs. A total of 874 Landrace purebred pigs, which were selected based on MPS resistance, were genotyped using the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip. We performed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based and haplotype-based genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to detect a novel QTL and to evaluate the possibility of a pleiotropic QTL for these traits. SNP-based GWAS detected a total of six significant regions in backfat thickness, ratio of granular leucocytes to lymphatic cells, plasma concentration of cortisol at different ages, and complement alternative pathway activity in serum. The significant region detected by haplotype-based GWAS was overlapped across the region detected by SNP-based GWAS. Most of these detected QTL regions were novel regions with some candidate genes located in them. With regard to a pleiotropic QTL among traits, only three of these detected QTL regions overlapped among traits, and many detected regions independently affected the traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Uemoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Kasumi Ichinoseki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Toshimi Matsumoto
- Animal Bioregulation Unit, Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Nozomi Oka
- Miyagi Prefecture Animal Industry Experiment Station, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6445, Japan
| | - Hironori Takamori
- Miyagi Prefecture Animal Industry Experiment Station, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6445, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kadowaki
- Miyagi Prefecture Animal Industry Experiment Station, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6445, Japan
| | | | - Eisaku Suzuki
- Miyagi Prefecture Animal Industry Experiment Station, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6445, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Okamura
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0901, Japan
| | - Hisashi Aso
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Masahiro Satoh
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Hirohide Uenishi
- Animal Bioregulation Unit, Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Keiichi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
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Genetic parameters and associated genomic regions for global immunocompetence and other health-related traits in pigs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18462. [PMID: 33116177 PMCID: PMC7595139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of health-related traits, or functionally associated genetic markers, in pig breeding programs could contribute to produce more robust and disease resistant animals. The aim of the present work was to study the genetic determinism and genomic regions associated to global immunocompetence and health in a Duroc pig population. For this purpose, a set of 30 health-related traits covering immune (mainly innate), haematological, and stress parameters were measured in 432 healthy Duroc piglets aged 8 weeks. Moderate to high heritabilities were obtained for most traits and significant genetic correlations among them were observed. A genome wide association study pointed out 31 significantly associated SNPs at whole-genome level, located in six chromosomal regions on pig chromosomes SSC4, SSC6, SSC17 and SSCX, for IgG, γδ T-cells, C-reactive protein, lymphocytes phagocytic capacity, total number of lymphocytes, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin. A total of 16 promising functionally-related candidate genes, including CRP, NFATC2, PRDX1, SLA, ST3GAL1, and VPS4A, have been proposed to explain the variation of immune and haematological traits. Our results enhance the knowledge of the genetic control of traits related with immunity and support the possibility of applying effective selection programs to improve immunocompetence in pigs.
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Omics Application in Animal Science-A Special Emphasis on Stress Response and Damaging Behaviour in Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080920. [PMID: 32796712 PMCID: PMC7464449 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing stress resilience of livestock is important for ethical and profitable meat and dairy production. Susceptibility to stress can entail damaging behaviours, a common problem in pig production. Breeding animals with increased stress resilience is difficult for various reasons. First, studies on neuroendocrine and behavioural stress responses in farm animals are scarce, as it is difficult to record adequate phenotypes under field conditions. Second, damaging behaviours and stress susceptibility are complex traits, and their biology is not yet well understood. Dissecting complex traits into biologically better defined, heritable and easily measurable proxy traits and developing biomarkers will facilitate recording these traits in large numbers. High-throughput molecular technologies (“omics”) study the entirety of molecules and their interactions in a single analysis step. They can help to decipher the contributions of different physiological systems and identify candidate molecules that are representative of different physiological pathways. Here, we provide a general overview of different omics approaches and we give examples of how these techniques could be applied to discover biomarkers. We discuss the genetic dissection of the stress response by different omics techniques and we provide examples and outline potential applications of omics tools to understand and prevent outbreaks of damaging behaviours.
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Facchi JC, Lima TALD, Oliveira LRD, Costermani HDO, Miranda GDS, de Oliveira JC. Perinatal programming of metabolic diseases: The role of glucocorticoids. Metabolism 2020; 104:154047. [PMID: 31837301 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.154047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide increase in metabolic diseases has urged the scientific community to improve our understanding about the mechanisms underlying its cause and effects. A well supported area of studies had related maternal stress with early programming to the later metabolic diseases. Mechanisms upon origins of metabolic disturbances are not yet fully understood, even though stressful factors rising glucocorticoids have been put out as pivotal trigger by programming metabolic diseases as long-term consequence. Considering energy balance and glucose homeostasis, by producing and/or sensing regulator signals, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and endocrine pancreas are directly affected by glucocorticoids excess. We focus on the evidences reporting the role of increased glucocorticoids due to perinatal insults on the physiological systems involved in the metabolic homeostasis and in the target organs such as endocrine pancreas, white adipose tissue and blood vessels. Besides, we review some mechanisms underlining the malprogramming of type 2 diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Studies on this field are currently ongoing and even there is a good understanding regarding the effects of glucocorticoids addressing metabolic diseases, few is known about the relationship between maternal insults rising glucocorticoids to pups' metabolic disturbances, a thorough understanding about that may provide pivotal clinical clues regarding those disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Cristina Facchi
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD concept, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center, NUPADS, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Thalyne Aparecida Leite de Lima
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD concept, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center, NUPADS, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ryba de Oliveira
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD concept, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center, NUPADS, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Hercules de Oliveira Costermani
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD concept, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center, NUPADS, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Ginislene Dias Souza Miranda
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD concept, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center, NUPADS, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD concept, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center, NUPADS, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil.
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Krause-Parello CA, Friedmann E, Wilson C, Hatzfeld JJ, Kolassa J, Hackney A, Morales KA. Relation of post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity to the efficacy of an animal-assisted intervention for stress reduction after military aeromedical evacuation. Stress Health 2019; 35:480-490. [PMID: 31274219 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) have been found to decrease stress in some settings, but it is not known if AAI is feasible in an aeromedical staging facility or effective in reducing stress following aeromedical evacuation (AE) of military personnel. An experimental design was used to evaluate the efficacy of AAI at reducing stress in AE military patients (N = 120). Patients participated in a 20-min AAI (n = 60) or 20-min informational session about assistance dogs as an attention-control group (n = 60). Demographics, post-traumatic stress symptom severity (PTSSS), and stress biomarkers (cortisol, alpha-amylase, and immunoglobulin A) were collected regular intervals. AAI was found feasible and efficacious at reducing stress. Cortisol decreased significantly (p < .05) in the AAI group compared with the attention-control group. PTSSS moderated the immunoglobulin A responses to AAI as demonstrated by the interaction of PTSD Checklist-Military Version score, group, and time, F(1, 111.23) = 4.15 p = .044; effect size: d = 0.31. This research supports AAI as a stress-reducing modality in AE patients, particularly those who report higher PTSSS. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Krause-Parello
- Florida Atlantic University, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Canines Providing Assistance to Wounded Warriors (C-P.A.W.W.), Boca Raton, Florida, United States
| | - Erika Friedmann
- Office of Research and Scholarship, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Candy Wilson
- Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Jennifer J Hatzfeld
- TriService Nursing Research Program, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - John Kolassa
- Department of Statistics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
| | - Alisha Hackney
- Office of Research and Scholarship, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Kristie A Morales
- School of Professional Psychology, Spalding University, Louisville, Kentucky, United States.,Canines Providing Assistance to Wounded Warriors (C-P.A.W.W.), United States
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Trends in Analysis of Cortisol and Its Derivatives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:649-664. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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de Medeiros GF, Lafenêtre P, Janthakhin Y, Cerpa JC, Zhang CL, Mehta MM, Mortessagne P, Helbling JC, Ferreira G, Moisan MP. Corticosteroid-Binding Globulin Deficiency Specifically Impairs Contextual and Recognition Memory Consolidation in Male Mice. Neuroendocrinology 2019; 109:322-332. [PMID: 30904918 DOI: 10.1159/000499827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Glucocorticoids are essential in modulating memory processes of emotionally arousing experiences and we have shown that corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) influences glucocorticoid delivery to the brain. Here, we investigated the role of CBG in contextual and recognition long-term memory according to stress intensity. METHOD We used adult male mice totally deficient in CBG (Cbg KO) or brain-specific Cbg KO (CbgCamk KO) to examine their performance in contextual fear conditioning (CFC) and au-ditory fear conditioning, both at short (1 h) and long-term (24 h). Long-term memory in Cbg KO was further analyzed in conditioned odor aversion and in novel object recognition task (NORT) with different paradigms, that is, with and without prior habituation to the context, with a mild or strong stressor applied during consolidation. In the NORT experiments, total and free glucocorticoid levels were measured during consolidation. RESULTS Impaired memory was observed in the Cbg KO but not in the CbgCamk KO in the CFC and the NORT without habituation when tested 24 h later. However, Cbg KO displayed normal behavior in the NORT with previous habituation and in the NORT with a mild stressor. In condition of the NORT with a strong stressor, Cbg KO retained good 24 h memory performance while controls were impaired. Total and free glucocorticoids levels were always higher in controls than in Cbg KO except in NORT with mild stressor where free glucocorticoids were equivalent to controls. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that circulating but not brain CBG influences contextual and recognition long-term memory in relation with glucocorticoid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela F de Medeiros
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pauline Lafenêtre
- University of Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux INP, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yoottana Janthakhin
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Juan-Carlos Cerpa
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Chun-Lei Zhang
- CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marishka M Mehta
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Mortessagne
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Helbling
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Moisan
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France,
- University of Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France,
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Özkorumak Karagüzel E, Kural BV, Tiryaki A, Keleş Altun İ, Özer SY, Civil Arslan F. Blood levels of agouti-related peptide (AgRP), obestatin, corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), and cortisol in patients with bipolar disorder (BD): a case–control study. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1487649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Birgül Vanizor Kural
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tiryaki
- Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul Aydın University, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Serap Yaman Özer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Filiz Civil Arslan
- Department of Psychiatry, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
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Lipiński PFJ, Szurmak P. SCRAMBLE'N'GAMBLE: a tool for fast and facile generation of random data for statistical evaluation of QSAR models. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017; 71:2217-2232. [PMID: 29104352 PMCID: PMC5655615 DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A common practice in modern QSAR modelling is to derive models by variable selection methods working on large descriptor pools. As pointed out previously, this is intrinsically burdened with the risk of finding random correlations. Therefore it is desirable to perform tests showing the performance of models built on random data. In this contribution, we introduce a simple and freely available software tool SCRAMBLE’N’GAMBLE that is aimed at facilitating data preparation for y-randomization and pseudo-descriptors tests. Then, four close-to-real-world modelling situations are analysed. The tests indicate what the quality of obtained QSAR models is like in comparison to chance models derived from random data. The non-randomness is not the only requirement for a good QSAR model, however, it is a good practice to consider it together with internal statistical parameters and possible physical interpretations of a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr F J Lipiński
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Human Serum Albumin Structure in Presence of Different Concentrations of Cortisol and Glucose: An In Vitro Modeling Under Normal and Hyperglycemic Conditions. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.40306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Vashchenko G, Das S, Moon KM, Rogalski JC, Taves MD, Soma KK, Van Petegem F, Foster LJ, Hammond GL. Identification of Avian Corticosteroid-binding Globulin (SerpinA6) Reveals the Molecular Basis of Evolutionary Adaptations in SerpinA6 Structure and Function as a Steroid-binding Protein. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11300-12. [PMID: 27026706 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.714378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) was isolated from chicken serum and identified by mass spectrometry and genomic analysis. This revealed that the organization and synteny of avian and mammalian SerpinA6 genes are conserved. Recombinant zebra finch CBG steroid-binding properties reflect those of the natural protein in plasma and confirm its identity. Zebra finch and rat CBG crystal structures in complex with cortisol resemble each other, but their primary structures share only ∼40% identity, and their steroid-binding site topographies differ in several unexpected ways. Remarkably, a tryptophan that anchors ligands in mammalian CBG steroid-binding sites is replaced by an asparagine. Phylogenetic comparisons show that reptilian CBG orthologs share this unexpected property. Glycosylation of this asparagine in zebra finch CBG does not influence its steroid-binding affinity, but we present evidence that it may participate in protein folding and steroid-binding site formation. Substitutions of amino acids within zebra finch CBG that are conserved only in birds reveal how they contribute to their distinct steroid-binding properties, including their high (nanomolar) affinities for glucocorticoids, progesterone, and androgens. As in mammals, a protease secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa cleaves CBG in zebra finch plasma within its reactive center loop and disrupts steroid binding, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved property of CBGs. Measurements of CBG mRNA in zebra finch tissues indicate that liver is the main site of plasma CBG production, and anti-zebra finch CBG antibodies cross-react with CBGs in other birds, extending opportunities to study how CBG regulates the actions of glucocorticoids and sex steroids in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samir Das
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | | | | | - Matthew D Taves
- Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kiran K Soma
- Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Kwon SG, Hwang JH, Park DH, Kim TW, Kang DG, Kang KH, Kim IS, Ha J, Kim CW. Effects of a non-synonymous CBG gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on meat-quality traits in Berkshire pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2015-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) is a plasma transport protein that has glucocorticoid-binding activity. In the present study, we identified CBG gene expression in several tissues of four pig breeds: Berkshire, Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire. Expression of CBG mRNA was detected in the liver of all four breeds, and was the highest in Berkshire pigs. We also found single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CBG gene from Berkshire pigs, including SNP c.919G>A, which corresponds to 307G>R. We analyzed the relationships between this CBG variant and various meat-quality traits. The SNP was significantly associated with backfat thickness, post-mortem pH24h, meat color [CIE a* (redness), CIE b* (yellowness)], water-holding capacity, fat content, moisture content, protein content, cooking loss, and shear force. However, the effects differed by gender: the values were significantly associated with almost all traits in gilts, whereas only cooking loss and shear force were shown significantly in barrows. The variant G allele was associated with decreases in backfat thickness, post-mortem pH24h, CIE a*, fat content, and cooking loss, but with increases in CIE b*, water-holding capacity, moisture content, protein content, and shear force. Because the general correlation between meat-quality traits were not validated in the present study, we suggest that certain SNP might be used in the restrictive application to distinguish meat-quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Gi Kwon
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, South Korea
| | - Jung Hye Hwang
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, South Korea
| | - Da Hye Park
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, South Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, South Korea
| | - Deok Gyeong Kang
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Kang
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, South Korea
| | - Il-Suk Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Gyeongnam 660-758, South Korea
| | - Jeongim Ha
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, South Korea
| | - Chul Wook Kim
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, South Korea
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16
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Hart KA, Wochele DM, Norton NA, McFarlane D, Wooldridge AA, Frank N. Effect of Age, Season, Body Condition, and Endocrine Status on Serum Free Cortisol Fraction and Insulin Concentration in Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:653-63. [PMID: 26860336 PMCID: PMC4913614 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased free cortisol fraction is associated with insulin dysregulation (ID) in people with Metabolic Syndrome and Cushing's Disease. Free cortisol has not been investigated in equine endocrine disorders. HYPOTHESES (1) In healthy horses, sex, age, body condition score (BCS), and season impact free cortisol; (2) free cortisol is increased in horses with Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID) or Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS). ANIMALS Fifty-seven healthy horses; 40 horses and ponies with PPID (n = 20) or EMS (n = 20). METHODS Prospective study. Serum collected seasonally from healthy animals and archived serum from PPID and EMS animals was analyzed for insulin, total and free cortisol concentrations, and free cortisol fraction (FCF). Linear mixed models were used to determine effects of age, sex, season, and BCS on hormones in controls. Hormone measurements were compared between disease groups and age- and season-matched controls with t-tests. EMS and hyperinsulinemic PPID animals were combined in an ID (hyperinsulinemia) group. RESULTS Free cortisol concentrations were increased in overweight/obese controls (0.3 ± 0.1 μg/dL) compared to lean controls (0.2 ± 0.1 μg/dL; P = .017). Mean FCF was significantly higher in animals with PPID (8.8 ± 5.8 μg/dL, P = .005) or ID (8.8 ± 10.2 μg/dL, P = .039) than controls (5.0 ± 0.9 μg/dL), but total cortisol concentrations were similar (P ≥ .350) (PPID: 4.2 ± 4.3 μg/dL; ID: 5.0 ± 4.5 μg/dL; controls: 4.6 ± 1.7 and 5.1 ± 2.1 μg/dL). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Increased FCF is associated with obesity in healthy horses and with ID (hyperinsulinemia) in horses and ponies with endocrine disease. Decreased plasma cortisol-binding capacity could be a component of these endocrine disorders in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Hart
- University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA
| | - D M Wochele
- University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA
| | - N A Norton
- University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA
| | - D McFarlane
- Oklahoma State College of Veterinary Medicine, Stillwater, OK
| | - A A Wooldridge
- Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL
| | - N Frank
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
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17
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Moisan MP, Castanon N. Emerging Role of Corticosteroid-Binding Globulin in Glucocorticoid-Driven Metabolic Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:160. [PMID: 28066325 PMCID: PMC5165022 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid hormones (GCs) are critical for survival since they ensure the energy supply necessary to the body in an ever challenging environment. GCs are known to act on appetite, glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and storage. However, to be beneficial to the body, GC levels should be maintained in an optimal window of concentrations. Not surprisingly, conditions of GC excess or deficiency, e.g., Cushing's syndrome or Addison's disease, are associated with severe alterations of energy metabolism. Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), through its high specific affinity for GCs, plays a critical role in regulating plasma GC levels and their access to target cells. Genetic studies in various species including humans have revealed that CBG is the major factor influencing interindividual genetic variability of plasma GC levels, both in basal and stress conditions. Some, but not all, of these genetic studies have also provided data linking CBG levels to body composition and insulin levels. The examination of CBG-deficient mice submitted to hyperlipidic diets unveiled specific roles for CBG in lipid storage and metabolism. An influence of CBG on appetite has not been reported but remains to be more finely analyzed. Finally, only male mice have been examined under high-fat diet, while obesity is affecting women even more than men. Overall, a role of CBG in GC-driven metabolic disorders is emerging in recent studies. Although subtle, the influence of CBG in these diseases could open the way to new therapeutic interventions since CBG is easily accessible in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Moisan
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology (NutrINeurO), UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology (NutrINeurO), UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- *Correspondence: Marie-Pierre Moisan,
| | - Nathalie Castanon
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology (NutrINeurO), UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology (NutrINeurO), UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
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18
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Liu S, Vallejo RL, Gao G, Palti Y, Weber GM, Hernandez A, Rexroad CE. Identification of single-nucleotide polymorphism markers associated with cortisol response to crowding in rainbow trout. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 17:328-337. [PMID: 25652693 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding stress responses is essential for improving animal welfare and increasing agriculture production efficiency. Previously, we reported microsatellite markers associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting plasma cortisol response to crowding in rainbow trout. In this study, our main objectives were to identify single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with cortisol response to crowding in rainbow trout using both GWAS (genome-wide association studies) and QTL mapping methods and to employ rapidly expanding genomic resources for rainbow trout toward the identification of candidate genes affecting this trait. A three-generation F2 mapping family (2008052) was genotyped using RAD-seq (restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing) to identify 4874 informative SNPs. GWAS identified 26 SNPs associated with cortisol response to crowding whereas QTL mapping revealed two significant QTL on chromosomes Omy8 and Omy12, respectively. Positional candidate genes were identified using marker sequences to search the draft genome assembly of rainbow trout. One of the genes in the QTL interval on Omy12 is a putative serine/threonine protein kinase gene that was differentially expressed in the liver in response to handling and confinement stress in our previous study. A homologue of this gene was differentially expressed in zebrafish embryos exposed to diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and an environmental toxicant. NSAIDs have been shown to affect the cortisol response in rainbow trout; therefore, this gene is a good candidate based on its physical position and expression. However, the reference genome resources currently available for rainbow trout require continued improvement as demonstrated by the unmapped SNPs and the putative assembly errors detected in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixin Liu
- USDA/ARS National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA,
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19
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Görres A, Ponsuksili S, Wimmers K, Muráni E. Analysis of non-synonymous SNPs of the porcine SERPINA6 gene as potential causal variants for a QTL affecting plasma cortisol levels on SSC7. Anim Genet 2015; 46:239-46. [PMID: 25754835 DOI: 10.1111/age.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the SERPINA6 gene encoding corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) has been proposed as a candidate gene for a quantitative trait locus (QTL) affecting cortisol level on pig chromosome 7. The QTL was repeatedly detected in different lines, including a Piétrain × (German Landrace × German Large White) cross (PiF1) and purebred German Landrace (LR). In this study, we investigated whether the known non-synonymous polymorphisms c.44G>T, c.622C>T, c.770C>T, c.793G>A, c.832G>A and c.919G>A of SERPINA6 are sufficient to explain the QTL in these two populations. Our investigations revealed that SNPs c.44G>T, c.622C>T, c.793G>A and c.919G>A are associated with cortisol level in PiF1 (P < 0.01). Haplotype analysis showed that these associations are largely attributable to differences between a major haplotype carrying SNPs c.793G>A and c.919G>A and a haplotype carrying SNPs c.44G>T and c.622C>T. Furthermore, some SNPs, particularly c.44G>T and c.622C>T and the carrier haplotype, showed association with meat quality traits including pH and conductivity (P < 0.05). In LR, the non-synonymous SNPs segregate at very low frequency (<5%) and/or show only weak association with cortisol level (SNPs c.832G>A and c.919G>A; P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the non-synonymous SNPs are not sufficient to explain the QTL across different breeds. Therefore, we examined whether the expression of SERPINA6 is affected by cis-regulatory polymorphisms in liver, the major organ for CBG production. We found allelic expression imbalance of SERPINA6, which suggests that its expression is indeed affected by genetic variation in cis-acting elements. This represents candidate causal variation for future studies of the molecular background of the QTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Görres
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
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20
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The cortisol response to ACTH in pigs, heritability and influence of corticosteroid-binding globulin. Animal 2015; 9:1929-34. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115001767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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21
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Krause-Parello CA, Gulick EE. Forensic Interviews for Child Sexual Abuse Allegations: An Investigation into the Effects of Animal-Assisted Intervention on Stress Biomarkers. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2015; 24:873-886. [PMID: 26701279 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2015.1088916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of therapy animals during forensic interviews for child sexual abuse allegations is a recommendation by the Therapy Animals Supporting Kids Program to help ease children's discomfort during the forensic interview process. Based on this recommendation, this study incorporated a certified therapy canine into the forensic interview process for child sexual abuse allegations. This study investigated changes in salivary cortisol, immunoglobulin A, blood pressure, and heart rate as a result of forensic interview phenomenon (e.g., outcry) incorporating animal-assisted intervention versus a control condition in children (N = 42) interviewed for alleged child sexual abuse. The results supported significantly greater heart rate values for the control group (n = 23) who experienced sexual contact and/or indecency than the experience of aggravated sexual assault compared to no difference in HR for the intervention group (n = 19). The results suggest that the presence of the canine in the forensic interview may have acted as a buffer or safeguard for the children when disclosing details of sexual abuse. In the intervention group, children's HR was lower at the start of the forensic interview compared to the control group. Finding an effect of having a certified handler-canine team available during the forensic interview on physiological measures of stress has real-world value for children, child welfare personnel, and clinical therapists. It is suggested that animal-assisted intervention be expanded to children facing other types of trauma and to treatment programs for child survivors of sexual abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Krause-Parello
- a College of Nursing , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado , USA
| | - Elsie E Gulick
- b School of Nursing, Rutgers , the State University of New Jersey , Newark , New Jersey , USA
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22
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Verhoog N, Allie-Reid F, Vanden Berghe W, Smith C, Haegeman G, Hapgood J, Louw A. Inhibition of corticosteroid-binding globulin gene expression by glucocorticoids involves C/EBPβ. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110702. [PMID: 25335188 PMCID: PMC4205011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), a negative acute phase protein produced primarily in the liver, is responsible for the transport of glucocorticoids (GCs). It also modulates the bioavailability of GCs, as only free or unbound steroids are biologically active. Fluctuations in CBG levels therefore can directly affect GC bioavailability. This study investigates the molecular mechanism whereby GCs inhibit the expression of CBG. GCs regulate gene expression via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which either directly binds to DNA or acts indirectly via tethering to other DNA-bound transcription factors. Although no GC-response elements (GRE) are present in the Cbg promoter, putative binding sites for C/EBPβ, able to tether to the GR, as well as HNF3α involved in GR signaling, are present. C/EBPβ, but not HNF3α, was identified as an important mediator of DEX-mediated inhibition of Cbg promoter activity by using specific deletion and mutant promoter reporter constructs of Cbg. Furthermore, knockdown of C/EBPβ protein expression reduced DEX-induced repression of CBG mRNA, confirming C/EBPβ’s involvement in GC-mediated CBG repression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) after DEX treatment indicated increased co-recruitment of C/EBPβ and GR to the Cbg promoter, while C/EBPβ knockdown prevented GR recruitment. Together, the results suggest that DEX repression of CBG involves tethering of the GR to C/EBPβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Verhoog
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Fatima Allie-Reid
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- PPES, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- LEGEST, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carine Smith
- Dept of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Western Cape, South Africa
| | | | - Janet Hapgood
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Ann Louw
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Western Cape, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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23
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Xing K, Zhu F, Zhai L, Liu H, Wang Z, Hou Z, Wang C. The liver transcriptome of two full-sibling Songliao black pigs with extreme differences in backfat thickness. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2014; 5:32. [PMID: 25053997 PMCID: PMC4106230 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-5-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatness traits in animals are important for their growth, meat quality, reproductive performance, and immunity. The liver is the principal organ of the regulation of lipid metabolism, and this study used massive parallelized high-throughput sequencing technologies to determine the porcine liver tissue transcriptome architecture of two full-sibling Songliao black pigs harboring extremely different phenotypes of backfat thickness. Results The total number of reads produced for each sample was in the region of 53 million, and 8,226 novel transcripts were detected. Approximately 92 genes were differentially regulated in the liver tissue, while 31 spliced transcripts and 33 primary transcripts showed significantly differential expression between pigs with higher and lower backfat thickness. Genes that were differentially expressed were involved in the metabolism of various substances, small molecule biochemistry, and molecular transport. Conclusions Genes involved in the regulation of lipids could play an important role in lipid and fatty acid metabolism in the liver. These results could help us understand how liver metabolism affects the backfat thickness of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xing
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Zhai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Huijie Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Tianjin Ninghe Primary Pig Breeding Farm, Ninghe 301500, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuocheng Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Chuduan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
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24
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Modulation in Wistar rats of blood corticosterone compartmentation by sex and a cafeteria diet. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57342. [PMID: 23451210 PMCID: PMC3579843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the metabolic syndrome, glucocorticoid activity is increased, but circulating levels show little change. Most of blood glucocorticoids are bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), which liver expression and circulating levels are higher in females than in males. Since blood hormones are also bound to blood cells, and the size of this compartment is considerable for androgens and estrogens, we analyzed whether sex or eating a cafeteria diet altered the compartmentation of corticosterone in rat blood. The main corticosterone compartment in rat blood is that specifically bound to plasma proteins, with smaller compartments bound to blood cells or free. Cafeteria diet increased the expression of liver CBG gene, binding plasma capacity and the proportion of blood cell-bound corticosterone. There were marked sex differences in blood corticosterone compartmentation in rats, which were unrelated to testosterone. The use of a monoclonal antibody ELISA and a polyclonal Western blot for plasma CBG compared with both specific plasma binding of corticosterone and CBG gene expression suggested the existence of different forms of CBG, with varying affinities for corticosterone in males and females, since ELISA data showed higher plasma CBG for males, but binding and Western blot analyses (plus liver gene expression) and higher physiological effectiveness for females. Good cross- reactivity to the antigen for polyclonal CBG antibody suggests that in all cases we were measuring CBG.The different immunoreactivity and binding affinity may help explain the marked sex-related differences in plasma hormone binding as sex-linked different proportions of CBG forms.
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25
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Health and immune traits of Basque and Large White pigs housed in a conventional or enriched environment. Animal 2013; 6:1290-9. [PMID: 23217232 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731112000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Since decades, production traits such as growth rate, feed efficiency or body composition have been drastically increased in pigs by genetic selection. Whether this selection impacted animal robustness is still unclear. In this study, we compared Large White (LW) pigs, a breed submitted to intense genetic selection for production traits, and Basque (B) pigs, a local rustic breed, reared in two different housing environments (conventional v. enriched). Adaptation to housing conditions among each breed was evaluated at the level of endocrine and immune traits. These are known to be impacted by housing conditions and breed; however, the interaction effects between genotype and environment are less described. Animals (20 per breed and housing environment) entered the experiment at 35 kg of live weight. Levels of cortisol, acute-phase inflammatory proteins, immunoglobulins and hydrogen peroxide, blood formula, lymphocyte proliferation and in-vitro cytokine expression were measured at ∼115 kg of live weight. Animals were checked for skin injuries during the growing period. At slaughter, at the average live weight of 145 kg, carcasses were examined for pathological conditions of the respiratory tract. The major result was that the two breeds exhibited differences in response to the housing environment. Among the 24 sanitary, endocrine or immune traits investigated, the housing conditions affected eight variables in both breeds (salivary cortisol at 0700 and 1900 h, severity of pneumonia at slaughter) or only in B pigs (severe skin lesions) or LW pigs (salivary cortisol at 1500 h, granulocyte numbers and lymphocyte/granulocyte ratio and lymphocyte proliferation). These observations strengthen the hypothesis that selection for high meat production level might be associated with an increased susceptibility of animals to environmental stressors.
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26
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Plastow GS, Carrión D, Gil M, García-Regueiro JA, I Furnols MF, Gispert M, Oliver MA, Velarde A, Guàrdia MD, Hortós M, Rius MA, Sárraga C, Díaz I, Valero A, Sosnicki A, Klont R, Dornan S, Wilkinson JM, Evans G, Sargent C, Davey G, Connolly D, Houeix B, Maltin CM, Hayes HE, Anandavijayan V, Foury A, Geverink N, Cairns M, Tilley RE, Mormède P, Blott SC. Quality pork genes and meat production. Meat Sci 2012; 70:409-21. [PMID: 22063741 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2004] [Revised: 06/29/2004] [Accepted: 06/30/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Functional genomics, including analysis of the transcriptome and proteome, provides new opportunities for understanding the molecular processes in muscle and how these influence its conversion to meat. The Quality Pork Genes project was established to identify genes associated with variation in different aspects of raw material (muscle) quality and to then develop genetic tools that could be utilized to improve this quality. DNA polymorphisms identified in the porcine PRKAG3 and CAST genes illustrate the impact that such tools can have in improving meat quality. The resources developed in Quality Pork Genes provide the basis for identifying more of these tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Plastow
- Sygen International, 2 Kingston Business Park, Kingston Bagpuize, Oxfordshire OX13 5FE, UK
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27
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Minni AM, Dorey R, Piérard C, Dominguez G, Helbling JC, Foury A, Béracochéa D, Moisan MP. Critical role of plasma corticosteroid-binding-globulin during stress to promote glucocorticoid delivery to the brain: impact on memory retrieval. Endocrinology 2012; 153:4766-74. [PMID: 22930537 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We aimed at demonstrating that corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), a plasma glycoprotein binding glucocorticoids with high affinity in blood, endorses a major role under stress conditions by regulating free glucocorticoid access to the brain and thereby influences glucocorticoid-dependent behaviors. Hence, we compared CBG-deficient mice (Cbg-/-) and their controls (Cbg+/+) in a specific memory task, i.e. the delayed alternation behavior, requiring memory retrieval both under stress and nonstress conditions and previously shown to be dependent on hippocampal glucocorticoid levels. Our results evidence that Cbg-/- mice, unlike controls, remain insensitive to stress applied before memory retrieval. Furthermore, under stress conditions, we observed a blunted surge of corticosterone (CORT) in plasma and no free CORT rise in the hippocampus of Cbg-/-. Moreover, intrahippocampal infusion of CORT through implanted cannulae was used to mimic stress CORT rise before memory retrieval. This infusion of CORT reproduced memory retrieval impairments in Cbg-/- as in Cbg+/+ controls. Finally, we provide evidence that Cbg-/- mice exhibit a normal adrenal response to stress and ACTH. Given that CBG deficiency is known to markedly impact on CORT clearance from plasma, our current article demonstrates that Cbg-/- insensitivity in memory retrieval after stress results from the blunted CORT response due to increased CORT clearance. Overall, our data suggest that the impact of CBG genetic deficiency on various behavioral patterns reported previously stems from a smaller CORT reservoir in blood. Inasmuch as CBG discloses interindividual variations, such a parameter ought to be taken into account when studying stress-induced glucocorticoid action in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine M Minni
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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Mueller KM, Themanns M, Friedbichler K, Kornfeld JW, Esterbauer H, Tuckermann JP, Moriggl R. Hepatic growth hormone and glucocorticoid receptor signaling in body growth, steatosis and metabolic liver cancer development. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 361:1-11. [PMID: 22564914 PMCID: PMC3419266 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and glucocorticoids (GCs) are involved in the control of processes that are essential for the maintenance of vital body functions including energy supply and growth control. GH and GCs have been well characterized to regulate systemic energy homeostasis, particular during certain conditions of physical stress. However, dysfunctional signaling in both pathways is linked to various metabolic disorders associated with aberrant carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In liver, GH-dependent activation of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5 controls a variety of physiologic functions within hepatocytes. Similarly, GCs, through activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), influence many important liver functions such as gluconeogenesis. Studies in hepatic Stat5 or GR knockout mice have revealed that they similarly control liver function on their target gene level and indeed, the GR functions often as a cofactor of STAT5 for GH-induced genes. Gene sets, which require physical STAT5-GR interaction, include those controlling body growth and maturation. More recently, it has become evident that impairment of GH-STAT5 signaling in different experimental models correlates with metabolic liver disease, ranging from hepatic steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While GH-activated STAT5 has a protective role in chronic liver disease, experimental disruption of GC-GR signaling rather seems to ameliorate metabolic disorders under metabolic challenge. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge about hepatic GH-STAT5 and GC-GR signaling in body growth, metabolism, and protection from fatty liver disease and HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jan-Wilhelm Kornfeld
- Institute for Genetics, Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan P. Tuckermann
- Tissue-Specific Hormone Action, Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute for General Zoology and Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author. Address: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Waehringerstrasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Tel.: +43 14277 64111; fax: +43 14277 9641.
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Barat P, Duclos M, Gatta B, Roger P, Mormede P, Moisan MP. Corticosteroid Binding Globulin Gene Polymorphism Influences Cortisol Driven Fat Distribution in Obese Women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 13:1485-90. [PMID: 16222046 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2005.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis has been reported to influence fat mass distribution in obesity. We investigated the hypothesis that corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) polymorphism could influence obesity, metabolic, or hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis activity parameters. In 44 obese pre-menopausal women, a microsatellite located within the CBG gene was analyzed, providing three genotypes: 86/86 (n = 29), 86/90 (n = 14), and 90/90 (n = 1). No significant difference was found for obesity, metabolic, and HPA axis activity parameters between the genotypes 86/86 and 86/90. Looking for differences in correlations between HPA axis activity parameters and obesity or metabolic parameters between the two genotypes, genotype 86/90 showed a strong correlation between salivary cortisol after dexamethasone (0.25 mg) suppression test and waist-to-hip ratio (r = -0.84, p = 0.0007), whereas this correlation was weaker for genotype 86/86 (r = -0.34, p = 0.09). These data were completed with an analysis of the BclI polymorphism of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene. There was an association between this GR polymorphism and both awakening salivary cortisol and postdexamethasone salivary cortisol but no association for obesity or metabolic parameters. We concluded that CBG gene polymorphisms might modulate the influence of the HPA axis on the fat mass distribution in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Barat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Stress, INRA UMR 1243, University of Victor Ségalen-Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
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Aizer A, Stroud L, Buka S. Maternal Stress and Child Outcomes: Evidence from Siblings. THE JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCES 2012; 51:523-555. [PMID: 29118458 DOI: 10.3386/w18422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We study how maternal stress affects offspring outcomes. We find that in-utero exposure to elevated levels of the stress hormone cortisol negatively affects offspring cognition, health and educational attainment. These findings are based on comparisons between siblings which limits variation to short-lived shocks and controls for unobserved differences between mothers that could bias estimates. Our results are consistent with recent experimental results in the neurobiological literature linking exogenous exposure to stress hormones in-utero with declines in offspring cognitive, behavioral and motor development. Moreover, we find that not only are mothers with low levels of human capital characterized by higher and more variable cortisol levels, but that the negative impact of elevated cortisol on their offspring is greater. These results suggest that maternal stress may play a role in the intergenerational persistence of poverty.
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Mormede P, Terenina E. Molecular genetics of the adrenocortical axis and breeding for robustness. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2012; 43:116-31. [PMID: 22672758 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The concept of robustness refers to the combination of a high production potential and a low sensitivity to environmental perturbations. The importance of robustness-related traits in breeding objectives is progressively increasing toward the production of animals with a high production level in a wide range of climatic conditions and production systems, together with a high level of animal welfare. Current strategies to increase robustness include selection for "functional traits," such as skeletal and cardiovascular integrity, disease resistance, and mortality at various stages. It is also possible to use global evaluation of sensitivity to the environment (eg reaction norm analysis or canalization), but these techniques are difficult to implement in practice. The glucocorticoid hormones released by the adrenal cortex exert a wide range of effects on metabolism, the cardiovascular system, inflammatory processes, and brain function, for example. Protein catabolism toward energy production and storage (lipids and glycogen) supports their pivotal role in stress responses aiming at the adaptation and survival of individuals under strong environmental pressure. Large individual variations have been described in adrenocortical axis activity, with important physiopathological consequences. In terms of animal production, higher cortisol levels have negative effects on growth rate and feed efficiency and increase the fat:lean ratio of carcasses. On the contrary, cortisol has positive effects on functional traits and adaptation. Intense selection for lean tissue growth and more generally high protein output during the past decades has concomitantly reduced cortisol production, which may be responsible for the negative effects of selection on functional traits. In this paper, we review experimental evidence suggesting that the balance between production and functional traits was modified in favor of improved robustness by selecting animals with higher adrenocortical axis activity, as well as the molecular genetic tools that can be used to fine-tune this objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mormede
- INRA, UMR 444 Génétique Cellulaire, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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Coding Gene SNP Mapping Reveals QTL Linked to Growth and Stress Response in Brook Charr (Salvelinus fontinalis). G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2012; 2:707-20. [PMID: 22690380 PMCID: PMC3362300 DOI: 10.1534/g3.112.001990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Growth performance and reduced stress response are traits of major interest in fish production. Growth and stress-related quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been already identified in several salmonid species, but little effort has been devoted to charrs (genus Salvelinus). Moreover, most QTL studies to date focused on one or very few traits, and little investigation has been devoted to QTL identification for gene expression. Here, our objective was to identify QTL for 27 phenotypes related to growth and stress responses in brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis), which is one of the most economically important freshwater aquaculture species in Canada. Phenotypes included 12 growth parameters, six blood and plasma variables, three hepatic variables, and one plasma hormone level as well as the relative expression measurements of five genes of interest linked to growth regulation. QTL analysis relied on a linkage map recently built from S. fontinalis consisting of both single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, n = 266) and microsatellite (n =81) markers in an F2 interstrain hybrid population (n = 171). We identified 63 growth-related QTL and four stress-related QTL across 18 of the 40 linkage groups of the brook charr linkage map. Percent variance explained, confidence interval, and allelic QTL effects also were investigated to provide insight into the genetic architecture of growth- and stress-related QTL. QTL related to growth performance and stress response that were identified could be classified into two groups: (1) a group composed of the numerous, small-effect QTL associated with some traits related to growth (i.e., weight) that may be under the control of a large number of genes or pleiotropic genes, and (2) a group of less numerous QTL associated with growth (i.e., gene expression) and with stress-related QTL that display a larger effect, suggesting that these QTL are under the control of a limited number of genes of major effect. This study represents a first step toward the identification of genes potentially linked to phenotypic variation of growth and stress response in brook charr. The ultimate goal is to provide new tools for developing Molecular Assisted Selection for this species.
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Abstract
Robustness in farm animals was defined by Knap as 'the ability to combine a high production potential with resilience to stressors, allowing for unproblematic expression of a high production potential in a wide variety of environmental conditions'. The importance of robustness-related traits in breeding objectives is progressively increasing towards the production of animals with a high production level in a wide range of climatic conditions and production systems, together with a high level of animal welfare. Current strategies to increase robustness include selection for 'functional traits', such as skeletal and cardiovascular integrity, disease resistance and mortality in various stages. It is also possible to use global evaluation of sensitivity to the environment (e.g. reaction norm analysis or canalization), but these techniques are difficult to implement in practice. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis is the most important stress-responsive neuroendocrine system. Cortisol (or corticosterone) released by the adrenal cortices exerts a large range of effects on metabolism, the immune system, inflammatory processes and brain function, for example. Large individual variations have been described in the HPA axis activity with important physiopathological consequences. In terms of animal production, higher cortisol levels have negative effects on growth rate and feed efficiency and increase the fat/lean ratio of carcasses. On the contrary, cortisol has positive effects on traits related to robustness and adaptation. For instance, newborn survival was shown to be directly related to plasma cortisol levels at birth, resistance to bacteria and parasites are increased in animals selected for a higher HPA axis response to stress, and tolerance to heat stress is better in those animals that are able to mount a strong stress response. Intense selection for lean tissue growth during the last decades has concomitantly reduced cortisol production, which may be responsible for the negative effects of selection on piglet survival. One strategy to improve robustness is to select animals with higher HPA axis activity. Several sources of genetic polymorphism have been described in the HPA axis. Hormone production by the adrenal cortices under stimulation by adrenocorticotropin hormone is a major source of individual differences. Several candidate genes have been identified by genomic studies and are currently under investigation. Bioavailability of hormones as well as receptor and post-receptor mechanisms are also subject to individual variation. Integration of these different sources of genetic variability will allow the development of a model for marker-assisted selection to improve animal robustness without negative side effects on production traits.
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Microsatellite mapping of quantitative trait loci affecting meat quality, stress hormones and production traits in Duroc × Large White F2 pigs. Animal 2012; 5:167-74. [PMID: 22440760 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731110001722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
An F2 cross between Duroc and Large White pigs was carried out in order to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for 11 meat quality traits (L*, a* and b* Minolta coordinates and water-holding capacity (WHC) of two ham muscles, ultimate pH of two ham and one loin muscles), 13 production traits (birth weight, average daily gain during post-weaning and fattening periods, carcass fat depths at three locations, estimated lean meat content, carcass length and weights of five carcass cuts) and three stress hormone-level traits (cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline). Animals from the three generations of the experimental design (including 456 F2 pigs) were genotyped for 91 microsatellite markers covering all the autosomes. A total of 56 QTL were detected: 49 reached the chromosome-wide level (suggestive QTL with a maximal probability of 0.05) and seven were significant at the genome-wide level (with a probability varying from 6 × 10(-4) to 3 × 10(-3)). Twenty suggestive QTL were identified for ultimate pH, colour measurements and WHC on chromosome (SSC) 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 17. For production traits, 33 QTL were detected on all autosomes except SSC6, 8 and 9. Seven of these QTL, located on SSC2, 3, 10, 13, 16 and 17, exceeded the genome-wide significance threshold. Finally, three QTL were identified for levels of stress hormones: a QTL for cortisol level on SSC7 in the cortisol-binding globulin gene region, a QTL for adrenaline level on SSC10 and a QTL for noradrenaline level on SSC13. Among all the detected QTL, seven are described for the first time: a QTL for ultimate pH measurement on SSC5, two QTL affecting birth weight on SSC2 and 10, two QTL for growth rate on SSC15 (during fattening) and 17 (during post-weaning) and two QTL affecting the adrenaline and noradrenaline levels. For each QTL, only one to five of the six F1 sires were found to be heterozygous. It means that all QTL are segregating in at least one of the founder populations used in this study. These results suggest that both meat quality and production traits can be improved in purebred Duroc and Large White pigs through marker-assisted selection. It is of particular interest for meat quality traits, which are difficult to include in classical selection programmes.
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Marathe CS, Torpy DJ. A role for corticosteroid-binding globulin variants in stress-related disorders. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2012; 7:301-308. [PMID: 30780848 DOI: 10.1586/eem.12.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Primary stress-related diseases such as chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia or chronic widespread pain have been associated with altered activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis due to measured relative hyper- or hypo-cortisolism in basal or experimentally stimulated states. A hereditary risk to development of these diseases has been proposed. Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), a plasma transport vehicle for cortisol, may play a more active role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Chronically altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis has been associated with common medical problems. Hypocortisolism has been observed in kindred studies of rare mutations of the SERPIN A6 (CBG) gene and more common SERPIN A6 polymorphisms associated with reduced CBG levels or CBG:cortisol-binding affinity. Over the last decade, studies of five different CBG gene mutations in humans, human genetic associations and transgenic mouse models have suggested that CBG may have hitherto unexpected roles in modulation of the stress response. Naturally occurring CBG variants may alter susceptibility to disorders associated with chronic stress and relative hypocortisolism. On the other hand, hypercortisolism has been linked with Cushing's disease and metabolic syndrome and CBG gene polymorphisms have been linked to obesity in animal models. In this article, we look at the evidence suggesting a role for CBG in stress-related disorders, focusing particularly on CBG gene polymorphisms and chronic pain/fatigue syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay S Marathe
- a Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David J Torpy
- b Endocrine & Metabolic Unit, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
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36
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Okamura T, Onodera W, Tayama T, Kadowaki H, Kojima-Shibata C, Suzuki E, Uemoto Y, Mikawa S, Hayashi T, Awata T, Fujishima-Kanaya N, Mikawa A, Uenishi H, Suzuki K. A genome-wide scan for quantitative trait loci affecting respiratory disease and immune capacity in Landrace pigs. Anim Genet 2012; 43:721-9. [PMID: 22509953 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory disease is the most important health concern for the swine industry. Genetic improvement for disease resistance is challenging because of the difficulty in obtaining good phenotypes related with disease resistance; however, identification of genes or markers associated with disease resistance can help in the genetic improvement of pig health. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with disease resistance were segregated in a purebred population of Landrace pigs that had been selected for meat production traits and mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) scores over five generations. We analysed 1395 pigs from the base to the fifth generation of this population. Two respiratory disease traits [MPS scores and atrophic rhinitis (AR) scores] and 11 immune-capacity traits were measured in 630-1332 animals at 7 weeks of age and when the animal's body weight reached 105 kg. Each of the pigs, except sires in the base population, was genotyped using 109 microsatellite markers, and then, QTL analysis of the full-sib family population with a multi-generational pedigree structure was performed. Variance component analysis was used to detect QTL associated with MPS or AR scores, and the logarithm of odds (LOD) score and genotypic heritability of the QTL were estimated. Five significant (LOD > 2.51) and 18 suggestive (LOD > 1.35) QTL for respiratory disease traits and immune-capacity traits were detected. The significant QTL for Log-MPS score, located on S. scrofa chromosome 2, could explain 87% of the genetic variance of this score in this analysis. This is the first report of QTL associated with respiratory disease lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Okamura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan
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Krause-Parello CA, Tychowski J, Gonzalez A, Boyd Z. Human–Canine Interaction: Exploring Stress Indicator Response Patterns of Salivary Cortisol and Immunoglobulin A. Res Theory Nurs Pract 2012; 26:25-40. [DOI: 10.1891/1541-6577.26.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A repeated measures design was used to analyze the effect of a canine interaction on salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in 33 adults; 16 were pet owners and 17 were non-pet owners. Cortisol and IgA levels before and after a canine interaction (experimental) or viewing a canine movie (control) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and spectrophotometer. Data show a significant interaction effect for salivary cortisol in non-pet owners (p = 0.003). Changes in IgA levels were not significant. The findings suggested that interaction with canines may help reduce the biological effects of stress that influences human health. Further studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to support these results.
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Marissal-Arvy N, Langlois A, Tridon C, Mormede P. Functional variability in corticosteroid receptors is a major component of strain differences in fat deposition and metabolic consequences of enriched diets in rat. Metabolism 2011; 60:706-19. [PMID: 20723946 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to distinguish mineralocorticoid (MR) from glucocorticoid receptor (GR) actions in the nutritional differences between the Fischer 344 (F344) and LOU/C (LOU) rat strains. The decrease of urinary Na+/K+ ratio induced via MR activation by aldosterone and decrease of circulating lymphocyte counts exerted via GR activation by dexamethasone revealed a higher efficiency of corticosteroid receptor in LOU than in F344 rats. Afterward, we submitted F344 and LOU male rats to adrenalectomy and to substitution treatments with agonists of MR or GR under 3 successive diets--standard, free choice between chow and pork lard, and an imposed high-fat/high-sugar diet--to explore the involvement of the interactions between activation of corticosteroid receptors and diet on food intake, body composition, and metabolic blood parameters in these rats. Lastly, we measured energy expenditure and substrate oxidization in various experimental conditions in LOU and F344 rats by indirect calorimetry. In LOU rats, we showed greater basal and MR-induced energy expenditure, diet-induced thermogenesis, and lipid oxidization. We showed that the F344 rat strain constitutes a relevant model of the unfavorable effects exerted by glucocorticoids via GR on food preference for high-calorie diets, abdominal fat deposition, diabetes, and other deleterious consequences of visceral obesity. Contrary to F344 rats, the LOU rats did not exhibit the expected visceral fat deposition linked to GR activation. This strain is therefore a relevant model of resistance to diet-induced obesity and to the deleterious effects exerted by glucocorticoids on metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Marissal-Arvy
- Université de Bordeaux 2, Laboratoire PsyNuGen, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, INRA UMR1286, CNRS UMR5226, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.
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39
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New insights into corticosteroid-binding globulin and glucocorticoid delivery. Neuroscience 2011; 180:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Esteve A, Ojeda A, Huang LS, Folch JM, Pérez-Enciso M. Nucleotide variability of the porcine SERPINA6 gene and the origin of a putative causal mutation associated with meat quality. Anim Genet 2010; 42:235-41. [PMID: 21054451 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 6 gene (SERPINA6), also known as corticosteroid-binding globulin or CBG, is involved in obesity and stress sensitivity. Previous studies have reported putative causal mutations within that gene in the porcine species. To characterize a hypothetical selective footprint, we have resequenced approximately 6 kb of coding and non-coding fragments in 20 pigs comprising domestic breeds and wild boars from Asia and Europe. Nucleotide variability was found to be far greater within Asian pig breeds than European breeds (π = 1% vs. 0.05%, respectively), which is consistent with pig evolutionary history. The putative causal amino acid substitution p.Gly307Arg (SNP c.919G>A) associated with meat quality (drip loss) was only detected in European domestic pig breeds, suggesting a very recent mutation that appeared after domestication in Europe. No support for positive selection was detected, as no reduction in levels of diversity surrounding the mutation was found in lean breeds with respect to wild boar.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Esteve
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Nakajima I, Oe M, Ojima K, Muroya S, Shibata M, Chikuni K. Cellularity of developing subcutaneous adipose tissue in Landrace and Meishan pigs: adipocyte size differences between two breeds. Anim Sci J 2010; 82:144-9. [PMID: 21269373 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2010.00810.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Experiments were designed to compare the adipocyte cellularity of subcutaneous adipose tissue between growing Landrace (low backfat) and Meishan (high backfat) pigs at 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 5 months of age. As pigs aged, body weight and backfat thickness of both breeds significantly increased. When compared at equal ages, backfat thickness adjusted to equal body weight was greater for Meishan pigs. The mean diameter of fat cell size also increased with age, and by 6 weeks adipocytes from both outer and inner layers of subcutaneous adipose tissue were larger in Meishan pigs. At 5 months, approximately 80% of the adipose tissue mass in Meishan pigs was attributable to adipocytes measuring 95-165 µm in diameter, whereas adipocytes of 75-145 µm comprised most of the tissue mass in the Landrace. Although the contribution of smaller adipocytes (25-45 µm) to the tissue volume was negligible, both breeds showed a biphasic diameter distribution at all ages, suggesting that adipocyte hyperplasia is still active. Our results demonstrate that cellularity differences exist between the subcutaneous adipose tissues of Landrace and Meishan pigs, and adipocyte hypertrophy is the most overwhelming contributor to the greater backfat deposition for Meishan pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuyo Nakajima
- Animal Products Research Team, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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42
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Muráni E, Ponsuksili S, D'Eath RB, Turner SP, Kurt E, Evans G, Thölking L, Klont R, Foury A, Mormède P, Wimmers K. Association of HPA axis-related genetic variation with stress reactivity and aggressive behaviour in pigs. BMC Genet 2010; 11:74. [PMID: 20696048 PMCID: PMC2927472 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-11-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress, elicited for example by aggressive interactions, has negative effects on various biological functions including immune defence, reproduction, growth, and, in livestock, on product quality. Stress response and aggressiveness are mutually interrelated and show large interindividual variation, partly attributable to genetic factors. In the pig little is known about the molecular-genetic background of the variation in stress responsiveness and aggressiveness. To identify candidate genes we analyzed association of DNA markers in each of ten genes (CRH g.233C>T, CRHR1 c.*866_867insA, CRHBP c.51G>A, POMC c.293_298del, MC2R c.306T>G, NR3C1 c.*2122A>G, AVP c.207A>G, AVPR1B c.1084A>G, UCN g.1329T>C, CRHR2 c.*13T>C) related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, one of the main stress-response systems, with various stress- and aggression-related parameters at slaughter. These parameters were: physiological measures of the stress response (plasma concentrations of cortisol, creatine kinase, glucose, and lactate), adrenal weight (which is a parameter reflecting activity of the central branch of the HPA axis over time) and aggressive behaviour (measured by means of lesion scoring) in the context of psychosocial stress of mixing individuals with different aggressive temperament. Results The SNP NR3C1 c.*2122A>G showed association with cortisol concentration (p = 0.024), adrenal weight (p = 0.003) and aggressive behaviour (front lesion score, p = 0.012; total lesion score p = 0.045). The SNP AVPR1B c.1084A>G showed a highly significant association with aggressive behaviour (middle lesion score, p = 0.007; total lesion score p = 0.003). The SNP UCN g.1329T>C showed association with adrenal weight (p = 0.019) and aggressive behaviour (front lesion score, p = 0.029). The SNP CRH g.233C>T showed a significant association with glucose concentration (p = 0.002), and the polymorphisms POMC c.293_298del and MC2R c.306T>G with adrenal weight (p = 0.027 and p < 0.0001 respectively). Conclusions The multiple and consistent associations shown by SNP in NR3C1 and AVPR1B provide convincing evidence for genuine effects of their DNA sequence variation on stress responsiveness and aggressive behaviour. Identification of the causal functional molecular polymorphisms would not only provide markers useful for pig breeding but also insight into the molecular bases of the stress response and aggressive behaviour in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Muráni
- Research Unit Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology FBN, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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Moisan MP. Genotype-phenotype associations in understanding the role of corticosteroid-binding globulin in health and disease animal models. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 316:35-41. [PMID: 19643164 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) is a plasma glycoprotein discovered more than 60 years ago for its high-affinity for glucocorticoids. Although its molecular structure and its biochemical properties have been described, its various biological roles and its importance are not yet fully understood. This review focuses first on studies that have used no-hypothesis-driven genetic approaches in animal models to reveal the higher than expected importance of CBG in particular in glucocorticoid stress responses. Then the dissection of some CBG physiological roles in an animal model of genetic CBG deficiency is reported. Finally, studies on the role of CBG genetic variability in human obesity traits are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Moisan
- INRA, UMR 1286 PsyNuGen, CNRS 5226, Universite de Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.
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Gagliardi L, Ho JT, Torpy DJ. Corticosteroid-binding globulin: the clinical significance of altered levels and heritable mutations. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 316:24-34. [PMID: 19643166 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) is the specific high-affinity plasma transport glycoprotein for cortisol. Stress-induced falls in CBG levels may heighten hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses and CBG:tissue interactions may allow targeted cortisol delivery. Three genetic variants of CBG have been identified that reduce cortisol binding affinity and/or CBG levels. These include the Leuven and Lyon mutations which reduce CBG:cortisol binding affinity 3- and 4-fold, respectively, and the null mutation resulting in a 50% (heterozygote) or 100% (homozygote) reduction in CBG levels. The three reported null homozygotes demonstrate that complete CBG deficiency is not lethal, although it may be associated with hypotension and fatigue. The phenotype of a CBG null murine model included fatigue and immune defects. One community-based study revealed that severe CBG mutations are rare in idiopathic fatigue disorders. The mechanisms by which CBG mutations may cause fatigue are unknown. There are preliminary data of altered CBG levels in hypertension and in the metabolic syndrome; however, the nature of these associations is uncertain. Further studies may clarify the functions of CBG, and clinical observations may validate and/or extend the phenotypic features of various CBG mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gagliardi
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Richard EM, Helbling JC, Tridon C, Desmedt A, Minni AM, Cador M, Pourtau L, Konsman JP, Mormède P, Moisan MP. Plasma transcortin influences endocrine and behavioral stress responses in mice. Endocrinology 2010; 151:649-59. [PMID: 20022933 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are released after hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis stimulation by stress and act both in the periphery and in the brain to bring about adaptive responses that are essential for life. Dysregulation of the stress response can precipitate psychiatric diseases, in particular depression. Recent genetic studies have suggested that the glucocorticoid carrier transcortin, also called corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), may have an important role in stress response. We have investigated the effect of partial or total transcortin deficiency using transcortin knockout mice on hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning and regulation as well as on behaviors linked to anxiety and depression traits in animals. We show that CBG deficiency in mice results in markedly reduced total circulating corticosterone at rest and in response to stress. Interestingly, free corticosterone concentrations are normal at rest but present a reduced surge after stress in transcortin-deficient mice. No differences were detected between transcortin-deficient mice for anxiety-related traits. However, transcortin-deficient mice display increased immobility in the forced-swimming test and markedly enhanced learned helplessness after prolonged uncontrollable stress. The latter is associated with an approximately 30% decrease in circulating levels of free corticosterone as well as reduced Egr-1 mRNA expression in hippocampus in CBG-deficient mice. Additionally, transcortin-deficient mice show no sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotor responses, a well described corticosterone-dependent test. Thus, transcortin deficiency leads to insufficient glucocorticoid signaling and altered behavioral responses after stress. These findings uncover the critical role of plasma transcortin in providing an adequate endocrine and behavioral response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie M Richard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1286 PsyNuGen, Universite de Bordeaux 2, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
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Abstract
Psychiatric diseases are very debilitating and some of them highly prevalent (e.g., depression or anxiety). The rat remains one model of choice in this discipline to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying normal and pathological traits. Genomic tools are now applied to identify genes involved in psychiatric illnesses and also to provide new biomarkers for diagnostic and prognosis, new targets for treatment and more generally to better understand the functioning of the brain. In this report, we will review rat models, behavioral approaches used to model psychiatry-related traits and the major studies published in the field including genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL), transcriptomics, proteomics and transgenic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Moisan
- INRA, UMR 1286 PsyNuGen, CNRS, UMR 5226, Université de Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
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Vallejo RL, Rexroad CE, Silverstein JT, Janss LLG, Weber GM. Evidence of major genes affecting stress response in rainbow trout using Bayesian methods of complex segregation analysis1. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:3490-505. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Estimation of genetic trends from 1977 to 2000 for stress-responsive systems in French Large White and Landrace pig populations using frozen semen. Animal 2009; 3:1681-7. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731109990504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Jensen P, Buitenhuis B, Kjaer J, Zanella A, Mormède P, Pizzari T. Genetics and genomics of animal behaviour and welfare—Challenges and possibilities. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2008.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hazard D, Liaubet L, Sancristobal M, Mormède P. Gene array and real time PCR analysis of the adrenal sensitivity to adrenocorticotropic hormone in pig. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:101. [PMID: 18304307 PMCID: PMC2289818 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Variability in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity has been shown to be influenced by genetic factors and related to great metabolic differences such as obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate molecular bases of genetic variability of the adrenal sensitivity to ACTH, a major source of variability, in Meishan (MS) and Large White (LW) pigs, MS being reported to exhibit higher basal cortisol levels, response to ACTH and fatness than LW. A pig cDNA microarray was used to identify changes in gene expression in basal conditions and in response to ACTH stimulation. Results Genotype and/or ACTH affected the expression of 211 genes related to transcription, cell growth/maintenance, signal transduction, cell structure/adhesion/extra cellular matrix and protein kinase/phosphatase activity. No change in the expression of known key regulator proteins of the ACTH signaling pathway or of steroidogenic enzymes was found. However, Mdh2, Sdha, Suclg2, genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathway, were over-expressed in MS pigs. Higher TCA cycle activity in MS than in LW may thus result in higher steroidogenic activity and thus explain the typically higher cortisol levels in MS compared to LW. Moreover, up-regulation of Star and Ldlr genes in MS and/or in response to ACTH suggest that differences in the adrenal function between MS and LW may also involve mechanisms requisite for cholesterol supply to steroidogenesis. Conclusion The present study provides new potential candidate genes to explain genetic variations in the adrenal sensitivity to ACTH and better understand relationship between HPA axis activity and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Hazard
- Laboratoire PsyNuGen, INRA UMR1286, CNRS UMR5226, Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.
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