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Fang X, Nie L, Putluri S, Ni N, Bartholin L, Li Q. Sertoli Cell-Specific Activation of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 1 Leads to Testicular Granulosa Cell Tumor Formation. Cells 2023; 12:2717. [PMID: 38067144 PMCID: PMC10706251 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily, consisting of protein ligands, receptors, and intracellular SMAD transducers, regulates fundamental biological processes and cancer development. Our previous study has shown that sustained activation of TGFβ receptor 1 (TGFBR1) driven by anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2 (Amhr2)-Cre in the mouse testis induces the formation of testicular granulosa cell tumors (TGCTs). As Amhr2-Cre is expressed in both Sertoli cells and Leydig cells, it remains unclear whether the activation of TGFBR1 in Sertoli cells alone is sufficient to induce TGCT formation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether Sertoli cell-activation of TGFBR1 drives oncogenesis in the testis. Our hypothesis was that overactivation of TGFBR1 in Sertoli cells would promote their transdifferentiation into granulosa-like cells and the formation of TGCTs. To test this hypothesis, we generated mice harboring constitutive activation of TGFBR1 in Sertoli cells using anti-Mullerian hormone (Amh)-Cre. Disorganized seminiferous tubules and tumor nodules were found in TGFBR1CA; Amh-Cre mice. A histological analysis showed that Sertoli cell-specific activation of TGFBR1 led to the development of neoplasms resembling granulosa cell tumors, which derailed spermatogenesis. Moreover, TGCTs expressed granulosa cell markers including FOXL2, FOXO1, and INHA. Using a dual fluorescence reporter line, the membrane-targeted tdTomato (mT)/membrane-targeted EGFP (mG) mouse, we provided evidence that Sertoli cells transdifferentiated toward a granulosa cell fate during tumorigenesis. Thus, our findings indicate that Sertoli cell-specific activation of TGFBR1 leads to the formation of TGCTs, supporting a key contribution of Sertoli cell reprogramming to the development of this testicular malignancy in our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Linfeng Nie
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Satwikreddy Putluri
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Nan Ni
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Laurent Bartholin
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Qinglei Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Albamonte MI, Calabró LY, Albamonte MS, Vitullo AD. FOXO3 and PTEN expression in the ovary of girls with extra-gonadal cancer with or without chemotherapy treatment prior to cryopreservation. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:509. [PMID: 37737182 PMCID: PMC10515424 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02648-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FOXO3/pFOXO3 and PTEN expression is known to regulate the dormancy/activation of ovarian primordial follicles. How chemotherapy could influence the expression of FOXO3 and PTEN in pre- and post-menarcheal girls with extra-gonadal cancer remains unexplored. METHODS Ovarian samples were collected from 27 girls suffering from extra-gonadal cancer. Of these, 8 patients had received chemotherapy before the time of sample collection. Ovarian tissue collected at the time of surgery was fixed in 10% formaldehyde for FOXO3/pFOXO3 and PTEN immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence, or stored at -80 °C for Western blot, or preserved in RNA later for RT-PCR. RESULTS PTEN was detected in a limited number of primordial follicle-enclosed oocytes in approximately fifty percent of the patients, regardless of whether they had received anti-cancer treatment or not. However, there was a significant decrease in PTEN detection in patients who underwent chemotherapy treatment prior to the retrieval of the sample. Both primordial follicle-enclosed oocytes that expressed FOXO3 and those that did not were identified in patients who were treated with chemotherapy and those who were not. FOXO3-positive primordial follicles exhibited either nuclear FOXO3 localization or cytoplasmic pFOXO3 localization. Furthermore, transitional primordial follicles that expressed nuclear FOXO3 and cytoplasmic pFOXO3 were also observed. Primary follicle-enclosed oocytes displayed cytoplasmic pFOXO3 localization, whereas in more advanced stages of folliculogenesis, the expression moved to the somatic stratum. No significant statistical differences were identified in the detection of FOXO3 and pFOXO3 in patients who had or had not received chemotherapy prior to sample collection. CONCLUSION Primordial follicles expressing and not expressing FOXO3 were equally present in both the ovaries of patients who underwent chemotherapy and those who did not. The expression of FOXO3 remained unaltered in response to chemotherapy treatment. Notably, the detection of PTEN was significantly reduced in the treated patients, thereby warranting in-depth investigation, given the limited sample size examined in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Itatí Albamonte
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo -CEBBAD, Universidad Maimónides, Hidalgo 775, C1405BCK, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lara Y Calabró
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo -CEBBAD, Universidad Maimónides, Hidalgo 775, C1405BCK, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta S Albamonte
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo -CEBBAD, Universidad Maimónides, Hidalgo 775, C1405BCK, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo D Vitullo
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo -CEBBAD, Universidad Maimónides, Hidalgo 775, C1405BCK, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Lineage tracing of mutant granulosa cells reveals in vivo protective mechanisms that prevent granulosa cell tumorigenesis. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1235-1246. [PMID: 36823373 PMCID: PMC10154338 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) originate from granulosa cells (GCs) and represent the most common sex cord-stromal tumor in humans. However, the developmental regulations and molecular mechanisms underlying their etiology are largely unknown. In the current study, we combined a multi-fluorescent reporter mouse model with a conditional knockout mouse model, in which the tumor suppressor genes Pten and p27 were deleted in GCs, to perform cell lineage tracing of mutant GCs. We found that only 30% of ovaries with substantial mutant GCs developed into GCTs that derived from a single mutant GC. In-depth molecular analysis of the process of tumorigenesis demonstrated that up-regulation of immune evasion genes Cd24a and Cd47 led, in part, to the transition of mutant GCs to GCTs. Therefore, treatment with the Cd47 inhibitor RRX-001 was tested and found to efficiently suppress the growth of GCTs in vivo. Together, our study has revealed an immune evasion mechanism via CD24/CD47 upregulation to GCT formation, shedding light on the future potential clinical therapies for GCTs.
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Bridges K, Yao HHC, Nicol B. Loss of Runx1 Induces Granulosa Cell Defects and Development of Ovarian Tumors in the Mouse. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214442. [PMID: 36430923 PMCID: PMC9697285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations of the RUNX1 gene are associated with a variety of malignancies, including female-related cancers. The role of RUNX1 as either a tumor suppressor gene or an oncogene is tissue-dependent and varies based on the cancer type. Both the amplification and deletion of the RUNX1 gene have been associated with ovarian cancer in humans. In this study, we investigated the effects of Runx1 loss on ovarian pathogenesis in mice. A conditional loss of Runx1 in the somatic cells of the ovary led to an increased prevalence of ovarian tumors in aged mice. By the age of 15 months, 27% of Runx1 knockout (KO) females developed ovarian tumors that presented characteristics of granulosa cell tumors. While ovaries from young adult mice did not display tumors, they all contained abnormal follicle-like lesions. The granulosa cells composing these follicle-like lesions were quiescent, displayed defects in differentiation and were organized in a rosette-like pattern. The RNA-sequencing analysis further revealed differentially expressed genes in Runx1 KO ovaries, including genes involved in metaplasia, ovarian cancer, epithelial cell development, tight junctions, cell-cell adhesion, and the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Together, this study showed that Runx1 is required for normal granulosa cell differentiation and prevention of ovarian tumor development in mice.
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Li X, Tian B, Liu M, Miao C, Wang D. Adult-type granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3495-3511. [PMID: 36119817 PMCID: PMC9442026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult-type Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Ovary (AGCT) is a relatively rare subtype of ovarian cancer, accounting for 2-4% of all ovarian cancer. AGCT originates from proliferating normal preovulatory granulosa cells (GCs) and retains several features of those GCs. The hormonal features of AGCT explain the clinical manifestations and provide reliable markers for early diagnosis and recurrence prediction of the disease. Most AGCT patients are diagnosed at an early stage and usually demonstrate a better prognosis than patients with other types of ovarian cancer. Surgery is crucial for both initial and post-relapse treatments, whereas adjuvant therapy is still in the exploratory stage. In 2009, a population-based screening makes an exciting step, about 97% of AGCT has somatic missense mutations in the transcription factor FOXL2 gene and the FOXL2 mutation is considered to be a molecular characteristic of AGCT. Unfortunately, the FOXL2 mutation does not fully explain the development of AGCT. Ongoing research is focusing on signalling pathways in the molecular pathogenesis of AGCT to identify the possible pathogenetic factors and signal transduction pathways and provide a theoretical basis for targeted treatment. Postoperative recurrence of ovarian AGCT is common and is associated with a high mortality rate, which necessitates regular follow-up. The life management of postoperative patients is also crucial, which requires multidisciplinary experts to design recurrence treatment from the perspective of patients and implement meaningful treatment measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tian
- Plastic Surgery Institute, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Mengyan Liu
- Taoyuan People’s HospitalChangde 425700, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Miao
- Plastic Surgery Institute, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
- Plastic Surgery Institute, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
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Ni N, Fang X, Mullens DA, Cai JJ, Ivanov I, Bartholin L, Li Q. Transcriptomic Profiling of Gene Expression Associated with Granulosa Cell Tumor Development in a Mouse Model. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092184. [PMID: 35565312 PMCID: PMC9105549 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are rare sex cord-stromal tumors, accounting for ~5% ovarian tumors. The etiology of GCTs remains poorly defined. Genetically engineered mouse models are potentially valuable for understanding the pathogenesis of GCTs. Mice harboring constitutively active TGFβ signaling (TGFBR1-CA) develop ovarian GCTs that phenocopy several hormonal and molecular characteristics of human GCTs. To determine molecular alterations in the ovary upon TGFβ signaling activation, we performed transcriptomic profiling of gene expression associated with GCT development using ovaries from 1-month-old TGFBR1-CA mice and age-matched controls. RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis coupled with the validation of select target genes revealed dysregulations of multiple cellular events and signaling molecules/pathways. The differentially expressed genes are enriched not only for known GCT-related pathways and tumorigenic events but also for signaling events potentially mediated by neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, relaxin signaling, insulin signaling, and complements in TGFBR1-CA ovaries. Additionally, a comparative analysis of our data in mice with genes dysregulated in human GCTs or granulosa cells overexpressing a mutant FOXL2, the genetic hallmark of adult GCTs, identified some common genes altered in both conditions. In summary, this study has revealed the molecular signature of ovarian GCTs in a mouse model that harbors the constitutive activation of TGFBR1. The findings may be further exploited to understand the pathogenesis of a class of poorly defined ovarian tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ni
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (N.N.); (X.F.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (N.N.); (X.F.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Destiny A. Mullens
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.A.M.); (I.I.)
| | - James J. Cai
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (N.N.); (X.F.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.A.M.); (I.I.)
| | - Laurent Bartholin
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France;
- Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Qinglei Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (N.N.); (X.F.); (J.J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-979-862-2009
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Liu B, Guo K. CircRbms1 knockdown alleviates hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury via regulating the miR-742-3p/FOXO1 axis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:31. [PMID: 35346026 PMCID: PMC8962532 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNA (circRNA) has been shown to play an important role in a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI). However, the role of circRbms1 in MI progression remains unclear. Methods An MI mouse model was constructed in vivo, and cardiomyocytes were cultured under hypoxia condition to induce a cardiomyocyte injury model in vitro. The expression levels of circRbms1, microRNA (miR)-742-3p, and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry. Meanwhile, western blot analysis was used to examine the protein levels of apoptosis markers and FOXO1. Additionally, dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down assay, and RIP assay were employed to verify the interactions between miR-742-3p and circRbms1 or FOXO1. Results CircRbms1 was upregulated in the heart tissues of MI mice and hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes. Hypoxia induced cardiomyocyte injury by suppressing cell viability, migration, and invasion, and promoting apoptosis. Function experiments showed that circRbms1 overexpression aggravated hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury, while its silencing relieved cardiomyocyte injury induced by hypoxia. Furthermore, circRbms1 sponged miR-742-3p. MiR-742-3p overexpression alleviated hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury, and its inhibitor reversed the suppressive effect of circRbms1 silencing on hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury. Further experiments showed that FOXO1 was a target of miR-742-3p, and its expression was positively regulated by circRbms1. The inhibitory effect of miR-742-3p on hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury was reversed by FOXO1 overexpression. Conclusion CircRbms1 regulated the miR-742-3p/FOXO1 axis to mediate hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury, suggesting that circRbms1 might be an effective target for MI treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11658-022-00330-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, 20092, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, 20092, Shanghai, China.
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Xiong H, Hu Q, Jiang Q. Protective effects of lidocaine on polycystic ovary syndrome through modulating ovarian granulosa cell physiology via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Cytotechnology 2022; 74:283-292. [PMID: 35464164 PMCID: PMC8975917 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition in women that causes adverse reproductive and metabolic effects. PCOS is a heterogeneous disorder and its pathogenesis is affected by different factors. Thus, the criteria for diagnosing PCOS, disease and availability of treatment options vary widely across different countries. Lidocaine has been proven to inhibit the proliferation of a variety of cancer cell types, and can be used alone or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of numerous types of disease. The present study aimed to determine whether lidocaine was able to reduce human ovarian granulosa cell tumor cell line KGN cell proliferation and provide a novel insight into potential therapeutic strategies for PCOS. KGN cells were treated alone with lidocaine at different concentrations, or with lidocaine and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1; a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway agonist) in combination for 48 h. The proliferative ability of KGN cells was detected using an 3-(45)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-35-di- phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay, and cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. The expression levels of proteins and mRNAs were measured using western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), respectively. The results of the present study revealed that lidocaine significantly suppressed KGN cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Lidocaine significantly downregulated the protein expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-AKT and p-mTOR, but had no effect on their transcriptional levels. Treatment with IGF-1, could reverse the lidocaine-induced abnormal expression of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related proteins. Moreover, treatment with IGF-1 could reverse all the effects of lidocaine on KGN cells. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that lidocaine may inhibit KGN cell proliferation and induce apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. These results revealed the potential inhibitory effect of lidocaine on the proliferation of KGN cells and its underlying mechanism of action, providing a novel insight into potential therapeutic strategies for PCOS.
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9
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Picton HM. Therapeutic Potential of In Vitro-Derived Oocytes for the Restoration and Treatment of Female Fertility. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2022; 10:281-301. [PMID: 34843385 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-020420-030319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made with the development of culture systems for the in vitro growth and maturation (IVGM) of oocytes from the earliest-staged primordial follicles and from the more advanced secondary follicles in rodents, ruminants, nonhuman primates, and humans. Successful oocyte production in vitro depends on the development of a dynamic culture strategy that replicates the follicular microenvironment required for oocyte activation and to support oocyte growth and maturation in vivo while enabling the coordinated and timely acquisition of oocyte developmental competence. Significant heterogeneity exists between the culture protocols used for different stages of follicle development and for different species. To date, the fertile potential of IVGM oocytes derived from primordial follicles has been realized only in mice. Although many technical challenges remain, significant advances have been made, and there is an increasing consensus that complete IVGM will require a dynamic, multiphase culture approach. The production of healthy offspring from in vitro-produced oocytes in a secondary large animal species is a vital next step before IVGM can be tested for therapeutic use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Picton
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom;
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10
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Non-Epithelial Ovarian Cancers: How Much Do We Really Know? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031106. [PMID: 35162125 PMCID: PMC8834485 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-epithelial ovarian cancers (NEOC) are a group of uncommon malignancies that mainly includes germ cell tumours (GCT), sex cord-stromal tumours (SCST), and some extremely rare tumours, such as small cell carcinomas and sarcomas. Each of these classifications encompasses multiple histologic subtypes. The aetiology and molecular origins of each sub-group of NEOC require further investigation, and our understanding on the genetic changes should be optimised. In this article, we provide an update on the clinical presentation, pathology, genetics, treatment and survival of the main histological subtypes of the GCT and the SCST, as well as of ovarian small cell carcinomas. We also discuss miRNA expression profiles of NEOC and report the currently active clinical trials that include NEOC.
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Chen WJ, Cao H, Cao JW, Zuo L, Qu FJ, Xu D, Zhang H, Gong HY, Chen JX, Ye JQ, Gan SS, Zhou W, Zhu DW, Pan XW, Cui XG. Heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment is associated with clinical prognosis of non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a single-cell genomics study. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:50. [PMID: 35017463 PMCID: PMC8752784 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-clear renal cell carcinomas (nccRCCs) are less frequent in kidney cancer with histopathological heterogeneity. A better understanding of the tumor biology of nccRCC can provide more effective treatment paradigms for different subtypes. To reveal the heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment (TME) in nccRCC, we performed 10x sing-cell genomics on tumor and normal tissues from patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC), chromophobe RCC (chrRCC), collecting duct carcinoma (CDRCC) and sarcomatoid RCC (sarRCC). 15 tissue samples were finally included. 34561 cells were identified as 16 major cell clusters with 34 cell subtypes. Our study presented the sing-cell landscape for four types of nccRCC, and demonstrated that CD8+ T cells exhaustion, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and sarcomatoid process were the pivotal factors in immunosuppression of nccRCC tissues and were closely correlated with poor prognosis. Abnormal metabolic patterns were present in both cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating stromal cells, such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Combined with CIBERSORTx tool, the expression data of bulk RNA-seq from TCGA were labeled with cell types of our sing-cell data. Calculation of the relative abundance of cell types revealed that greater proportion of exhausted CD8+ T cells, TAMs and sarRCC derived cells were correlated with poor prognosis in the cohort of 274 nccRCC patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that provides a more comprehensive sight about the heterogeneity and tumor biology of nccRCC, which may potentially facilitate the development of more effective therapies for nccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jin Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Hao Cao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Wei Cao
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fa-Jun Qu
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Hai-Yi Gong
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jia-Xin Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Jian-Qing Ye
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Si-Shun Gan
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Wang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China.,Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiu-Wu Pan
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China. .,Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xin-Gang Cui
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China. .,Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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12
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Chen H, He Y, Wen X, Shao S, Liu Y, Wang J. SOX9: Advances in Gynecological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:768264. [PMID: 34881182 PMCID: PMC8645898 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.768264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors of the SOX family were first discovered in mammals in 1990. The sex-determining region Y box 9 belongs to the SOX transcription factor family. It plays an important role in inducing tissue and cell morphogenesis, survival, and many developmental processes. Furthermore, it has been shown to be an oncogene in many tumors. Gynecological malignancies are tumors that occur in the female reproductive system and seriously threaten the lives of patients. Common gynecological malignancies include ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer. So far, the molecular mechanisms related to the incidence and development of gynecological malignancies remain unclear. This makes it particularly important to discover their common causative molecule and thus provide an effective therapeutic target. In recent years, studies have found that multiple mechanisms are involved in regulating the expression of the sex-determining region Y box 9, leading to the occurrence and development of gynecological malignancies. In this review, we discuss the prognostic value of SOX9 expression and the potential of targeting SOX9 for gynecological malignancy treatment. We also discuss progress regarding the role of SOX9 in gynecological malignancy pathogenesis through its mediation of important mechanisms, including tumor initiation and proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, chemoresistance, and stem cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhu Zhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yujie He
- Designated Ward, Zhu Zhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xiangping Wen
- Department of Operation, Zhu Zhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Shihong Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhu Zhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhu Zhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
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13
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Dai XX, Jiang ZY, Wu YW, Sha QQ, Liu Y, Ding JY, Xi WD, Li J, Fan HY. CNOT6/6L-mediated mRNA degradation in ovarian granulosa cells is a key mechanism of gonadotropin-triggered follicle development. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110007. [PMID: 34788619 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR4-NOT deadenylase is a major regulator of mRNA turnover. It contains two heterogeneous catalytic subunits CNOT7/8 and CNOT6/6L in vertebrates. The physiological function of each catalytic subunit is unclear due to the gene redundancy. In this study, Cnot6/6l double knockout mice are generated. Cnot6l-/- female mice are infertile, with poor ovarian responses to gonadotropins. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the transcription and translation of Cnot6 and Cnot6l in ovarian granulosa cells. CNOT6/6L function as key effectors of FSH in granulosa cells and trigger the clearance of specific transcripts in granulosa cells during preantral to antral follicle transition. These results demonstrate that FSH modulates granulosa cell function by stimulating selective translational activation and degradation of existing mRNAs, in addition to inducing de novo gene transcription. Meanwhile, this study provides in vivo evidence that CNOT6/6L-mediated mRNA deadenylation is dispensable in most somatic cell types, but is essential for female reproductive endocrine regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xing Dai
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhi-Yan Jiang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yun-Wen Wu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian-Qian Sha
- Fertility Preservation Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Jia-Yi Ding
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Wen-Dong Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Heng-Yu Fan
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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14
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Jiménez R, Burgos M, Barrionuevo FJ. Sex Maintenance in Mammals. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12070999. [PMID: 34209938 PMCID: PMC8303465 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The crucial event in mammalian sexual differentiation occurs at the embryonic stage of sex determination, when the bipotential gonads differentiate as either testes or ovaries, according to the sex chromosome constitution of the embryo, XY or XX, respectively. Once differentiated, testes produce sexual hormones that induce the subsequent differentiation of the male reproductive tract. On the other hand, the lack of masculinizing hormones in XX embryos permits the formation of the female reproductive tract. It was long assumed that once the gonad is differentiated, this developmental decision is irreversible. However, several findings in the last decade have shown that this is not the case and that a continuous sex maintenance is needed. Deletion of Foxl2 in the adult ovary lead to ovary-to-testis transdifferentiation and deletion of either Dmrt1 or Sox9/Sox8 in the adult testis induces the opposite process. In both cases, mutant gonads were genetically reprogrammed, showing that both the male program in ovaries and the female program in testes must be actively repressed throughout the individual's life. In addition to these transcription factors, other genes and molecular pathways have also been shown to be involved in this antagonism. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the genetic basis of sex maintenance once the gonad is already differentiated.
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15
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Lin J, Guan L, Ge L, Liu G, Bai Y, Liu X. Nanopore-based full-length transcriptome sequencing of Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) ovary. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101246. [PMID: 34198095 PMCID: PMC8253917 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike mammals, studies on mechanisms that regulate waterfowl ovulation have been rarely reported. To advance our understanding of the ovulation differences in Muscovy duck, we utilized the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) to generate transcriptome data from 3 groups of female duck ovaries with ovulation differences (i.e., preovulation [PO], consecutive ovulation [CO], and inconsecutive ovulation [IO]). In this study, the full-length transcriptome data qualitative analysis showed that a total of 24,504 nonredundant full-length transcripts were generated, 19,060 new transcripts were discovered and 14,848 novel transcripts were successfully annotated. For the quantitative analysis, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the 3 groups were identified and functional properties were characterized. CTNNB1, IGF1, FOXO3, HSPA2, PTEN and SMC4 may be potential hub genes that regulate ovulation. Adhesion-related pathway, mTOR pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway and FoxO signaling pathway have been considered as important pathways that affect follicular development and ovulation. These results provide a more complete data source of full-length transcriptome for the further study of gene expression and genetics in Muscovy duck. The hub genes and potential mechanisms that affect the ovulation of Muscovy duck have been screened out to provide a scientific basis for breeding work to improve the reproduction performance of Muscovy duck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linfei Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liyan Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangyu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujie Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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16
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A cytokine in turmoil: Transforming growth factor beta in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111657. [PMID: 34243626 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the debilitating health threats to mankind in view of its incurable nature. Many factors are complicit in the initiation, progression and establishment of cancers. Early detection of cancer is the only window of hope that allows for appreciable management and possible limited survival. However, understanding of cancer biology and knowledge of the key factors that interplay at multi-level in the initiation and progression of cancer may hold possible avenues for cancer treatment and management. In particular, dysregulation of growth factor signaling such as that of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and its downstream mediators play key roles in various cancer subtypes. Expanded understanding of the context/cell type-dependent roles of TGF-β and its downstream signaling mediators in cancer may provide leads for cancer pharmacotherapy. Reliable information contained in original articles, reviews, mini-reviews and expert opinions on TGF-β, cancer and the specific roles of TGF-β signaling in various cancer subtypes were retrieved from major scientific data bases including PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Web of Science core collections just to mention but a sample by using the following search terms: TGF-β in cancer, TGF-β and colorectal cancer, TGF-β and brain cancer, TGF-β in cancer initiation, TGF-β and cell proliferation, TGF-β and cell invasion, and TGF-β-based cancer therapy. Retrieved information and reports were carefully examined, contextualized and synchronized into a coherent scientific content to highlight the multiple roles of TGF-β signaling in normal and cancerous cells. From a conceptual standpoint, development of pharmacologically active agents that exert non-specific inhibitory effects on TGF-β signaling on various cell types will undoubtedly lead to a plethora of serious side effects in view of the multi-functionality and pleiotropic nature of TGF-β. Such non-specific targeting of TGF-β could derail any beneficial therapeutic intention associated with TGF-β-based therapy. However, development of pharmacologically active agents designed specifically to target TGF-β signaling in cancer cells may improve cancer pharmacotherapy. Similarly, specific targeting of downstream mediators of TGF-β such as TGF-β type 1 and II receptors (TβRI and TβRII), receptor-mediated Smads, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and importing proteins in cancer cells may be crucial for cancer pharmacotherapy.
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17
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Sakalli-Tecim E, Uyar-Arpaci P, Guray NT. Identification of Potential Therapeutic Genes and Pathways in Phytoestrogen Emodin Treated Breast Cancer Cell Lines via Network Biology Approaches. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:592-604. [PMID: 33645356 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1889622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens have been investigated for their potential anti-tumorigenic effects in various cancers including breast cancer. Emodin being a phytoestrogen shows anti-carcinogenic properties especially in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancers. The aim of this study is to identify the molecular mechanism and related biological pathways in both (ER+) MCF-7 and (ER-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines upon Emodin treatment via microarray analysis in order to find out therapeutic biomarkers. In both cell lines, first differentially expressed genes were identified, then gene ontology and functional pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Genes regulated through multiple pathways were studied together with literature and a gene cluster was determined for each cell line. Further GeneMANIA and STRING databases were used to study the interactions within the related gene clusters. The results showed that, the genes which are related to cell cycle were significantly regulated in both cell lines. Also, Forkhead Box O1-related genes were found to be prominent in MCF-7 cells. In MDA-MB-231 cells, spindle attachment checkpoint mechanism-related genes were regulated, remarkably. As a result, novel gene regulations reported in this study in response to Emodin will give more information about its metabolism and antiproliferative effect, especially in ER + cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Sakalli-Tecim
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - N Tulin Guray
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Wetendorf M, Li R, Wu SP, Liu J, Creighton CJ, Wang T, Janardhan KS, Willson CJ, Lanz RB, Murphy BD, Lydon JP, DeMayo FJ. Constitutive expression of progesterone receptor isoforms promotes the development of hormone-dependent ovarian neoplasms. Sci Signal 2020; 13:eaaz9646. [PMID: 33023986 PMCID: PMC10251233 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaz9646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Differences in the relative abundances of the progesterone receptor (PGR) isoforms PGRA and PGRB are often observed in women with reproductive tract cancers. To assess the importance of the PGR isoform ratio in the maintenance of the reproductive tract, we generated mice that overexpress PGRA or PGRB in all PGR-positive tissues. Whereas few PGRA-overexpressing mice developed reproductive tract tumors, all PGRB-overexpressing mice developed ovarian neoplasms that were derived from ovarian luteal cells. Transcriptomic analyses of the ovarian tumors from PGRB-overexpressing mice revealed enhanced AKT signaling and a gene expression signature similar to those of human ovarian and endometrial cancers. Treating PGRB-overexpressing mice with the PGR antagonist RU486 stalled tumor growth and decreased the expression of cell cycle-associated genes, indicating that tumor growth and cell proliferation were hormone dependent in addition to being isoform dependent. Analysis of the PGRB cistrome identified binding events at genes encoding proteins that are critical regulators of mitotic phase entry. This work suggests a mechanism whereby an increase in the abundance of PGRB relative to that of PGRA drives neoplasia in vivo by stimulating cell cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margeaux Wetendorf
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - San-Pin Wu
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Rainer B Lanz
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bruce D Murphy
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - John P Lydon
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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19
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Fang X, Li Q. New insights into testicular granulosa cell tumors. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:293. [PMID: 33101487 PMCID: PMC7576989 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular granulosa cell tumors (TGCTs) are rare tumors of sex cord-stromal origin. TGCTs are mostly benign and can be classified into the adult type and the juvenile type. Due to the rarity of clinical cases and limited research efforts, the mechanism underpinning the development of TGCTs remains poorly understood. A landmark study has identified a forkhead box L2 mutation (C134W) in nearly all adult ovarian GCTs, but its implications in TGCTs are unclear. The present study focuses on reviewing the major signaling pathways (e.g., the transforming growth factor β signaling pathway) critical for the development of TGCTs, as revealed by genetically modified mouse models, with a goal of providing new insights into the pathogenesis of TGCTs and offering directions for future studies in this area. We posit that a comparative approach between testicular and ovarian GCTs is valuable, as granulosa cells and Sertoli cells arise from the same progenitor cells during gonadal development. Developing pre-clinical mouse models that recapitulate TGCTs will help answer the remaining questions around this type of rare tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Qinglei Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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20
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Richards JS. WOMEN IN REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE: Discovering science and the ovary: a career of joy. Reproduction 2020; 158:F69-F80. [PMID: 30780130 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
My career has been about discovering science and learning the joys of the discovery process itself. It has been a challenging but rewarding process filled with many exciting moments and wonderful colleagues and students. Although I went to college to become a French major, I ultimately stumbled into research while pursuing a Masters Degree in teaching. Thus, my research career began in graduate school where I was studying NAD kinase in the ovary as a possible regulator of steroidogenesis, a big issue in the late 1960s. After a short excursion of teaching in North Dakota, I became a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Michigan, where radio-immuno assays and radio receptor assays had just come on the scene and were transforming endocrinology from laborious bioassays to quantitative science and of course these assays related to the ovary. From there I went to Baylor College of Medicine, a mecca of molecular biology, cloning genes and generating mouse models. It has been a fascinating and joyous journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnne S Richards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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21
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Sha QQ, Jiang Y, Yu C, Xiang Y, Dai XX, Jiang JC, Ou XH, Fan HY. CFP1-dependent histone H3K4 trimethylation in murine oocytes facilitates ovarian follicle recruitment and ovulation in a cell-nonautonomous manner. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2997-3012. [PMID: 31676962 PMCID: PMC11104893 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CxxC-finger protein 1 (CFP1)-mediated trimethylated histone H3 at lysine-4 (H3K4me3) during oocyte development enables the oocyte genome to establish the competence to generate a new organism. Nevertheless, it remains unclear to which extent this epigenetic modification forms an instructive component of ovarian follicle development. We investigated the ovarian functions using an oocyte-specific Cxxc1 knockout mouse model, in which the H3K4me3 accumulation is downregulated in oocytes of developing follicles. CFP1-dependent H3K4 trimethylation in oocytes was necessary to maintain the expression of key paracrine factors and to facilitate the communication between an oocyte and the surrounding granulosa cells. The distinct gene expression patterns in cumulus cells within preovulatory follicles were disrupted by the Cxxc1 deletion in oocytes. Both follicle growth and ovulation were compromised after CFP1 deletion, because Cxxc1 deletion in oocytes indirectly impaired essential signaling pathways in granulosa cells that mediate the functions of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Therefore, CFP1-regulated epigenetic modification of the oocyte genome influences the responses of ovarian follicles to gonadotropin in a cell-nonautonomous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Sha
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Fertility Preservation Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yunlong Xiang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xing-Xing Dai
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun-Chao Jiang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Ou
- Fertility Preservation Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China.
| | - Heng-Yu Fan
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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22
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Weis-Banke SE, Lerdrup M, Kleine-Kohlbrecher D, Mohammad F, Sidoli S, Jensen ON, Yanase T, Nakamura T, Iwase A, Stylianou A, Abu-Rustum NR, Aghajanian C, Soslow R, Da Cruz Paula A, Koche RP, Weigelt B, Christensen J, Helin K, Cloos PAC. Mutant FOXL2 C134W Hijacks SMAD4 and SMAD2/3 to Drive Adult Granulosa Cell Tumors. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3466-3479. [PMID: 32641411 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mutant protein FOXL2C134W is expressed in at least 95% of adult-type ovarian granulosa cell tumors (AGCT) and is considered to be a driver of oncogenesis in this disease. However, the molecular mechanism by which FOXL2C134W contributes to tumorigenesis is not known. Here, we show that mutant FOXL2C134W acquires the ability to bind SMAD4, forming a FOXL2C134W/SMAD4/SMAD2/3 complex that binds a novel hybrid DNA motif AGHCAHAA, unique to the FOXL2C134W mutant. This binding induced an enhancer-like chromatin state, leading to transcription of nearby genes, many of which are characteristic of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. FOXL2C134W also bound hybrid loci in primary AGCT. Ablation of SMAD4 or SMAD2/3 resulted in strong reduction of FOXL2C134W binding at hybrid sites and decreased expression of associated genes. Accordingly, inhibition of TGFβ mitigated the transcriptional effect of FOXL2C134W. Our results provide mechanistic insight into AGCT pathogenesis, identifying FOXL2C134W and its interaction with SMAD4 as potential therapeutic targets to this condition. SIGNIFICANCE: FOXL2C134W hijacks SMAD4 and leads to the expression of genes involved in EMT, stemness, and oncogenesis in AGCT, making FOXL2C134W and the TGFβ pathway therapeutic targets in this condition. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/17/3466/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine E Weis-Banke
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Research (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mads Lerdrup
- Center for Chromosome Stability, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Daniela Kleine-Kohlbrecher
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Research (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Faizaan Mohammad
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Research (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ole N Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Toshihiko Yanase
- Seiwakai Muta Hospital, 3-9-1 Hoshikuma, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakamura
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Iwase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Anthe Stylianou
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nadeem R Abu-Rustum
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Carol Aghajanian
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Robert Soslow
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Arnaud Da Cruz Paula
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Richard P Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jesper Christensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Research (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kristian Helin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark. .,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Research (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Cell Biology Program and Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Paul A C Cloos
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark. .,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Research (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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23
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PTEN and FOXO3 expression in the prenatal and postnatal human ovary. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:1613-1622. [PMID: 32424736 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to analyse the expression and cellular localization of FOXO3, pFOXO3 and PTEN throughout human ovary development both before and after birth. METHODS Foetal, pubertal and adult paraffin-embedded ovarian samples were analysed by immunohistochemistry for cellular localization of FOXO3, pFOXO3 and PTEN proteins. Protein and mRNA expression were analysed by western blot and real time PCR, respectively, from fresh biopsies. RESULTS PTEN was not detected by immunohistochemistry in germ cells and follicles of foetal, pubertal and adult ovaries. Occasional PTEN immunoreactive granulosa cells were found in atretic antral follicles in the adult ovary. Western blot analysis showed low levels of PTEN protein. Nuclear FOXO3-expressing primordial follicles represented a variable proportion of the ovarian reserve. The presence of FOXO3-expressing primordial follicles was very low in foetal ovary; although always represented in a low proportion, prevalence increased during pubertal and adult life. CONCLUSION Our results seem to indicate that two subpopulations of primordial follicles, i.e. nuclear FOXO3-expressing and no FOXO3-expressing primordial follicles are found in the postnatal human ovary. This scenario suggests that FOXO3 could be acting as in the mouse model, preventing primordial follicle activation. However, the strategy would not be an "all or nothing" system as in mouse ovary but rather a selected subpopulation of primordial follicles preserved to ensure long-term fertility.
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Haltia UM, Pihlajoki M, Andersson N, Mäkinen L, Tapper J, Cervera A, Horlings HM, Turpeinen U, Anttonen M, Bützow R, Unkila-Kallio L, Carpén O, Wilson DB, Heikinheimo M, Färkkilä A. Functional Profiling of FSH and Estradiol in Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumors. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa034. [PMID: 32309755 PMCID: PMC7153750 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-type granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs) are sex-cord derived neoplasms with a propensity for late relapse. Hormonal modulators have been used empirically in the treatment of recurrent AGCT, albeit with limited success. To provide a more rigorous foundation for hormonal therapy in AGCT, we used a multimodal approach to characterize the expressions of key hormone biomarkers in 175 tumor specimens and 51 serum samples using RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, RNA in situ hybridization, quantitative PCR, and circulating biomarker analysis, and correlated these results with clinical data. We show that FSH receptor and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) are highly expressed in the majority of AGCTs, whereas the expressions of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 are less prominent. ERβ protein expression is further increased in recurrent tumors. Aromatase expression levels show high variability between tumors. None of the markers examined served as prognostic biomarkers for progression-free or overall survival. In functional experiments, we assessed the effects of FSH, estradiol (E2), and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole on AGCT cell viability using 2 in vitro models: KGN cells and primary cultures of AGCT cells. FSH increased cell viability in a subset of primary AGCT cells, whereas E2 had no effect on cell viability at physiological concentrations. Letrozole suppressed E2 production in AGCTs; however, it did not impact cell viability. We did not find preclinical evidence to support the clinical use of aromatase inhibitors in AGCT treatment, and thus randomized, prospective clinical studies are needed to clarify the role of hormonal treatments in AGCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla-Maija Haltia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Children's Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjut Pihlajoki
- Children's Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Andersson
- Children's Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lotta Mäkinen
- Children's Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Tapper
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alejandra Cervera
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hugo M Horlings
- Department of Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, BE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ralf Bützow
- Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leila Unkila-Kallio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Carpén
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David B Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Children's Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Anniina Färkkilä
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Tsunedomi R, Yoshimura K, Suzuki N, Hazama S, Nagano H. Clinical implications of cancer stem cells in digestive cancers: acquisition of stemness and prognostic impact. Surg Today 2020; 50:1560-1577. [PMID: 32025858 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-020-01968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Digestive system cancers are the most frequent cancers worldwide and often associated with poor prognosis because of their invasive and metastatic characteristics. Recent studies have found that the plasticity of cancer cells can impart cancer stem-like properties via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cancer stem-like properties such as tumor initiation are integral to the formation of metastasis, which is the main cause of poor prognosis. Numerous markers of cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in many types of cancer. Therefore, CSCs, via their stem cell-like functions, may play an important role in prognosis after surgery. While several reports have described prognostic analysis using CSC markers, few reviews have summarized CSCs and their association with prognosis. Herein, we review the prognostic potential of eight CSC markers, CD133, CD44, CD90, ALDH1A1, EPCAM, SOX2, SOX9, and LGR5, in digestive cancers including those of the pancreas, colon, liver, gastric, and esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshimura
- Showa University Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics against Cancer, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
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Cluzet V, Devillers MM, Petit F, Chauvin S, François CM, Giton F, Genestie C, di Clemente N, Cohen-Tannoudji J, Guigon CJ. Aberrant granulosa cell-fate related to inactivated p53/Rb signaling contributes to granulosa cell tumors and to FOXL2 downregulation in the mouse ovary. Oncogene 2019; 39:1875-1890. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Belli M, Secchi C, Stupack D, Shimasaki S. FOXO1 Negates the Cooperative Action of FOXL2 C134W and SMAD3 in CYP19 Expression in HGrC1 Cells by Sequestering SMAD3. J Endocr Soc 2019; 3:2064-2081. [PMID: 31701078 PMCID: PMC6797057 DOI: 10.1210/js.2019-00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult granulosa cell tumor (aGCT) is a rare type of ovarian cancer characterized by estrogen excess. Interestingly, only the single somatic mutation FOXL2 C134W was found across virtually all aGCTs. We previously reported that FOXL2C134W stimulates CYP19 transcription synergistically with SMAD3, leading to elevated estradiol synthesis in a human granulosa cell line (HGrC1). This finding suggested a key role for FOXL2C134W in causing the typical estrogen overload in patients with aGCTs. We have now investigated the effect of FOXO1, a tumor suppressor, on CYP19 activation by FOXL2C134W in the presence of SMAD3. Intriguingly, FOXO1 antagonized the positive, synergistic effect of FOXL2C134W and SMAD3 on CYP19 transcription. Similar to FOXL2C134W, FOXO1 binds SMAD3 but not the proximal FOXL2C134W binding site (-199 bp) of the CYP19 promoter identified in our earlier studies. The results of a competitive binding assay suggested a possible underlying mechanism in which FOXO1 sequesters SMAD3 away from FOXL2C134W, thereby negating the cooperative action of FOXL2C134W and SMAD3 in inducing CYP19 expression. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the ability of FOXO1 to restore an altered CYP19 expression by FOXL2C134W and SMAD3 and provides insight as to why FOXO1 deficiency promotes GCT development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Belli
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Christian Secchi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Dwayne Stupack
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shunichi Shimasaki
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Mohamed NE, Hay T, Reed KR, Smalley MJ, Clarke AR. APC2 is critical for ovarian WNT signalling control, fertility and tumour suppression. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:677. [PMID: 31291912 PMCID: PMC6617595 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5867-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canonical WNT signalling plays a critical role in the regulation of ovarian development; mis-regulation of this key pathway in the adult ovary is associated with subfertility and tumourigenesis. The roles of Adenomatous polyposis coli 2 (APC2), a little-studied WNT signalling pathway regulator, in ovarian homeostasis, fertility and tumourigenesis have not previously been explored. Here, we demonstrate essential roles of APC2 in regulating ovarian WNT signalling and ovarian homeostasis. METHODS A detailed analysis of ovarian histology, gene expression, ovulation and hormone levels was carried out in 10 week old and in aged constitutive APC2-knockout (Apc2-/-) mice (mixed background). Statistical significance for qRT-PCR data was determined from 95% confidence intervals. Significance testing was performed using 2-tailed Student's t-test, when 2 experimental cohorts were compared. When more were compared, ANOVA test was used, followed by a post-hoc test (LSD or Games-Howell). P-values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS APC2-deficiency resulted in activation of ovarian WNT signalling and sub-fertility driven by intra-ovarian defects. Follicular growth was perturbed, resulting in a reduced rate of ovulation and corpora lutea formation, which could not be rescued by administration of gonadotrophins. Defects in steroidogenesis and follicular vascularity contributed to the subfertility phenotype. Tumour incidence was assessed in aged APC2-deficient mice, which also carried a hypomorphic Apc allele. APC2-deficiency in these mice resulted in predisposition to granulosa cell tumour (GCT) formation, accompanied by acute tumour-associated WNT-signalling activation and a histologic pattern and molecular signature seen in human adult GCTs. CONCLUSIONS Our work adds APC2 to the growing list of WNT-signalling members that regulate ovarian homeostasis, fertility and suppress GCT formation. Importantly, given that the APC2-deficient mouse develops tumours that recapitulate the molecular signature and histological features of human adult GCTs, this mouse has excellent potential as a pre-clinical model to study ovarian subfertility and transitioning to GCT, tumour biology and for therapeutic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha-Ehssan Mohamed
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy, Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
- Hormones Evaluation Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
- Present address: CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD UK
| | - Trevor Hay
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy, Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
| | - Karen R. Reed
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy, Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
| | - Matthew J. Smalley
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy, Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
| | - Alan R. Clarke
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy, Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
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Fang X, Ni N, Gao Y, Vincent DF, Bartholin L, Li Q. A novel mouse model of testicular granulosa cell tumors. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 24:343-356. [PMID: 29788434 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the role of dysregulated transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) signaling in the development of sex cord-stromal tumors in the testis? SUMMARY ANSWER Overactivation of TGFB signaling results in the development of testicular tumors resembling granulosa cell tumors (GrCTs). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY In an earlier study, we demonstrated that constitutively active TGFB receptor 1 (TGFBR1) in ovarian somatic cells promotes the development of ovarian GrCTs. However, the consequence of dysregulation of TGFB signaling in the pathobiology of the testis, remains poorly defined. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION To identify the impact of dysregulation of TGFB signaling on the testis, we generated mice with constitutive activation of TGFBR1 using anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2 (Amhr2)-Cre recombinase. The effect of constitutively active TGFBR1 on testis development and the timeline of testicular tumor formation were examined. We further investigated the molecular features of testicular tumors and determined the expression of beta-catenin (CTNNB1) known to be involved in testicular GrCT development. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Male mice with constitutive activation of TGFBR1 were examined at various developmental stages (i.e. from 1 week up to 6 months) along with controls. Testis samples were collected and processed for histological and molecular analyses, including haematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and western blotting. Immunostaining/immunoblotting and real-time PCR experiments were performed using at least three animals per genotype. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined using unpaired two-tail t-test and reported when P value is <0.05. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Mice harboring constitutively active TGFBR1 in the testes developed tumors resembling testicular GrCTs, a rare type of tumors in the testis. The formation of testicular tumors led to altered cell proliferation, loss of germ cells and defective spermatogenesis. Immunohistochemically, these tumors were positive for inhibin alpha (INHA), forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), and more importantly, forkhead box L2 (FOXL2), a protein specifically expressed in the ovary and required for normal granulosa cell differentiation and function. Consistent with the immunohistochemical findings, FOXL2 proteins were only detectable in testes of TGFBR1-CAAcre mice but not those of controls by western blotting, suggesting potential alteration of Sertoli cell fate. To explore mechanisms underlying the tumor-promoting effect of TGFBR1 overactivation, we examined the expression of CTNNB1. The results revealed increased expression of CTNNB1 in testicular tumors in TGFBR1-CAAcre mice. Collectively, this study uncovered tumorigenic function of enhanced TGFB signaling in the testis. LARGE-SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study was performed using mice, and the direct relevance of the experimental paradigm and findings to human testicular GrCTs awaits further investigation. Of note, constitutive activation of TGFBR1 was employed to enhance TGFB/SMAD signaling activity and may not be interpreted as the genetic cause of the disease. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This mouse model may prove to be a useful addition to the mouse genetics toolkit for GrCT research. Our finding that dysregulation of TGFB signaling results in the development of testicular GrCTs supports a common origin between Sertoli cells and granulosa cells, and highlights the paramount importance of balanced TGFB signaling in reproduction and development. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health grant R03HD082416 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development and the New Faculty Start-up Funds from Texas A&M University awarded to Q.L. The authors declare no competing interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Nan Ni
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - David F Vincent
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laurent Bartholin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Qinglei Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Liu Z, Xu Z, Tian Y, Yan H, Lou Y. ZNF277 regulates ovarian cancer cell proliferation and invasion through inhibition of PTEN. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:3031-3042. [PMID: 31114246 PMCID: PMC6476229 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s192553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ZNF277 is a transcription factor that is overexpressed in several cancers. However, its clinical role in ovarian cancer (OC) has not been reported yet. The present study aims to investigate the expression of ZNF277 in patients with OC, and to reveal the effects of ZNF277 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OC cells. Methods Using The Cancer Genome Atlas database, we found that higher expression of ZNF277 was correlated with poorer survival times of OC patients. This study used functional experiments, such as Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, and transwell invasion assay. Mechanistically, using quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, luciferase reporter assay, quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, and Western blot we identified the potential mechanism. Results We confirmed for the first time that the expression of ZNF277 is significantly increased in OC tissues and cell lines and that it is closely associated with the adverse clinical features of OC patients. We demonstrated that overexpression of ZNF277 potentiated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SKOV3 and OVCAR3 loss-of-function experiments showed that the silencing of ZNF277 reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OC cells. Mechanistically, using quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, luciferase reporter assay, quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, and Western blot we identified that PTEN was a direct downstream target for ZNF277. PTEN expression antagonized the tumor-promoting function of ZNF277. Conclusion Taken together, the results of the current study demonstrated that ZNF277 exerted a promoting role in the progression of OC and might act as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengling Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276400, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zonglan Xu
- Department of Gynaecology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276400, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yonghui Tian
- Department of Gynaecology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276400, People's Republic of China,
| | - Hua Yan
- Department of Gynaecology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276400, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yanyan Lou
- Department of Gynaecology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276400, People's Republic of China,
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Abedel-Majed MA, Romereim SM, Davis JS, Cupp AS. Perturbations in Lineage Specification of Granulosa and Theca Cells May Alter Corpus Luteum Formation and Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:832. [PMID: 31849844 PMCID: PMC6895843 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anovulation is a major cause of infertility, and it is the major leading reproductive disorder in mammalian females. Without ovulation, an oocyte is not released from the ovarian follicle to be fertilized and a corpus luteum is not formed. The corpus luteum formed from the luteinized somatic follicular cells following ovulation, vasculature cells, and immune cells is critical for progesterone production and maintenance of pregnancy. Follicular theca cells differentiate into small luteal cells (SLCs) that produce progesterone in response to luteinizing hormone (LH), and granulosa cells luteinize to become large luteal cells (LLCs) that have a high rate of basal production of progesterone. The formation and function of the corpus luteum rely on the appropriate proliferation and differentiation of both granulosa and theca cells. If any aspect of granulosa or theca cell luteinization is perturbed, then the resulting luteal cell populations (SLC, LLC, vascular, and immune cells) may be reduced and compromise progesterone production. Thus, many factors that affect the differentiation/lineage of the somatic cells and their gene expression profiles can alter the ability of a corpus luteum to produce the progesterone critical for pregnancy. Our laboratory has identified genes that are enriched in somatic follicular cells and luteal cells through gene expression microarray. This work was the first to compare the gene expression profiles of the four somatic cell types involved in the follicle-to-luteal transition and to support previous immunofluorescence data indicating theca cells differentiate into SLCs while granulosa cells become LLCs. Using these data and incorporating knowledge about the ways in which luteinization can go awry, we can extrapolate the impact that alterations in the theca and granulosa cell gene expression profiles and lineages could have on the formation and function of the corpus luteum. While interactions with other cell types such as vascular and immune cells are critical for appropriate corpus luteum function, we are restricting this review to focus on granulosa, theca, and luteal cells and how perturbations such as androgen excess and inflammation may affect their function and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah M. Romereim
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - John S. Davis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women's Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Andrea S. Cupp
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrea S. Cupp
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Abuzenadah A, Al-Saedi S, Karim S, Al-Qahtani M. Role of Overexpressed Transcription Factor FOXO1 in Fatal Cardiovascular Septal Defects in Patau Syndrome: Molecular and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113547. [PMID: 30423812 PMCID: PMC6274780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patau Syndrome (PS), characterized as a lethal disease, allows less than 15% survival over the first year of life. Most deaths owe to brain and heart disorders, more so due to septal defects because of altered gene regulations. We ascertained the cytogenetic basis of PS first, followed by molecular analysis and docking studies. Thirty-seven PS cases were referred from the Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Hospital to the Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Jeddah during 2008 to 2018. Cytogenetic analyses were performed by standard G-band method and trisomy13 were found in all the PS cases. Studies have suggested that genes of chromosome 13 and other chromosomes are associated with PS. We, therefore, did molecular pathway analysis, gene interaction, and ontology studies to identify their associations. Genomic analysis revealed important chr13 genes such as FOXO1, Col4A1, HMGBB1, FLT1, EFNB2, EDNRB, GAS6, TNFSF1, STARD13, TRPC4, TUBA3C, and TUBA3D, and their regulatory partners on other chromosomes associated with cardiovascular disorders, atrial and ventricular septal defects. There is strong indication of involving FOXO1 (Forkhead Box O1) gene-a strong transcription factor present on chr13, interacting with many septal defects link genes. The study was extended using molecular docking to find a potential drug lead for overexpressed FOXO1 inhibition. The phenothiazine and trifluoperazine showed efficiency to inhibit overexpressed FOXO1 protein, and could be potential drugs for PS/trisomy13 after validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Abuzenadah
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saad Al-Saedi
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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33
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Zheng L, Luo R, Su T, Hu L, Gao F, Zhang X. Differentially Expressed lncRNAs After the Activation of Primordial Follicles in Mouse. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:1094-1104. [PMID: 30376771 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118805869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The activation of primordial follicles is critical to ovarian follicle development, which directly influences female fertility and reproductive life span. Several studies have suggested a role for long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in ovarian function. However, the precise involvement of lncRNAs in the initiation of primordial follicles is still unknown. Here, an in vitro culture model was used to investigate the roles of lncRNAs in primordial follicle activation. We found that primordial follicles in day 3 mouse ovaries were activated after culturing for 8 days in vitro, as indicated by ovarian morphology changes, increases in primary follicle number, and downregulation of mammalian Sterile 20-like kinase messenger RNA (mRNA) and upregulation of growth differentiation factor 9 mRNA. We next examined lncRNA expression profiles by RNA sequencing at the transcriptome level and found that among 60 078 lncRNAs, 6541 lncRNA were upregulated and 2135 lncRNA were downregulated in 3-day ovaries cultured for 8 days in vitro compared with ovaries from day 3 mice. We also found that 4171 mRNAs were upregulated and 1795 were downregulated in the cultured ovaries. Gene ontology and pathway analyses showed that the functions of differentially expressed lncRNA targets and mRNAs were closely linked with many processes and pathways related to ovary development, including cell proliferation and differentiation, developmental processes, and other signaling transduction pathways. Additionally, many novel identified lncRNAs showed inducible expression, suggesting that these lncRNAs may be good candidates for investigating mouse primordial follicle activation. This study provides a foundation for further exploring lncRNA-related mechanisms in the initiation of mouse primordial follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zheng
- 1 Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,2 Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruichen Luo
- 1 Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,2 Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tie Su
- 1 Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,2 Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liaoliao Hu
- 1 Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,2 Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fengxin Gao
- 3 Institute of Life Science and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- 2 Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,3 Institute of Life Science and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Tu J, Cheung HH, Lu G, Chen Z, Chan WY. MicroRNA-10a promotes granulosa cells tumor development via PTEN-AKT/Wnt regulatory axis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1076. [PMID: 30348959 PMCID: PMC6197200 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that microRNA-10 family could disturb normal development of granulosa cells (GC) during follicle formation. In the current study, the effect of miR-10a on granulosa cell tumor (GCT), a subtype of ovarian cancer, was examined. Strong miR-10a signal was detected in tissues from malignant GCT patients. Forced expression of miR-10a significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, ovarian hormone production, and repressed anticancer drug-induced apoptosis in vitro. The oncogenic role of miR-10a was further validated in an orthotopic GCT model in vivo. In addition, by using CRISPR-Cas9 system, the aggressive phenotype was repressed in miR-10a knockout cancer GC. By using a heterotopic mice model, the oncogenic role of miR-10a was confirmed in vivo. RNA-seq, FISH, western blot, luciferase reporter assay were used to identified PTEN, a well-known anti-GCT gene, as direct functional target of miR-10a in cancer GC; Akt and Wnt were also found as two associated oncogenic pathways of miR-10a in cancer GC. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the miR-10a could promote GCT development via synergistically regulating PTEN, Akt, and Wnt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Tu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, 230000, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hoi-Hung Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, 250001, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zijiang Chen
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, 250001, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 250001, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, 250001, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Wang J, Xu W, He Y, Xia Q, Liu S. LncRNA MEG3 impacts proliferation, invasion, and migration of ovarian cancer cells through regulating PTEN. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:927-936. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Bildik G, Akin N, Senbabaoglu F, Esmalian Y, Sahin GN, Urman D, Karahuseyinoglu S, Ince U, Palaoglu E, Taskiran C, Arvas M, Guzel Y, Yakin K, Oktem O. Endogenous c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity marks the boundary between normal and malignant granulosa cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:421. [PMID: 29549247 PMCID: PMC5856777 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary (GCT) is a very rare tumor, accounting for only 2% of all ovarian tumors. It originates from sex cords in the ovary and can be divided into adult (95%) and juvenile (5%) types based on histologic findings. To date, no clear etiologic process has been identified other than a missense point mutation in the FOXL2 gene. Our previous works showed that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway plays critical role in cell cycle progression and mitosis of normal and immortalized granulosa cells and follicle growth in rodent ovaries. These findings led us to investigate the role of JNK pathway in the granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. We used two different GCT cell lines (COV434 and KGN) and fresh GCT samples of adult and juvenile types obtained from the patients during surgery. We have discovered that endogenous kinase activity of JNK is markedly enhanced in the GCT samples and cell lines, whereas it was almost undetectable in mitotic non-malignant human granulosa cells. The inhibition of JNK pathway in GCT cell lines with two different pharmacologic inhibitors (SP600125 and AS601245) or siRNA resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in in vitro cell growth, increased apoptosis and diminished estradiol and AMH productions. JNK inhibition was also associated with a decrease in the number of cells positive for mitosis marker phospho-histone H3Ser 10 in the asynchronous cells; and diminished EdU uptake during S phase and cell cycle arrest at G2/M-phase transition in the synchronized cells. Ex vivo treatment of patient-derived GCT samples with JNK inhibitors for 24 h significantly decreased their in vitro growth and estradiol and AMH productions. Furthermore, in human GCT xenograft model, in vivo tumor growth was significantly reduced and plasma AMH levels were significantly decreased in SCID mice after administration of JNK inhibitors and siRNA. These findings suggest that targeting JNK pathway may provide therapeutic benefit in the treatment of granulosa cell tumors for which currently no curative therapy exists beyond surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Bildik
- Graduate School of Health Sciences and School of Medicines, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazli Akin
- Graduate School of Health Sciences and School of Medicines, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Filiz Senbabaoglu
- Graduate School of Health Sciences and School of Medicines, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yashar Esmalian
- Graduate School of Health Sciences and School of Medicines, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Nur Sahin
- Graduate School of Health Sciences and School of Medicines, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Defne Urman
- Graduate School of Health Sciences and School of Medicines, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sercin Karahuseyinoglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umit Ince
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erhan Palaoglu
- American Hospital Clinical Biochemistry Laboratories, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Taskiran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology Division, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Macit Arvas
- Women's Health Center, American Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yilmaz Guzel
- Women's Health Center, American Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kayhan Yakin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Translational Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Oktem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Translational Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Richards JS. From Follicular Development and Ovulation to Ovarian Cancers: An Unexpected Journey. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 107:453-472. [PMID: 29544640 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Follicular development and ovulation are complex development processes that are regulated by multiple, interacting pathways and cell types. The oocyte, cumulus cells, granulosa cells, and theca cells communicate to impact follicular development and ovulation. Many hormones and cytokines control intracellular regulatory networks and transcription factors, some of which are cell type specific. Molecular biology approaches and mutant mouse models have contributed immensely to our knowledge of what genes and signaling cascades impact each stage of follicular development and ovulation, and how the alteration of gene expression profiles and the activation of specific signaling pathways can impact ovarian cancer development in ovarian surface epithelial cells as well as granulosa cells. This chapter explores how pathways controlling normal follicle development and ovulation can be diverted to abnormal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnne S Richards
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
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Abstract
The "ovarian cycle" is an exquisite and dynamic endocrine system that includes ovarian events, hypothalamic-pituitary interactions, uterine endometrial and myometrial changes during implantation and pregnancy, cervical alterations in structure, and breast development. The ovarian cycle and the steroid hormones produced by the ovary also impact epithelial cancer development in the ovary, uterus, cervix, and breast. This chapter provides a personal view of recent developments that occur in this complex endocrine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnne S Richards
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
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Li J, Bao R, Peng S, Zhang C. The molecular mechanism of ovarian granulosa cell tumors. J Ovarian Res 2018; 11:13. [PMID: 29409506 PMCID: PMC5802052 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over these years, more and more sex cord-stromal tumors have been reported. Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is a rare tumor in ovaries, accounts for 2% to 5% of ovarian cancers. The main different feature of GCTs from other ovarian cancers is that GCTs can lead to abnormally secreted hormones (estrogen, inhibin and Müllerian inhibiting substance). The GCT is divided into two categories according to the age of patients, namely AGCT (adult granulosa cell tumor) and JGCT (Juvenile granulosa cell tumor). AGCT patients accounts for 95%. Although the pathogenesis is not clear, FOXL2 (Forkhead box L2) mutation was considered as the most critical factor in AGCT development. The current treatment is dominated by surgery. Target therapy remains in the adjuvant therapy stage, such as hormone therapy. During these years, other pathogenic factors were also explored, such as PI3K/AKT (phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; serine/threonine kinase), TGF-β (Transforming growth factor beta) signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, GATA4 and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). These factors and signaling pathway play important roles in GCT cell proliferation, apoptosis, or angiogenesis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the possible pathogenic factors and signaling pathways, which may shed lights on developing potential therapeutic targets for GCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Li
- Joint programme of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, Nanchang, China
| | - Riqiang Bao
- Joint programme of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, Nanchang, China
| | - Shiwei Peng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Falcone C, Daga A, Leanza G, Mallamaci A. Emx2 as a novel tool to suppress glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41005-41016. [PMID: 27191499 PMCID: PMC5173038 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a devastating CNS tumour for which no cure is presently available. We wondered if manipulation of Emx2, which normally antagonizes cortico-cerebral astrogenesis by inhibiting proliferation of astrocyte progenitors, may be employed to counteract it. We found that Emx2 overexpression induced the collapse of seven out of seven in vitro tested glioblastoma cell lines. Moreover, it suppressed four out of four of these lines in vivo. As proven by dedicated rescue assays, the antioncogenic activity of Emx2 originated from its impact on at least six metabolic nodes, which accounts for the robustness of its effect. Finally, in two out of two tested lines, the tumor culture collapse was also achieved when Emx2 was driven by a neural stem cell-specific promoter, likely active within tumor-initiating cells. All that points to Emx2 as a novel, promising tool for therapy of glioblastoma and prevention of its recurrencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Daga
- DIPOE, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giampiero Leanza
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Chang RK, Li X, Mu N, Hrydziuszko O, Garcia-Majano B, Larsson C, Lui WO. MicroRNA expression profiles in non‑epithelial ovarian tumors. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:55-66. [PMID: 29138809 PMCID: PMC5743337 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian germ cell tumors (OGCTs) and sex cord stromal tumors (SCSTs) are rare gynecologic tumors that are derived from germ and stromal cells, respectively. Unlike their epithelial counterparts, molecular pathogenesis of these tumor types is still poorly understood. Here, we characterized microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of 9 OGCTs (2 malignant and 7 benign) and 3 SCSTs using small RNA sequencing. We observed significant miRNA expression variations among the three tumor groups. To further demonstrate the biological relevance of our findings, we selected 12 miRNAs for validation in an extended cohort of 16 OGCTs (9 benign and 7 malignant) and 7 SCSTs by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Higher expression of miR‑373‑3p, miR‑372‑3p and miR‑302c‑3p and lower expression of miR‑199a‑5p, miR‑214‑5p and miR‑202‑3p were reproducibly observed in malignant OGCTs as compared to benign OGCTs or SCSTs. Comparing with benign OGCTs, miR‑202c‑3p and miR‑513c‑5p were more abundant in SCSTs. Additionally, we examined Beclin 1 (BECN1), a target of miR‑199a‑5p, in the clinical samples using western blot analysis. Our results show that BECN1 expression was higher in malignant OGCTs than benign OGCTs, which is concordant with their lower miR‑199a‑5p expression. This study suggests that these miRNAs may have potential value as tumor markers and implications for further understanding the molecular basis of these tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger K. Chang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm
| | - Xidan Li
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Huddinge
| | - Ninni Mu
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm
| | - Olga Hrydziuszko
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Beatriz Garcia-Majano
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm
| | - Catharina Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm
| | - Weng-Onn Lui
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm
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Gao Y, Fang X, Vincent DF, Threadgill DW, Bartholin L, Li Q. Disruption of postnatal folliculogenesis and development of ovarian tumor in a mouse model with aberrant transforming growth factor beta signaling. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15:94. [PMID: 29221447 PMCID: PMC5723096 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-017-0312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) superfamily signaling is implicated in the development of sex cord-stromal tumors, a category of poorly defined gonadal tumors. The aim of this study was to determine potential effects of dysregulated TGFB signaling in the ovary using Cre recombinase driven by growth differentiation factor 9 (Gdf9) promoter known to be expressed in oocytes. METHODS A mouse model containing constitutively active TGFBR1 (TGFBR1CA) using Gdf9-iCre (termed TGFBR1-CAG9Cre) was generated. Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining, follicle counting, and immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses using antibodies directed to Ki67, forkhead box L2 (FOXL2), forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), inhibin alpha (INHA), and SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 were performed to determine the characteristics of the TGFBR1-CAG9Cre ovary. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) labeling of 3'-OH ends of DNA fragments, real-time PCR, and western blotting were used to examine apoptosis, select gene expression, and TGFBR1 activation. RNAscope in situ hybridization was used to localize the expression of GLI-Kruppel family member GLI1 (Gli1) in ovarian tumor tissues. RESULTS TGFBR1-CAG9Cre females were sterile. Sustained activation of TGFBR1 led to altered granulosa cell proliferation evidenced by high expression of Ki67. At an early age, these mice demonstrated follicular defects and development of ovarian granulosa cell tumors, which were immunoreactive for granulosa cell markers including FOXL2, FOXO1, and INHA. Further histochemical and molecular analyses provided evidence of overactivation of TGFBR1 in the granulosa cell compartment during ovarian pathogenesis in TGFBR1-CAG9Cre mice, along with upregulation of Gli1 and Gli2 and downregulation of Tgfbr3 in ovarian tumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS These results reinforce the role of constitutively active TGFBR1 in promoting ovarian tumorigenesis in mice. The mouse model created in this study may be further exploited to define the cellular and molecular mechanisms of TGFB/activin downstream signaling in granulosa cell tumor development. Future studies are needed to test whether activation of TGFB/activin signaling contributes to the development of human granulosa cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - David F Vincent
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, G61 1BD, Glasgow, UK
| | - David W Threadgill
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Laurent Bartholin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Qinglei Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Richtig G, Aigelsreiter A, Schwarzenbacher D, Ress AL, Adiprasito JB, Stiegelbauer V, Hoefler G, Schauer S, Kiesslich T, Kornprat P, Winder T, Eisner F, Gerger A, Stoeger H, Stauber R, Lackner C, Pichler M. SOX9 is a proliferation and stem cell factor in hepatocellular carcinoma and possess widespread prognostic significance in different cancer types. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187814. [PMID: 29121666 PMCID: PMC5679634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX9 has been previously shown to be involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other types of cancer. However, prognostic studies so far involved rather small cohorts or lack external validation and experimental data. In this study, we firstly determined the histological expression pattern of SOX9 in human HCC by immunohistochemistry (n = 84) and evaluated its prognostic value. External cohorts of publicly available datasets were used to validate its prognostic relevance in HCC (n = 359) and other types of cancer including breast (n = 3951), ovarian (n = 1306), lung (n = 1926) and gastric cancer (n = 876). Functional SOX9 knock-down studies using siRNA and cancer stem cell models were generated in a panel of liver and breast cancer cell lines. High level of SOX9 was associated with poor survival even after adjustment for other prognostic factors in multivariate analysis (HR = 2.103, 95%CI = 1.064 to 4.156, p = 0.021). SOX9 prevailed a poor prognostic factor in all cancer validation cohorts (p<0.05). Reduced SOX9 expression by siRNA decreased the growth of liver cancer cells (p<0.05). SOX9 expression was associated with stem cell features in all tested cell lines (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated in a large number of patients from multiple cohorts that high levels of SOX9 are a consistent negative prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Richtig
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Daniela Schwarzenbacher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Lena Ress
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jan Basri Adiprasito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Stiegelbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Schauer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapies (TREAT), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Kornprat
- Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Winder
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Eisner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Gerger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Stoeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Stauber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carolin Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Alsina-Sanchís E, Figueras A, Lahiguera A, Gil-Martín M, Pardo B, Piulats JM, Martí L, Ponce J, Matias-Guiu X, Vidal A, Villanueva A, Viñals F. TGFβ Controls Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081658. [PMID: 28758950 PMCID: PMC5578048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been no major improvements in the overall survival of ovarian cancer patients in recent decades. Even though more accurate surgery and more effective treatments are available, the mortality rate remains high. Given the differences in origin and the heterogeneity of these tumors, research to elucidate the signaling pathways involved is required. The Transforming Growth Factor (TGFβ) family controls different cellular responses in development and cell homeostasis. Disruption of TGFβ signaling has been implicated in many cancers, including ovarian cancer. This article considers the involvement of TGFβ in ovarian cancer progression, and reviews the various mechanisms that enable the TGFβ signaling pathway to control ovarian cancer cell proliferation. These mechanistic explanations support the therapeutic use of TGFβ inhibitors in ovarian cancer, which are currently in the early phases of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisenda Alsina-Sanchís
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Agnès Figueras
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alvaro Lahiguera
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Gil-Martín
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Pardo
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josep M Piulats
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lola Martí
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Gynaecologic Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Ponce
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Gynaecologic Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, CIBERONC, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - August Vidal
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, CIBERONC, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Xenopat, Carrer de la Feixa Llarga S/N, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Xenopat, Carrer de la Feixa Llarga S/N, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Viñals
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
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Guzel Y, Oktem O. Understanding follicle growth in vitro: Are we getting closer to obtaining mature oocytes from in vitro-grown follicles in human? Mol Reprod Dev 2017; 84:544-559. [PMID: 28452156 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obtaining and fertilizing mature oocytes from immature follicles that were grown outside the body has conceptually attracted scientists for centuries, with initial attempts first documented in the 19th century. Significant progress has been made since then, due in part to a better understanding of folliculogenesis and improved techniques of in vitro follicle growth. Indeed, in vitro growth is now considered a reasonable approach to preserve or restore fertility when immature follicles and their oocytes need to be grown and matured outside the body. Certain patients would benefit from in vitro follicle growth, particularly those who carry a risk of cancer re-seeding after grafting of frozen-thawed ovarian tissue or who are at the risk of premature ovarian failure due to several intrinsic ovarian defects and genetic mutations that lead to accelerated follicle atresia and early exhaustion of the ovarian reserve. This review provides an update on the current status of in vitro growth of preantral human follicles, from initial efforts to the most recent achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilmaz Guzel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Aydin University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Oktem
- Division Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Women's Health Center, Assisted Reproduction Unit, American Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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46
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Mohamadhashem F, Rafati M, Hoseininasab F, Rostami S, Tabatabaie R, Rezai S, Keramatipour M, Ghaffari SR. Primary ovarian insufficiency with t(5;13): a case report and literature review on disrupted genes. Climacteric 2017; 20:498-502. [PMID: 28453298 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2017.1316255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report a woman with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) with reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 5 and 13. METHODS Chromosomal analysis (G-banding) of a 39-year-old woman with elevated gonadotropin levels and secondary amenorrhea and review of the literature with a special focus on disrupted genes at the reported breakpoints. RESULTS A reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 5 and 13 was identified in the patient (46,XX,t(5;13)(q13;q14)). Investigation of the breakpoints revealed that the 13q14.1 region encompasses FOXO1 (forkhead box 1) gene, which has an important role in granulosa cell function and follicle maturation. CONCLUSIONS Autosomal translocations are rare in women with POI. We have reported the first case of a de novo reciprocal translocation involving chromosomes 5 and 13 in a POI patient. As one of the breakpoints encompasses the FOXO1 gene, it seems that disruption of this gene can be the cause of POI in this patient. This provides further evidence on the role of autosomal translocations in disrupting POI-associated genes. Therefore, concentrating on the genes at the breakpoints will be helpful to delineate the new biological pathways or genes involved in POI pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mohamadhashem
- a Department of Medical Genetics , School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center , Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran , Iran
| | - M Rafati
- b Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center , Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran , Iran.,c Comprehensive Genetic Center , Hope Generation Foundation , Tehran , Iran.,d Gene Clinic , Tehran , Iran
| | - F Hoseininasab
- b Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center , Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran , Iran
| | - S Rostami
- d Gene Clinic , Tehran , Iran.,e Department of Biology, Parand Branch , Islamic Azad University , Parand , Iran
| | - R Tabatabaie
- d Gene Clinic , Tehran , Iran.,f Department of Biology, Karaj Branch , Islamic Azad University , Karaj , Iran
| | - S Rezai
- d Gene Clinic , Tehran , Iran.,g Department of Biology , Payame Noor University , Karaj , Iran
| | - M Keramatipour
- a Department of Medical Genetics , School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - S R Ghaffari
- b Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center , Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran , Iran.,c Comprehensive Genetic Center , Hope Generation Foundation , Tehran , Iran.,d Gene Clinic , Tehran , Iran
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47
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Lan ZJ, Krause MS, Redding SD, Li X, Wu GZ, Zhou HX, Bohler HC, Ko C, Cooney AJ, Zhou J, Lei ZM. Selective deletion of Pten in theca-interstitial cells leads to androgen excess and ovarian dysfunction in mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 444:26-37. [PMID: 28137614 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Theca cell-selective Pten mutation (tPtenMT) in mice resulted in increases in PDK1 and Akt phosphorylation, indicating an over-activation of PI3K signaling in the ovaries. These mice displayed elevated androgen levels, ovary enlargement, antral follicle accumulation, early fertility loss and increased expression of Lhcgr and genes that are crucial to androgenesis. These abnormalities were partially reversed by treatments of PI3K or Akt inhibitor. LH actions in Pten deficient theca cells were potentiated. The phosphorylation of Foxo1 was increased, while the binding of Foxo1 to forkhead response elements in the Lhcgr promoter was reduced in tPtenMT theca cells, implying a mechanism by which PI3K/Akt-induced upregulation of Lhcgr in theca cells might be mediated by reducing the inhibitory effect of Foxo1 on the Lhcgr promoter. The phenotype of tPtenMT females is reminiscent of human PCOS and suggests that dysregulated PI3K cascade in theca cells may be involved in certain types of PCOS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jian Lan
- Division of Life Sciences and Center for Animal Nutrigenomics & Applied Animal Nutrition, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA
| | - M S Krause
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - S D Redding
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - X Li
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - G Z Wu
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - H X Zhou
- Birth Defects Center, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - H C Bohler
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - C Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - A J Cooney
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Junmei Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Z M Lei
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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48
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Fuller P, Leung D, Chu S. Genetics and genomics of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors. Clin Genet 2017; 91:285-291. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P.J. Fuller
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Australia
| | - D. Leung
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Australia
| | - S. Chu
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Australia
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49
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Law NC, White MF, Hunzicker-Dunn ME. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) That Signal via Protein Kinase A (PKA) Cross-talk at Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 (IRS1) to Activate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT Pathway. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:27160-27169. [PMID: 27856640 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.763235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate PI3K/v-AKT thymoma viral oncoprotein (AKT) to regulate many cellular functions that promote cell survival, proliferation, and growth. However, the mechanism by which GPCRs activate PI3K/AKT remains poorly understood. We used ovarian preantral granulosa cells (GCs) to elucidate the mechanism by which the GPCR agonist FSH via PKA activates the PI3K/AKT cascade. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is secreted in an autocrine/paracrine manner by GCs and activates the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) but, in the absence of FSH, fails to stimulate YXXM phosphorylation of IRS1 (insulin receptor substrate 1) required for PI3K/AKT activation. We show that PKA directly phosphorylates the protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) regulatory subunit myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1) to activate PP1 associated with the IGF1R-IRS1 complex. Activated PP1 is sufficient to dephosphorylate at least four IRS1 Ser residues, Ser318, Ser346, Ser612, and Ser789, and promotes IRS1 YXXM phosphorylation by the IGF1R to activate the PI3K/AKT cascade. Additional experiments indicate that this mechanism also occurs in breast cancer, thyroid, and preovulatory granulosa cells, suggesting that the PKA-dependent dephosphorylation of IRS1 Ser/Thr residues is a conserved mechanism by which GPCRs signal to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway downstream of the IGF1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Law
- From the School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 and
| | - Morris F White
- the Division of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Mary E Hunzicker-Dunn
- From the School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 and
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50
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Fang X, Gao Y, Li Q. SMAD3 Activation: A Converging Point of Dysregulated TGF-Beta Superfamily Signaling and Genetic Aberrations in Granulosa Cell Tumor Development? Biol Reprod 2016; 95:105. [PMID: 27683263 PMCID: PMC5178148 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.143412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are rare gynecologic tumors in women. Due to the rarity and limited research efforts invested, the etiology of GCTs remains poorly defined. A landmark study has discovered the mutation of forkhead box L2 (FOXL2) as a genetic hallmark of adult GCTs in the human. However, our understanding of the role of cell signaling in GCT development is far from complete. Increasing lines of evidence highlight the importance of TGF-beta (TGFB) superfamily signaling in the pathogenesis of GCTs. This review draws on findings using genetically modified mouse models and human patient specimens and cell lines to reveal SMAD3 activation as a potentially key converging point of dysregulated TGFB superfamily signaling and genetic aberrations in GCT development. It is anticipated that deciphering the role of TGFB superfamily signaling cascades in ovarian tumorigenesis will help develop new therapeutic approaches for GCTs by targeting core signaling elements essential for tumor initiation, growth, and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Qinglei Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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