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Kawai H, Matsubayashi T, Yokota T, Sanjo N. Serial changes in regional cerebral blood flow in Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease caused by a Pro-to-Leu mutation at codon 105 in the prion protein gene. Prion 2023; 17:138-140. [PMID: 37705331 PMCID: PMC10503442 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2023.2256928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease with a Pro-to-Leu substitution at codon 105 in the prion protein gene (GSS-P105L) is a rare variant of human genetic prion disease. Herein, we report the case of a patient with GSS-P105L, who showed serial changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) on single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). A 42-year-old woman, with an affected father presenting with similar symptoms, had a 1-year history of progressive gait disturbance, lower-limb spasticity, and psychiatric symptoms. Genetic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of GSS-P105L. Eleven months after disease onset, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed bilateral frontal lobe-dominant cerebral atrophy without hyperintensity on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences; meanwhile, SPECT revealed non-specific mild hypoperfusion. Follow-up MRI at 52 months after onset demonstrated progressive frontal lobe-dominant cerebral atrophy without hyperintensity on DWI, while SPECT revealed a marked decrease in rCBF in the bilateral right-dominant frontal lobe. Patients with GSS with a Pro-to-Leu substitution at codon 102 (GSS-P102L) have been reported to exhibit hyperintensity on DWI-MRI and a diffuse decrease in CBF with a mosaic-like pattern on SPECT, which is absent in patients with GSS-P105L, thereby possibly reflecting the differences in pathophysiology between GSS-P102L and GSS-P105L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honami Kawai
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Matsubayashi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Sanjo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Kim DY, Shim KH, Bagyinszky E, An SSA. Prion Mutations in Republic of Republic of Korea, China, and Japan. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010625. [PMID: 36614069 PMCID: PMC9820783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion gene (PRNP) mutations are associated with diverse disease phenotypes, including familiar Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS), and fatal familial insomnia (FFI). Interestingly, PRNP mutations have been reported in patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease, and frontotemporal dementia. In this review, we describe prion mutations in Asian countries, including Republic of Republic of Korea, China, and Japan. Clinical phenotypes and imaging data related to these mutations have also been introduced in detail. Several prion mutations are specific to Asians and have rarely been reported in countries outside Asia. For example, PRNP V180I and M232R, which are rare in other countries, are frequently detected in Republic of Korea and Japan. PRNP T188K is common in China, and E200K is significantly more common among Libyan Jews in Israel. The A117V mutation has not been detected in any Asian population, although it is commonly reported among European GSS patients. In addition, V210I or octapeptide insertion is common among European CJD patients, but relatively rare among Asian patients. The reason for these differences may be geographical or ethical isolation. In terms of clinical phenotypes, V180I, P102L, and E200K present diverse clinical symptoms with disease duration, which could be due to other genetic and environmental influences. For example, rs189305274 in the ACO1 gene may be associated with neuroprotective effects in cases of V180I mutation, leading to longer disease survival. Additional neuroprotective variants may be possible in cases featuring the E200K mutation, such as KLKB1, KARS, NRXN2, LAMA3, or CYP4X1. E219K has been suggested to modify the disease course in cases featuring the P102L mutation, as it may result in the absence of prion protein-positive plaques in tissue stained with Congo red. However, these studies analyzed only a few patients and may be too preliminary. The findings need to be verified in studies with larger sample sizes or in other populations. It would be interesting to probe additional genetic factors that cause disease progression or act as neuroprotective factors. Further studies are needed on genetic modifiers working with prions and alterations from mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yeong Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hwan Shim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Eva Bagyinszky
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Environment, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (S.S.A.A.)
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (S.S.A.A.)
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3
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Chen Z, Ma J, Liu L, Liu S, Zhang J, Chu M, Wang Z, Chan P, Wu L. Alterations of Striatal Subregions in a Prion Protein Gene V180I Mutation Carrier Presented as Frontotemporal Dementia With Parkinsonism. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:830602. [PMID: 35493933 PMCID: PMC9053668 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.830602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the roles of striatal subdivisions in the pathogenesis of frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism (FTDP) in a patient resulting from prion protein gene (PRNP) mutation. Methods This patient received clinical interviews and underwent neuropsychological assessments, genetic testing, [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([18F]-FDG PET)/MRI, and [18F]-dihydrotetrabenazine positron emission tomography ([18F]-DTBZ PET)/CT. Region-of-interest analysis was conducted concerning metabolism, and dopamine transport function between this patient and 12 controls, focusing on the striatum subregions according to the Oxford-GSK-Imanova Striatal Connectivity Atlas. Results A 64-year-old man initially presented with symptoms of motor dysfunction and subsequently behavioral and personality changes. FTDP was initially suspected. Sequence analysis disclosed a valine to isoleucine at codon 180 in PRNP. Compared to controls, this patient had a severe reduction (> 2SD) of standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) in the limbic and executive subregions but relative retention of metabolism in rostral motor and caudal motor subregions using [18F]-FDG PET/MRI, and the SUVR decreased significantly across the striatal in [18F]-DTBZ PET/CT, especially in the rostral motor and caudal motor subregions. Conclusion The alteration of frontal striatal loops may be involved in cognitive impairment in FTDP, and the development of parkinsonism in FTDP may be primarily due to the involvement of the presynaptic nigrostriatal loops in PRNP V180I mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghong Ma
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Liyong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
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4
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Swallowing Function Evaluation in a Patient with Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Disease with Pro105Leu: A Case Report. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189734. [PMID: 34574659 PMCID: PMC8466103 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS) is a genetic prion disease. Swallowing function evaluation in patients with GSS remains unclear. Here, we describe a case of videofluoroscopic examination of swallowing (VF) to facilitate continued oral ingestion in a patient with P105L GSS. A 67-year-old woman developed gait disturbance and Parkinsonism symptoms at the age of 54 years. Since her family wanted her to continue oral ingestion, we performed VF, which revealed impairment and preservation of the oral and pharyngeal phases, respectively. Moreover, the impairment of the oral phase was improved by adjusting the patient's posture and food consistency. A swallowing function evaluation based on the condition of a patient with GSS may facilitate continued oral ingestion.
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Ravanidis S, Bougea A, Papagiannakis N, Maniati M, Koros C, Simitsi AM, Bozi M, Pachi I, Stamelou M, Paraskevas GP, Kapaki E, Moraitou M, Michelakakis H, Stefanis L, Doxakis E. Circulating Brain-enriched MicroRNAs for detection and discrimination of idiopathic and genetic Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2019; 35:457-467. [PMID: 31799764 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A minimally invasive test for early detection and monitoring of Parkinson's disease (PD) is a highly unmet need for drug development and planning of patient care. Blood plasma represents an attractive source of biomarkers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are conserved noncoding RNA molecules that serve as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. As opposed to ubiquitously expressed miRNAs that control house-keeping processes, brain-enriched miRNAs regulate diverse aspects of neuron development and function. These include neuron-subtype specification, axonal growth, dendritic morphogenesis, and spine density. Backed by a large number of studies, we now know that the differential expression of neuron-enriched miRNAs leads to brain dysfunction. OBJECTIVES The aim was to identify subsets of brain-enriched miRNAs with diagnostic potential for familial and idiopathic PD as well as specify the molecular pathways deregulated in PD. METHODS Initially, brain-enriched miRNAs were selected based on literature review and validation studies in human tissues. Subsequently, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed in the plasma of 100 healthy controls and 99 idiopathic and 53 genetic (26 alpha-synucleinA53T and 27 glucocerebrosidase) patients. Statistical and bioinformatics analyses were carried out to pinpoint the diagnostic biomarkers and deregulated pathways, respectively. RESULTS An explicit molecular fingerprint for each of the 3 PD cohorts was generated. Although the idiopathic PD fingerprint was different from that of genetic PD, the molecular pathways deregulated converged between all PD subtypes. CONCLUSIONS The study provides a group of brain-enriched miRNAs that may be used for the detection and differentiation of PD subtypes. It has also identified the molecular pathways deregulated in PD. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Ravanidis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Bougea
- Center of Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papagiannakis
- Center of Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Matina Maniati
- Center of Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Koros
- 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.,2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina-Maria Simitsi
- 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Bozi
- 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Pachi
- 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Stamelou
- 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Parkinson's disease and Movement disorders department, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Paraskevas
- 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Kapaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Moraitou
- Department of Enzymology and Cellular Function, Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Michelakakis
- Department of Enzymology and Cellular Function, Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- Center of Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Epaminondas Doxakis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Ishizawa K, Mitsufuji T, Shioda K, Kobayashi A, Komori T, Nakazato Y, Kitamoto T, Araki N, Yamamoto T, Sasaki A. An autopsy report of three kindred in a Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease P105L family with a special reference to prion protein, tau, and beta-amyloid. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01117. [PMID: 30240140 PMCID: PMC6192393 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease P105L (GSS105) is a rare variant of GSS caused by a point mutation of the prion protein (PrP) gene at codon 105 (proline to leucine substitution). It is clinically characterized by spastic paraparesis and dementia and histopathologically defined by PrP-plaques in the brain. This report describes a clinicopathological analysis of three autopsied kindred from a Japanese GSS105 family, plus a topological analysis of PrP, hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), and beta-amyloid (Aβ). METHODS Using paraffin-embedded sections, we applied histology and single- and multiple-labeling immunohistochemistry for PrP, p-tau, and Aβ to the three cases. Comparative semi-quantitative analyses of tissue injuries and PrP-plaques were also employed. RESULTS Case 1 (45 years old (yo)) and Case 2 (56 yo) are sisters, and Case 3 (49 yo) is the son of Case 2. Case 1 and Case 2 presented with spastic paraparesis followed by dementia, whereas Case 3 presented, not with spastic paraparesis, but with psychiatric symptoms. In Case 1 and Case 2, the brain showed tissue injuries with many PrP-plaques in the cerebral cortices, and the pyramidal tract showed myelin loss/pallor. In Case 3, the brain was least degenerated with a number of PrP-plaques; however, the pyramidal tract remained intact. In addition, p-tau was deposited in all cases, where p-tau was present in or around PrP-plaques. By double-labeling immunohistochemistry, the colocalization of p-tau with PrP-plaques was confirmed. Moreover in Case 2, Aβ was deposited in the cerebral cortices. Interestingly, not only p-tau but also Aβ was colocalized with PrP-plaques. In all cases, both three repeat tau and four repeat tau were associated with PrP-plaques. CONCLUSIONS The clinicopathological diversity of GSS105, which is possible even in the same family, was ascertained. Not only p-tau but also Aβ could be induced by PrP ("secondary degeneration"), facilitating the kaleidoscopic symptoms of GSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of NeurologySaitama Medical UniversitySaitamaJapan
- Department of PathologySaitama Medical UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | | | - Kei Shioda
- Department of PathologySaitama Medical UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Hokkaido University Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaidoJapan
| | - Takashi Komori
- Department of PathologyTokyo Metropolitan Neurological HospitalTokyoJapan
| | | | - Tetsuyuki Kitamoto
- Division of CJD Science and Technology, Department of Prion Research, Center for Translational and Advanced Animal Research on Human DiseasesTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineMiyagiJapan
| | - Nobuo Araki
- Department of NeurologySaitama Medical UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | | | - Atsushi Sasaki
- Department of PathologySaitama Medical UniversitySaitamaJapan
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7
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Abstract
Genetic prion diseases (gPrDs) caused by mutations in the prion protein gene (PRNP) have been classified as genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease, or fatal familial insomnia. Mutations in PRNP can be missense, nonsense, and/or octapeptide repeat insertions or, possibly, deletions. These mutations can produce diverse clinical features. They may also show varying ancillary testing results and neuropathological findings. Although the majority of gPrDs have a rapid progression with a short survival time of a few months, many also present as ataxic or parkinsonian disorders, which have a slower decline over a few to several years. A few very rare mutations manifest as neuropsychiatric disorders, with systemic symptoms that include gastrointestinal disorders and neuropathy; these forms can progress over years to decades. In this review, we classify gPrDs as rapid, slow, or mixed types based on their typical rate of progression and duration, and we review the broad spectrum of phenotypes manifested by these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Ohk Kim
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Leonel T Takada
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Katherine Wong
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Sven A Forner
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Michael D Geschwind
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
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8
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Abstract
Genetic prion diseases (gPrDs) caused by mutations in the prion protein gene (PRNP) have been classified as genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease, or fatal familial insomnia. Mutations in PRNP can be missense, nonsense, and/or octapeptide repeat insertions or, possibly, deletions. These mutations can produce diverse clinical features. They may also show varying ancillary testing results and neuropathological findings. Although the majority of gPrDs have a rapid progression with a short survival time of a few months, many also present as ataxic or parkinsonian disorders, which have a slower decline over a few to several years. A few very rare mutations manifest as neuropsychiatric disorders, with systemic symptoms that include gastrointestinal disorders and neuropathy; these forms can progress over years to decades. In this review, we classify gPrDs as rapid, slow, or mixed types based on their typical rate of progression and duration, and we review the broad spectrum of phenotypes manifested by these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Ohk Kim
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Leonel T Takada
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Katherine Wong
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Sven A Forner
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Michael D Geschwind
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
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9
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Fenoglio C. Genetics and Epigenetics in the Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Central Nervous System. NEURODEGENER DIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72938-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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10
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Hirano M, Yamagishi Y, Yanagimoto S, Saigoh K, Nakamura Y, Kusunoki S. Time Course of Radiological Imaging and Variable Interindividual Symptoms in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia Associated with p.Arg487His Mutation in the VCP Gene. Eur Neurol 2017; 78:78-83. [PMID: 28738334 DOI: 10.1159/000478906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the time course of radiological imaging of 3 patients from 2 families with VCP-related amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and dementia. Both families shared the same p.Arg487His mutation in the VCP gene encoding valosin-containing protein. The first patient started to have a typical form of ALS, followed by dementia 7 years later. The second patient, a brother of the first one, had frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism. The third patient had simultaneous ALS and dementia. All patients seemed to have progressive brain atrophy as their clinical symptoms progressed. The common and characteristic finding was atrophy of the temporal lobes including the hippocampi. The relation between imaging findings and symptoms varied considerably among the 3 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makito Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Sakai Hospital Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Sakai, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamagishi
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yanagimoto
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Saigoh
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Sakai Hospital Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Sakai, Japan
| | - Susumu Kusunoki
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Takada LT, Kim MO, Cleveland RW, Wong K, Forner SA, Gala II, Fong JC, Geschwind MD. Genetic prion disease: Experience of a rapidly progressive dementia center in the United States and a review of the literature. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:36-69. [PMID: 27943639 PMCID: PMC7207989 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although prion diseases are generally thought to present as rapidly progressive dementias with survival of only a few months, the phenotypic spectrum for genetic prion diseases (gPrDs) is much broader. The majority have a rapid decline with short survival, but many patients with gPrDs present as slowly progressive ataxic or parkinsonian disorders with progression over a few to several years. A few very rare mutations even present as neuropsychiatric disorders, sometimes with systemic symptoms such as gastrointestinal disorders and neuropathy, progressing over years to decades. gPrDs are caused by mutations in the prion protein gene (PRNP), and have been historically classified based on their clinicopathological features as genetic Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease (gJCD), Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS), or Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI). Mutations in PRNP can be missense, nonsense, and octapeptide repeat insertions or a deletion, and present with diverse clinical features, sensitivities of ancillary testing, and neuropathological findings. We present the UCSF gPrD cohort, including 129 symptomatic patients referred to and/or seen at UCSF between 2001 and 2016, and compare the clinical features of the gPrDs from 22 mutations identified in our cohort with data from the literature, as well as perform a literature review on most other mutations not represented in our cohort. E200K is the most common mutation worldwide, is associated with gJCD, and was the most common in the UCSF cohort. Among the GSS-associated mutations, P102L is the most commonly reported and was also the most common at UCSF. We also had several octapeptide repeat insertions (OPRI), a rare nonsense mutation (Q160X), and three novel mutations (K194E, E200G, and A224V) in our UCSF cohort. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel T. Takada
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mee-Ohk Kim
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107
| | - Ross W. Cleveland
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Vermont Children’s Hospital, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401
| | - Katherine Wong
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107
| | - Sven A. Forner
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107
| | - Ignacio Illán Gala
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jamie C. Fong
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107
| | - Michael D. Geschwind
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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