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Yang J, Zhang N, Ding C, He X, Li M, Meng W, Ouyang T. Association between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072319. [PMID: 37380203 PMCID: PMC10410874 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Numerous studies have indicated that chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency is a potential factor in causing multiple sclerosis in recent years, but this conclusion remains unconfirmed. This meta-analysis examined the correlation between multiple sclerosis and chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency. METHODS We searched Embase and Medline (Ovid) for publications published from 1 January 2006 to 1 May 2022. The meta-analysis was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS Eligible studies (n=20) included 3069 participants from seven countries. Pooled analysis indicated that chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency was more frequent in patients with multiple sclerosis than in healthy controls (OR 3.36; 95% CI 1.92 to 5.85; p<0.001) with remarkable heterogeneity among studies (I2=79%). Results were more strongly correlated in subsequent sensitivity analyses, but heterogeneity was also more substantial. We removed studies that initially proposed a chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency team as well as studies by authors involved in or advocating endovascular therapies. CONCLUSIONS Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency is significantly associated with multiple sclerosis and it is more prevalent in patients with multiple sclerosis than in healthy individuals, but considerable heterogeneity of results is still observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cong Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiuying He
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Taohui Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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2
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Results of Numerical Modeling of Blood Flow in the Internal Jugular Vein Exhibiting Different Types of Strictures. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12112862. [PMID: 36428922 PMCID: PMC9689302 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical relevance of nozzle-like strictures in upper parts of the internal jugular veins remains unclear. This study was aimed at understanding flow disturbances caused by such stenoses. Computational fluid dynamics software, COMSOL Multiphysics, was used. Two-dimensional computational domain involved stenosis at the beginning of modeled veins, and a flexible valve downstream. The material of the venous valve was considered to be hyperelastic. In the vein models with symmetric 2-leaflets valve without upstream stenosis or with minor 30% stenosis, the flow was undisturbed. In the case of major 60% and 75% upstream stenosis, centerline velocity was positioned asymmetrically, and areas of reverse flow and flow separation developed. In the 2-leaflet models with major stenosis, vortices evoking flow asymmetry were present for the entire course of the model, while the valve leaflets were distorted by asymmetric flow. Our computational fluid dynamics modeling suggests that an impaired outflow from the brain through the internal jugular veins is likely to be primarily caused by pathological strictures in their upper parts. In addition, the jugular valve pathology can be exacerbated by strictures located in the upper segments of these veins.
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Placebo Surgery Controlled Trials: Do They Achieve What They Set Out To Do? A Systematic Review. Ann Surg 2021; 273:1102-1107. [PMID: 33351467 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether placebo surgery controlled trials achieve what they set out to do by investigating discrepancy between projected and actual design aspects of trials identified through systematic review methods. SUMMARY BACKGROUND Interest in placebo surgery controlled trials is growing in response to concerns regarding unnecessary surgery and the societal cost of low-value healthcare. As questions about the justifiability of using placebo controls in surgery have been addressed, attention is now being paid to more practical concerns. METHODS Six databases were searched from inception - May 2020 (MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, Cochrane Library). Placebo surgery controlled trials with a published protocol were included. Three authors extracted "projected" design aspects from protocols and "actual" design aspects from main findings papers. Absolute and relative difference between projected and actual design aspects were presented for each trial. Trials were grouped according to whether they met their target sample size ("completed") and were concluded in a timely fashion. Pairs of authors assessed risk of bias. RESULTS Of 24 trials with data available to analyse; 3 were completed and concluded within target timeframe; 10 were completed and concluded outside the target timeline; 4 were completed without clear target timeframes; 2 were incomplete and concluded within the target framework; 5 were incomplete and concluded outside the target timeline. Trials which reached the recruitment target underestimated trial duration by 88% and number of recruitment sites by 87%. CONCLUSIONS Trialists need to factor additional time and sites into future placebo surgery controlled trials. A robust reporting framework of projected and actual trial design is imperative for trialists to learn from their predecessors. REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42019133296).
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4
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Simka M. An overview of randomized controlled trials on endovascular treatment for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis patients. PHLEBOLOGIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1061-3205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAbout ten years ago it was hoped that venous angioplasty for abnormal veins, primarily the internal jugular veins, will be a much awaited treatment for multiple sclerosis. Yet, a majority of randomized clinical trials on endovascular treatment for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency did not reveal clinical efficacy of these procedures in multiple sclerosis patients. Still, a detailed analysis of these trials suggests that they were poorly designed, underpowered and endovascular techniques used were often far from being optimal. Nonetheless, even considering weak points of these trials, it can be concluded that venous angioplasty should not be used as a routine treatment modality in multiple sclerosis patients. Still, a possibility that some patients may benefit from endovascular treatment cannot be ruled out. This may concern patients at early stage of the disease and presenting with lesions that can easily be managed with balloon angioplasty. Therefore, we need more studies evaluating clinical efficacy of venous angioplasty in selected subgroups of multiple sclerosis patients. Importantly, it has already been demonstrated that venous angioplasty in multiple sclerosis patients is a safe procedure. Thus, also from an ethical point of view, such trials seem justifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Simka
- Department of Anatomy, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
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5
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Bai C, Wang Z, Stone C, Zhou D, Ding J, Ding Y, Ji X, Meng R. Pathogenesis and Management in Cerebrovenous Outflow Disorders. Aging Dis 2021; 12:203-222. [PMID: 33532137 PMCID: PMC7801276 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In keeping with its status as one of the major causes of disability and mortality worldwide, brain damage induced by cerebral arterial disease has been the subject of several decades of scientific investigation, which has resulted in a vastly improved understanding of its pathogenesis. Brain injury mediated by venous etiologies, however, such as cerebral, jugular, and vertebral venous outflow disturbance, have been largely ignored by clinicians. Unfortunately, this inattention is not proportional to the severity of cerebral venous diseases, as the impact they exact on the quality of life of affected patients may be no less than that of arterial diseases. This is evident in disease sequelae such as cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT)-mediated visual impairment, epilepsy, and intracranial hypertension; and the long-term unbearable head noise, tinnitus, headache, dizziness, sleeping disorder, and even severe intracranial hypertension induced by non-thrombotic cerebral venous sinus (CVS) stenosis and/or internal jugular venous (IJV) stenosis. In addition, the vertebral venous system (VVS), a large volume, valveless vascular network that stretches from the brain to the pelvis, provides a conduit for diffuse transmission of tumors, infections, or emboli, with potentially devastating clinical consequences. Moreover, the lack of specific features and focal neurologic signs seen with arterial etiologies render cerebral venous disease prone to both to misdiagnoses and missed diagnoses. It is therefore imperative that awareness be raised, and that as comprehensive an understanding as possible of these issues be cultivated. In this review, we attempt to facilitate these goals by systematically summarizing recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of these entities, including CVT, CVS stenosis, and IJV stenosis, with the aim of providing a valid, practical reference for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobo Bai
- 1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,3Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongao Wang
- 1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,3Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Christopher Stone
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Da Zhou
- 1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,3Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayue Ding
- 1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,3Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- 3Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,4Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- 2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,3Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,5Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Meng
- 1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,3Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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6
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Bai C, Wang Z, Guan J, Jin K, Ding Y, Ji X, Meng R. Clinical characteristics and neuroimaging findings in eagle syndrome induced internal jugular vein stenosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:97. [PMID: 32175390 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Eagle syndrome is a condition that causes pharyngeal pain, facial pain, swallowing difficulties, and symptoms of arterial impingement due to the elongated styloid process. However, few reports were about eagle syndrome with venous compression up to now. This study aimed to identify the clinical profiles of the internal jugular vein stenosis (IJVS) related eagle syndrome comprehensively. Methods A total of 27 patients, who were diagnosed as IJVS induced by styloid process compression were enrolled. The clinical manifestations and imaging features were analyzed. Results Styloid process compression was presented in all of the 27 IJVS patients, in which, the top three symptoms included insomnia (81.5%), tinnitus (63.0%) and head noises (63.0%). The most vulnerable segment of internal jugular vein (IJV) was J3 segment (96.3%). The average styloid process length in our study was 3.7 cm. Hearing impairment was more common in bilateral IJVS (68.8% vs. 18.2%, P=0.018). One patient reported significant relief of symptoms at 1 year follow-up after underwent styloidectomy combined with stenting. Conclusions Neurological symptoms of eagle syndrome induced IJVS were various, including either arterial or venous issues. Better understanding of this disease entity may be helpful for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobo Bai
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China.,Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100000, China.,Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Zhongao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China.,Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100000, China.,Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jingwei Guan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China.,Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100000, China.,Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Kexin Jin
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China.,Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100000, China.,Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100000, China.,Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Ran Meng
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China.,Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100000, China.,Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China
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Ferral H. Commentary: "Brave Dreams" Reanalysis Sheds New Light on Angioplasty for Venous Anomalies in Some Multiple Sclerosis Patients With Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency. J Endovasc Ther 2020; 27:18-19. [PMID: 31948374 DOI: 10.1177/1526602819894300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hector Ferral
- Section of Interventional Radiology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston Hospital, Evanston, IL, USA
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8
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Zamboni P, Galeotti R, Salvi F, Giaquinta A, Setacci C, Alborino S, Guzzardi G, Sclafani SJ, Maietti E, Veroux P. Effects of Venous Angioplasty on Cerebral Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis: Expanded Analysis of the Brave Dreams Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Randomized Trial. J Endovasc Ther 2019; 27:1526602819890110. [PMID: 31735108 PMCID: PMC6970429 DOI: 10.1177/1526602819890110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate if jugular vein flow restoration in various venographic defects indicative of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients can have positive effects on cerebral lesions identified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: The Brave Dreams trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01371760) was a multicenter, randomized, parallel group, double-blind, sham-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of jugular venoplasty in MS patients with CCSVI. Between August 2012 and March 2016, 130 patients (mean age 39.9±10.6 years; 81 women) with relapsing/remitting (n=115) or secondary/progressive (n=15) MS were randomized 2:1 to venography plus angioplasty (n=86) or venography (sham; n=44). Patients and study personnel (except the interventionist) were masked to treatment assignment. MRI data acquired at 6 and 12 months after randomization were compared to the preoperative scan for new and/or >30% enlargement of T2 lesions plus new gadolinium enhancement of pre-existing lesions. The relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated and compared. In a post hoc assessment, venograms of patients who underwent venous angioplasty were graded as “favorable” (n=38) or “unfavorable” (n=30) for dilation according to the Giaquinta grading system by 4 investigators blinded to outcomes. These subgroups were also compared. Results: Of the 130 patients enrolled, 125 (96%) completed the 12-month MRI follow-up. Analysis showed that the likelihood of being free of new cerebral lesions at 1 year was significantly higher after venoplasty compared to the sham group (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.01, p=0.032). Patients with favorable venograms had a significantly higher probability of being free of new cerebral lesions than patients with unfavorable venograms (RR 1.82, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.83, p=0.005) or patients in the sham arm (RR 1.66, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.37, p=0.005). Conclusion: Expanded analysis of the Brave Dreams data that included secondary/progressive MS patients in addition to the relapsing/remitting patients analyzed previously showed that venoplasty decreases new cerebral lesions at 1 year. Post hoc analysis confirmed the efficacy of the Giaquinta grading system in selecting patients appropriate for venoplasty who were more likely to be free from accumulation of new cerebral lesions at MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zamboni
- HUB Center for Venous and Lymphatics Disorders of the Emilia Romagna Region, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Galeotti
- Unit of Interventional Radiology, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Salvi
- IRCCS of the Neurosciences, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Giaquinta
- Unit of Vascular Surgery and Transplantation, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Carlo Setacci
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Elisa Maietti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna Center for Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
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Zamboni P, Tesio L, Galimberti S, Massacesi L, Salvi F, D'Alessandro R, Cenni P, Galeotti R, Papini D, D'Amico R, Simi S, Valsecchi MG, Filippini G. Efficacy and Safety of Extracranial Vein Angioplasty in Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol 2019; 75:35-43. [PMID: 29150995 PMCID: PMC5833494 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.3825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Question What is the efficacy of venous percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in patients with multiple sclerosis? Findings In the Brave Dreams trial, which included 115 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, venous PTA did not increase the proportion of patients who improved functionally nor did it reduce the mean number of new combined brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging at 12 months. However, there was a tendency for more patients to become free of new lesions after venous PTA mainly because of a reduction in new lesions appearing 6 to 12 months after randomization. Meaning Venous PTA cannot be recommended for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Importance Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is characterized by restricted venous outflow from the brain and spinal cord. Whether this condition is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) and whether venous percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is beneficial in persons with MS and CCSVI is controversial. Objective To determine the efficacy and safety of venous PTA in patients with MS and CCSVI. Design, Setting, and Participants We analyzed 177 patients with relapsing-remitting MS; 62 were ineligible, including 47 (26.6%) who did not have CCSVI on color Doppler ultrasonography screening. A total of 115 patients were recruited in the study timeframe. All patients underwent a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, parallel-group trial in 6 MS centers in Italy. The trial began in August 2012 and concluded in March 2016; data were analyzed from April 2016 to September 2016. The analysis was intention to treat. Interventions Patients were randomly allocated (2:1) to either venous PTA or catheter venography without venous angioplasty (sham). Main Outcomes and Measures Two primary end points were assessed at 12 months: (1) a composite functional measure (ie, walking control, balance, manual dexterity, postvoid residual urine volume, and visual acuity) and (2) a measure of new combined brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging, including the proportion of lesion-free patients. Combined lesions included T1 gadolinium-enhancing lesions plus new or enlarged T2 lesions. Results Of the included 115 patients with relapsing-remitting MS, 76 were allocated to the PTA group (45 female [59%]; mean [SD] age, 40.0 [10.3] years) and 39 to the sham group (29 female [74%]; mean [SD] age, 37.5 [10.6] years); 112 (97.4%) completed follow-up. No serious adverse events occurred. Flow restoration was achieved in 38 of 71 patients (54%) in the PTA group. The functional composite measure did not differ between the PTA and sham groups (41.7% vs 48.7%; odds ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.34-1.68; P = .49). The mean (SD) number of combined lesions on magnetic resonance imaging at 6 to 12 months were 0.47 (1.19) in the PTA group vs 1.27 (2.65) in the sham group (mean ratio, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15-0.91; P = .03: adjusted P = .09) and were 1.40 (4.21) in the PTA group vs 1.95 (3.73) in the sham group at 0 to 12 months (mean ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.32-1.63; P = .45; adjusted P = .45). At follow-up after 6 to 12 months, 58 of 70 patients (83%) in the PTA group and 22 of 33 (67%) in the sham group were free of new lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (odds ratio, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.11-6.28; P = .03; adjusted P = .09). At 0 to 12 months, 46 of 73 patients (63.0%) in the PTA group and 18 of 37 (49%) in the sham group were free of new lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (odds ratio, 1.80; 95% CI, 0.81-4.01; P = .15; adjusted P = .30). Conclusion and Relevance Venous PTA has proven to be a safe but largely ineffective technique; the treatment cannot be recommended in patients with MS. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01371760
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zamboni
- Translational Surgery and Vascular Diseases Centre, University of Ferrara Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Tesio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Chair of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Italian Auxologico Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Galimberti
- Center of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Massacesi
- Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Salvi
- Institute of the Neurological Science, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Donato Papini
- Regional Agency for Health and Social Care, Regione Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Roberto D'Amico
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvana Simi
- MS Cochrane Group. Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Valsecchi
- Center of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Graziella Filippini
- Scientific Director's Office, Carlo Besta Foundation and Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
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Napoli V, Berchiolli R, Carboncini MC, Sartucci F, Marconi M, Bocci T, Perrone O, Mannoni N, Congestrì C, Benedetti R, Morganti R, Caramella D, Cioni R, Ferrari M. Percutaneous Venous Angioplasty in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency: A Randomized Wait List Control Study. Ann Vasc Surg 2019; 62:275-286. [PMID: 31445091 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (vPTA) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) have shown contradictory results. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of the procedure in a randomized wait list control study. METHODS 66 adults with neurologist-confirmed diagnosis of MS and sonographic diagnosis of CCSVI were allocated into vPTA-yes group (n = 31) or vPTA-not group (n = 35, control group). vPTA was performed immediately 15 days after randomization in the PTA-yes group and 6 months later in the control group. Evoked potentials (EPs), clinical-functional measures (CFMs), and upper limb kinematic measures (ULKMs) were measured at baseline (T0) and six months after in both groups, just before the venous angioplasty in the vPTA-not group (T1). RESULTS Comparing the vPTA-yes and vPTA-not group, the CFM-derived composite functional outcome showed 11 (37%) versus 7 (20%) improved, 1 (3%) versus 3 (8%) stable, 0 versus 7 (20%) worsened, and 19 (61%) versus 18 (51%) mixed patients (χ2 = 8.71, df = 3, P = 0.03). Unadjusted and adjusted (for baseline confounding variables) odds ratio at 95% confidence interval were, respectively, 1.93 (1.3-2.8), P value 0.0007, and 1.85 (1.2-1.7), P value 0.002. EP- and ULKM-derived composite functional outcome showed no significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Venous angioplasty can positively impact a few CFMs especially for the quality of life but achieving disability improvement is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicio Napoli
- Unit of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaella Berchiolli
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, Department of Traslational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Carboncini
- Section of Severe Acquired Brain Injuries, Department of Traslational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Sartucci
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Marconi
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, Department of Traslational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Bocci
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Orsola Perrone
- Unit of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Mannoni
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Congestrì
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Benedetti
- Section of Severe Acquired Brain Injuries, Department of Traslational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Davide Caramella
- Unit of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Traslational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Cioni
- Unit of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, Department of Traslational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
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Gandhi S, Marr K, Mancini M, Caprio MG, Jakimovski D, Chandra A, Hagemeier J, Hojnacki D, Kolb C, Weinstock-Guttman B, Zivadinov R. No association between variations in extracranial venous anatomy and clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis patients over 5 years. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:121. [PMID: 31185944 PMCID: PMC6560860 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background No longitudinal, long-term, follow-up studies have explored the association between presence and severity of variations in extracranial venous anatomy, and clinical outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective This prospective 5-year follow-up study assessed the relationship of variations in extracranial venous anatomy, indicative of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) on Doppler sonography, according to the International Society for Neurovascular Disease (ISNVD) proposed consensus criteria, with clinical outcomes and disease progression in MS patients. Methods 90 MS patients (52 relapsing-remitting, RRMS and 38 secondary-progressive, SPMS) and 38 age- and sex-matched HIs were prospectively followed for 5.5 years. Extracranial and transcranial Doppler-based venous hemodynamic assessment was conducted at baseline and follow-up to determine the extent of variations in extracranial venous anatomy. Change in Expanded Disability Status Scale (∆EDSS), development of disability progression (DP) and annualized relapse rate (ARR) were assessed. Results No significant differences were observed in MS patients, based on their presence of variations in extracranial venous anatomy at baseline or at the follow-up, in ∆EDSS, development of DP or ARR. While more MS patients had ISNVD CCSVI criteria fulfilled at baseline compared to HIs (58% vs. 37%, p = 0.03), no differences were found at the 5-year follow-up (61% vs. 56%, p = 0.486). Discussion This is the longest follow-up study assessing the longitudinal relationship between the presence of variations in extracranial venous anatomy and clinical outcomes in MS patients. Conclusion: The presence of variations in extracranial venous anatomy does not influence clinical outcomes over the 5-year follow-up in MS patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12883-019-1350-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirin Gandhi
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Karen Marr
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Marcello Mancini
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Caprio
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Dejan Jakimovski
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Avinash Chandra
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jesper Hagemeier
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - David Hojnacki
- Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Channa Kolb
- Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. .,Center for Biomedical Imaging at Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Jagannath VA, Pucci E, Asokan GV, Robak EW. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for treatment of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) in people with multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 5:CD009903. [PMID: 31150100 PMCID: PMC6543952 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009903.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults. The most widely accepted hypothesis regarding its pathogenesis is that it is an immune-mediated disease. It has been hypothesised that intraluminal defects, compression, or hypoplasia in the internal jugular or azygos veins may be important factors in the pathogenesis of MS. This condition has been named 'chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency' (CCSVI). It has been suggested that these intraluminal defects restrict the normal blood flow from the brain and spinal cord, causing the deposition of iron in the brain and the eventual triggering of an auto-immune response. The proposed treatment for CCSVI is venous percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), which is claimed to improve the blood flow in the brain thereby alleviating some of the symptoms of MS. This is an update of a review first published in 2012. OBJECTIVES To assess the benefit and safety of venous PTA in people with MS and CCSVI. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Multiple Sclerosis and Rare Diseases of the Central Nervous System Group's Specialised Register up to 30 August 2018, CENTRAL (in the Cochrane Library 2018, issue 8), MEDLINE up to 30 August 2018, Embase up to 30 August 2018, metaRegister of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov., the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry platform. We examined the bibliographies of the included and excluded studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in which PTA and sham interventions were compared in adults with MS and CCSVI. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed study eligibility and risk of bias, and extracted data. We reported results as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We performed statistical analyses using the random-effects model; and we assessed the certainty of the evidence using GRADE. MAIN RESULTS We included three RCTs (238 participants) in this update. One hundred and thirty-four participants were randomised to PTA and 104 to sham treatment. We attributed low risk of bias to two (67%) studies for sequence generation and two (67%) studies for performance bias. All studies were at a low risk of detection bias, attrition bias, reporting bias and other potential sources of bias.There was moderate-quality evidence to suggest that venous PTA did not increase the proportion of patients who had operative or post-operative serious adverse events compared with the sham procedure (RR 3.33, 95% CI 0.36 to 30.44; 3 studies, 238 participants); nor did it increase the proportion of patients who improved on a functional composite measure including walking control, balance, manual dexterity, postvoid residual urine volume, and visual acuity over 12-month follow-up (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.30; 1 study, 110 participants); nor did it reduce the proportion of patients who experienced new relapses at six- or 12-month follow-up (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.49; 3 studies, 235 participants). There was no effect of venous PTA on disability worsening measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale, which was reported at follow-up intervals of six months (one study), 11 months (one study) and 12 months (one study). Quality of life was reported in two studies with no difference between treatment groups. Moderate or severe pain during or post venography was reported in both PTA and sham-procedure participants in all included studies. Venous PTA was not effective in restoring blood flow assessed at one-month (one study) or 12-month follow-up (one study). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This systematic review identified moderate-quality evidence that, compared with sham procedure, venous PTA intervention did not provide benefit on patient-centred outcomes (disability, physical or cognitive functions, relapses, quality of life) in people with MS. Venous PTA has proven to be a safe technique but in view of the available evidence of its ineffectiveness, this intervention cannot be recommended in people with MS. All ongoing trials were withdrawn or terminated and hence this updated review is conclusive. No further randomised clinical studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanitha A Jagannath
- American Mission HospitalDepartment of PaediatricsManamaManamaBahrainPO Box 1
| | - Eugenio Pucci
- ASUR Marche ‐ Zona Territoriale 9U.O. Neurologia ‐ Ospedale di MacerataVia Santa Lucia, 3MacerataItaly62100
| | - Govindaraj V Asokan
- University of BahrainCollege of Health SciencesSalmaniya Medical ComplexManamaBahrain
| | - Edward W Robak
- MS ConsumerApt 207, 825 McLeod AveFrederictonNBCanadaE3B 9V4
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Jakimovski D, Topolski M, Genovese AV, Weinstock-Guttman B, Zivadinov R. Vascular aspects of multiple sclerosis: emphasis on perfusion and cardiovascular comorbidities. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:445-458. [PMID: 31003583 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1610394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. Over the last two decades, more favorable MS long-term outcomes have contributed toward increase in prevalence of the aged MS population. Emergence of age-associated pathology, such as cardiovascular diseases, may interact with the MS pathophysiology and further contribute to disease progression. Areas covered: This review summarizes the cardiovascular involvement in MS pathology, its disease activity, and progression. The cardiovascular health, the presence of various cardiovascular diseases, and their effect on MS cognitive performance are further explored. In similar fashion, the emerging evidence of a higher incidence of extracranial arterial pathology and its association with brain MS pathology are discussed. Finally, the authors outline the methodologies behind specific perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound Doppler techniques, which allow measurement of disease-specific and age-specific vascular changes in the aging population and MS patients. Expert opinion: Cardiovascular pathology significantly contributes to worse clinical and MRI-derived disease outcomes in MS. Global and regional cerebral hypoperfusion may be associated with poorer physical and cognitive performance. Prevention, improved detection, and treatment of the cardiovascular-based pathology may improve the overall long-term health of MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Jakimovski
- a Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo , NY , USA.,b Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Matthew Topolski
- a Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Antonia Valentina Genovese
- a Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo , NY , USA.,c Institute of Radiology, Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- b Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- a Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo , NY , USA.,b Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , NY , USA.,d Center for Biomedical Imaging at Clinical Translational Science Institute , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo , NY , USA
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Hynes SM, Ghahari S, Forwell SJ. "Waiting for Science to Catch up with Practice": an examination of 10-year YouTube trends in discussions of chronic cerebral spinal venous insufficiency treatment for multiple sclerosis. Inform Health Soc Care 2019; 44:327-337. [PMID: 30913949 DOI: 10.1080/17538157.2019.1582052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this longitudinal study examined, first, whether people with multiple sclerosis who previously advocated for angioplasty to treat chronic cerebral spinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) through YouTube continued reporting benefits. Second, it examined a new cohort reporting on CCSVI treatment, and third, whether perspectives have changed.Method: YouTube videos from August 2011 to January 2019 related to CCSVI were retrieved. Once retrieved, all videos were compiled, classified and analyzed. Categorical data were reported and a pre-determined code-book was used to code videos. Data from the videos were extracted and analyzed using discourse analysis.Results: 1293 videos related to CCSVI were uploaded by 54 people with multiple sclerosis who met the inclusion criteria. YouTube videos uploaded by people with multiple sclerosis have shifted in volume and message. The initial surge in interest in CCSVI treatment has diminished, but there still exists strong advocates for its use. There appears to be an inconsistency between positive results, actual improvements in symptoms, and the overall messages reported. Very little long-term data was available as the procedure is relatively new.Conclusion: Practitioners may be faced with pressure to provide unproven treatments in the future and should be understanding but evidence-driven when supporting multiple sclerosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad M Hynes
- Discipline of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Áras Moyola, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Setareh Ghahari
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.,Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Susan J Forwell
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Simka M, Skuła M. Potential Involvement of Impaired Venous Outflow from the Brain in Neurodegeneration: Lessons Learned from the Research on Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2019; 14:235-236. [PMID: 31735160 DOI: 10.2174/157488711404191016122006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
About 10 years ago, the so-called chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency syndrome was discovered. This clinical entity, which is associated with extracranial venous abnormalities that impair venous outflow from the brain, was initially found exclusively in multiple sclerosis patients. Currently, we know that such venous lesions can also be revealed in other neurological pathologies, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Although direct causative role of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in these neurological diseases still remains elusive, in this paper, we suggest that perhaps an abnormal venous drainage of the brain affects functioning of the glymphatic system, which in turn results in the accumulation of pathological proteins in the cerebral tissue (such as β-synuclein, β-amyloid and α-synuclein) and triggers the venous outflow from the cranial cavity and circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid in the settings of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Simka
- Department of Anatomy, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Marcin Skuła
- Department of Anatomy, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
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16
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Naylor AR. Last Words on Last Words? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2018; 56:617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2018.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Traboulsee AL, Machan L, Girard JM, Raymond J, Vosoughi R, Hardy BW, Emond F, Gariepy JL, Bone JN, Siskin G, Klass D, Isserow S, Illes J, Sadovnick AD, Li DK. Safety and efficacy of venoplasty in MS: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled phase II trial. Neurology 2018; 91:e1660-e1668. [PMID: 30266886 PMCID: PMC6207414 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of balloon vs sham venoplasty of narrowing of the extracranial jugular and azygos veins in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Patients with relapsing or progressive MS were screened using clinical and ultrasound criteria. After confirmation of >50% narrowing by venography, participants were randomized 1:1 to receive balloon or sham venoplasty of all stenoses and were followed for 48 weeks. Participants and research staff were blinded to intervention allocation. The primary safety outcome was the number of adverse events (AEs) during 48 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome was the change from baseline to week 48 in the patient-reported outcome MS Quality of Life–54 (MSQOL-54) questionnaire. Standardized clinical and MRI outcomes were also evaluated. Results One hundred four participants were randomized (55 sham; 49 venoplasty) and 103 completed 48 weeks of follow-up. Twenty-three sham and 21 venoplasty participants reported at least 1 AE; one sham (2%) and 5 (10%) venoplasty participants had a serious AE. The mean improvement in MSQOL-54 physical score was +1.3 (sham) and +1.4 (venoplasty) (p = 0.95); MSQOL-54 mental score was +1.2 (sham) and −0.8 (venoplasty) (p = 0.55). Conclusions Our data do not support the continued use of venoplasty of extracranial jugular and/or azygous venous narrowing to improve patient-reported outcomes, chronic MS symptoms, or the disease course of MS. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01864941. Classification of evidence This study provides Class I evidence that for patients with MS, balloon venoplasty of extracranial jugular and azygous veins is not beneficial in improving patient-reported, standardized clinical, or MRI outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Traboulsee
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY.
| | - Lindsay Machan
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - J Marc Girard
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - Jean Raymond
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - Reza Vosoughi
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - Brian W Hardy
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - Francois Emond
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - Jean-Luc Gariepy
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - Jeffrey N Bone
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - Gary Siskin
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - Darren Klass
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - Saul Isserow
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - Judy Illes
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - A Dessa Sadovnick
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - David K Li
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
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Zamboni P, Menegatti E, Cittanti C, Sisini F, Gianesini S, Salvi F, Mascoli F. Fixing the jugular flow reduces ventricle volume and improves brain perfusion. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2018; 4:434-45. [PMID: 27638998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased ventricle volume and brain hypoperfusion are linked to neurodegeneration. We hypothesized that in patients with restricted jugular flow, surgical restoration may reduce brain ventricle volume, because it should improve the pressure gradient, hence promoting cerebrospinal fluid reabsorption into the venous system. METHODS The effects of restoring the jugular flow were assessed by means of a validated echocardiography with color Doppler (ECD) protocol of flow quantification, magnetic resonance venography, and single-photon emission computed tomography combined with computed tomography (SPECT-CT). The main outcome measurement was the cerebral ventricle volume blindly assessed at SPECT-CT. Secondary outcomes were brain perfusion in the whole brain and in another 12 cerebral regions. The mean follow-up of the SPECT-CT and ECD parameters was 30 days. Patency rate was subsequently monitored by means of the same ECD protocol every 3 months. RESULTS Among 56 patients (28 male and 28 female; mean age, 44 ± 10 years) with ECD screening positive for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency due to nonmobile jugular leaflets, 15 patients were excluded from the initial cohort because they did not meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the remaining 41 patients, 27 patients (14 male, 13 female; mean age, 48 ± 7 years) underwent endophlebectomy and autologous vein patch angioplasty. Omohyoid muscle section was performed when appropriate. The control group comprised 14 patients matched by age and gender (8 male, 6 female; mean age, 44 ± 11 years) who were not treated. Comorbidity was multiple sclerosis without significant differences in relapsing remitting (RR) and secondary progressive (SP) clinical course among groups. In the control group, neither ECD nor SPECT-CT showed any significant changes at follow-up. On the contrary, in the group operated on, the collateral flow index went from 70% to 30% (P < .0003) thanks to improved flow through the internal jugular vein. Correspondingly, ventricle volume dramatically decreased in the treated group (from 34 ± 14 cm(3) to 31 ± 13 cm(3); P < .01). The effect was much more evident in the RR subgroup (P = .009), whereas in the SP subgroup, it was not significant. Perfusion was found to be improved in the surgical group with respect to controls, particularly in the occipital and parietal regions of the RR subgroup (P < .0001 and P = .017, respectively), but not in the SP subgroup. The probability of reducing ventricle size is increased by 13-fold (P < .03) when restoration of the jugular flow achieves a postoperative collateral flow index ≤20%. Finally, the 18-month patency rate was 74%. CONCLUSIONS Fixing the flow in the jugulars in patients with chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency might significantly reduce brain ventricle volume and improve cerebral perfusion. These changes are more evident in patients in the earlier stages of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zamboni
- Unit of Translational Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Erica Menegatti
- Unit of Translational Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Corrado Cittanti
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Gianesini
- Unit of Translational Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Mascoli
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Ferrara, Italy
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Zhou D, Ding JY, Ya JY, Pan LQ, Yan F, Yang Q, Ding YC, Ji XM, Meng R. Understanding jugular venous outflow disturbance. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:473-482. [PMID: 29687619 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracranial venous abnormalities, especially jugular venous outflow disturbance, were originally viewed as nonpathological phenomena due to a lack of realization and exploration of their feature and clinical significance. The etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear, whereas a couple of causal factors have been conjectured. The clinical presentation of this condition is highly variable, ranging from insidious to symptomatic, such as headaches, dizziness, pulsatile tinnitus, visual impairment, sleep disturbance, and neck discomfort or pain. Standard diagnostic criteria are not available, and current diagnosis largely depends on a combinatory use of imaging modalities. Although few researches have been conducted to gain evidence-based therapeutic approach, several recent advances indicate that intravenous angioplasty in combination with stenting implantation may be a safe and efficient way to restore normal blood circulation, alleviate the discomfort symptoms, and enhance patients' quality of life. In addition, surgical removal of structures that constrain the internal jugular vein may serve as an alternative or adjunctive management when endovascular intervention is not feasible. Notably, discussion on every aspect of this newly recognized disease entity is in the infant stage and efforts with more rigorous designed, randomized controlled studies in attempt to identify the pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and effective approaches to its treatment will provide a profound insight into this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Yue Ding
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Ya
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qun Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Chuan Ding
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xun-Ming Ji
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Meng
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Gruszecki M, Nuckowska MK, Szarmach A, Radkowski M, Szalewska D, Waskow M, Szurowska E, Frydrychowski AF, Demkow U, Winklewski PJ. Oscillations of Subarachnoid Space Width as a Potential Marker of Cerebrospinal Fluid Pulsatility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1070:37-47. [PMID: 29435957 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation, two components can be distinguished: bulk flow (circulation) and pulsatile flow (back and forth motion). CSF pulsatile flow is generated by both cardiac and respiratory cycles. Recent years have seen increased interest in cardiac- and respiratory-driven CSF pulsatility as an important component of cerebral homeostasis. CSF pulsatility is affected by cerebral arterial inflow and jugular outflow and potentially linked to white matter abnormalities in various diseases, such as multiple sclerosis or hypertension. In this review, we discuss the physiological mechanisms associated with CSF pulsation and its clinical significance. Finally, we explain the concept of using the oscillations of subarachnoid space width as a surrogate for CSF pulsatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Gruszecki
- Department of Radiology Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Arkadiusz Szarmach
- Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Radkowski
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Szalewska
- Chair of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Waskow
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Slupsk Pomeranian University, Slupsk, Poland
| | - Edyta Szurowska
- Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel J Winklewski
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
- Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Slupsk Pomeranian University, Slupsk, Poland.
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22
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Giaquinta A, Beggs CB, Veroux M, De Marco E, Sanzone A, Virgilio C, Veroux P. Factors influencing the hemodynamic response to balloon angioplasty in the treatment of outflow anomalies of internal jugular veins. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2017; 5:777-788. [PMID: 29037345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the internal jugular veins (IJVs) has been proposed in recent years to treat chronic cerebrovascular venous insufficiency, with discordant results. Moreover, very little is known about the efficacy of PTA in restoring a normal cerebral venous outflow. The aim of this study was to investigate the anatomic factors and patient characteristics that might influence the efficacy of PTA of the IJV. METHODS There were 797 consecutive patients with venous outflow anomalies who underwent standardized, operator-independent catheter venography and PTA of the IJVs. Before and after PTA, morphologic and hemodynamic anomalies of the IJVs were documented. The primary end point of the study was to evaluate the morphologic factors influencing the efficacy of angioplasty in improving IJV outflow. RESULTS PTA resulted in an increased outflow through the IJVs in most patients. However, younger individuals with transverse endoluminal defects and higher pre-PTA flows are more likely to respond well to PTA compared with those who exhibit hypoplasia, stenosis, or longitudinal endoluminal defects. CONCLUSIONS This study identified the factors that influence and could predict the efficacy of PTA in the treatment of IJV anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Giaquinta
- Vascular Surgery and Organ Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Clive B Beggs
- Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Carnegie Faculty, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Massimiliano Veroux
- Vascular Surgery and Organ Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Ester De Marco
- Vascular Surgery and Organ Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Adalberto Sanzone
- Vascular Surgery and Organ Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Virgilio
- Vascular Surgery and Organ Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Veroux
- Vascular Surgery and Organ Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Hartogsohn I. Set and setting, psychedelics and the placebo response: An extra-pharmacological perspective on psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:1259-1267. [PMID: 27852960 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116677852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Placebo response theory and set and setting theory are two fields which examine how non-biological factors shape the response to therapy. Both consider factors such as expectancy, preparation and beliefs to be crucial for understanding the extra-pharmacological processes which shape the response to drugs. Yet there are also fundamental differences between the two theories. Set and setting concerns itself with response to psychoactive drugs only; placebo theory relates to all therapeutic interventions. Placebo theory is aimed at medical professionals; set and setting theory is aimed at professionals and drug users alike. Placebo theory is primarily descriptive, describing how placebo acts; set and setting theory is primarily prescriptive, educating therapists and users on how to control and optimize the effects of drugs. This paper examines how placebo theory and set and setting theory can complement and benefit each other, broadening our understanding of how non-biological factors shape response to drugs and other treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Hartogsohn
- Science, Technology and Society Program, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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24
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Some recent advances in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2016; 263:1880-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Medical Tourism for CCSVI Procedures in People with Multiple Sclerosis: An Observational Study. Can J Neurol Sci 2016; 43:360-7. [PMID: 26891024 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2015.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many Canadians with multiple sclerosis (MS) have recently travelled internationally to have procedures for a putative condition called chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI). Here, we describe where and when they went and describe the baseline characteristics of persons with MS who participated in this non-evidence-based medical tourism for CCSVI procedures. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal observational study that used online questionnaires to collect patient-reported information about the safety, experiences, and outcomes following procedures for CCSVI. A convenience sample of all Albertans with MS was recruited between July 2011 and March 2013. RESULTS In total, 868 individuals enrolled; 704 were included in this cross-sectional, baseline analysis. Of these, 128 (18.2%) participants retrospectively reported having procedures for CCSVI between April 2010 and September 2012. The proportion of participants reporting CCSVI procedures declined from 80 (62.5%) in 2010, to 40 (31.1%) in 2011, and 8 (6.3%) in 2012. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, CCSVI procedures were independently associated with longer disease duration, secondary progressive clinical course, and greater disability status. CONCLUSIONS Although all types of people with MS pursued procedures for CCSVI, a major driver of participation was greater disability. This highlights that those with the greatest disability are the most vulnerable to unproven experimental procedures. Participation in CCSVI procedures waned over time possibly reflecting unmet expectations of treated patients, decreased media attention, or that individuals who wanted procedures had them soon after the CCSVI hypothesis was widely publicized.
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Kugler N, Patel PJ, Lee CJ. Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency in Multiple Sclerosis: A Failed Concept. Vasc Specialist Int 2015. [PMID: 26217638 PMCID: PMC4480289 DOI: 10.5758/vsi.2015.31.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2009 Paolo Zamboni et al. implicated that chronic cerebral venous congestion lead to the development of multiple sclerosis. In this review, we examined the role of chronic cerbrospinal venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis and the proposed therapy entailing venous angioplasty and stenting of extracranial veins with available evidence to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Kugler
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Parag J Patel
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Cheong Jun Lee
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Stolz
- Department of Neurology, Caritasklinikum Saarbruecken Rheinstrasse 2, D-66119, Saarbruecken, Germany
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28
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Tsivgoulis G, Faissner S, Voumvourakis K, Katsanos AH, Triantafyllou N, Grigoriadis N, Gold R, Krogias C. "Liberation treatment" for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis: the truth will set you free. Brain Behav 2015; 5:3-12. [PMID: 25722945 PMCID: PMC4321389 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has recently been introduced as a chronic state of impaired cerebral or cervical venous drainage that may be causally implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Moreover, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of extracranial veins termed "Liberation treatment" has been proposed (based on nonrandomized data) as an alternative therapy for MS. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify available published, peer-reviewed, clinical studies evaluating (1) the association of CCSVI with MS, (2) the reproducibility of proposed ultrasound criteria for CCSVI detection (3) the safety and efficacy of "Liberation treatment" in open-label and randomized-controlled trial (RCT) settings. RESULTS There is substantial heterogeneity between ultrasound case-control studies investigating the association of CCSVI and MS. The majority of independent investigators failed to reproduce the initially reported high prevalence rates of CCSVI in MS. The prevalence of extracranial venous stenoses evaluated by other neuroimaging modalities (contrast or MR venography) is similarly low in MS patients and healthy individuals. One small RCT failed to document any benefit in MS patients with CCSVI receiving "Liberation treatment", while an exacerbation of disease activity was observed. "Liberation treatment" has been complicated by serious adverse events (SAEs) in open-label studies (e.g., stroke, internal jugular vein thrombosis, stent migration, hydrocephalus). CONCLUSION CCSVI appears to be a poorly reproducible and clinically irrelevant sonographic construct. "Liberation treatment" has no proven efficacy, may exacerbate underlying disease activity and has been complicated with SAEs. "Liberation treatment" should stop being offered to MS patients even in the settings of RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens Athens, Greece ; International Clinical Research Center, Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic ; Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, TN
| | - Simon Faissner
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Voumvourakis
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Aristeidis H Katsanos
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikos Triantafyllou
- First Department of Neurology, "Eginition" Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Christos Krogias
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
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Recommendations for Multimodal Noninvasive and Invasive Screening for Detection of Extracranial Venous Abnormalities Indicative of Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency: A Position Statement of the International Society for Neurovascular Disease. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2014; 25:1785-94.e17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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