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Blanco HM, Perez CN, Banchio C, Alvarez SE, Ciuffo GM. Neurite outgrowth induced by stimulation of angiotensin II AT 2 receptors in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells involves c-Src activation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15656. [PMID: 37144208 PMCID: PMC10151373 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor occurring in childhood, originates from the aberrant proliferation of neural crest cells. Accordingly, the mechanism underling neuronal differentiation could provide new strategies for neuroblastoma treatment. It is well known that neurite outgrowth could be induced by Angiotensin II (Ang II) AT2 receptors; however, the signaling mechanism and its possible interaction with NGF (neural growth factor) receptors remain unclear. Here, we show that Ang II and CGP42112A (AT2 receptor agonist) promote neuronal differentiation by inducing neurite outgrowth and βIII-tubulin expression in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. In addition, we demonstrate that treatment with PD123319 (AT2 receptor antagonist) reverts Ang II or CGP42112A-induced differentiation. By using specific pharmacological inhibitors we established that neurite outgrowth induced by CGP42112A requires the activation of MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase), SphK (sphingosine kinase) and c-Src but not PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase). Certainly, CGP42112A stimulated a rapid and transient (30 s, 1 min) phosphorylation of c-Src at residue Y416 (indicative of activation), following by a Src deactivation as indicated by phosphorylation of Y527. Moreover, inhibition of the NGF receptor tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) reduced neurite outgrowth induced by Ang II and CGP42112A. In summary, we demonstrated that AT2 receptor-stimulated neurite outgrowth in SH-SY5Y cells involves the induction of MEK, SphK and c-Src and suggests a possible transactivation of TrkA. In that regard, AT2 signaling pathway is a key player in neuronal differentiation and might be a potential target for therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga M. Blanco
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Celia N. Perez
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Argentina
| | - Claudia Banchio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET) Ocampo y Esmeralda, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Sergio E. Alvarez
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Argentina
- Corresponding author. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL CONICET), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
| | - Gladys M. Ciuffo
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Argentina
- Corresponding author. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL CONICET), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
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Steckelings UM, Widdop RE, Sturrock ED, Lubbe L, Hussain T, Kaschina E, Unger T, Hallberg A, Carey RM, Sumners C. The Angiotensin AT 2 Receptor: From a Binding Site to a Novel Therapeutic Target. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:1051-1135. [PMID: 36180112 PMCID: PMC9553111 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovered more than 30 years ago, the angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R) has evolved from a binding site with unknown function to a firmly established major effector within the protective arm of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and a target for new drugs in development. The AT2R represents an endogenous protective mechanism that can be manipulated in the majority of preclinical models to alleviate lung, renal, cardiovascular, metabolic, cutaneous, and neural diseases as well as cancer. This article is a comprehensive review summarizing our current knowledge of the AT2R, from its discovery to its position within the RAS and its overall functions. This is followed by an in-depth look at the characteristics of the AT2R, including its structure, intracellular signaling, homo- and heterodimerization, and expression. AT2R-selective ligands, from endogenous peptides to synthetic peptides and nonpeptide molecules that are used as research tools, are discussed. Finally, we summarize the known physiological roles of the AT2R and its abundant protective effects in multiple experimental disease models and expound on AT2R ligands that are undergoing development for clinical use. The present review highlights the controversial aspects and gaps in our knowledge of this receptor and illuminates future perspectives for AT2R research. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R) is now regarded as a fully functional and important component of the renin-angiotensin system, with the potential of exerting protective actions in a variety of diseases. This review provides an in-depth view of the AT2R, which has progressed from being an enigma to becoming a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Muscha Steckelings
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Robert E Widdop
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Edward D Sturrock
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Lizelle Lubbe
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Tahir Hussain
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Elena Kaschina
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Thomas Unger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Anders Hallberg
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Robert M Carey
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Colin Sumners
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
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Johnstone EKM, Ayoub MA, Hertzman RJ, See HB, Abhayawardana RS, Seeber RM, Pfleger KDG. Novel Pharmacology Following Heteromerization of the Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor and the Bradykinin Type 2 Receptor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:848816. [PMID: 35721749 PMCID: PMC9204302 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.848816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The angiotensin type 2 (AT2) receptor and the bradykinin type 2 (B2) receptor are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that have major roles in the cardiovascular system. The two receptors are known to functionally interact at various levels, and there is some evidence that the observed crosstalk may occur as a result of heteromerization. We investigated evidence for heteromerization of the AT2 receptor and the B2 receptor in HEK293FT cells using various bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-proximity based assays, including the Receptor Heteromer Investigation Technology (Receptor-HIT) and the NanoBRET ligand-binding assay. The Receptor-HIT assay showed that Gαq, GRK2 and β-arrestin2 recruitment proximal to AT2 receptors only occurred upon B2 receptor coexpression and activation, all of which is indicative of AT2-B2 receptor heteromerization. Additionally, we also observed specific coupling of the B2 receptor with the Gαz protein, and this was found only in cells coexpressing both receptors and stimulated with bradykinin. The recruitment of Gαz, Gαq, GRK2 and β-arrestin2 was inhibited by B2 receptor but not AT2 receptor antagonism, indicating the importance of B2 receptor activation within AT2-B2 heteromers. The close proximity between the AT2 receptor and B2 receptor at the cell surface was also demonstrated with the NanoBRET ligand-binding assay. Together, our data demonstrate functional interaction between the AT2 receptor and B2 receptor in HEK293FT cells, resulting in novel pharmacology for both receptors with regard to Gαq/GRK2/β-arrestin2 recruitment (AT2 receptor) and Gαz protein coupling (B2 receptor). Our study has revealed a new mechanism for the enigmatic and poorly characterized AT2 receptor to be functionally active within cells, further illustrating the role of heteromerization in the diversity of GPCR pharmacology and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. M. Johnstone
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth K. M. Johnstone, ; Kevin D. G. Pfleger,
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rebecca J. Hertzman
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Heng B. See
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rekhati S. Abhayawardana
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ruth M. Seeber
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin D. G. Pfleger
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Perth, WA, Australia
- Dimerix Limited, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth K. M. Johnstone, ; Kevin D. G. Pfleger,
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Drug Repurposing for Glioblastoma and Current Advances in Drug Delivery-A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121870. [PMID: 34944514 PMCID: PMC8699739 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults with an extremely poor prognosis. There is a dire need to develop effective therapeutics to overcome the intrinsic and acquired resistance of GBM to current therapies. The process of developing novel anti-neoplastic drugs from bench to bedside can incur significant time and cost implications. Drug repurposing may help overcome that obstacle. A wide range of drugs that are already approved for clinical use for the treatment of other diseases have been found to target GBM-associated signaling pathways and are being repurposed for the treatment of GBM. While many of these drugs are undergoing pre-clinical testing, others are in the clinical trial phase. Since GBM stem cells (GSCs) have been found to be a main source of tumor recurrence after surgery, recent studies have also investigated whether repurposed drugs that target these pathways can be used to counteract tumor recurrence. While several repurposed drugs have shown significant efficacy against GBM cell lines, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) can limit the ability of many of these drugs to reach intratumoral therapeutic concentrations. Localized intracranial delivery may help to achieve therapeutic drug concentration at the site of tumor resection while simultaneously minimizing toxicity and side effects. These strategies can be considered while repurposing drugs for GBM.
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Haykal MM, Rodrigues-Ferreira S, Nahmias C. Microtubule-Associated Protein ATIP3, an Emerging Target for Personalized Medicine in Breast Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051080. [PMID: 34062782 PMCID: PMC8147298 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death by malignancy among women worldwide. Clinical data and molecular characteristics of breast tumors are essential to guide clinician’s therapeutic decisions. In the new era of precision medicine, that aims at personalizing the treatment for each patient, there is urgent need to identify robust companion biomarkers for new targeted therapies. This review focuses on ATIP3, a potent anti-cancer protein encoded by candidate tumor suppressor gene MTUS1, whose expression levels are markedly down-regulated in breast cancer. ATIP3 is a microtubule-associated protein identified both as a prognostic biomarker of patient survival and a predictive biomarker of breast tumors response to taxane-based chemotherapy. We present here recent studies pointing out ATIP3 as an emerging anti-cancer protein and a potential companion biomarker to be combined with future personalized therapy against ATIP3-deficient breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Haykal
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U981, Biomarqueurs Prédictifs et Nouvelles Stratégies Thérapeutiques en Oncologie, 94800 Villejuif, France; (M.M.H.); (S.R.-F.)
- LERMIT Laboratory, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sylvie Rodrigues-Ferreira
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U981, Biomarqueurs Prédictifs et Nouvelles Stratégies Thérapeutiques en Oncologie, 94800 Villejuif, France; (M.M.H.); (S.R.-F.)
- LERMIT Laboratory, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France
- Inovarion, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Clara Nahmias
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U981, Biomarqueurs Prédictifs et Nouvelles Stratégies Thérapeutiques en Oncologie, 94800 Villejuif, France; (M.M.H.); (S.R.-F.)
- LERMIT Laboratory, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France
- Correspondence:
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The Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor, a Target for Protection and Regeneration of the Peripheral Nervous System? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030175. [PMID: 33668331 PMCID: PMC7996246 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical evidence, accumulated over the past decade, indicates that the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) stimulation exerts significant neuroprotective effects in various animal models of neuronal injury, notably in the central nervous system. While the atypical G protein-coupled receptor superfamily nature of AT2R and its related signaling are still under investigation, pharmacological studies have shown that stimulation of AT2R leads to neuritogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we focus on the potential neuroprotective and neuroregenerative roles of AT2R specifically in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The first section describes the evidence for AT2R expression in the PNS and highlights current controversies concerning the cellular distribution of the receptor. The second section focuses on AT2R signaling implicated in neuronal survival and in neurite outgrowth. The following sections review the relatively few preclinical studies highlighting the putative neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects of AT2R stimulation in the context of peripheral neuropathy.
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Collazo BJ, Morales-Vázquez D, Álvarez-Del Valle J, Sierra-Pagan JE, Medina JC, Méndez-Álvarez J, Gerena Y. Angiotensin II Induces Differentiation of Human Neuroblastoma Cells by Increasing MAP2 and ROS Levels. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2021; 2021:6191417. [PMID: 34285710 PMCID: PMC8265025 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6191417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The roles of angiotensin II (Ang II) in the brain are still under investigation. In this study, we investigated if Ang II influences differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells with simultaneous activation of NADPH oxidase and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, we investigated the Ang II receptor type involved during differentiation. METHODS Human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y; 5 × 105 cells) were exposed to Ang II (600 nM) for 24 h. Differentiation was monitored by measuring MAP2 and NF-H levels. Cell size and ROS were analyzed by flow cytometry, and NADPH oxidase activation was assayed using apocynin (500 μM). Ang II receptors (ATR) activation was assayed using ATR blockers or Ang II metabolism inhibitors (10-7 M). RESULTS (1) Cell size decreased significantly in Ang II-treated cells; (2) MAP2 and ROS increased significantly in Ang II-treated cells with no changes in viability; (3) MAP2 and ROS decreased significantly in cells incubated with Ang II plus apocynin. (4) A significant decrease in MAP2 was observed in cells exposed to Ang II plus PD123.319 (AT2R blocker). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that Ang II influences differentiation of SH-SY5Y by increasing MAP2 through the AT2R. The increase in MAP2 and ROS were also mediated through NADPH oxidase with no cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Jael Collazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-5067
| | - Dariana Morales-Vázquez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-5067
| | - Jaylene Álvarez-Del Valle
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-5067
| | - Javier E. Sierra-Pagan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-5067
| | - Juan Carlos Medina
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-5067
| | - Jarold Méndez-Álvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-5067
| | - Yamil Gerena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-5067
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8
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Soda K, Nakada Y, Iwanari H, Hamakubo T. AT2 receptor interacting protein 1 (ATIP1) mediates COX-2 induction by an AT2 receptor agonist in endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100850. [PMID: 33381664 PMCID: PMC7767795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) type 2 receptor (AT2R) is one of the major components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Nevertheless, the physiological role is not well defined compared to the understanding of the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), which is a well characterized G-protein coupled receptor in the cardiovascular system. While the AT2R signaling pathway remains unclear, AT2 receptor interacting protein 1 (ATIP1) has been identified as a candidate molecule for interacting with the C-terminal region of AT2R. In this study, we investigated the ATIP1 dependent AT2R inducible genes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). CGP42112A, an AT2R specific agonist, resulted in an upregulation of inflammatory genes in HUVECs, which were inhibited by knocking down ATIP1 with siRNA (siATIP1). Among them, we confirmed by quantitative PCR that the induction of COX-2 mRNA expression was significantly downregulated by siATIP1. COX-2 was also upregulated by Ang II stimulation. This upregulation was suppressed by treatment with the AT2R specific antagonist PD123319, which was not replicated by the AT1R antagonist telmisartan. These findings suggest that ATIP1 plays an important role in AT2R dependent inflammatory responses. This may provide a new approach to the development of cardio-protective drugs. Only the AT2 receptor interacting protein 1 (ATIP1) of ATIP isoforms expresses in endothelial cells. A novel anti-ATIP monoclonal antibody detected endogenous ATIP1 and revealed ATIP1 localization in endothelial cells. AT2 receptor (AT2R) agonist stimulation induced inflammatory gene expression via ATIP1 in endothelial cells. An AT2R specific inhibitor blocks the Ang II induction of COX-2 mRNA in endothelial cells. There is the AT2R-ATIP1 related pathway of COX-2 induction in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Soda
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Protein - Protein Interaction Research, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nakada
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iwanari
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Protein - Protein Interaction Research, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Kangussu LM, Marzano LAS, Souza CF, Dantas CC, Miranda AS, Simões e Silva AC. The Renin-Angiotensin System and the Cerebrovascular Diseases: Experimental and Clinical Evidence. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:463-475. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666191218091823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular Diseases (CVD) comprise a wide spectrum of disorders, all sharing an
acquired or inherited alteration of the cerebral vasculature. CVD have been associated with
important changes in systemic and tissue Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS). The aim of this review
was to summarize and to discuss recent findings related to the modulation of RAS components in
CVD. The role of RAS axes is more extensively studied in experimentally induced stroke. By
means of AT1 receptors in the brain, Ang II hampers cerebral blood flow and causes tissue
ischemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, cell damage and apoptosis. On the other hand, Ang-(1-7)
by stimulating Mas receptor promotes angiogenesis in brain tissue, decreases oxidative stress,
neuroinflammation, and improves cognition, cerebral blood flow, neuronal survival, learning and
memory. In regard to clinical studies, treatment with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
inhibitors and AT1 receptor antagonists exerts preventive and therapeutic effects on stroke. Besides
stroke, studies support a similar role of RAS molecules also in traumatic brain injury and cerebral
aneurysm. The literature supports a beneficial role for the alternative RAS axis in CVD. Further
studies are necessary to investigate the therapeutic potential of ACE2 activators and/or Mas
receptor agonists in patients with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M. Kangussu
- Department of Morphology – Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Alexandre Santos Marzano
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cássio Ferraz Souza
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina Couy Dantas
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Miranda
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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10
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Ghanbari H, Dehghani A, Feizi A, Amirkhani A, Pourazizi M. Serum Level of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Patients with Idiopathic Acute Optic Neuritis: A Case-Control Study. SCIENTIFICA 2020; 2020:4867420. [PMID: 32318310 PMCID: PMC7150716 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4867420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the serum level of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) as an important component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in optic neuritis (ON) compared to the healthy control group in the context investigating the possible role of ACE in ON pathogenesis. METHODS This case-control study was conducted on patients with ON and healthy controls. Serum ACE levels were assessed and compared between the two groups by using commercially available kits by ELISA for ACE. RESULTS Sixty-five ON patients (75.4% female, mean age 29.70 ± 8.30 years) and 65 controls (75.4% female, mean age 29.66 ± 8.36 years) were enrolled. The median serum ACE levels were 33.5 U/L (range: 25-540) and 26 U/L (range: 22.3-72) for the ON patients and controls, respectively. Serum ACE levels were significantly higher in the patients than in the control group (P < 0.001). High level of serum ACE (defined as a serum ACE >65 U/L) was present in 9 (13.8%) patients with ON and 2 (3.1%) controls. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that the serum level of ACE appeared to be significantly higher in acute ON than in normal controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heshmatollah Ghanbari
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Dehghani
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arman Amirkhani
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Pourazizi
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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11
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Chávez-Castillo M, Nava M, Ortega Á, Rojas M, Núñez V, Salazar J, Bermúdez V, Rojas-Quintero J. Depression as an Immunometabolic Disorder: Exploring Shared Pharmacotherapeutics with Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:1138-1153. [PMID: 32282306 PMCID: PMC7709154 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200413144401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern times have seen depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) become notorious public health concerns, corresponding to alarming proportions of morbidity, mortality, decreased quality of life, and economic costs. Expanding comprehension of the pathogenesis of depression as an immunometabolic disorder has identified numerous pathophysiologic phenomena in common with CVD, including chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. These shared components could be exploited to offer improved alternatives in the joint management of these conditions. Abundant preclinical and clinical data on the impact of established treatments for CVD in the management of depression have allowed for potential candidates to be proposed for the joint management of depression and CVD as immunometabolic disorders. However, a large proportion of the clinical investigation currently available exhibits marked methodological flaws which preclude the formulation of concrete recommendations in many cases. This situation may be a reflection of pervasive problems present in clinical research in psychiatry, especially pertaining to study homogeneity. Therefore, further high-quality research is essential in the future in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Salazar
- Address correspondence to this author at the Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 20th Avenue 4004, Venezuela; Tel/Fax: ++582617597279; E-mail:
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12
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Manzur MJ, Aguilera MO, Kotler ML, Berón W, Ciuffo GM. Focal adhesion kinase, RhoA, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase modulates apoptosis mediated by angiotensin II AT 2 receptors. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1835-1849. [PMID: 30206964 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays an important role in cellular processes such as development, differentiation, and homeostasis. Although the participation of angiotensin II (Ang II) AT2 receptors (AT 2 R) in cellular apoptosis is well accepted, the signaling pathway involved in this process is not well established. We evaluated the participation of signaling proteins focal adhesion kinase (FAK), RhoA, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) in apoptosis induced by Ang II via AT 2 R overexpressed in HeLa cells. Following a short stimulation time (120 to 240 minutes) with Ang II, HeLa-AT 2 cells showed nuclear condensation, stress fibers disassembly and membrane blebbing. FAK, classically involved in cytoskeleton reorganization, has been postulated as an early marker of cellular apoptosis. Thus, we evaluated FAK cleavage, detected at early stimulation times (15 to 30 minutes). Apoptosis was confirmed by increased caspase-3 cleavage and enzymatic activity of caspase-3/7. Participation of RhoA was evaluated. HeLa-AT 2 cells overexpressing RhoA wild-type (WT) or their mutants, RhoA V14 (constitutively active form) or RhoA N19 (dominant-negative form) were used to explore RhoA participation. HeLa-AT 2 cells expressing the constitutively active variant RhoA V14 showed enhanced apoptotic features at earlier times as compared with cells expressing the WT variant. RhoA N19 expression prevented nuclear condensation/caspase activation. Inhibition of p38MAPK caused an increase in nuclear condensation and caspase-3/7 activation, suggesting a protective role of p38MAPK. Our results clearly demonstrated that stimulation of AT 2 R induce apoptosis with participation of FAK and RhoA while p38MAPK seems to play a prosurvival role.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Manzur
- Department of Biochemistry and Biological Sci., Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina.,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas, San Luis (IMIBIO, SL, CONICET), Argentina
| | - Milton O Aguilera
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Mónica L Kotler
- Laboratorio de Disfunción Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Nanomedicina, Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto deQuímica Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Berón
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Gladys M Ciuffo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biological Sci., Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina.,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas, San Luis (IMIBIO, SL, CONICET), Argentina
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13
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The exaggerated salt-sensitive response in hypertensive transgenic rats (TGR mRen-2) fostered by a normotensive female. Hypertens Res 2018; 42:459-468. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Chung J, Wang X, Maruyama T, Ma Y, Zhang X, Mez J, Sherva R, Takeyama H, Lunetta KL, Farrer LA, Jun GR. Genome-wide association study of Alzheimer's disease endophenotypes at prediagnosis stages. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:623-633. [PMID: 29274321 PMCID: PMC5938137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic associations for endophenotypes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in cognitive stages preceding AD have not been thoroughly evaluated. METHODS We conducted genome-wide association studies for AD-related endophenotypes including hippocampal volume, logical memory scores, and cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 and total/phosphorylated tau in cognitively normal (CN), mild cognitive impairment, and AD dementia subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study. RESULTS In CN subjects, study-wide significant (P < 8.3 × 10-9) loci were identified for total tau near SRRM4 and C14orf79 and for hippocampal volume near MTUS1. In mild cognitive impairment subjects, study-wide significant association was found with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near ZNF804B for logical memory test of delayed recall scores. We found consistent expression patterns of C14orf40 and MTUS1 in carriers with risk alleles of expression SNPs and in brains of AD patients, compared with in the noncarriers and in brains of controls. DISCUSSION Our findings for AD-related brain changes before AD provide insight about early AD-related biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoon Chung
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xulong Wang
- Neurogenetics and Integrated Genomics, Andover Innovative Medicines (AiM) Institute, Eisai Inc, Andover, MA, USA
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Life Science & Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; Computational Bio-Big Data Open Innovation Lab, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yiyi Ma
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haruko Takeyama
- Department of Life Science & Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; Computational Bio-Big Data Open Innovation Lab, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gyungah R Jun
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Neurogenetics and Integrated Genomics, Andover Innovative Medicines (AiM) Institute, Eisai Inc, Andover, MA, USA.
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15
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Wang Y, Huang Y, Liu Y, Li J, Hao Y, Yin P, Liu Z, Chen J, Wang Y, Wang N, Zhang P. Microtubule associated tumor suppressor 1 interacts with mitofusins to regulate mitochondrial morphology in endothelial cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:4504-4518. [PMID: 29558204 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701143rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that are able to change their morphology and cellular distribution by either fission or fusion. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling mitochondrial dynamics in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) remain largely unknown. In this study, we observed that knockdown of microtubule-associated tumor suppressor 1 (MTUS1) in ECs inhibited tube formation and migration, accompanied with decreased promigratory signalings. We showed that MTUS1 was localized in the outer membrane of mitochondria in ECs. Knockdown of MTUS1 disturbed the elongated mitochondrial network and induced the formation of perinuclear clusters of mitochondria. Importantly, mitochondrial motility and fusion were suppressed, whereas generation of reactive oxygen species was increased in MTUS1 knockdown ECs. Mechanistically, we showed that the N-terminal coiled-coil domain of MTUS1 interacted with the mitochondrial membrane proteins, mitofusin-1 and mitofusin-2, to maintain mitochondrial morphology in ECs. This study illustrated a novel role of MTUS1 in mitochondrial morphology and EC angiogenic responses.-Wang, Y., Huang, Y., Liu, Y., Li, J., Hao, Y., Yin, P., Liu, Z., Chen, J., Wang, Y., Wang, N., Zhang, P. Microtubule associated tumor suppressor 1 interacts with mitofusins to regulate mitochondrial morphology in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yitong Huang
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Youbin Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinping Li
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilong Hao
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peihao Yin
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongjun Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzhou Chen
- Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Ministry of Education, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Nanping Wang
- The Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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16
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Renin angiotensin system and its role in biomarkers and treatment in gliomas. J Neurooncol 2018; 138:1-15. [PMID: 29450812 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary intrinsic tumor in the brain and are classified as low- or high-grade according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Patients with high-grade gliomas (HGG) who undergo surgical resection with adjuvant therapy have a mean overall survival of 15 months and 100% recurrence. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), the primary regulator of cardiovascular circulation, exhibits local action and works as a paracrine system. In the context of this local regulation, the expression of RAS peptides and receptors has been detected in different kinds of tumors, including gliomas. The dysregulation of RAS components plays a significant role in the proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion of these tumors, and therefore in their outcomes. The study and potential application of RAS peptides and receptors as biomarkers in gliomas could bring advantages against the limitations of current tumoral markers and should be considered in the future. The targeting of RAS components by RAS blockers has shown potential of being protective against cancer and improving immunotherapy. In gliomas, RAS blockers have shown a broad spectrum for beneficial effects and are being considered for use in treatment protocols. This review aims to summarize the background behind how RAS plays a role in gliomagenesis and explore the evidence that could lead to their use as biomarkers and treatment adjuvants.
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Abstract
Depression remains a debilitating condition with an uncertain aetiology. Recently, attention has been given to the renin-angiotensin system. In the central nervous system, angiotensin II may be important in multiple pathways related to neurodevelopment and regulation of the stress response. Studies of drugs targeting the renin-angiotensin system have yielded promising results. Here, we review the potential beneficial effects of angiotensin blockers in depression and their mechanisms of action. Drugs blocking the angiotensin system have efficacy in several animal models of depression. While no randomised clinical trials were found, case reports and observational studies showed that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers had positive effects on depression, whereas other antihypertensive agents did not. Drugs targeting the renin-angiotensin system act on inflammatory pathways implicated in depression. Both preclinical and clinical data suggest that these drugs possess antidepressant properties. In light of these results, angiotensin system-blocking agents offer new horizons in mood disorder treatment.
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18
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Svitok P, Senko T, Panakova Z, Olexova L, Krskova L, Okuliarova M, Zeman M. Prenatal exposure to angiotensin II increases blood pressure and decreases salt sensitivity in rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 39:489-494. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2016.1226887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Svitok
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomas Senko
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Panakova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Olexova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Krskova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Okuliarova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Zeman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Bozgeyik I, Yumrutas O, Bozgeyik E. MTUS1, a gene encoding angiotensin-II type 2 (AT2) receptor-interacting proteins, in health and disease, with special emphasis on its role in carcinogenesis. Gene 2017; 626:54-63. [PMID: 28499941 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Loss of tumor suppressor activity is a frequent event in the formation and progression of tumors and has been listed as an important hallmark of cancers. Microtubule-Associated Scaffold Protein 1 (MTUS1) is a candidate tumor suppressor gene which is reported to be frequently down-regulated in a variety of human cancers including pancreas, colon, bladder, head-and-neck, ovarian, breast cancers, gastric, lung cancers. It is also reported to be implicated in several types of pathologies such as cardiac hypertrophy, atherosclerosis, and SLE-like lymphoproliferative diseases. Moreover, MTUS1-encoded proteins are shown to be involved in the regulation of vital cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, DNA repair, inflammation, vascular remodeling and senescence. However, the current knowledge is very limited about the role of this gene in human cancers as well as other type diseases. Besides, there is no literature report which summarizes and criticizes the importance of MTUS1 in the cellular processes, especially in the processes of carcinogenesis. Accordingly, in this comprehensive review, we tried to shed light on the role of tumor suppressor MTUS1/ATIP in health and disease, putting special emphasis on its role in the development and progression of human cancers as well as associated molecular mechanisms and the reasons behind MTUS1/ATIP deficiency, which have been not well documented previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Bozgeyik
- Adiyaman University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Adiyaman, Turkey.
| | - Onder Yumrutas
- Adiyaman University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Esra Bozgeyik
- University of Gaziantep, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Gaziantep, Turkey
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20
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Kukida M, Mogi M, Ohshima K, Nakaoka H, Iwanami J, Kanno H, Tsukuda K, Chisaka T, Min LJ, Wang XL, Bai HY, Shan BS, Higaki A, Yamauchi T, Okura T, Higaki J, Horiuchi M. Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Inhibits Vascular Intimal Proliferation With Activation of PPARγ. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:727-36. [PMID: 26471325 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor stimulation could exert beneficial effects on vascular remodeling. Previously, we reported that AT2 receptor stimulation ameliorated insulin resistance in diabetic mice accompanied by PPARγ activation which also plays a variety of crucial roles in the vasculature. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the vascular protective effect of the AT2 receptor with activation of PPARγ involving AT2 receptor-interacting protein (ATIP). METHODS AND RESULTS Vascular injury was induced by polyethylene-cuff placement around the femoral artery in C57BL/6J mice. Treatment with compound 21 (C21), an AT2 receptor agonist, decreased neointimal formation, cell proliferation, and the mRNA levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin-1β, and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B, and increased PPARγ DNA-binding activity in the injured artery, whereas these inhibitory effects of C21 were attenuated by co-treatment with a PPARγ antagonist, GW9662. Treatment of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) with C21 prepared from smAT2 transgenic mice, which highly express the AT2 receptor in VSMC, increased both PPARγ activity and its DNA-binding activity determined by dual-luciferase assay and electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA), respectively. We observed that ATIP was involved in PPARγ complex formation, and that transfection of siRNA of ATIP1 attenuated the AT2 receptor-mediated increase in PPARγ activity in VSMC. In response to AT2 receptor stimulation, ATIP was translocated from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a new mechanism by which AT2 receptor stimulation activates PPARγ, thereby resulting in amelioration of vascular intimal proliferation, and that ATIP plays an important role in AT2 receptor-mediated PPARγ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Kukida
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan; Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masaki Mogi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan;
| | - Kousei Ohshima
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan; Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Nakaoka
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jun Iwanami
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Harumi Kanno
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kana Tsukuda
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Chisaka
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Li-Juan Min
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hui-Yu Bai
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Bao-Shuai Shan
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Akinori Higaki
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan; Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Yamauchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takafumi Okura
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jitsuo Higaki
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Horiuchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
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Živković M, Kolaković A, Stojković L, Dinčić E, Kostić S, Alavantić D, Stanković A. Renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms as risk factors for multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2016; 363:29-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Karnik SS, Unal H, Kemp JR, Tirupula KC, Eguchi S, Vanderheyden PML, Thomas WG. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCIX. Angiotensin Receptors: Interpreters of Pathophysiological Angiotensinergic Stimuli [corrected]. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:754-819. [PMID: 26315714 PMCID: PMC4630565 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.010454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin angiotensin system (RAS) produced hormone peptides regulate many vital body functions. Dysfunctional signaling by receptors for RAS peptides leads to pathologic states. Nearly half of humanity today would likely benefit from modern drugs targeting these receptors. The receptors for RAS peptides consist of three G-protein-coupled receptors—the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1 receptor), the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2 receptor), the MAS receptor—and a type II trans-membrane zinc protein—the candidate angiotensin IV receptor (AngIV binding site). The prorenin receptor is a relatively new contender for consideration, but is not included here because the role of prorenin receptor as an independent endocrine mediator is presently unclear. The full spectrum of biologic characteristics of these receptors is still evolving, but there is evidence establishing unique roles of each receptor in cardiovascular, hemodynamic, neurologic, renal, and endothelial functions, as well as in cell proliferation, survival, matrix-cell interaction, and inflammation. Therapeutic agents targeted to these receptors are either in active use in clinical intervention of major common diseases or under evaluation for repurposing in many other disorders. Broad-spectrum influence these receptors produce in complex pathophysiological context in our body highlights their role as precise interpreters of distinctive angiotensinergic peptide cues. This review article summarizes findings published in the last 15 years on the structure, pharmacology, signaling, physiology, and disease states related to angiotensin receptors. We also discuss the challenges the pharmacologist presently faces in formally accepting newer members as established angiotensin receptors and emphasize necessary future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadashiva S Karnik
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Hamiyet Unal
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Jacqueline R Kemp
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Kalyan C Tirupula
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Patrick M L Vanderheyden
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Walter G Thomas
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
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McCarthy CA, Facey LJ, Widdop RE. The protective arms of the renin-angiontensin system in stroke. Curr Hypertens Rep 2015; 16:440. [PMID: 24816974 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-014-0440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It is quite well established that activation of the so-called protective arms of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), involving both AT2 and Mas receptors, provides a counter-regulatory role to AT1 receptor overactivity that may drive pathological changes in the cardiovascular system. In this brief review, we will focus on recent evidence that identifies at least three different pathways that may be effective in the setting of stroke and may be complementary with AT1 receptor blockade. Such mechanisms include AT2 receptor stimulation, Mas receptor stimulation and insulin-regulated aminopeptidase blockade. This report highlights recent data demonstrating striking neuroprotective effects in preclinical models of stroke targeting each of these pathways, which may pave the way for translational opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Direct angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) stimulation attenuates T-cell and microglia activation and prevents demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 128:95-109. [PMID: 25052203 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated stimulation of the angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) by the selective non-peptide agonist Compound 21 (C21) as a novel therapeutic concept for the treatment of multiple sclerosis using the model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. C57BL-6 mice were immunized with myelin-oligodendrocyte peptide and treated for 4 weeks with C21 (0.3 mg/kg/day i.p.). Potential effects on myelination, microglia and T-cell composition were estimated by immunostaining and FACS analyses of lumbar spinal cords. The in vivo study was complemented by experiments in aggregating brain cell cultures and microglia in vitro. In the EAE model, treatment with C21 ameliorated microglia activation and decreased the number of total T-cells and CD4+ T-cells in the spinal cord. Fluorescent myelin staining of spinal cords further revealed a significant reduction in EAE-induced demyelinated areas in lumbar spinal cord tissue after AT2R stimulation. C21-treated mice had a significantly better neurological score than vehicle-treated controls. In aggregating brain cell cultures challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon-γ (IFNγ), AT2R stimulation prevented demyelination, accelerated re-myelination and reduced the number of microglia. Cytokine synthesis and nitric oxide production by microglia in vitro were significantly reduced after C21 treatment. These results suggest that AT2R stimulation protects the myelin sheaths in autoimmune central nervous system inflammation by inhibiting the T-cell response and microglia activation. Our findings identify the AT2R as a potential new pharmacological target for demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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25
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Namsolleck P, Recarti C, Foulquier S, Steckelings UM, Unger T. AT(2) receptor and tissue injury: therapeutic implications. Curr Hypertens Rep 2014; 16:416. [PMID: 24414230 PMCID: PMC3906548 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-013-0416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the initiation and progression of tissue injuries in the cardiovascular and nervous systems. The detrimental actions of the AT1 receptor (AT1R) in hypertension and vascular injury, myocardial infarction and brain ischemia are well established. In the past twenty years, protective actions of the RAS, not only in the cardiovascular, but also in the nervous system, have been demonstrated. The so-called protective arm of the RAS includes AT2-receptors and Mas receptors (AT2R and MasR) and is characterized by effects different from and often opposing those of the AT1R. These include anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, anti-apoptosis and neuroregeneration that can counterbalance pathological processes and enable recovery from disease. The recent development of novel, small-molecule AT2R agonists offers a therapeutic potential in humans with a variety of clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Namsolleck
- CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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26
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Min LJ, Mogi M, Tsukuda K, Jing F, Ohshima K, Nakaoka H, Kan-No H, Wang XL, Chisaka T, Bai HY, Iwanami J, Horiuchi M. Direct stimulation of angiotensin II type 2 receptor initiated after stroke ameliorates ischemic brain damage. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:1036-44. [PMID: 24572705 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability; however, meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of blood pressure-lowering drugs in acute stroke has shown no definite evidence of a beneficial effect on functional outcome. Accumulating evidence suggests that angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade with angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor stimulation could contribute to protection against ischemic brain damage. We examined the possibility that direct AT2 receptor stimulation by compound 21 (C21) initiated even after stroke can prevent ischemic brain damage. METHODS Stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion, and the area of cerebral infarction was measured by magnetic resonant imaging. C21 (10 µg/kg/day) treatment was initiated immediately after MCA occlusion by intraperitoneal injection followed by treatment with C21 once daily. RESULTS We observed that ischemic area was enlarged in a time dependent fashion and decreased on day 5 after MCA occlusion. Treatment with C21 initiated after MCA occlusion significantly reduced the ischemic area, with improvement of neurological deficit in a time-dependent manner without affecting blood pressure. The decrease of cerebral blood flow after MCA occlusion was also ameliorated by C21 treatment. Moreover, treatment with C21 significantly attenuated superoxide anion production and expression of proinflammatory cytokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and tumor necrosis factor α. Interestingly, C21 administration significantly decreased blood-brain barrier permeability and cerebral edema on the ischemic side. CONCLUSIONS These results provide new evidence that direct AT2 receptor stimulation with C21 is a novel therapeutic approach to prevent ischemic brain damage after acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Min
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masaki Mogi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kana Tsukuda
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Fei Jing
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kousei Ohshima
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Nakaoka
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Harumi Kan-No
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Chisaka
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hui-Yu Bai
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jun Iwanami
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Horiuchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan.
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27
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Bundschu K, Schuh K. Cardiovascular ATIP (Angiotensin receptor type 2 interacting protein) expression in mouse development. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:699-711. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Bundschu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Kai Schuh
- Institute of Physiology; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
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28
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Iwanami J, Mogi M, Tsukuda K, Jing F, Ohshima K, Wang XL, Nakaoka H, Kan-no H, Chisaka T, Bai HY, Min LJ, Horiuchi M. Possible synergistic effect of direct angiotensin II type 2 receptor stimulation by compound 21 with memantine on prevention of cognitive decline in type 2 diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 724:9-15. [PMID: 24361310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is known to be associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment including Alzheimer disease. Recent studies have suggested an interaction between angiotensin II and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) glutamate receptors. We previously reported that stimulation of the angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor exerts brain protective effects. A newly developed AT2 receptor agonist, compound 21 (C21), has enabled examination of the direct effect of AT2 receptor stimulation in vivo. Accordingly, we examined the possible synergistic effect of C21 and memantine on cognitive impairment in T2DM mice, KKAy. KKAy were divided into four groups; (1) control, (2) treatment with C21 (10 μg/kg/day), (3) treatment with memantine (20mg/kg/day), and (4) treatment with both for 4 weeks, and subjected to Morris water maze tasks. Treatment with C21 or memantine alone at these doses tended to shorten escape latency compared to that in the control group. C21 treatment increased cerebral blood flow (CBF), but memantine did not influence CBF. Treatment with C21 or C21 plus memantine increased hippocampal field-excitatory postsynaptic potential (f-EPSP). Moreover, treatment with memantine or C21 increased acetylcholine level, which was lower in KKAy than in wild-type mice, and C21 plus memantine treatment enhanced memantine or C21-induced acetylcholine secretion. This study provides an insight into new approaches to understand the interaction of angiotensin II and neurotransmitters. We can anticipate a new therapeutic approach against cognitive decline using C21 and memantine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Iwanami
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Masaki Mogi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kana Tsukuda
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Fei Jing
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kousei Ohshima
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Nakaoka
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Harumi Kan-no
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Chisaka
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hui-Yu Bai
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Li-Juan Min
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Horiuchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
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Wegman-Ostrosky T, Soto-Reyes E, Vidal-Millán S, Sánchez-Corona J. The renin-angiotensin system meets the hallmarks of cancer. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2013; 16:227-33. [PMID: 23934336 DOI: 10.1177/1470320313496858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmarks of cancer are described as the distinctive and complementary capacities that cells must acquire during the multistep development of becoming a cancer cell that allow them to survive, proliferate and disseminate. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was first discovered and extensively studied in the physiological regulation of systemic arterial pressure. RAS signalling increases cell proliferation in malignancy by directly affecting tumour and stromal cells and by indirectly modulating the growth of vascular cells during angiogenesis. We aim to describe and give a general view of how the RAS is involved in several hallmarks of cancer and how this could open a window to several interesting treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, División de Investigación, México Universidad de Guadalajara, Instituto de Génetica Humana, México
| | | | | | - José Sánchez-Corona
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Instituto de Génetica Humana, México Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, México
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Sumners C, Horiuchi M, Widdop RE, McCarthy C, Unger T, Steckelings UM. Protective arms of the renin-angiotensin-system in neurological disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 40:580-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Sumners
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Masatsugu Horiuchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology; Ehime University; Ehime Japan
| | - Robert E Widdop
- Department of Pharmacology; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Claudia McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Thomas Unger
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM); Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Ulrike M Steckelings
- Institute of Molecular Medicine; Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Physiology; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
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Galashevskaya A, Sarno A, Vågbø CB, Aas PA, Hagen L, Slupphaug G, Krokan HE. A robust, sensitive assay for genomic uracil determination by LC/MS/MS reveals lower levels than previously reported. DNA Repair (Amst) 2013; 12:699-706. [PMID: 23742752 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in understanding the origins of genomic uracil and its role in genome stability and host defense; however, the main question concerning the basal level of uracil in DNA remains disputed. Results from assays designed to quantify genomic uracil vary by almost three orders of magnitude. To address the issues leading to this inconsistency, we explored possible shortcomings with existing methods and developed a sensitive LC/MS/MS-based method for the absolute quantification of genomic 2'-deoxyuridine (dUrd). To this end, DNA was enzymatically hydrolyzed to 2'-deoxyribonucleosides and dUrd was purified in a preparative HPLC step and analyzed by LC/MS/MS. The standard curve was linear over four orders of magnitude with a quantification limit of 5 fmol dUrd. Control samples demonstrated high inter-experimental accuracy (94.3%) and precision (CV 9.7%). An alternative method that employed UNG2 to excise uracil from DNA for LC/MS/MS analysis gave similar results, but the intra-assay variability was significantly greater. We quantified genomic dUrd in Ung(+/+) and Ung(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human lymphoblastoid cell lines carrying UNG mutations. DNA-dUrd is 5-fold higher in Ung(-/-) than in Ung(+/+) fibroblasts and 11-fold higher in UNG2 dysfunctional than in UNG2 functional lymphoblastoid cells. We report approximately 400-600 dUrd per human or murine genome in repair-proficient cells, which is lower than results using other methods and suggests that genomic uracil levels may have previously been overestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Galashevskaya
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway
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Chao J, Yang L, Buch S, Gao L. Angiotensin II increased neuronal stem cell proliferation: role of AT2R. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63488. [PMID: 23691054 PMCID: PMC3655161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II), known a potent vasoactive substance in the renin-angiotensin system in the brain, plays a critical role in systemic blood pressure control. However, increasing evidence indicated that the physiological role of Ang II go beyond its vasoactive effect. In the present study, we demonstrated that Ang II type-1 receptor (AT1R) and type-2 receptor (AT2R) were expressed in primary rat hippocampal neuronal stem cells (NSCs). Treatment of rat hippocampal NSCs with Ang II increased cell proliferation. Pretreatment of NSCs with specific AT2R, but not AT1R, antagonist significantly suppressed Ang II-induced cell proliferation. Furthermore, Ang II stimulated ERK and Akt phosphorylation in NSCs. Pretreatment of MEK inhibitor, but not PI3K inhibitor, inhibited Ang II-induced ERK phosphorylation as well as cell proliferation. In addition, stimulation of NSCs with Ang II decreased expression of KV 1.2/KV 3.1 channels and blocked K+ currents which lie downstream of ERK activation. Taken together, these findings underpin the role of AT2R as a novel target that regulates cell proliferation mediated by Ang II with implications for therapeutic intervention for regulation of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chao
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Lie Gao
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Varghayee N, Krezel MA, Rezmann L, Chow L, Frauman AG, Louis WJ, Louis SN. Function and expression of ATIP and its variants in cardiomyoblast cell line H9c2. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2013; 16:79-91. [PMID: 23559668 DOI: 10.1177/1470320313483845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Cardiac hypertrophy in myocytes is in part regulated by changes in expression of a novel Ang II type 2 receptor (AT2-receptor) interacting protein identified as ATIP. INTRODUCTION The role of the AT2-receptor in cardiac hypertrophy is controversial, with some reports indicating that AT2-receptor activation has detrimental effects on disease progression, whereas others indicate that it has a beneficial role. MATERIALS AND METHODS In an effort to unravel this paradox, we examined the expression and function of ATIP in cell-based models of cardiac hypertrophy using QPCR, immunohistochemistry, cell proliferation, morphological and transfection techniques in H9c2 cardio-myoblast and myotubules. RESULTS These studies indicate that in cultured cardio-myoblast and myotubules, Ang II mediates cellular hypertrophy and proliferation solely via the AT1-receptor, the ATIP variants are abundantly expressed and that ATIP3 may play an anti-proliferative/hypertrophic role in these cells in the absence of AT2-receptor expression or activation. CONCLUSIONS Previously ATIP has been shown to inhibit growth factor signalling in cancerous cells via an interaction with the AT2-receptor. This is the first report to identify that ATIP may have a similar role in other disease states characterised by excessive growth and indicates that for ATIP3, at least, an interaction with the AT2-receptor may not be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Varghayee
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Australia
| | - Michael A Krezel
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Australia
| | - Linda Rezmann
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Australia
| | - Laurie Chow
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Australia
| | - Albert George Frauman
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Australia
| | - William J Louis
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Australia
| | - Simon N Louis
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Australia
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Jing F, Mogi M, Min LJ, Ohshima K, Nakaoka H, Tsukuda K, Wang X, Iwanami J, Horiuchi M. Effect of angiotensin II type 2 receptor-interacting protein on adipose tissue function via modulation of macrophage polarization. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60067. [PMID: 23565185 PMCID: PMC3614946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated that angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor-interacting protein (ATIP) 1 ameliorates inflammation-mediated vascular remodeling independent of the AT2 receptor, leading us to explore the possibility of whether ATIP1 could exert anti-inflammatory effects and play a role in other pathophysiological conditions. We examined the possible anti-inflammatory effects of ATIP1 in adipose tissue associated with amelioration of insulin resistance. In mice fed a high-cholesterol diet, adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) infiltration and M1-to-M2 ratio were decreased in ATIP1 transgenic mice (ATIP1-Tg) compared with wild-type mice (WT), with decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in white adipose tissue (WAT), but an increase in interleukin-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Moreover, 2-[3H]deoxy-d-glucose (2-[3H]DG) uptake was significantly increased in ATIP1-Tg compared with WT. Next, we examined the roles of ATIP1 in BM-derived hematopoietic cells, employing chimeric mice produced by BM transplantation into irradiated type 2 diabetic mice with obesity, KKAy, as recipients. ATM infiltration and M1-to-M2 ratio were decreased in ATIP1 chimera (ATIP1-tg as BM donor), with improvement of insulin-mediated 2-[3H]DG uptake and amelioration of inflammation in WAT. Moreover, serum adiponectin concentration in ATIP1 chimera was significantly higher than that in WT chimera (WT as BM donor) and KKAy chimera (KKAy as BM donor). These results indicate that ATIP1 could exert anti-inflammatory effects in adipose tissue via macrophage polarization associated with improvement of insulin resistance, and ATIP1 in hematopoietic cells may contribute to these beneficial effects on adipose tissue functions in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jing
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masaki Mogi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Li-Juan Min
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kousei Ohshima
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Nakaoka
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kana Tsukuda
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jun Iwanami
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Horiuchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Scabora JE, de Lima MC, Lopes A, de Lima IP, Mesquita FF, Torres DB, Boer PA, Gontijo JAR. Impact of taurine supplementation on blood pressure in gestational protein-restricted offspring: Effect on the medial solitary tract nucleus cell numbers, angiotensin receptors, and renal sodium handling. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2013; 16:47-58. [PMID: 23468165 DOI: 10.1177/1470320313481255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study considers changes of the postnatal brainstem cell number and angiotensin receptors by maternal protein restriction (LP) and LP taurine supplementation (LPT), and its impact on arterial hypertension development in adult life. METHODS AND RESULTS The brain tissue studies were performed by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and isotropic fractionator analysis. The current study shows that elevated blood pressure associated with decreased fractional urinary sodium excretion (FENa) in adult LP offspring was reverted by diet taurine supplementation. Also, that 12-day-old LP pups present a reduction of 21% of brainstem neuron counts, and, immunohistochemistry demonstrates a decreased expression of type 1 angiotensin II receptors (AT1R) in the entire medial solitary tract nuclei (nTS) of 16-week-old LP rats compared to age-matched NP and LPT offspring. Conversely, the immunostained type 2 AngII (AT2R) receptors in 16-week-old LP nTS were unchanged. CONCLUSION The present investigation shows a decreased FENa that occurs despite unchanged creatinine clearance. It is plausible to hypothesize an association of decreased postnatal nTS cell number, AT1R/AT2R ratio and FENa with the higher blood pressure levels found in taurine-deficient progeny (LP) compared with age-matched NP and LPT offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Eduardo Scabora
- Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidro-Salino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Cardoso de Lima
- Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidro-Salino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Agnes Lopes
- Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidro-Salino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ize Penhas de Lima
- Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidro-Salino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Fernandes Mesquita
- Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidro-Salino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Bráz Torres
- Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidro-Salino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Aline Boer
- Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidro-Salino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Antonio Rocha Gontijo
- Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidro-Salino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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36
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AT2 Receptor-Interacting Proteins ATIPs in the Brain. Int J Hypertens 2013; 2013:513047. [PMID: 23431421 PMCID: PMC3566609 DOI: 10.1155/2013/513047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A complete renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is locally expressed in the brain and fulfills important functions. Angiotensin II, the major biologically active peptide of the RAS, acts via binding to two main receptor subtypes designated AT1 and AT2. The present paper focuses on AT2 receptors, which have been reported to have neuroprotective effects on stroke, degenerative diseases, and cognitive functions. Our group has identified a family of AT2 receptor interacting proteins (ATIPs) comprising three major members (ATIP1, ATIP3, and ATIP4) with different intracellular localization. Of interest, all ATIP members are expressed in brain tissues and carry a conserved domain able to interact with the AT2 receptor intracellular tail, suggesting a role in AT2-mediated brain functions. We summarize here current knowledge on the ATIP family of proteins, and we present new experimental evidence showing interaction defects between ATIP1 and two mutant forms of the AT2 receptor identified in cases of mental retardation. These studies point to a functional role of the AT2/ATIP1 axis in cognition.
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37
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Guimond MO, Wallinder C, Alterman M, Hallberg A, Gallo-Payet N. Comparative functional properties of two structurally similar selective nonpeptide drug-like ligands for the angiotensin II type-2 (AT2) receptor. Effects on neurite outgrowth in NG108-15 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 699:160-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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38
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The Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor in Brain Functions: An Update. Int J Hypertens 2012; 2012:351758. [PMID: 23320146 PMCID: PMC3540774 DOI: 10.1155/2012/351758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the main active product of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), mediating its action via two major receptors, namely, the Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor and the type 2 (AT2) receptor. Recent results also implicate several other members of the renin-angiotensin system in various aspects of brain functions. The first aim of this paper is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the properties and signaling of the AT2 receptor, its expression in the brain, and its well-established effects. Secondly, we will highlight the potential role of the AT2 receptor in cognitive function, neurological disorders and in the regulation of appetite and the possible link with development of metabolic disorders. The potential utility of novel nonpeptide selective AT2 receptor ligands in clarifying potential roles of this receptor in physiology will also be discussed. If confirmed, these new pharmacological tools should help to improve impaired cognitive performance, not only through its action on brain microcirculation and inflammation, but also through more specific effects on neurons. However, the overall physiological relevance of the AT2 receptor in the brain must also consider the Ang IV/AT4 receptor.
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39
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Roles of Brain Angiotensin II in Cognitive Function and Dementia. Int J Hypertens 2012; 2012:169649. [PMID: 23304450 PMCID: PMC3529904 DOI: 10.1155/2012/169649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been highlighted as having a pathological role in stroke, dementia, and neurodegenerative disease. Particularly, in dementia, epidemiological studies indicate a preventive effect of RAS blockade on cognitive impairment in Alzheimer disease (AD). Moreover, basic experiments suggest a role of brain angiotensin II in neural injury, neuroinflammation, and cognitive function and that RAS blockade attenuates cognitive impairment in rodent dementia models of AD. Therefore, RAS regulation is expected to have therapeutic potential for AD. Here, we discuss the role of angiotensin II in cognitive impairment and AD. Angiotensin II binds to the type 2 receptor (AT2) and works mainly by binding with the type 1 receptor (AT1). AT2 receptor signaling plays a role in protection against multiple-organ damage. A direct AT2 receptor agonist is now available and is expected to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress and enhance cell differentiation. We and other groups reported that AT2 receptor activation enhances neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth in the brain. Here, we also review the effect of the AT2 receptor on cognitive function. RAS modulation may be a new therapeutic option for dementia including AD in the future.
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40
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McCarthy CA, Vinh A, Broughton BRS, Sobey CG, Callaway JK, Widdop RE. Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Stimulation Initiated After Stroke Causes Neuroprotection in Conscious Rats. Hypertension 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.199646 and 1880=1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that pretreatment with an angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT
2
R) agonist is neuroprotective against a subsequent stroke independent of any changes in blood pressure. Therefore, in the current study, we have examined the potential neuroprotective effect of AT
2
R stimulation initiated after stroke induction to mimic the clinical setting. Intracerebroventricular administration of the AT
2
R agonist CGP42112 was commenced 6 hours after an ischemic stroke had been induced in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. CGP42112 given over 4 doses in the same rats (3 µg/kg per dose centrally) at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after stroke induction reduced total infarct volume (32±13 mm
3
versus vehicle, 170±49 mm
3
;
P
<0.05) and improved motor function. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that AT
2
R stimulation after stroke increased neuronal survival, decreased apoptosis, and caused an increase in the number of activated microglia in the core region of damage. The effects of CGP42112 were partially reversed with the coadministration of an AT
2
R antagonist, PD123319. Thus, the current study has shown for the first time that delayed central AT
2
R stimulation after a cerebral incident is neuroprotective in a conscious rat model of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A. McCarthy
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Antony Vinh
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Brad R. S. Broughton
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Jennifer K. Callaway
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Robert E. Widdop
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
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41
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McCarthy CA, Vinh A, Broughton BRS, Sobey CG, Callaway JK, Widdop RE. Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Stimulation Initiated After Stroke Causes Neuroprotection in Conscious Rats. Hypertension 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.199646 order by 8029-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that pretreatment with an angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT
2
R) agonist is neuroprotective against a subsequent stroke independent of any changes in blood pressure. Therefore, in the current study, we have examined the potential neuroprotective effect of AT
2
R stimulation initiated after stroke induction to mimic the clinical setting. Intracerebroventricular administration of the AT
2
R agonist CGP42112 was commenced 6 hours after an ischemic stroke had been induced in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. CGP42112 given over 4 doses in the same rats (3 µg/kg per dose centrally) at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after stroke induction reduced total infarct volume (32±13 mm
3
versus vehicle, 170±49 mm
3
;
P
<0.05) and improved motor function. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that AT
2
R stimulation after stroke increased neuronal survival, decreased apoptosis, and caused an increase in the number of activated microglia in the core region of damage. The effects of CGP42112 were partially reversed with the coadministration of an AT
2
R antagonist, PD123319. Thus, the current study has shown for the first time that delayed central AT
2
R stimulation after a cerebral incident is neuroprotective in a conscious rat model of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A. McCarthy
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Antony Vinh
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Brad R. S. Broughton
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Jennifer K. Callaway
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Robert E. Widdop
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
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42
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McCarthy CA, Vinh A, Broughton BRS, Sobey CG, Callaway JK, Widdop RE. Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Stimulation Initiated After Stroke Causes Neuroprotection in Conscious Rats. Hypertension 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.199646 order by 8029-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that pretreatment with an angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT
2
R) agonist is neuroprotective against a subsequent stroke independent of any changes in blood pressure. Therefore, in the current study, we have examined the potential neuroprotective effect of AT
2
R stimulation initiated after stroke induction to mimic the clinical setting. Intracerebroventricular administration of the AT
2
R agonist CGP42112 was commenced 6 hours after an ischemic stroke had been induced in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. CGP42112 given over 4 doses in the same rats (3 µg/kg per dose centrally) at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after stroke induction reduced total infarct volume (32±13 mm
3
versus vehicle, 170±49 mm
3
;
P
<0.05) and improved motor function. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that AT
2
R stimulation after stroke increased neuronal survival, decreased apoptosis, and caused an increase in the number of activated microglia in the core region of damage. The effects of CGP42112 were partially reversed with the coadministration of an AT
2
R antagonist, PD123319. Thus, the current study has shown for the first time that delayed central AT
2
R stimulation after a cerebral incident is neuroprotective in a conscious rat model of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A. McCarthy
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Antony Vinh
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Brad R. S. Broughton
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Jennifer K. Callaway
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Robert E. Widdop
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
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43
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McCarthy CA, Vinh A, Broughton BRS, Sobey CG, Callaway JK, Widdop RE. Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Stimulation Initiated After Stroke Causes Neuroprotection in Conscious Rats. Hypertension 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.199646 order by 1-- gadu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that pretreatment with an angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT
2
R) agonist is neuroprotective against a subsequent stroke independent of any changes in blood pressure. Therefore, in the current study, we have examined the potential neuroprotective effect of AT
2
R stimulation initiated after stroke induction to mimic the clinical setting. Intracerebroventricular administration of the AT
2
R agonist CGP42112 was commenced 6 hours after an ischemic stroke had been induced in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. CGP42112 given over 4 doses in the same rats (3 µg/kg per dose centrally) at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after stroke induction reduced total infarct volume (32±13 mm
3
versus vehicle, 170±49 mm
3
;
P
<0.05) and improved motor function. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that AT
2
R stimulation after stroke increased neuronal survival, decreased apoptosis, and caused an increase in the number of activated microglia in the core region of damage. The effects of CGP42112 were partially reversed with the coadministration of an AT
2
R antagonist, PD123319. Thus, the current study has shown for the first time that delayed central AT
2
R stimulation after a cerebral incident is neuroprotective in a conscious rat model of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A. McCarthy
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Antony Vinh
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Brad R. S. Broughton
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Jennifer K. Callaway
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Robert E. Widdop
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
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McCarthy CA, Vinh A, Broughton BRS, Sobey CG, Callaway JK, Widdop RE. Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Stimulation Initiated After Stroke Causes Neuroprotection in Conscious Rats. Hypertension 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.199646 order by 8029-- awyx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that pretreatment with an angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT
2
R) agonist is neuroprotective against a subsequent stroke independent of any changes in blood pressure. Therefore, in the current study, we have examined the potential neuroprotective effect of AT
2
R stimulation initiated after stroke induction to mimic the clinical setting. Intracerebroventricular administration of the AT
2
R agonist CGP42112 was commenced 6 hours after an ischemic stroke had been induced in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. CGP42112 given over 4 doses in the same rats (3 µg/kg per dose centrally) at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after stroke induction reduced total infarct volume (32±13 mm
3
versus vehicle, 170±49 mm
3
;
P
<0.05) and improved motor function. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that AT
2
R stimulation after stroke increased neuronal survival, decreased apoptosis, and caused an increase in the number of activated microglia in the core region of damage. The effects of CGP42112 were partially reversed with the coadministration of an AT
2
R antagonist, PD123319. Thus, the current study has shown for the first time that delayed central AT
2
R stimulation after a cerebral incident is neuroprotective in a conscious rat model of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A. McCarthy
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Antony Vinh
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Brad R. S. Broughton
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Jennifer K. Callaway
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Robert E. Widdop
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
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45
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McCarthy CA, Vinh A, Broughton BRS, Sobey CG, Callaway JK, Widdop RE. Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Stimulation Initiated After Stroke Causes Neuroprotection in Conscious Rats. Hypertension 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.199646 order by 1-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that pretreatment with an angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT
2
R) agonist is neuroprotective against a subsequent stroke independent of any changes in blood pressure. Therefore, in the current study, we have examined the potential neuroprotective effect of AT
2
R stimulation initiated after stroke induction to mimic the clinical setting. Intracerebroventricular administration of the AT
2
R agonist CGP42112 was commenced 6 hours after an ischemic stroke had been induced in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. CGP42112 given over 4 doses in the same rats (3 µg/kg per dose centrally) at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after stroke induction reduced total infarct volume (32±13 mm
3
versus vehicle, 170±49 mm
3
;
P
<0.05) and improved motor function. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that AT
2
R stimulation after stroke increased neuronal survival, decreased apoptosis, and caused an increase in the number of activated microglia in the core region of damage. The effects of CGP42112 were partially reversed with the coadministration of an AT
2
R antagonist, PD123319. Thus, the current study has shown for the first time that delayed central AT
2
R stimulation after a cerebral incident is neuroprotective in a conscious rat model of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A. McCarthy
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Antony Vinh
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Brad R. S. Broughton
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Jennifer K. Callaway
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Robert E. Widdop
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
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46
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McCarthy CA, Vinh A, Broughton BRS, Sobey CG, Callaway JK, Widdop RE. Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Stimulation Initiated After Stroke Causes Neuroprotection in Conscious Rats. Hypertension 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.199646 order by 1-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that pretreatment with an angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT
2
R) agonist is neuroprotective against a subsequent stroke independent of any changes in blood pressure. Therefore, in the current study, we have examined the potential neuroprotective effect of AT
2
R stimulation initiated after stroke induction to mimic the clinical setting. Intracerebroventricular administration of the AT
2
R agonist CGP42112 was commenced 6 hours after an ischemic stroke had been induced in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. CGP42112 given over 4 doses in the same rats (3 µg/kg per dose centrally) at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after stroke induction reduced total infarct volume (32±13 mm
3
versus vehicle, 170±49 mm
3
;
P
<0.05) and improved motor function. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that AT
2
R stimulation after stroke increased neuronal survival, decreased apoptosis, and caused an increase in the number of activated microglia in the core region of damage. The effects of CGP42112 were partially reversed with the coadministration of an AT
2
R antagonist, PD123319. Thus, the current study has shown for the first time that delayed central AT
2
R stimulation after a cerebral incident is neuroprotective in a conscious rat model of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A. McCarthy
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Antony Vinh
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Brad R. S. Broughton
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Jennifer K. Callaway
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
| | - Robert E. Widdop
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.A.M., A.V., B.R.S.B., C.G.S., R.E.W.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.K.C.)
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47
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McCarthy CA, Vinh A, Broughton BRS, Sobey CG, Callaway JK, Widdop RE. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor stimulation initiated after stroke causes neuroprotection in conscious rats. Hypertension 2012; 60:1531-7. [PMID: 23090772 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.199646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that pretreatment with an angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT(2)R) agonist is neuroprotective against a subsequent stroke independent of any changes in blood pressure. Therefore, in the current study, we have examined the potential neuroprotective effect of AT(2)R stimulation initiated after stroke induction to mimic the clinical setting. Intracerebroventricular administration of the AT(2)R agonist CGP42112 was commenced 6 hours after an ischemic stroke had been induced in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. CGP42112 given over 4 doses in the same rats (3 µg/kg per dose centrally) at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after stroke induction reduced total infarct volume (32 ± 13 mm(3) versus vehicle, 170 ± 49 mm(3); P<0.05) and improved motor function. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that AT(2)R stimulation after stroke increased neuronal survival, decreased apoptosis, and caused an increase in the number of activated microglia in the core region of damage. The effects of CGP42112 were partially reversed with the coadministration of an AT(2)R antagonist, PD123319. Thus, the current study has shown for the first time that delayed central AT(2)R stimulation after a cerebral incident is neuroprotective in a conscious rat model of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Jiang L, Teng GMK, Chan EYM, Au SWN, Wise H, Lee SST, Cheung WT. Impact of cell type and epitope tagging on heterologous expression of G protein-coupled receptor: a systematic study on angiotensin type II receptor. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47016. [PMID: 23056563 PMCID: PMC3466278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite heterologous expression of epitope-tagged GPCR is widely adopted for functional characterization, there is lacking of systematic analysis of the impact of expression host and epitope tag on GPCR expression. Angiotensin type II (AT2) receptor displays agonist-dependent and -independent activities, coupling to a spectrum of signaling molecules. However, consensus has not been reached on the subcellular distributions, signaling cascades and receptor-mediated actions. To examine the contributions of host cell and epitope tag on receptor expression and activity, epitope-tagged AT2 receptor variants were transiently or stably expressed in HEK293, CHO-K1 and PC12 cells. The epitope-tagged AT2 receptor variants were detected both on the cell membrane and in the perinuclear region. In transiently transfected HEK293 cells, Myc-AT2 existed predominantly as monomer. Additionally, a ladder of ubiquitinated AT2 receptor proteins was detected. By contrast, stably expressed epitope-tagged AT2 receptor variants existed as both monomer and high molecular weight complexes, and the latter was enriched in cell surface. Glycosylation promoted cell surface expression of Myc-AT2 but had no effect on AT2-GFP in HEK293 cells. In cells that stably expressed Myc-AT2, serum starvation induced apoptosis in CHO-K1 cells but not in HEK293 or PC12 cells. Instead, HEK293 and PC12 cells stably expressing Myc-AT2 exhibited partial cell cycle arrest with cells accumulating at G1 and S phases, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that expression levels, subcellular distributions and ligand-independent constitutive activities of AT2 receptor were cell type-dependent while posttranslational processing of nascent AT2 receptor protein was modulated by epitope tag and mode of expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gladys M. K. Teng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Elaine Y. M. Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shannon W. N. Au
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Helen Wise
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Susanna S. T. Lee
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail: (WTC); (SL)
| | - Wing-Tai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail: (WTC); (SL)
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49
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de Lima MC, Scabora JE, Lopes A, Mesquita FF, Torres D, Boer PA, Gontijo JAR. Early changes of hypothalamic angiotensin II receptors expression in gestational protein-restricted offspring: effect on water intake, blood pressure and renal sodium handling. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2012; 14:271-82. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320312456328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Cardoso de Lima
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Scabora
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
| | - Agnes Lopes
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
| | - Flávia Fernandes Mesquita
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniele Torres
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Aline Boer
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Antonio Rocha Gontijo
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
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50
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Mogi M, Horiuchi M. Effect of angiotensin II type 2 receptor on stroke, cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 13:13-8. [PMID: 22726823 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, we briefly review the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative disease, mainly discussing our experimental studies on the angiotensin II type 2 (AT(2)) receptor. Ischemic brain damage is enhanced in mice with overexpression of angiotensin II, with reduced cerebral blood flow in the penumbra and an increase in oxidative stress in the ischemic area. Angiotensin II binds two types of receptors, type 1 (AT(1)) and type 2 (AT(2)). Our previous experiments showed that AT(1) receptor signaling has a harmful effect, and AT(2) receptor signaling has a protective effect on the brain after stroke. AT(2) receptor signaling in bone marrow stromal cells or hematopoietic cells was shown to prevent ischemic brain damage after middle cerebral artery occlusion. In contrast, AT(2) receptor signaling also affects cognitive function. We showed that direct stimulation of the AT(2) receptor by a newly generated direct AT(2) receptor agonist, Compound 21 (C21), enhanced cognitive function in wild-type (C57BL6) mice and an Alzheimer's disease mouse model with intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid β (1-40). Finally, we carried out clinical research by investigating the levels of RAS components in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. We observed a reduction of angiotensin II and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2 levels, and an increase in ACE level in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with multiple sclerosis. These results suggest that RAS is also involved in neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, regulation of RAS might be a new therapeutic target to protect neurons from neural diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Mogi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.
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