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Liu J, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Pan H, Liu Z, Xu Q, Lu S, Jiang H, Wang J, Sun Q, Tan J, Yan X, Li J, Tang B, Guo J. Comprehensive variant analysis of phospholipase A2 superfamily genes in large Chinese Parkinson' s disease cohorts. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 219:111940. [PMID: 38750970 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
To clarify the genetic role of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) genes in Parkinson's disease (PD), we performed a genetic association study in large Chinese population cohorts using next-generation sequencing. In this study, we analyzed both rare and common variants of 38 phospholipase A2 genes in two large cohorts. We detected 1558 and 1115 rare variants in these two cohorts, respectively. In both cohorts, we observed suggestive associations between specific subgroups and the risk of PD. At the single-gene level, several genes (PLA2G2D, PLA2G12A, PLA2G12B, PLA2G4F, PNPLA1, PNPLA3, PNPLA7, PLA2G7, PLA2G15, PLAAT5, and ABHD12) are suggestively associated with PD. Meanwhile, 364 and 2261 common variants were identified in two cohorts, respectively. Our study has expanded the genetic spectrum of the PLA2 family genes and suggested potential pathogenetic roles of PLA2 superfamily in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yige Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongxu Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shen Lu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiying Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinxiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinchen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China.
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Cai D, Wu H, Huang B, Xiao W, Du K. A novel variant of PLA2G6 gene related early-onset parkinsonism: a case report and literature review. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1349861. [PMID: 38699051 PMCID: PMC11063335 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1349861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study reported a case of early-onset parkinsonism associated with a novel variant of the PLA2G6 gene. The boy first started showing symptoms at the age of 11, with gait instability and frequent falls. As the disease progressed, his gait instability worsened, and he developed difficulties with swallowing and speaking, although there was no apparent decline in cognitive function. An MRI of the head revealed significant atrophy of the cerebellum. The initial diagnosis for the boy was early-onset parkinsonism, classified as Hoehn-Yahr grade 5.Genomic sequencing of the patient indicated that he had compound heterozygous variations in the PLA2G6 gene: c.1454G>A (p.Gly485Glu) and c.991G>T (p.Asp331Tyr). Pedigree analysis revealed that his younger brother also carried the same variant, albeit with milder symptoms. The patient's unaffected mother was found to be a carrier of the c.991G>T variant. Additionally, this study reviewed 62 unrelated families with PLA2G6 gene-related early-onset parkinsonism. The analysis showed a higher proportion of female probands, with a mean age of onset of ~23.0 years. Primary symptoms were predominantly bradykinesia and psychosis, with tremors being relatively rare. Cerebellar atrophy was observed in 41 patients (66.1%). Among the reported mutations, the most common mutation was c.991G>T, presenting in 21 families (33.9%), followed by c.2222G>A in eight families (12.9%). Other mutations were less common. Notably, the c.991G>T mutation was exclusive to Chinese families and was a prevalent mutation among this population. The initial symptoms varied significantly among patients with different mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kang Du
- Department of Neurology, Qujing First People's Hospital, Qujing, Yunnan, China
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Liu J, Tan J, Tang B, Guo J. Unveiling the role of iPLA 2β in neurodegeneration: From molecular mechanisms to advanced therapies. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107114. [PMID: 38395207 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Calcium-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β), a member of the phospholipase A2 (PLA2s) superfamily, is encoded by the PLA2G6 gene. Mutations in the PLA2G6 gene have been identified as the primary cause of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) and, less commonly, as a contributor to Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent studies have revealed that iPLA2β deficiency leads to neuroinflammation, iron accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid dysregulation, and other pathological changes, forming a complex pathogenic network. These discoveries shed light on potential mechanisms underlying PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) and offer valuable insights for therapeutic development. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental characteristics of iPLA2β, its association with neurodegeneration, the pathogenic mechanisms involved in PLAN, and potential targets for therapeutic intervention. It offers an overview of the latest advancements in this field, aiming to contribute to ongoing research endeavors and facilitate the development of effective therapies for PLAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Deng X, Yuan L, Jankovic J, Deng H. The role of the PLA2G6 gene in neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101957. [PMID: 37236368 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) represents a continuum of clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders with overlapping features. Usually, it encompasses three autosomal recessive diseases, including infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy or neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) 2A, atypical neuronal dystrophy with childhood-onset or NBIA2B, and adult-onset dystonia-parkinsonism form named PARK14, and possibly a certain subtype of hereditary spastic paraplegia. PLAN is caused by variants in the phospholipase A2 group VI gene (PLA2G6), which encodes an enzyme involved in membrane homeostasis, signal transduction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and α-synuclein aggregation. In this review, we discuss PLA2G6 gene structure and protein, functional findings, genetic deficiency models, various PLAN disease phenotypes, and study strategies in the future. Our primary aim is to provide an overview of genotype-phenotype correlations of PLAN subtypes and speculate on the role of PLA2G6 in potential mechanisms underlying these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Deng
- Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Lamei Yuan
- Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-4202, USA
| | - Hao Deng
- Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
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5
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Jagota P, Lim S, Pal PK, Lee J, Kukkle PL, Fujioka S, Shang H, Phokaewvarangkul O, Bhidayasiri R, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Ugawa Y, Aldaajani Z, Jeon B, Diesta C, Shambetova C, Lin C. Genetic Movement Disorders Commonly Seen in Asians. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2023; 10:878-895. [PMID: 37332644 PMCID: PMC10272919 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing availability of molecular genetic testing has changed the landscape of both genetic research and clinical practice. Not only is the pace of discovery of novel disease-causing genes accelerating but also the phenotypic spectra associated with previously known genes are expanding. These advancements lead to the awareness that some genetic movement disorders may cluster in certain ethnic populations and genetic pleiotropy may result in unique clinical presentations in specific ethnic groups. Thus, the characteristics, genetics and risk factors of movement disorders may differ between populations. Recognition of a particular clinical phenotype, combined with information about the ethnic origin of patients could lead to early and correct diagnosis and assist the development of future personalized medicine for patients with these disorders. Here, the Movement Disorders in Asia Task Force sought to review genetic movement disorders that are commonly seen in Asia, including Wilson's disease, spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) types 12, 31, and 36, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease, PLA2G6-related parkinsonism, adult-onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID), and paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. We also review common disorders seen worldwide with specific mutations or presentations that occur frequently in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Jagota
- Chulalongkorn Centre of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross SocietyBangkokThailand
| | - Shen‐Yang Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
- The Mah Pooi Soo & Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's & Related Disorders, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of NeurologyNational Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS)BengaluruIndia
| | - Jee‐Young Lee
- Department of NeurologySeoul Metropolitan Government‐Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center & Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Prashanth Lingappa Kukkle
- Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement DisordersManipal HospitalBangaloreIndia
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders ClinicBangaloreIndia
| | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University, Faculty of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Onanong Phokaewvarangkul
- Chulalongkorn Centre of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross SocietyBangkokThailand
| | - Roongroj Bhidayasiri
- Chulalongkorn Centre of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross SocietyBangkokThailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of ThailandBangkokThailand
| | - Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Deprtment of Human Neurophysiology, Faculty of MedicineFukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
| | - Zakiyah Aldaajani
- Neurology Unit, King Fahad Military Medical ComplexDhahranSaudi Arabia
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of NeurologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Movement Disorder CenterSeoul National University HospitalSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Cid Diesta
- Section of Neurology, Department of NeuroscienceMakati Medical Center, NCRMakatiPhilippines
| | | | - Chin‐Hsien Lin
- Department of NeurologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
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6
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Bakhit Y, Tesson C, Ibrahim MO, Eltom K, Eltazi I, Elsayed LE, Lesage S, Seidi O, Corvol J, Wüllner U. PLA2G6-associated late-onset parkinsonism in a Sudanese family. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:983-989. [PMID: 37139542 PMCID: PMC10270271 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The phospholipase A2 group VI gene (PLA2G6) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic release of fatty acids from phospholipids. Four neurological disorders with infantile, juvenile, or early adult-onset are associated with PLA2G6 genetic alterations, namely infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (ANAD), dystonia-parkinsonism (DP), and autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism (AREP). Few studies in Africa reported PLA2G6-associated disorders and none with parkinsonism of late adult onset. MATERIAL AND METHODS The patients were clinically assessed following UK Brain Bank diagnostic criteria and International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society's Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Brain MRI without contrast was performed. Genetic testing was done using a custom-made Twist panel, screening 34 known genes, 27 risk factors, and 8 candidate genes associated with parkinsonism. Filtered variants were PCR-amplified and validated using Sanger sequencing and also tested in additional family members to study their segregation. RESULT Two siblings born to consanguineous parents developed parkinsonism at the age of 58 and 60 years, respectively. MRI showed an enlarged right hippocampus in patient 2, but no overt abnormalities indicative of INAD or iron deposits. We found two heterozygous variants in PLA2G6, an in-frame deletion NM_003560:c.2070_2072del (p.Val691del) and a missense variant NM_003560:c.956C>T (p.Thr319Met). Both variants were classified as pathogenic. CONCLUSION This is the first case in which PLA2G6 is associated with late-onset parkinsonism. Functional analysis is needed to confirm the dual effect of both variants on the structure and function of iPLA2β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuf Bakhit
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
- Sudan Neuroscience ProjectsUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | - Christelle Tesson
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Pitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalSorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Inserm, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Mohamed O. Ibrahim
- Sudan Neuroscience ProjectsUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineSudan University of Science and TechnologyKhartoumSudan
| | - Khalid Eltom
- Sudan Neuroscience ProjectsUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala Biomedical CenterUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Isra Eltazi
- Department of Neurology, Soba Teaching Hospital, And Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | - Liena E.O. Elsayed
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of MedicinePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Pitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalSorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Inserm, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Osheik Seidi
- Department of Neurology, Soba Teaching Hospital, And Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | - Jean‐Christophe Corvol
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Pitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalSorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Inserm, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
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Xue J, Ding DX, Xu GY, Wang PZ, Ge YL, Zhang JR, Cheng XY, Wang YM, Jin H, Luo SY, Zheng YH, Chen J, Wang F, Li D, Mao CJ, Li K, Liu CF. A systematic analysis of genotype-phenotype associations with PLA2G6. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 112:105477. [PMID: 37285793 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) can be categorized into infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (aNAD), neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), and early-onset parkinsonism (EOP). OBJECTIVES To determine the genotype-phenotype association in PLAN. METHODS "PLA2G6" or "PARK14" or "phospholipase A2 group VI" or "iPLA2β" were searched across MEDLINE from June 23, 1997, to March 1, 2023. A total of 391 patients were identified, and 340 patients of them were finally included in the assessment. RESULTS The loss of function (LOF) mutation ratios were significantly different (p < 0.001), highest in INAD, followed by NBIA, aNAD, and EOP. Four ensemble scores (i.e., BayesDel, VARITY, ClinPred, and MetaRNN) were assessed to predict the deleteriousness of missense mutations and demonstrated significant differences (p < 0.001). Binary logistic regression analyses demonstrated that LOF mutations were independently associated with brain iron accumulation (p = 0.006) and ataxia (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS LOF or more deleterious missense mutations are more likely to promote the development of serious phenotype of PLAN, and LOF mutations are independently associated with brain iron accumulation and ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xue
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dong-Xue Ding
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Pu-Zhi Wang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Lun Ge
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | | | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Neurology, Suqian First People's Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Mao
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Suqian First People's Hospital, Suqian, China.
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Hayashi D, Dennis EA. Molecular basis of unique specificity and regulation of group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A 2 (PNPLA9) and its role in neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108395. [PMID: 36990122 PMCID: PMC10174669 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Glycerophospholipids are major components of cell membranes and consist of a glycerol backbone esterified with one of over 30 unique fatty acids at each of the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. In addition, in some human cells and tissues as much as 20% of the glycerophospholipids contain a fatty alcohol rather than an ester in the sn-1 position, although it can also occur in the sn-2 position. The sn-3 position of the glycerol backbone contains a phosphodiester bond linked to one of more than 10 unique polar head-groups. Hence, humans contain thousands of unique individual molecular species of phospholipids given the heterogeneity of the sn-1 and sn-2 linkage and carbon chains and the sn-3 polar groups. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a superfamily of enzymes that hydrolyze the sn-2 fatty acyl chain resulting in lyso-phospholipids and free fatty acids that then undergo further metabolism. PLA2's play a critical role in lipid-mediated biological responses and membrane phospholipid remodeling. Among the PLA2 enzymes, the Group VIA calcium-independent PLA2 (GVIA iPLA2), also referred to as PNPLA9, is a fascinating enzyme with broad substrate specificity and it is implicated in a wide variety of diseases. Especially notable, the GVIA iPLA2 is implicated in the sequelae of several neurodegenerative diseases termed "phospholipase A2-associated neurodegeneration" (PLAN) diseases. Despite many reports on the physiological role of the GVIA iPLA2, the molecular basis of its enzymatic specificity was unclear. Recently, we employed state-of-the-art lipidomics and molecular dynamics techniques to elucidate the detailed molecular basis of its substrate specificity and regulation. In this review, we summarize the molecular basis of the enzymatic action of GVIA iPLA2 and provide a perspective on future therapeutic strategies for PLAN diseases targeting GVIA iPLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601, USA
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Khan AN, Khan RH. Protein misfolding and related human diseases: A comprehensive review of toxicity, proteins involved, and current therapeutic strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:143-160. [PMID: 36356861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Most of the cell's chemical reactions and structural components are facilitated by proteins. But proteins are highly dynamic molecules, where numerous modifications or changes in the cellular environment can affect their native conformational fold leading to protein aggregation. Various stress conditions, such as oxidative stress, mutations and metal toxicity may cause protein misfolding and aggregation by shifting the conformational equilibrium towards more aggregation-prone states. Most of the protein misfolding diseases (PMDs) involve aggregation of protein. We have discussed such proteins like Aβ peptide, α-synuclein, amylin and lysozyme involved in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, type II diabetes and non-neuropathic systemic amyloidosis respectively. Till date, all advances in PMDs therapeutics help symptomatically but do not prevent the root cause of the disease, i.e., the aggregation of protein involved in the diseases. Current efforts focused on developing therapies for PMDs have employed diverse strategies; repositioning pre-existing drugs as it saves time and money; natural compounds that are touted as potential drug candidates have an advantage of being taken in diet normally and will induce lesser side effects. This review also covers recently developed therapeutic strategies like antisense drugs and disaggregases which has yielded therapeutic agents that have transitioned from preclinical studies into human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asra Nasir Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, AMU, Aligarh 202002, India
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10
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Gao L, Shi C, Lin Q, Wu Y, Hu L, Wang M, Guan J, Lin S, Liao Y, Wu C. Case Report: A case of PLA2G6 gene-related early-onset Parkinson's disease and review of literature. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1064566. [PMID: 36570855 PMCID: PMC9780693 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1064566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with the action ofto genetic factors. A mutated phospholipase A2 type VI gene (PLA2G6) is considered to be one of pathogenic genes involved in EOPD development. Although EOPD caused by a mutated PLA2G6 has been recorded in major databases, not all mutant genotypes have been reported. Here, we report a case of PLA2G6-related EOPD caused by a novel compound heterozygous mutation. Case presentation The case was an of 26-year-old young male with a 2-year course of disease. The onset of the disease was insidious and developed gradually. The patient presented with unsteady walking, bradykinesia, unresponsiveness, and decreased facial expression. Auxiliary examination showed a compound heterozygous mutation of the PLA2G6gene with c.991G > T and c.1427 + 1G > A. Mild atrophy of the cerebrum and cerebellum was detected on brain MRI. The patient was diagnosed with EOPD. We administered treatment with Madopar, which was effective. After a two-year disease course, we observed progression to stage 5 according to the Hoehn-Yahr Scale (without medicine in the off-stage). An MDS-UPDRS III score of 62 was obtained, with characteristics of severe disease and rapid progress. The diagnosis was an EOPD phenotype caused by a combination of mutations at the c.991G > T and c.1427 + 1G > A sites of the PLA2G6gene. Conclusion After active treatment, the disease was set under control, with no significant progression during the three-month follow-up period. Dyskinesia did not recur after reducing the Madopar dose. The freezing sign was slightly decreased and the wearing-off was delayed to 2 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Lili Gao
| | - Chunlan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China
| | - Yujing Wu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China
| | - Liqi Hu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China
| | - Mingwang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China
| | - Jianhua Guan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yuansheng Liao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Chenghan Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fujian, China
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11
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A genetic analysis of Chinese patients with early-onset Parkinson' s disease. Neurosci Lett 2022; 790:136880. [PMID: 36150414 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors play an important role in early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD). The genetic spectrum of patients with EOPD varies widely among different ethnicities, with extensive investigations having been performed in Caucasian populations; however, research in Chinese populations remains limited. In this study, we performed multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay and whole-exome sequencing in 15 unrelated Chinese EOPD patients with age of onset before 40 years. Among them, a patient carried compound heterozygous exon duplications in Parkin (exon 3 duplication and exon 4 duplication) (6.67%) and two patients carried the homozygous pathogenic variant (p.D331Y) in PLA2G6 (13.33%). Three novel variants in EIF4G1 (p.P1043S, p.R1505Q, and p.P266A) were identified and classified as uncertain significance. Additionally, a risk variant in GBA (p.L483P) was detected in one patient (6.67%). PLA2G6 (13.33%) was the most common causative gene among our EOPD patients. Furthermore, detailed clinical features were presented. Our results broaden the genetic spectrum and clinical phenotypic spectrum of EOPD patients.
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12
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Wan Y, Jiang Y, Xie Z, Ling C, Du K, Li R, Yuan Y, Wang Z, Sun W, Jin H. Novel PLA2G6 Pathogenic Variants in Chinese Patients With PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration. Front Neurol 2022; 13:922528. [PMID: 35911906 PMCID: PMC9327523 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.922528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) is a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases caused by biallelic PLA2G6 mutations, covering diseases such as infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (ANAD), dystonia parkinsonism (DP), and autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism (AREP). The study aims to report the clinical and genetic features of a series of PLAN patients. Methods The clinical and radiological findings of five Chinese patients from three families were collected. Whole-exome next generation sequencing (NGS) was applied to identify the genetic causes. Co-segregation analysis of the detected candidate variants were performed in their families. The pathogenicity of identified novel variants was predicted by in silico analysis. Results NGS revealed compound heterozygous variants of PLA2G6 gene in all five patients. There were six PLA2G6 variants identified, including two known variants (c.116G>A, c.238G>A) and four novel variants (c.2120dupA, c.2071C>G, c.967G>A, c1534T>A). ACMG predicts c.2120dupA to be pathogenic, c.2071C>G and c.1534T>A to be likely pathogenic, and c1534T>A to be of uncertain significance. Clinically, four patients fell into the diagnosis of ANAD, and 1 into the diagnosis of AREP. Brain imaging revealed cerebellar atrophy, iron deposition in bilateral globus pallidus, and substantia nigra in three cases. Conclusions Four novel pathogenic variants were discovered and the pathogenic variant spectrum of the PLA2G6 gene was expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Wan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Xie
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Ling
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Du
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Neurology, Huoguosi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Sun
| | - Haiqiang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Haiqiang Jin
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13
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Liu Z, Yang N, Dong J, Tian W, Chang L, Ma J, Guo J, Tan J, Dong A, He K, Zhou J, Cinar R, Wu J, Salinas AG, Sun L, Kumar M, Sullivan BT, Oldham BB, Pitz V, Makarious MB, Ding J, Kung J, Xie C, Hawes SL, Wang L, Wang T, Chan P, Zhang Z, Le W, Chen S, Lovinger DM, Blauwendraat C, Singleton AB, Cui G, Li Y, Cai H, Tang B. Deficiency in endocannabinoid synthase DAGLB contributes to early onset Parkinsonism and murine nigral dopaminergic neuron dysfunction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3490. [PMID: 35715418 PMCID: PMC9205912 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoid (eCB), 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), the most abundant eCB in the brain, regulates diverse neural functions. Here we linked multiple homozygous loss-of-function mutations in 2-AG synthase diacylglycerol lipase β (DAGLB) to an early onset autosomal recessive Parkinsonism. DAGLB is the main 2-AG synthase in human and mouse substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons (DANs). In mice, the SN 2-AG levels were markedly correlated with motor performance during locomotor skill acquisition. Genetic knockdown of Daglb in nigral DANs substantially reduced SN 2-AG levels and impaired locomotor skill learning, particularly the across-session learning. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of 2-AG degradation increased nigral 2-AG levels, DAN activity and dopamine release and rescued the locomotor skill learning deficits. Together, we demonstrate that DAGLB-deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of Parkinsonism, reveal the importance of DAGLB-mediated 2-AG biosynthesis in nigral DANs in regulating neuronal activity and dopamine release, and suggest potential benefits of 2-AG augmentation in alleviating Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nannan Yang
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Clinical Research Center on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, 116011, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wotu Tian
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 20025, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisa Chang
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jinghong Ma
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, 100871, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, 100871, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Kaikai He
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, 100871, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Jingheng Zhou
- In Vivo Neurobiology Group, Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Junbing Wu
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Armando G Salinas
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Lixin Sun
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mantosh Kumar
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Breanna T Sullivan
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Braden B Oldham
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vanessa Pitz
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mary B Makarious
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Justin Kung
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chengsong Xie
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sarah L Hawes
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lupeng Wang
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurosciences, University of South China Medical School, 421200, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Clinical Research Center on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, 116011, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences-Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Medical School of University of Electronics & Technology of China, 610045, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 20025, Shanghai, China
| | - David M Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Integrative Neurogenomics Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Guohong Cui
- In Vivo Neurobiology Group, Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, 100871, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, 100871, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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14
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Non-Motor Symptoms in PLA2G6-Associated Dystonia-Parkinsonism: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061590. [PMID: 35329915 PMCID: PMC8950520 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PLA2G6-dystonia-parkinsonism (PLAN-DP) is characterized by levodopa responsive parkinsonism and dystonia. While neuropsychiatric symptoms and early cognitive decline are also common in this entity there is little information regarding other non-motor symptoms (NMS). Here, we describe a 26-year-old patient with PLAN-DP whose motor symptoms were preceded by mild cognitive impairment and anxiety, and who developed many other NMS as the disease evolved. Furthermore, we reviewed the NMS described in all the PLAN-DP patients published to date. A total of 50 patients with PLAN-DP were identified, 42 of whom developed NMS and in 23 of these cases, NMS preceded the motor symptoms of the disease. Neuropsychiatric symptoms dominated the premotor phase of this condition and cognitive impairment/dementia was the most prevalent NMS. Other NMS were reported infrequently like sleep disorders, autonomic symptoms, pain and hyposmia, and mostly as the disease evolved. NMS are very frequent in PLAN-DP and they may appear before diagnosis or during the course of the disease. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive decline are the most frequent NMS. The appearance of neuropsychiatric symptoms like depression, anxiety or personality changes prior to a diagnosis of parkinsonism in younger individuals might suggest the presence of PLA2G6 gene mutations.
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15
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Wu MC, Chang YY, Lan MY, Chen YF, Tai CH, Lin YF, Tsai SF, Chen PL, Lin CH. A Clinical and Integrated Genetic Study of Isolated and Combined Dystonia in Taiwan. J Mol Diagn 2022; 24:262-273. [PMID: 35041927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystonia is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous movement disorder. However, genetic causes of dystonia remain largely unknown in Asian subjects. To address this, we applied an integrated two-step approach that included gene dosage analysis and a next-generation sequencing panel containing 72 known genes causative for dystonia and related movement disorders to 318 Taiwanese patients with isolated or combined dystonia. Whole-genome sequencing was performed for one multiplex family with no known causative variant. The panel confirmed the genetic diagnosis in 40 probands (12.6%). A genetic diagnosis was more likely with juvenile onset compared with adult onset (24.2% vs 10.8%; P = 0.03) and those with combined features, especially with myoclonus, compared with isolated dystonia (35.3% vs 10.5%; P = 0.004). The most common causative genes were SGCE followed by GCH1, TH, CACNA1B, PRRT2, MR1, CIZ1, PLA2G6, and PRKN. Genetic causes were identified from single cases in TOR1A, TUBB4A, THAP1, ATP1A3, ANO3, GNAL, KMT2B, SLC6A3, ADCY5, CYP27A1, PANK2, C19orf12, and SPG11. The whole-genome sequencing analysis identified a novel intragenic deletion in OPHN1 in a multiplex family with X-linked dystonia and intellectual delay. Our findings delineate the genetic architecture and clinical spectrum of dystonia-causing pathogenic variants in an Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chen Wu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yee Chang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yu Lan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Fa Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hwei Tai
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Feng Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lung Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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16
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Magrinelli F, Mehta S, Di Lazzaro G, Latorre A, Edwards MJ, Balint B, Basu P, Kobylecki C, Groppa S, Hegde A, Mulroy E, Estevez-Fraga C, Arora A, Kumar H, Schneider SA, Lewis PA, Jaunmuktane Z, Revesz T, Gandhi S, Wood NW, Hardy JA, Tinazzi M, Lal V, Houlden H, Bhatia KP. Dissecting the Phenotype and Genotype of PLA2G6-Related Parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2022; 37:148-161. [PMID: 34622992 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex parkinsonism is the commonest phenotype in late-onset PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to deeply characterize phenogenotypically PLA2G6-related parkinsonism in the largest cohort ever reported. METHODS We report 14 new cases of PLA2G6-related parkinsonism and perform a systematic literature review. RESULTS PLA2G6-related parkinsonism shows a fairly distinct phenotype based on 86 cases from 68 pedigrees. Young onset (median age, 23.0 years) with parkinsonism/dystonia, gait/balance, and/or psychiatric/cognitive symptoms were common presenting features. Dystonia occurred in 69.4%, pyramidal signs in 77.2%, myoclonus in 65.2%, and cerebellar signs in 44.6% of cases. Early bladder overactivity was present in 71.9% of cases. Cognitive impairment affected 76.1% of cases and psychiatric features 87.1%, the latter being an isolated presenting feature in 20.1%. Parkinsonism was levodopa responsive but complicated by early, often severe dyskinesias. Five patients benefited from deep brain stimulation. Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings included cerebral (49.3%) and/or cerebellar (43.2%) atrophy, but mineralization was evident in only 28.1%. Presynaptic dopaminergic terminal imaging was abnormal in all where performed. Fifty-four PLA2G6 mutations have hitherto been associated with parkinsonism, including four new variants reported in this article. These are mainly nontruncating, which may explain the phenotypic heterogeneity of childhood- and late-onset PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration. In five deceased patients, median disease duration was 13.0 years. Brain pathology in three cases showed mixed Lewy and tau pathology. CONCLUSIONS Biallelic PLA2G6 mutations cause early-onset parkinsonism associated with dystonia, pyramidal and cerebellar signs, myoclonus, and cognitive impairment. Early psychiatric manifestations and bladder overactivity are common. Cerebro/cerebellar atrophy are frequent magnetic resonance imaging features, whereas brain iron deposition is not. Early, severe dyskinesias are a tell-tale sign. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Magrinelli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sahil Mehta
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Giulia Di Lazzaro
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Latorre
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Edwards
- Motor Control and Movement Disorders Group, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bettina Balint
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Purba Basu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Christopher Kobylecki
- Department of Neurology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sergiu Groppa
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anaita Hegde
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Eoin Mulroy
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Estevez-Fraga
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anshita Arora
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Hrishikesh Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Susanne A Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick A Lewis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Revesz
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Gandhi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas W Wood
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John A Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Tinazzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vivek Lal
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Li JL, Lin TY, Chen PL, Guo TN, Huang SY, Chen CH, Lin CH, Chan CC. Mitochondrial Function and Parkinson's Disease: From the Perspective of the Electron Transport Chain. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:797833. [PMID: 34955747 PMCID: PMC8695848 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.797833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is known as a mitochondrial disease. Some even regarded it specifically as a disorder of the complex I of the electron transport chain (ETC). The ETC is fundamental for mitochondrial energy production which is essential for neuronal health. In the past two decades, more than 20 PD-associated genes have been identified. Some are directly involved in mitochondrial functions, such as PRKN, PINK1, and DJ-1. While other PD-associate genes, such as LRRK2, SNCA, and GBA1, regulate lysosomal functions, lipid metabolism, or protein aggregation, some have been shown to indirectly affect the electron transport chain. The recent identification of CHCHD2 and UQCRC1 that are critical for functions of complex IV and complex III, respectively, provide direct evidence that PD is more than just a complex I disorder. Like UQCRC1 in preventing cytochrome c from release, functions of ETC proteins beyond oxidative phosphorylation might also contribute to the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Lin Li
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan County, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yi Lin
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ni Guo
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Huang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Chan
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Early-onset parkinsonism linked to combined heterozygous mutations in PANK2 and PLA2G6: A case report. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 93:71-73. [PMID: 34823216 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Homozygous mutations as well as compound heterozygous mutations in PANK2 or PLA2G6 have been reported to bring about early-onset parkinsonism (EOP). However, EOP caused by joint heterozygous mutations of the two genes is unusual. Here, we report a case of complex heterozygous mutations involving both the PANK2 and PLA2G6 genes in a Chinese woman.
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19
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Wang C, Yang T, Liang M, Xie J, Song N. Astrocyte dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: from the perspectives of transmitted α-synuclein and genetic modulation. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:39. [PMID: 34657636 PMCID: PMC8522040 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the elderly. While the etiology of PD is likely multifactorial with the involvement of genetic, environmental, aging and other factors, α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology is a pivotal mechanism underlying the development of PD. In recent years, astrocytes have attracted considerable attention in the field. Although astrocytes perform a variety of physiological functions in the brain, they are pivotal mediators of α-syn toxicity since they internalize α-syn released from damaged neurons, and this triggers an inflammatory response, protein degradation dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Astrocytes are indispensable coordinators in the background of several genetic mutations, including PARK7, GBA1, LRRK2, ATP13A2, PINK1, PRKN and PLA2G6. As the most abundant glial cells in the brain, functional astrocytes can be replenished and even converted to functional neurons. In this review, we discuss astrocyte dysfunction in PD with an emphasis on α-syn toxicity and genetic modulation and conclude that astrocyte replenishment is a valuable therapeutic approach in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjing Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Tongtong Yang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Meiyu Liang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Ning Song
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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20
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Yeh TH, Liu HF, Chiu CC, Cheng ML, Huang GJ, Huang YC, Liu YC, Huang YZ, Lu CS, Chen YC, Chen HY, Cheng YC. PLA2G6 mutations cause motor dysfunction phenotypes of young-onset dystonia-parkinsonism type 14 and can be relieved by DHA treatment in animal models. Exp Neurol 2021; 346:113863. [PMID: 34520727 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common neurodegenerative motor disorder, is currently incurable. Although many studies have provided insights on the substantial influence of genetic factors on the occurrence and development of PD, the molecular mechanism underlying the disease is largely unclear. Previous studies have shown that point mutations in the phospholipase A2 group VI gene (PLA2G6) correlate with young-onset dystonia-parkinsonism type 14 (PARK14). However, limited information is available regarding the pathogenic role of this gene and the mechanism underlying its function. To study the role of PLA2G6 mutations, we first used zebrafish larvae to screen six PLA2G6 mutations and revealed that injection of D331Y, T572I, and R741Q mutation constructs induced phenotypes such as motility defects and reduction in dopaminergic neurons. The motility defects could be alleviated by treatment with L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa), indicating that these mutations are pathological for PARK14 symptoms. Furthermore, the injection of D331Y and T572I mutation constructs reduced phospholipase activity of PLA2G6 and its lipid metabolites, which confirmed that these two mutations are loss-of-function mutations. Metabolomic analysis revealed that D331Y or T572I mutation led to higher phospholipid and lower docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels, indicating that reduced DHA levels are pathological for defective motor functions. Further, a dietary DHA supplement relieved the motility defects in PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y knock-in mice. This result revealed that the D331Y mutation caused defective PLA2G6 phospholipase activity and consequently reduced the DHA level, which is the pathogenic factor responsible for PARK14. The results of this study will facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for PARK14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu-Hsueh Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Fang Liu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chi Chiu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.; Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Jen Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Cheng Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chien Liu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Song Lu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Section of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yuan Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Cheng
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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21
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Bastioli G, Regoni M, Cazzaniga F, De Luca CMG, Bistaffa E, Zanetti L, Moda F, Valtorta F, Sassone J. Animal Models of Autosomal Recessive Parkinsonism. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070812. [PMID: 34356877 PMCID: PMC8301401 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. The neuropathological hallmark of the disease is the loss of dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. The clinical manifestations of PD are bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremors and postural instability. PD patients often display non-motor symptoms such as depression, anxiety, weakness, sleep disturbances and cognitive disorders. Although, in 90% of cases, PD has a sporadic onset of unknown etiology, highly penetrant rare genetic mutations in many genes have been linked with typical familial PD. Understanding the mechanisms behind the DA neuron death in these Mendelian forms may help to illuminate the pathogenesis of DA neuron degeneration in the more common forms of PD. A key step in the identification of the molecular pathways underlying DA neuron death, and in the development of therapeutic strategies, is the creation and characterization of animal models that faithfully recapitulate the human disease. In this review, we outline the current status of PD modeling using mouse, rat and non-mammalian models, focusing on animal models for autosomal recessive PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Bastioli
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Regoni
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Cazzaniga
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.G.D.L.); (E.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Chiara Maria Giulia De Luca
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.G.D.L.); (E.B.); (F.M.)
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bistaffa
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.G.D.L.); (E.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Letizia Zanetti
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Moda
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.G.D.L.); (E.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Flavia Valtorta
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Jenny Sassone
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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22
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de Oliveira P, Montanaro V, Carvalho D, Martins B, Ferreira A, Cardoso F. Severe Early-Onset Parkinsonian Syndrome Caused by PLA2G6 Heterozygous Variants. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2021; 8:794-796. [PMID: 34307755 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pérola de Oliveira
- Department of Neurology SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals Brasília Brazil
| | - Vinicius Montanaro
- Department of Neurology SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals Brasília Brazil
| | - Daniel Carvalho
- Department of Genetic SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals Brasília Brazil
| | - Bernardo Martins
- Department of Radiology SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals Brasília Brazil
| | - Alessandra Ferreira
- Department of Genetic SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals Brasília Brazil
| | - Francisco Cardoso
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Medicine Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
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23
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Li B, Zhao G, Zhou Q, Xie Y, Wang Z, Fang Z, Lu B, Qin L, Zhao Y, Zhang R, Jiang L, Pan H, He Y, Wang X, Luo T, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen Q, Liu Z, Guo J, Tang B, Li J. Gene4PD: A Comprehensive Genetic Database of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:679568. [PMID: 33981200 PMCID: PMC8107430 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.679568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with a strong genetic component. A growing number of variants and genes have been reported to be associated with PD; however, there is no database that integrate different type of genetic data, and support analyzing of PD-associated genes (PAGs). By systematic review and curation of multiple lines of public studies, we integrate multiple layers of genetic data (rare variants and copy-number variants identified from patients with PD, associated variants identified from genome-wide association studies, differentially expressed genes, and differential DNA methylation genes) and age at onset in PD. We integrated five layers of genetic data (8302 terms) with different levels of evidences from more than 3,000 studies and prioritized 124 PAGs with strong or suggestive evidences. These PAGs were identified to be significantly interacted with each other and formed an interconnected functional network enriched in several functional pathways involved in PD, suggesting these genes may contribute to the pathogenesis of PD. Furthermore, we identified 10 genes were associated with a juvenile-onset (age ≤ 30 years), 11 genes were associated with an early-onset (age of 30–50 years), whereas another 10 genes were associated with a late-onset (age > 50 years). Notably, the AAOs of patients with loss of function variants in five genes were significantly lower than that of patients with deleterious missense variants, while patients with VPS13C (P = 0.01) was opposite. Finally, we developed an online database named Gene4PD (http://genemed.tech/gene4pd) which integrated published genetic data in PD, the PAGs, and 63 popular genomic data sources, as well as an online pipeline for prioritize risk variants in PD. In conclusion, Gene4PD provides researchers and clinicians comprehensive genetic knowledge and analytic platform for PD, and would also improve the understanding of pathogenesis in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mobile Health Ministry of Education-China Mobile Joint Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guihu Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yali Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenghuan Fang
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lixia Qin
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongxu Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tengfei Luo
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinchen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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24
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Li B, Zhao G, Li K, Wang Z, Fang Z, Wang X, Luo T, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen Q, Huang Y, Dong L, Guo J, Tang B, Li J. Characterizing the Expression Patterns of Parkinson's Disease Associated Genes. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:629156. [PMID: 33867917 PMCID: PMC8049291 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.629156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The expression pattern represents a quantitative phenotype that provides an in-depth view of the molecular mechanism in Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, the expression patterns of PD-associated genes (PAGs) and their relation to age at onset (AAO) remain unclear. Methods The known PD-causing genes and PD-risk genes, which were collected from latest published authoritative meta-analysis, were integrated as PAGs. The expression data from Genotype-Tissue Expression database, Allen Brian Map database, and BrainSpan database, were extracted to characterize the tissue specificity, inhibitory-excitatory neuron expression profile, and spatio-temporal expression pattern of PAGs, respectively. The AAO information of PD-causing gene was download from Gene4PD and MDSgene database. Results We prioritized 107 PAGs and found that the PAGs were more likely to be expressed in brain-related tissues than non-brain tissues and that more PAGs had higher expression levels in excitatory neurons than inhibitory neurons. In addition, we identified two spatio-temporal expression modules of PAGs in human brain: the first module showed a higher expression level in the adult period than in the prenatal period, and the second module showed the opposite features. It showed that more PAGs belong to the first module that the second module. Furthermore, we found that the median AAO of patients with mutations in PD-causing genes of the first module was lower than that of the second module. Conclusion In conclusion, this study provided comprehensive landscape of expression patterns, AAO features and their relationship for the first time, improving the understanding of pathogenesis, and precision medicine in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mobile Health Ministry of Education-China Mobile Joint Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guihu Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kuokuo Li
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenghuan Fang
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tengfei Luo
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanfeng Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijie Dong
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinchen Li
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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25
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Lee JY, Marian OC, Don AS. Defective Lysosomal Lipid Catabolism as a Common Pathogenic Mechanism for Dementia. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 23:1-24. [PMID: 33550528 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dementia poses an ever-growing burden to health care and social services as life expectancies have grown across the world and populations age. The most common forms of dementia are Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Lewy body dementia, which includes Parkinson's disease (PD) dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Genomic studies over the past 3 decades have identified variants in genes regulating lipid transporters and endosomal processes as major risk determinants for AD, with the most significant being inheritance of the ε4 allele of the APOE gene, encoding apolipoprotein E. A recent surge in research on lipid handling and metabolism in glia and neurons has established defective lipid clearance from endolysosomes as a central driver of AD pathogenesis. The most prevalent genetic risk factors for DLB are the APOE ε4 allele, and heterozygous loss of function mutations in the GBA gene, encoding the lysosomal catabolic enzyme glucocerebrosidase; whilst heterozygous mutations in the GRN gene, required for lysosomal catabolism of sphingolipids, are responsible for a significant proportion of FTD cases. Homozygous mutations in the GBA or GRN genes produce the lysosomal storage diseases Gaucher disease and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Research from mouse and cell culture models, and neuropathological evidence from lysosomal storage diseases, has established that impaired cholesterol or sphingolipid catabolism is sufficient to produce the pathological hallmarks of dementia, indicating that defective lipid catabolism is a common mechanism in the etiology of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yup Lee
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Oana C Marian
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Anthony S Don
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Zhao Y, Qin L, Pan H, Liu Z, Jiang L, He Y, Zeng Q, Zhou X, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Fang Z, Wang Z, Xiang Y, Yang H, Wang Y, Zhang K, Zhang R, He R, Zhou X, Zhou Z, Yang N, Liang D, Chen J, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Liu H, Deng P, Xu K, Xu K, Zhou C, Zhong J, Xu Q, Sun Q, Li B, Zhao G, Wang T, Chen L, Shang H, Liu W, Chan P, Xue Z, Wang Q, Guo L, Wang X, Xu C, Zhang Z, Chen T, Lei L, Zhang H, Wang C, Tan J, Yan X, Shen L, Jiang H, Zhang Z, Hu Z, Xia K, Yue Z, Li J, Guo J, Tang B. The role of genetics in Parkinson's disease: a large cohort study in Chinese mainland population. Brain 2020; 143:2220-2234. [PMID: 32613234 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the mutational spectrum of familial Parkinson's disease and sporadic early-onset Parkinson's disease (sEOPD) in a mainland Chinese population and the clinical features of mutation carriers. We performed multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assays and whole-exome sequencing for 1676 unrelated patients with Parkinson's disease in a mainland Chinese population, including 192 probands from families with autosomal-recessive Parkinson's disease, 242 probands from families with autosomal-dominant Parkinson's disease, and 1242 sEOPD patients (age at onset ≤ 50). According to standards and guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in 23 known Parkinson's disease-associated genes occurred more frequently in the autosomal-recessive Parkinson's disease cohort (65 of 192, 33.85%) than in the autosomal-dominant Parkinson's disease cohort (10 of 242, 4.13%) and the sEOPD cohort (57 of 1242, 4.59%), which leads to an overall molecular diagnostic yield of 7.88% (132 of 1676). We found that PRKN was the most frequently mutated gene (n = 83, 4.95%) and present the first evidence of an SNCA duplication and LRRK2 p.N1437D variant in mainland China. In addition, several novel pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants including LRRK2 (p.V1447M and p.Y1645S), ATP13A2 (p.R735X and p.A819D), FBXO7 (p.G67E), LRP10 (c.322dupC/p.G109Rfs*51) and TMEM230 (c.429delT/p.P144Qfs*2) were identified in our cohort. Furthermore, the age at onset of the 132 probands with genetic diagnoses (median, 31.5 years) was about 14.5 years earlier than that of patients without molecular diagnoses (i.e. non-carriers, median 46.0 years). Specifically, the age at onset of Parkinson's disease patients with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in ATP13A2, PLA2G6, PRKN, or PINK1 was significantly lower than that of non-carriers, while the age at onset of carriers with other gene pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants was similar to that of non-carriers. The clinical spectrum of Parkinson's disease-associated gene carriers in this mainland Chinese population was similar to that of other populations. We also detected 61 probands with GBA possibly pathogenic variants (3.64%) and 59 probands with GBA p.L444P (3.52%). These results shed insight into the genetic spectrum and clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease in mainland China and expand the existing repertoire of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants involved in known Parkinson's disease-associated genes. Our data highlight the importance of genetic testing in Parkinson's disease patients with age at onset < 40 years, especially in those from families with a recessive inheritance pattern, who may benefit from early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lixia Qin
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hongxu Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yangjie Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhenghuan Fang
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yaqin Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Honglan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yige Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Kailin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Runcheng He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Nannan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Dongxiao Liang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xuxiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Penghui Deng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Chaojun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Junfei Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qiying Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Bin Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Guihu Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.,Parkinson's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zheng Xue
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450047, China
| | - Changshui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Henan provincial people's hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Lifang Lei
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Hainan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xinxiang Yan
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengmao Hu
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jinchen Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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27
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Gao C, Huang T, Chen R, Yuan Z, Tian Y, Zhang Y. A Han Chinese Family With Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease Carrying Novel Frameshift Mutation and Compound Heterozygous Mutation of PRKN Appearing Incompatible With MDS Clinical Diagnostic Criteria. Front Neurol 2020; 11:582323. [PMID: 33154736 PMCID: PMC7586315 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.582323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Around 15% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have a family history, and 5–10% have confirmed genetic causes. PRKN is the most common gene responsible for early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD), while rare variants of PLA2G6 likely raise PD susceptibility in the Chinese population. We investigated the genetic information of 13 members of a Han Chinese family with known EOPD by whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing, and analyzed the clinical history, physical examination, blood laboratory test, and brain imaging data of the patients. Two members, including the proband, were suspected of having EOPD. A novel homozygous frameshift mutation, c.856delT, and a compound heterozygous mutation, c.1321T>C/c.856delT of PRKN, were identified, as well as two single nucleotide variants of PLA2G6 and TENM4. The proband exhibited a rare symmetrical resting tremor limited to her lower limbs and never exhibited signs of rigidity. 18F-DOPA PET/CT scan indicated a symmetrical reduced signaling in the striatum. The novel frameshift mutation and compound heterozygous mutation of PRKN are likely to be the genetic causes of EOPD in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Gao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenhua Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Youyong Tian
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingdong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Liu H, Wang Y, Pan H, Xu K, Jiang L, Zhao Y, Xu Q, Sun Q, Tan J, Yan X, Li J, Tang B, Guo J. Association of rare heterozygous PLA2G6 variants with the risk of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 101:297.e5-297.e8. [PMID: 33279242 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The PLA2G6 gene has been identified as a causative gene for autosomal recessive early-onset dystonia-parkinsonism. Possible association was reported between single heterozygous PLA2G6 mutation and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), which, however, remained inconclusive. To clarify the effect of heterozygous PLA2G6 variants on the risk of PD, a total of 3710 patients with PD and 2636 controls of Chinese mainland population were recruited and genotyped by whole-exome sequencing or whole-genome sequencing. Variants in the PLA2G6 coding region were extracted and subjected to burden analysis using the optimal sequence kernel association test. In total, we identified 86 rare heterozygous variants in the PLA2G6 coding region, whereas no significant difference was found between cases and controls. Therefore, we found no supportive evidence for heterozygous PLA2G6 variants being a risk factor for PD in Chinese mainland population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yige Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongxu Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiying Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinxiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinchen Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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29
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Daida K, Nishioka K, Li Y, Yoshino H, Shimada T, Dougu N, Nakatsuji Y, Ohara S, Hashimoto T, Okiyama R, Yokochi F, Suzuki C, Tomiyama M, Kimura K, Ueda N, Tanaka F, Yamada H, Fujioka S, Tsuboi Y, Uozumi T, Takei T, Matsuzaki S, Shibasaki M, Kashihara K, Kurisaki R, Yamashita T, Fujita N, Hirata Y, Ii Y, Wada C, Eura N, Sugie K, Higuchi Y, Kojima F, Imai H, Noda K, Shimo Y, Funayama M, Hattori N. PLA2G6 variants associated with the number of affected alleles in Parkinson's disease in Japan. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 97:147.e1-147.e9. [PMID: 32771225 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate genotype-phenotype correlations of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with phospholipase A2 group V (PLA2G6) variants. We analyzed the DNA of 798 patients with PD, including 78 PD patients reported previously, and 336 in-house controls. We screened the exons and exon-intron boundaries of PLA2G6 using the Ion Torrent system and Sanger method. We identified 21 patients with 18 rare variants, such that 1, 9, and 11 patients were homozygous, heterozygous, and compound heterozygous, respectively, with respect to PLA2G6 variants. The allele frequency was approximately equal between patients with familial PD and those with sporadic PD. The PLA2G6 variants detected frequently were identified in the early-onset sporadic PD group. Patients who were homozygous for a variant showed more severe symptoms than those who were heterozygous for the variant. The most common variant was p.R635Q in our cohort, which was considered a risk variant for PD. Thus, the variants of PLA2G6 may play a role in familial PD and early-onset sporadic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Daida
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Nishioka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuanzhe Li
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Yoshino
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Shimada
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Dougu
- Department of Neurology, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakatsuji
- Department of Neurology, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohara
- Department of Neurology, Iida Hospital, Iida, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Ryoichi Okiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fusako Yokochi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chieko Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tomiyama
- Department of Neurology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Katsuo Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naohisa Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takenori Uozumi
- Department of Neurology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanobu Takei
- Department of Neurology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Matsuzaki
- Shiga Prefectural Mental Health Medical Center, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | | | | | - Ryoichi Kurisaki
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Saishun Medical Center, Koshi, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Nobuya Fujita
- Department of Neurology, Nagaoka Red Cross Hospital, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hirata
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ii
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Chizu Wada
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Akita National Hospital, Yurihonjo, Akita, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Eura
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sugie
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yujiro Higuchi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Kojima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Kazuyuki Noda
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimo
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Funayama
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
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30
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Li N, Wang L, Zhang J, Tan EK, Li J, Peng J, Duan L, Chen C, Zhou D, He L, Peng R. Whole-exome sequencing in early-onset Parkinson's disease among ethnic Chinese. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 90:150.e5-150.e11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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31
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Chu YT, Lin HY, Chen PL, Lin CH. Genotype-phenotype correlations of adult-onset PLA2G6-associated Neurodegeneration: case series and literature review. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:101. [PMID: 32183746 PMCID: PMC7076921 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phospholipase A2 group VI (PLA2G6) mutations associated with neurodegeneration (PLAN) manifest as heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders with variable ages of onset. The genotype-phenotype correlation is not well-established. We aim to describe three adult patients with PLAN and combined these data with results from previous studies to elucidate adult-onset PLA2G6 phenotype-genotype correlations. Case presentations The first index patient presented with dystonia-parkinsonism starting at age 31 years, accompanied by major depression and cognitive decline. Genetic analysis using targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) panel, Sanger sequencing, and segregation analyses revealed a compound heterozygous mutation, c.991G > T (p.D331Y)/c.1077G > A (M358IfsX), in PLA2G6. The other two patients had levodopa-responsive, early-onset parkinsonism, starting in their late twenties. Both patients had homozygous c.991G > T (p.D331Y) mutations in PLA2G6. Patient characteristics of our reported 3 cases were compared to those of 32 previously described (2008 to 2019) patients with adult-onset PLAN. Among the combined cohort of 35 patients with adult-onset PLAN, 14 had dystonia-parkinsonism, 17 had early-onset Parkinson’s disease, 3 had hereditary spastic paraparesis, and one had ataxia. The c.991G > T (p. D331Y) mutation was almost exclusively found in Chinese patients, suggesting a common founder effect. All patients with homozygous p.D331Y mutations had levodopa-responsive, early-onset PD (100%); while other mutations mostly led to dystonia-parkinsonism, ataxia, spasticity, and combine psychiatric comorbidities. Conclusions We showed that adult-onset PLAN could present as purely parkinsonism features, without brain iron accumulation, particularly patients with homozygous p.D331Y mutations. Compound heterozygous mutations, including heterozygous p.D331Y, produced heterogeneous phenotypes, without obvious levodopa responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Tsai Chu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yi Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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Azoramide protects iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons with PLA2G6 D331Y mutation through restoring ER function and CREB signaling. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:130. [PMID: 32071291 PMCID: PMC7028918 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress-induced cascade events are implicated in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The discovery of drug candidates to protect dopaminergic (DA) neurons from ER-stress-induced oxidative damage is important to resolve the pathological aspects of PD and modify its progress. In this study, we found that a recently identified unfolded protein response (UPR) modulator, azoramide, showed protective effects on patient induced pluripotent stem cells-derived midbrain DA neurons with the homozygous phospholipase A2 group 6 (PLA2G6) D331Y mutant. A series of PD-related cascade events such as ER stress, abnormal calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, increase of reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis were observed in PLA2G6 D331Y mutant DA neurons, whereas azoramide significantly protected PLA2G6 D331Y mutant DA neurons against these events. The beneficial effects of azoramide were abolished by treatment with a cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) inhibitor. Our results suggest that azoramide is a potential neuroprotectant against DA neuron damage via restoring ER function and the CREB signaling.
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Liu H, Yao Y, Liu H, Peng Y, Ren J, Wu X, Mao R, Zhao J, Zhu Y, Niu Z, Yang T, Sun X, Jiang P, Zhang C, Fang Y. Lack of Association Between PLA2G6 Genetic Variation and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1755-1763. [PMID: 32801710 PMCID: PMC7399463 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s254065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phospholipase A2 Group 6 (PLA2G6, also known as PLA2, PARK14, and iPLA2) gene encodes a group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2. Genetic polymorphism of PLA2G6 has been indicated to be involved in conferring susceptibility for Parkinson's disease (PD), whereas conclusive results have not been obtained. Thus, we intended to conduct a systematic review to determine if PLA2G6 genetic variation confers a greater susceptibility to PD. METHODS All case-control studies that investigated the association of the PLA2G6 polymorphisms with the risk of PD published before 15 July 2018 were included. The literature was comprehensively searched and identified in five English databases (EBSCO, Pubmed, OVID, EMBASE and ISI Web of Knowledge) and four Chinese databases (Wanfang database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China Academic Journals Database and VIP database). We performed analyses of study characteristics, heterogeneity, and forest plot in analyses analogous to dominant, codominant and additive models with the pooled odds ratio (OR) in fixed- or random-effects models as the measure of association. RESULTS A total of 664 potentially relevant studies were retrieved with the initial search, of which eight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and included 2,779 PD patients and 3,291 control participants,. Among all the reported 27 genetic variants, 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were present only in patients, and only five available SNPs (rs2267369, rs140758033, c.1959T>A (Gly653Gly), rs76718524, rs199935023) were pooled in the meta-analysis. However, there was no evidence for a significant association between the five SNPs and PD risk in dominant, codominant and allele models, suggesting a lack of association between PLA2G6 genetic variation and PD susceptibility. CONCLUSION The present study assessed the association of PLA2G6 genetic polymorphism with the risk PD, and the result strongly demonstrates that PLA2G6 polymorphism is not associated with PD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamin Yao
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Loudi Center Hospital, Loudi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Peng
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Ren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruizhi Mao
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuncheng Zhu
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiang Niu
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujia Sun
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Fang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Kamel WA, Al-Hashel JY, Abdulsalam AJ, Damier P, Al-Mejalhem AY. PLA2G6-related parkinsonism presenting as adolescent behavior. Acta Neurol Belg 2019; 119:621-622. [PMID: 30120687 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-018-1003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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35
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Niemann N, Jankovic J. Juvenile parkinsonism: Differential diagnosis, genetics, and treatment. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 67:74-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shen T, Hu J, Jiang Y, Zhao S, Lin C, Yin X, Yan Y, Pu J, Lai HY, Zhang B. Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease Caused by PLA2G6 Compound Heterozygous Mutation, a Case Report and Literature Review. Front Neurol 2019; 10:915. [PMID: 31496990 PMCID: PMC6712964 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PLA2G6 has been certified as a causative gene in patients with autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD). We reported an EOPD case caused by PLA2G6 gene mutation, and performed neurological examination, genetic analysis, and multimodal neuroimaging to describe this phenotype. A compound heterozygous mutation c.991G>T/c.1472+1G>A was detected in this patient. Heterozygous for the c.991G>T and c.1472+1G>A were separately detected in his parents. Pathogenicity of these two mutations were predicted according to the American college of medical genetics and genomics (ACMG) guideline. MRI assessment showed absence of bilateral “swallow tail sign” and cerebellar atrophy in this patient, while no obvious difference in brain iron accumulation between PLA2G6 mutant PD patient and healthy controls. Cerebellar abnormalities may be a marker for diagnosis and evaluation of PLA2G6 mutation Parkinsonism. However, the iron accumulation in PD may not be the result of PLA2G6 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shen
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yasi Jiang
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caixiu Lin
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhen Yin
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Pu
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hsin-Yi Lai
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Shukla A, Saneto RP, Hebbar M, Mirzaa G, Girisha KM. A neurodegenerative mitochondrial disease phenotype due to biallelic loss-of-function variants in PNPLA8 encoding calcium-independent phospholipase A2γ. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 176:1232-1237. [PMID: 29681094 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies have demonstrated the critical roles of the patatin-like protein family plays in cellular growth, lipid homeostasis, and second messenger signaling the nervous system. Of the nine known calcium-independent phospholipase A2γ, only PNPLA2, PNLPA6, PNPLA9 and most recently a single patient with PNPLA8 are associated with mitochondrial-related neurodegeneration. Using whole exome sequencing, we report two unrelated individuals with variable but similar clinical features of microcephaly, severe global developmental delay, spasticity, lactic acidosis, and progressive cerebellar atrophy with biallelic loss-of-function variants in PNPLA8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Russell P Saneto
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Neuroscience Institute, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Malavika Hebbar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ghayda Mirzaa
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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38
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Ji Y, Li Y, Shi C, Gao Y, Yang J, Liang D, Yang Z, Xu Y. Identification of a novel mutation in PLA2G6 gene and phenotypic heterogeneity analysis of PLA2G6-related neurodegeneration. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 65:159-164. [PMID: 31196701 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study reports a novel mutation site of the phospholipase A2 group VI (PLA2G6) gene, and analyzes the information of 67 previously published cases to elucidate PLA2G6 phenotype-genotype variations. METHODS We collected clinical data and examined gene mutation sites from one Chinese patient with adult-onset ataxia and her family. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing were used to verify possible mutations. PolyPhen-2, SIFT, and MutationTaster were used to predict their pathogenicity. For analyzing the distribution frequency of the mutation, 597 healthy controls were recruited. We also analyzed the clinical and genetic information of 67 cases from 23 studies in Pubmed database. RESULTS A novel compound heterozygous mutation of the PLA2G6 gene, c.1648delC and c.991G > T, was found in the Chinese patient, and classified as pathogenic. The c.1648delC variation was absent in ExAC, 1000G, dbSNP databases and the 597 healthy controls. Of the 67 cases, 29 presented ataxia. The signs of cerebellar atrophy appeared in the MRIs of most patients, while signs of iron accumulation were absent in older-aged patients with a compound heterozygous mutation. Thirty-eight patients showed no ataxia. A negative or mild extrapyramidal symptom accompanied by a low age, a homogenous mutation, while moderate or severe extrapyramidal symptoms were associated with an old age and a compound heterozygous mutation. CONCLUSION A novel compound heterozygous mutation of the PLA2G6 gene, c.1648delC and c.991G > T, is associated with adult onset ataxia. Phenotype-genotype variations of PLA2G6 are predicted to be caused by the loss of protein or enzyme activity of phospholipase-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ji
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Changhe Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Dongyi Liang
- The Medical College of ZhengZhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450050, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- The Medical College of ZhengZhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450050, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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Cheng YC, Lin HI, Syu SH, Lu HE, Huang CY, Lin CH, Hsieh PCH. Reprogramming of a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line (IBMSi012-A) from an early-onset Parkinson's disease patient harboring a homozygous p.D331Y mutation in the PLA2G6 gene. Stem Cell Res 2019; 37:101432. [PMID: 30978640 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A recessive mutation in PLA2G6, which is known to cause a heterogeneous neurodegenerative clinical spectrum, has recently been shown to be responsible for autosomal-recessive familial forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a female patient with a homozygous PLA2G6 c.991G > T (p.D331Y) mutation by using the Sendai-virus delivery system. The resulting iPSCs showed pluripotency confirmed by immunofluorescent staining for pluripotency markers and differentiated into the 3 germ layers in vivo. This cellular model will provide a good resource for further pathophysiological studies of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Che Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-I Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Syu
- Food Industry Research and development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Huai-En Lu
- Food Industry Research and development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Patrick C H Hsieh
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lin CH, Chen PL, Tai CH, Lin HI, Chen CS, Chen ML, Wu RM. A clinical and genetic study of early-onset and familial parkinsonism in taiwan: An integrated approach combining gene dosage analysis and next-generation sequencing. Mov Disord 2019; 34:506-515. [PMID: 30788857 PMCID: PMC6594087 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent genetic progress has allowed for the molecular diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. However, genetic causes of PD vary widely in different ethnicities. Mutational frequencies and clinical phenotypes of genes associated with PD in Asian populations are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to identify the mutational frequencies and clinical spectrums of multiple PD‐causative genes in a Taiwanese PD cohort. Methods A total of 571 participants including 324 patients with early‐onset parkinsonism (onset age, <50 years) and 247 parkinsonism pedigrees were recruited at a tertiary referral center in Taiwan from 2002 to 2017. Genetic causes were identified by an integrated approach including gene dosage analysis, a targeted next‐generation sequencing panel containing 40 known PD‐causative genes, repeat‐primed polymerase chain reaction, and whole‐exome sequencing analysis. Results Thirty of the 324 patients with early‐onset parkinsonism (9.3%) were found to carry mutations in Parkin, PINK1, or PLA2G6 or had increased trinucleotide repeats in SCA8. Twenty‐nine of 109 probands with autosomal‐recessive inheritance of parkinsonism (26.6%) were found to carry mutations in Parkin, PINK1, GBA, or HTRA2. The genetic causes for the 138 probands with an autosomal‐dominant inheritance pattern of parkinsonism were more heterogeneous. Seventeen probands (12.3%) carried pathogenic mutations in LRRK2, VPS35, MAPT, GBA, DNAJC13, C9orf72, SCA3, or SCA17. A novel missense mutation in the UQCRC1 gene was found in a family with autosomal‐dominant inheritance parkinsonism via whole‐exome sequencing analysis. Conclusions Our findings provide a better understanding of the genetic architecture of PD in eastern Asia and broaden the clinical spectrum of PD‐causing mutations. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Parkinson and Movement Disorders, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lung Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hwei Tai
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Parkinson and Movement Disorders, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hang-I Lin
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Parkinson and Movement Disorders, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shan Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Parkinson and Movement Disorders, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Meei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Parkinson and Movement Disorders, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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41
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Guo YP, Tang BS, Liu HL, Huang JJ, Xu Q, Sun QY, Yan XX, Guo JF. Impaired iPLA 2β activity affects iron uptake and storage without iron accumulation: An in vitro study excluding decreased iPLA 2β activity as the cause of iron deposition in PLAN. Brain Res 2019; 1712:25-33. [PMID: 30707893 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN, NBIA2) is the second most common type of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), caused by recessive mutations of PLA2G6 gene, which encodes Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β). In most PLAN cases, decreased iPLA2β activity and iron deposition was observed meanwhile, and researchers also identified a PLA2G6 mutation family without iron deposition shown by MRI images. This brought us the question of whether decreased iPLA2β activity was the cause of iron deposition in PLAN. In this study, we used S-BEL as the antagonist of iPLA2β to block its activity and used SH-SY5Y cells as the expression system. We incubated SH-SY5Y cells with different concentrations of S-BEL. The results showed that decreased iPLA2β activity led no obvious iron accumulation, while changes of cells state and activation of apoptosis were observed. To further investigate the cause of unchanged iron level, we examined the cellular iron regulatory proteins involved in iron uptake, storage and export. The results were as follows: TfR1 (iron uptake protein) expression was decreased, the expression of ferritin heavy chain and light chain (iron storage protein) was increased. There was no alteration of the expression of DMT1 (iron uptake protein) and FPN1 (iron export protein). Under the condition of decreased iPLA2β activity, there was no obvious iron accumulation but iron uptake activity decreased and iron storage activity increased. Therefore, we speculate that the decreased iPLA2β activity may not be the main reason for iron deposition in PLAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pei Guo
- Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Center for Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Li Liu
- Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan-Juan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Ying Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Xiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Feng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Center for Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
The term NBIA encompasses a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders characterized clinically by progressive extra pyramidal syndrome and pathologically by excessive iron deposition in brain, primarily affecting the basal ganglia (globus pallidus mainly). The hallmark of this syndrome is the age specific phenotypic presentation and intraphenotypic heterogeneity. NBIAs at present include ten subtypes with genes identified in nine subtypes. They form an important differential diagnosis for the phenotype of global developmental delay in infancy/childhood to dystonia-parkinsonism or isolated parkinsonism at all ages and also for the isolated craniocervical dystonia of adult onset. There needs to be a high index of clinical suspicion for this syndrome and the evaluation includes MRI brain T2* weighted imaging which reveal symmetrical iron deposition in bilateral globus pallidi and other basal ganglia. The T2 * imaging pattern of iron deposition varies amongst the different subtypes and the combination of clinical phenotype and MRI signature makes it easier to confidently make a diagnosis of NBIA and to recommend genetic testing. The treatment to date is mostly symptomatic with targeted therapies on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Batla
- Honorary Consultant Neurologist, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, Luton, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Luton, United Kingdom.,Consultant Neurologist, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Chandana Gaddipati
- Consultant Neurologist, St Joseph's Hospital, Andhra Pradesh, India.,Consultant Neurologist, Vanita Vaidysala, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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43
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Guo YP, Tang BS, Guo JF. PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration (PLAN): Review of Clinical Phenotypes and Genotypes. Front Neurol 2018; 9:1100. [PMID: 30619057 PMCID: PMC6305538 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 group VI (PLA2G6)-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) includes a series of neurodegenerative diseases that result from the mutations in PLA2G6. PLAN has genetic and clinical heterogeneity, with different mutation sites, mutation types and ethnicities and its clinical phenotype is different. The clinical phenotypes and genotypes of PLAN are closely intertwined and vary widely. PLA2G6 encodes a group of VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 proteins (iPLA2β), an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism. According to the age of onset and progressive clinical features, PLAN can be classified into the following subtypes: infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (ANAD) and parkinsonian syndrome which contains adult onset dystonia parkinsonism (DP) and autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism (AREP). In this review, we present an overview of PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration in the context of current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pei Guo
- Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji-Feng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
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44
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Emamzadeh FN, Surguchov A. Parkinson's Disease: Biomarkers, Treatment, and Risk Factors. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:612. [PMID: 30214392 PMCID: PMC6125353 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused mainly by lack of dopamine in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in movement, motivation, memory, and other functions; its level is decreased in PD brain as a result of dopaminergic cell death. Dopamine loss in PD brain is a cause of motor deficiency and, possibly, a reason of the cognitive deficit observed in some PD patients. PD is mostly not recognized in its early stage because of a long latency between the first damage to dopaminergic cells and the onset of clinical symptoms. Therefore, it is very important to find reliable molecular biomarkers that can distinguish PD from other conditions, monitor its progression, or give an indication of a positive response to a therapeutic intervention. PD biomarkers can be subdivided into four main types: clinical, imaging, biochemical, and genetic. For a long time protein biomarkers, dopamine metabolites, amino acids, etc. in blood, serum, cerebrospinal liquid (CSF) were considered the most promising. Among the candidate biomarkers that have been tested, various forms of α-synuclein (α-syn), i.e., soluble, aggregated, post-translationally modified, etc. were considered potentially the most efficient. However, the encouraging recent results suggest that microRNA-based analysis may bring considerable progress, especially if it is combined with α-syn data. Another promising analysis is the advanced metabolite profiling of body fluids, called "metabolomics" which may uncover metabolic fingerprints specific for various stages of PD. Conventional pharmacological treatment of PD is based on the replacement of dopamine using dopamine precursors (levodopa, L-DOPA, L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine), dopamine agonists (amantadine, apomorphine) and MAO-B inhibitors (selegiline, rasagiline), which can be used alone or in combination with each other. Potential risk factors include environmental toxins, drugs, pesticides, brain microtrauma, focal cerebrovascular damage, and genomic defects. This review covers molecules that might act as the biomarkers of PD. Then, PD risk factors (including genetics and non-genetic factors) and PD treatment options are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh N. Emamzadeh
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei Surguchov
- Department of Neurology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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45
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Chiu CC, Lu CS, Weng YH, Chen YL, Huang YZ, Chen RS, Cheng YC, Huang YC, Liu YC, Lai SC, Lin KJ, Lin YW, Chen YJ, Chen CL, Yeh TH, Wang HL. PARK14 (D331Y) PLA2G6 Causes Early-Onset Degeneration of Substantia Nigra Dopaminergic Neurons by Inducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction, ER Stress, Mitophagy Impairment and Transcriptional Dysregulation in a Knockin Mouse Model. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3835-3853. [PMID: 30088174 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PARK14 patients with homozygous (D331Y) PLA2G6 mutation display motor deficits of pure early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study is to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of mutant (D331Y) PLA2G6-induced PD. We generated knockin (KI) mouse model of PARK14 harboring homozygous (D331Y) PLA2G6 mutation. Then, we investigated neuropathological and neurological phenotypes of PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y KI mice and molecular pathogenic mechanisms of (D331Y) PLA2G6-induced degeneration of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons. Six-or nine-month-old PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y KI mice displayed early-onset cell death of SNpc dopaminergic neurons. Lewy body pathology was found in the SN of PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y mice. Six-or nine-month-old PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y KI mice exhibited early-onset parkinsonism phenotypes. Disrupted cristae of mitochondria were found in SNpc dopaminergic neurons of PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y mice. PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y mice displayed mitochondrial dysfunction and upregulated ROS production, which may lead to activation of apoptotic cascade. Upregulated protein levels of Grp78, IRE1, PERK, and CHOP, which are involved in activation of ER stress, were found in the SN of PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y mice. Protein expression of mitophagic proteins, including parkin and BNIP3, was downregulated in the SN of PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y mice, suggesting that (D331Y) PLA2G6 mutation causes mitophagy dysfunction. In the SN of PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y mice, mRNA levels of eight genes that are involved in neuroprotection/neurogenesis were decreased, while mRNA levels of two genes that promote apoptotic death were increased. Our results suggest that PARK14 (D331Y) PLA2G6 mutation causes degeneration of SNpc dopaminergic neurons by causing mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated ER stress, mitophagy impairment, and transcriptional abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chi Chiu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Song Lu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Weng
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ling Chen
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Cheng Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Liu
- Division of Sports Medicine, Taiwan Landseed Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chia Lai
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Jun Lin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Wei Lin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jie Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lang Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tu-Hsueh Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, No. 252, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taipei City, 110, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Li Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 259, Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
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46
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Novel PLA2G6 mutations and clinical heterogeneity in Chinese cases with phospholipase A2-associated neurodegeneration. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 49:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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47
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Malley KR, Koroleva O, Miller I, Sanishvili R, Jenkins CM, Gross RW, Korolev S. The structure of iPLA 2β reveals dimeric active sites and suggests mechanisms of regulation and localization. Nat Commun 2018; 9:765. [PMID: 29472584 PMCID: PMC5823874 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β) regulates important physiological processes including inflammation, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis. It is genetically linked to neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease. Despite its known enzymatic activity, the mechanisms underlying iPLA2β-induced pathologic phenotypes remain poorly understood. Here, we present a crystal structure of iPLA2β that significantly revises existing mechanistic models. The catalytic domains form a tight dimer. They are surrounded by ankyrin repeat domains that adopt an outwardly flared orientation, poised to interact with membrane proteins. The closely integrated active sites are positioned for cooperative activation and internal transacylation. The structure and additional solution studies suggest that both catalytic domains can be bound and allosterically inhibited by a single calmodulin. These features suggest mechanisms of iPLA2β cellular localization and activity regulation, providing a basis for inhibitor development. Furthermore, the structure provides a framework to investigate the role of neurodegenerative mutations and the function of iPLA2β in the brain. Calcium-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β) is involved in many physiological and pathological processes but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, the authors present the structure of dimeric iPLA2β, providing insights into the regulation of its activity and cellular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin R Malley
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Olga Koroleva
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Ian Miller
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Ruslan Sanishvili
- GM/CA@APS, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Christopher M Jenkins
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8020, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Richard W Gross
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8020, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Sergey Korolev
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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48
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Iliadi KG, Gluscencova OB, Iliadi N, Boulianne GL. Mutations in the Drosophila homolog of human PLA2G6 give rise to age-dependent loss of psychomotor activity and neurodegeneration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2939. [PMID: 29440694 PMCID: PMC5811537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that typically begins within the first few years of life and leads to progressive impairment of movement and cognition. Several years ago, it was shown that >80% of patients with INAD have mutations in the phospholipase gene, PLA2G6. Interestingly, mutations in PLA2G6 are also causative in two other related neurodegenerative diseases, atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy and Dystonia-parkinsonism. While all three disorders give rise to similar defects in movement and cognition, some defects are unique to a specific disorder. At present, the cellular mechanisms underlying PLA2G6-associated neuropathology are poorly understood and there is no cure or treatment that can delay disease progression. Here, we show that loss of iPLA2-VIA, the Drosophila homolog of PLA2G6, gives rise to age-dependent defects in climbing and spontaneous locomotion. Moreover, using a newly developed assay, we show that iPLA2-VIA mutants also display impairments in fine-tune motor movements, motor coordination and psychomotor learning, which are distinct features of PLA2G6-associated disease in humans. Finally, we show that iPLA2-VIA mutants exhibit increased sensitivity to oxidative stress, progressive neurodegeneration and a severely reduced lifespan. Altogether, these data demonstrate that Drosophila iPLA2-VIA mutants provide a useful model to study human PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin G Iliadi
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Oxana B Gluscencova
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Natalia Iliadi
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Gabrielle L Boulianne
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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49
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Matarazzo M, Wile D, Mackenzie M, Stoessl AJ. PET Molecular Imaging in Familial Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 142:177-223. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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50
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Shi CH, Zhang SY, Yang ZH, Yang J, Shang DD, Mao CY, Liu H, Hou HM, Shi MM, Wu J, Xu YM. A novel RAB39B gene mutation in X-linked juvenile parkinsonism with basal ganglia calcification. Mov Disord 2017; 31:1905-1909. [PMID: 27943471 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mutations in RAB39B have been reported as a potential cause of X-linked Parkinson's disease (PD), a rare form of familial PD. We conducted a genetic analysis on RAB39B to evaluate whether RAB39B mutations are related to PD in the Chinese population. METHODS In this study, 2 patients from an X-linked juvenile parkinsonism pedigree were clinically characterized and underwent whole-exome sequencing. A comprehensive screening for RAB39B mutations in 505 sporadic patients with PD and 510 healthy controls in a Chinese population was also performed. RESULTS A novel mutation, c. 536dupA (p.E179fsX48), in RAB39B was identified in the juvenile parkinsonism pedigree. Brain MRI and CT scans in the 2 patients revealed calcification within the bilateral globus pallidus. No other potentially disease-causing RAB39B mutations were found in sporadic PD patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS X-linked juvenile parkinsonism could be caused by a RAB39B mutation, and basal ganglia calcification may be a novel clinical feature of RAB39B-related parkinsonism. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-He Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shu-Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shang
- Department of Neurology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Cheng-Yuan Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hai-Man Hou
- Department of Neurology, The First affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Meng-Meng Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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