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Hounjet J, Van Aerschot L, De Keersmaecker K, Vooijs M, Kampen KR. The DMT1 isoform lacking the iron-response element regulates normal and malignant hematopoiesis via NOTCH pathway activation. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38594214 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 (NRAMP 2; also known as DMT1 and encoded by SLC11A2) is mainly known for its iron transport activity. Recently, the DMT1 isoform lacking the iron-response element (nonIRE) was associated with aberrant NOTCH pathway activity. In this report, we investigated the function of DMT1 nonIRE in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Knockdown of Dmt1 nonIRE in mice showed that it has non-canonical functions in hematopoietic stem cell differentiation: its knockdown suppressed development along the myeloid and lymphoid lineages, while promoting the production of platelets. These phenotypic effects on the hematopoietic system induced by Dmt1 nonIRE knockdown were linked to suppression of Notch/Myc pathway activity. Conversely, our data indicate a non-canonical function for DMT1 nonIRE overexpression in boosting NOTCH pathway activity in T-cell leukemia homeobox protein 1 (TLX1)-defective leukemia. This work sets the stage for future investigation using a multiple-hit T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) model to further investigate the function of DMT1 nonIRE in T-ALL disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Hounjet
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Linde Van Aerschot
- Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Belgium
| | - Kim De Keersmaecker
- Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Belgium
| | - Marc Vooijs
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Kim R Kampen
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Belgium
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2
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Marcora MS, Mattera VS, Goñi P, Aybar F, Correale JD, Pasquini JM. Iron deficiency in astrocytes alters cellular status and impacts on oligodendrocyte differentiation. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25334. [PMID: 38656648 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) has been shown to affect central nervous system (CNS) development and induce hypomyelination. Previous work from our laboratory in a gestational ID model showed that both oligodendrocyte (OLG) and astrocyte (AST) maturation was impaired. To explore the contribution of AST iron to the myelination process, we generated an in vitro ID model by silencing divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) in AST (siDMT1 AST) or treating AST with Fe3+ chelator deferoxamine (DFX; DFX AST). siDMT1 AST showed no changes in proliferation but remained immature. Co-cultures of oligodendrocyte precursors cells (OPC) with siDMT1 AST and OPC cultures incubated with siDMT1 AST-conditioned media (ACM) rendered a reduction in OPC maturation. These findings correlated with a decrease in the expression of AST-secreted factors IGF-1, NRG-1, and LIF, known to promote OPC differentiation. siDMT1 AST also displayed increased mitochondrial number and reduced mitochondrial size as compared to control cells. DFX AST also remained immature and DFX AST-conditioned media also hampered OPC maturation in culture, in keeping with a decrease in the expression of AST-secreted growth factors IGF-1, NRG-1, LIF, and CNTF. DFX AST mitochondrial morphology and number showed results similar to those observed in siDMT1 AST. In sum, our results show that ID, induced through two different methods, impacts AST maturation and mitochondrial functioning, which in turn hampers OPC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Silvina Marcora
- Departamento de Química Biológica e Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Soledad Mattera
- Departamento de Química Biológica e Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pilar Goñi
- Departamento de Química Biológica e Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Aybar
- Departamento de Química Biológica e Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Daniel Correale
- Departamento de Neurología, Fleni e Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juana Maria Pasquini
- Departamento de Química Biológica e Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Liang T, Yang SX, Qian C, Du LD, Qian ZM, Yung WH, Ke Y. HMGB1 Mediates Inflammation-Induced DMT1 Increase and Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in the Early Stage of Parkinsonism. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2006-2020. [PMID: 37833459 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Both neuroinflammation and iron accumulation play roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whether inflammation induces iron dyshomeostasis in dopaminergic neurons at an early stage of PD, at which no quantifiable dopaminergic neuron loss can be observed, is still unknown. As for the inflammation mediators, although several cytokines have been reported to increase in PD, the functions of these cytokines in the SN are double-edged and controversial. In this study, whether inflammation could induce iron dyshomeostasis in dopaminergic neurons through high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) in the early stage of PD is explored. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a toxin that primarily activates glia cells, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), the neurotoxin that firstly impacts dopaminergic neurons, were utilized to mimic PD in rats. We found a common and exceedingly early over-production of HMGB1, followed by an increase of divalent metal transporter 1 with iron responsive element (DMT1+) in the dopaminergic neurons before quantifiable neuronal loss. HMGB1 neutralizing antibody suppressed inflammation in the SN, DMT1+ elevation in dopaminergic neurons, and dopaminergic neuronal loss in both LPS and 6-OHDA administration- induced PD models. On the contrary, interleukin-1β inhibitor diacerein failed to suppress these outcomes induced by 6-OHDA. Our findings not only demonstrate that inflammation could be one of the causes of DMT1+ increase in dopaminergic neurons, but also highlight HMGB1 as a pivotal early mediator of inflammation-induced iron increase and subsequent neurodegeneration, thereby HMGB1 could serve as a potential target for early-stage PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Sheng-Xi Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Christopher Qian
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Li-Da Du
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Wing-Ho Yung
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Shatin, China.
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4
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Liu H, Chi R, Xu J, Guo J, Guo Z, Zhang X, Hou L, Zheng Z, Lu F, Xu T, Sun K, Guo F. DMT1-mediated iron overload accelerates cartilage degeneration in Hemophilic Arthropathy through the mtDNA-cGAS-STING axis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167058. [PMID: 38331112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excess iron contributes to Hemophilic Arthropathy (HA) development. Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) delivers iron into the cytoplasm, thus regulating iron homeostasis. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate whether DMT1-mediated iron homeostasis is involved in bleeding-induced cartilage degeneration and the molecular mechanisms underlying iron overload-induced chondrocyte damage. METHODS This study established an in vivo HA model by puncturing knee joints of coagulation factor VIII gene knockout mice with a needle, and mimicked iron overload conditions in vitro by treatment of Ferric ammonium citrate (FAC). RESULTS We demonstrated that blood exposure caused iron overload and cartilage degeneration, as well as elevated expression of DMT1. Furthermore, DMT1 silencing alleviated blood-induced iron overload and cartilage degeneration. In hemophilic mice, articular cartilage degeneration was also suppressed by intro-articularly injection of DMT1 adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9). Mechanistically, RNA-sequencing analysis indicated the association between iron overload and cGAS-STING pathway. Further, iron overload triggered mtDNA-cGAS-STING pathway activation, which could be effectively mitigated by DMT1 silencing. Additionally, we discovered that RU.521, a potent Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS) inhibitor, successfully suppressed the downward cascades of cGAS-STING, thereby protecting against chondrocyte damage. CONCLUSION Taken together, DMT1-mediated iron overload promotes chondrocyte damage and murine HA development, and targeted DMT1 may provide therapeutic and preventive approaches in HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ruimin Chi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingting Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jiachao Guo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhou Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Liangcai Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zehang Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Fan Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Fengjing Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Lv B, Fu P, Wang M, Cui L, Bao L, Wang X, Yu L, Zhou C, Zhu M, Wang F, Pang Y, Qi S, Zhang Z, Cui G. DMT1 ubiquitination by Nedd4 protects against ferroptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14685. [PMID: 38634270 PMCID: PMC11024684 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuronal precursor cells expressed developmentally down-regulated 4 (Nedd4) are believed to play a critical role in promoting the degradation of substrate proteins and are involved in numerous biological processes. However, the role of Nedd4 in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the regulatory role of Nedd4 in the ICH model. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were induced with ICH. Subsequently, the levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, iron content, mitochondrial morphology, as well as the expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and Nedd4 were assessed after ICH. Furthermore, the impact of Nedd4 overexpression was evaluated through analyses of hematoma area, ferroptosis, and neurobehavioral function. The mechanism underlying Nedd4-mediated degradation of DMT1 was elecidated using immunoprecipitation (IP) after ICH. RESULTS Upon ICH, the level of DMT1 in the brain increased, but decreased when Nedd4 was overexpressed using Lentivirus, suggesting a negative correlation between Nedd4 and DMT1. Additionally, the degradation of DMT1 was inhibited after ICH. Furthermore, it was found that Nedd4 can interact with and ubiquitinate DMT1 at lysine residues 6, 69, and 277, facilitating the degradation of DMT1. Functional analysis indicated that overexpression of Nedd4 can alleviate ferroptosis and promote recovery following ICH. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that ferroptosis occurs via the Nedd4/DMT1 pathway during ICH, suggesting it potential as a valuable target to inhibit ferroptosis for the treatment of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchen Lv
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Ping Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Department of GeriatricsThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Likun Cui
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Xingzhi Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Mengxin Zhu
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Ye Pang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Suhua Qi
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Zuohui Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Guiyun Cui
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
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Shi J, Yang MM, Yang S, Fan F, Zheng G, Miao Y, Hua Y, Zhang J, Cheng Y, Liu S, Guo Y, Guo L, Yang X, Fan G, Ma C. MaiJiTong granule attenuates atherosclerosis by reducing ferroptosis via activating STAT6-mediated inhibition of DMT1 and SOCS1/p53 pathways in LDLR -/- mice. Phytomedicine 2024; 128:155489. [PMID: 38569295 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Atherosclerosis is the primary pathological basis of cardiovascular disease. Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death, a process of lipid peroxidation driven by iron, which can initiate and promote atherosclerosis. STAT6 is a signal transducer that shows a potential role in regulating ferroptosis, but, the exact role in ferroptosis during atherogenesis remains unclear. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Maijitong granule (MJT) is used for treating cardiovascular disease and shows a potential inhibitory effect on ferroptosis. However, the antiatherogenic effect and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we determined the role of STAT6 in ferroptosis during atherogenesis, investigated the antiatherogenic effect of MJT, and determined whether its antiatherogenic effect was dependent on the inhibition of ferroptosis. METHODS 8-week-old male LDLR-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) at 1st and 10th week, respectively, to assess the preventive and therapeutic effects of MJT on atherosclerosis and ferroptosis. Simultaneously, the anti-ferroptotic effects and mechanism of MJT were determined by evaluating the expression of genes responsible for lipid peroxidation and iron metabolism. Subsequently, we reanalyzed microarray data in the GSE28117 obtained from cells after STAT6 knockdown or overexpression and analyzed the correlation between STAT6 and ferroptosis. Finally, the STAT6-/- mice were fed HFD and injected with AAV-PCSK9 to validate the role of STAT6 in ferroptosis during atherogenesis and revealed the antiatherogenic and anti-ferroptotic effect of MJT. RESULTS MJT attenuated atherosclerosis by reducing plaque lesion area and enhancing plaque stability in both preventive and therapeutic groups. MJT reduced inflammation via suppressing inflammatory cytokines and inhibited foam cell formation by lowering the LDL level and promoting ABCA1/G1-mediated lipid efflux. MJT ameliorated the ferroptosis by reducing lipid peroxidation and iron dysregulation during atherogenesis. Mechanistically, STAT6 negatively regulated ferroptosis by transcriptionally suppressing SOCS1/p53 and DMT1 pathways. MJT suppressed the DMT1 and SOCS1/p53 via stimulating STAT6 phosphorylation. In addition, STAT6 knockout exacerbated atherosclerosis and ferroptosis, which abolished the antiatherogenic and anti-ferroptotic effects of MJT. CONCLUSION STAT6 acts as a negative regulator of ferroptosis and atherosclerosis via transcriptionally suppressing DMT1 and SOCS1 expression and MJT attenuates atherosclerosis and ferroptosis by activating the STAT6-mediated inhibition of DMT1 and SOCS1/p53 pathways, which indicated that STAT6 acts a novel promising therapeutic target to ameliorate atherosclerosis by inhibiting ferroptosis and MJT can serve as a new therapy for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Ming Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Fangyang Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Guobin Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Yaodong Miao
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunqing Hua
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfei Cheng
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Shangjing Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuying Guo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Liping Guo
- Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
| | - Chuanrui Ma
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
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Ebea PO, Vidyasagar S, Connor JR, Frazer DM, Knutson MD, Collins JF. Oral iron therapy: Current concepts and future prospects for improving efficacy and outcomes. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:759-773. [PMID: 38253961 PMCID: PMC10939879 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) and iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) are global public health concerns, most commonly afflicting children, pregnant women and women of childbearing age. Pathological outcomes of ID include delayed cognitive development in children, adverse pregnancy outcomes and decreased work capacity in adults. IDA is usually treated by oral iron supplementation, typically using iron salts (e.g. FeSO4 ); however, dosing at several-fold above the RDA may be required due to less efficient absorption. Excess enteral iron causes adverse gastrointestinal side effects, thus reducing compliance, and negatively impacts the gut microbiome. Recent research has sought to identify new iron formulations with better absorption so that lower effective dosing can be utilized. This article outlines emerging research on oral iron supplementation and focuses on molecular mechanisms by which different supplemental forms of iron are transported across the intestinal epithelium and whether these transport pathways are subject to regulation by the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl O. Ebea
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - James R. Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David M. Frazer
- Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mitchell D. Knutson
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - James F. Collins
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Volk Robertson K, Schleh MW, Harrison FE, Hasty AH. Microglial-specific knockdown of iron import gene, Slc11a2, blunts LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses in a sex-specific manner. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:370-384. [PMID: 38141840 PMCID: PMC10874246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and microglial iron load are significant hallmarks found in several neurodegenerative diseases. In in vitro systems, microglia preferentially upregulate the iron importer, divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1, gene name Slc11a2) in response to inflammatory stimuli, and it has been shown that iron can augment cellular inflammation, suggesting a feed-forward loop between mechanisms involved in iron import and inflammatory signaling. However, it is not understood how microglial iron import mechanisms contribute to inflammation in vivo, or whether altering a microglial iron-related gene affects the inflammatory response. These studies aimed to determine the effect of knocking down microglial iron import gene Slc11a2 on the inflammatory response in vivo. We generated a novel model of tamoxifen-inducible, microglial-specific Slc11a2 knockdown using Cx3cr1Cre-ERT2 mice. Transgenic male and female mice were administered intraperitoneal saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and assessed for sickness behavior post-injection. Plasma cytokines and microglial bulk RNA sequencing (RNASeq) analyses were performed at 4 h post-LPS, and microglia were collected for gene expression analysis after 24 h. A subset of mice was assessed in a behavioral test battery following LPS-induced sickness recovery. Control male, but not female, mice significantly upregulated microglial Slc11a2 at 4 and 24 h following LPS. In Slc11a2 knockdown mice, we observed an improvement in the acute behavioral sickness response post-LPS in male, but not female, animals. Microglia from male, but not female, knockdown animals exhibited a significant decrease in LPS-provoked pro-inflammatory cytokine expression after 24 h. RNASeq data from male knockdown microglia 4 h post-LPS revealed a robust downregulation in inflammatory genes including Il6, Tnfα, and Il1β, and an increase in anti-inflammatory and homeostatic markers (e.g., Tgfbr1, Cx3cr1, and Trem2). This corresponded with a profound decrease in plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines 4 h post-LPS. At 4 h, male knockdown microglia also upregulated expression of markers of iron export, iron recycling, and iron homeostasis and decreased iron storage and import genes, along with pro-oxidant markers such as Cybb, Nos2, and Hif1α. Overall, this work elucidates how manipulating a specific gene involved in iron import in microglia alters acute inflammatory signaling and overall cell activation state in male mice. These data highlight a sex-specific link between a microglial iron import gene and the pro-inflammatory response to LPS in vivo, providing further insight into the mechanisms driving neuroinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Volk Robertson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael W Schleh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fiona E Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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9
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Zhang Y, Ding R, Zhang Y, Qi J, Cao W, Deng L, Zhou L, Ye Y, Xue Y, Liu E. Dysfunction of DMT1 and miR-135b in the gut-testis axis in high-fat diet male mice. Genes Nutr 2024; 19:1. [PMID: 38243197 PMCID: PMC10797958 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-024-00737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese patients have been found to be susceptible to iron deficiency, and malabsorption of dietary iron is the cause of obesity-related iron deficiency (ORID). Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and ferroportin (FPN), are two transmembrane transporter proteins expressed in the duodenum that are closely associated with iron absorption. However, there have been few studies on the association between these two proteins and the increased susceptibility to iron deficiency in obese patients. Chronic inflammation is also thought to be a cause of obesity-related iron deficiency, and both conditions can have an impact on spermatogenesis and impair male reproductive function. Based on previous studies, transgenerational epigenetic inheritance through gametes was observed in obesity. RESULTS Our results showed that obese mice had decreased blood iron levels (p < 0.01), lower protein and mRNA expression for duodenal DMT1 (p < 0.05), but no statistically significant variation in mRNA expression for duodenal FPN (p > 0.05); there was an increase in sperm miR-135b expression (p < 0.05). Bioinformatics revealed ninety overlapping genes and further analysis showed that they were primarily responsible for epithelial cilium movement, fatty acid beta-oxidation, protein dephosphorylation, fertilization, and glutamine transport, which are closely related to spermatogenesis, sperm development, and sperm viability in mice. CONCLUSIONS In obese mice, we observed downregulation of DMT1 in the duodenum and upregulation of miR-135b in the spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ruike Ding
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jia Qi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wenbin Cao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Lijun Deng
- Spring Biological Technology Development Co., Ltd, Fangchenggang, Guangxi, 538000, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yun Ye
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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10
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Liu LL, Liu ZR, Xiao YS, Xiao JH, Huang WM, Liu WY, Zhao K, Ye YJ. SPI1 exacerbates iron accumulation and promotes osteoclast formation through inhibiting the expression of Hepcidin. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 580:112103. [PMID: 38450475 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis (OP) can be caused by an overactive osteoclastic function. Anti-osteoporosis considerable therapeutic effects in tissue repair and regeneration because bone resorption is a unique osteoclast function. In this study, we mainly explored the underlying mechanisms of osteoclasts' effects on osteoporosis. METHODS RAW264.7 cells were used and induced toward osteoclast and iron accumulation by M-CSF and RANKL administration. We investigated Hepcidin and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) on iron accumulation and osteoclast formation in an ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis. Osteoporosis was induced in mice by OVX, and treated with Hepcidin (10, 20, 40, 80 mg/kg, respectively) and overexpression of DMT1 by tail vein injection. Hepcidin, SPI1, and DMT1 were detected by immunohistochemical staining, western blot and RT-PCR. The bioinformatics assays, luciferase assays, and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) verified that Hepcidin was a direct SPI1 transcriptional target. Iron accumulation was detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy, Perl's iron staining and iron content assay. The formation of osteoclasts was assessed using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. RESULTS We found that RAW264.7 cells differentiated into osteoclasts when exposed to M-CSF and RANKL, which increased the protein levels of osteoclastogenesis-related genes, including c-Fos, MMP9, and Acp5. We also observed higher concentration of iron accumulation when M-CSF and RANKL were administered. However, Hepcidin inhibited the osteoclast differentiation cells and decreased intracellular iron concentration primary osteoclasts derived from RAW264.7. Spi-1 proto-oncogene (SPI1) transcriptionally repressed the expression of Hepcidin, increased DMT1, facilitated the differentiation and iron accumulation of mouse osteoclasts. Overexpression of SPI1 significantly declined luciferase activity of HAMP promoter and increased the enrichment of HAMP promoter. Furthermore, our results showed that Hepcidin inhibited osteoclast differentiation and iron accumulation in mouse osteoclasts and OVX mice. CONCLUSION Therefore, the study revealed that SPI1 could inhibit Hepcidin expression contribute to iron accumulation and osteoclast formation via DMT1 signaling activation in mouse with OVX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, China
| | - Zhong-Rui Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gannan Medical University, China
| | - Yao-Sheng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, China
| | - Jian-Hua Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, China
| | - Wei-Min Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, China
| | - Wu-Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, China.
| | - Yong-Jun Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, China.
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11
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Tan Q, Zhang X, Li S, Liu W, Yan J, Wang S, Cui F, Li D, Li J. DMT1 differentially regulates mitochondrial complex activities to reduce glutathione loss and mitigate ferroptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 207:32-44. [PMID: 37419216 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital for energy production and redox homeostasis, yet knowledge of relevant mechanisms remains limited. Here, through a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening, we have identified DMT1 as a major regulator of mitochondria membrane potential. Our findings demonstrate that DMT1 deficiency increases the activity of mitochondrial complex I and reduces that of complex III. Enhanced complex I activity leads to increased NAD+ production, which activates IDH2 by promoting its deacetylation via SIRT3. This results in higher levels of NADPH and GSH, which improve antioxidant capacity during Erastin-induced ferroptosis. Meanwhile, loss of complex III activity impairs mitochondrial biogenesis and promotes mitophagy, contributing to suppression of ferroptosis. Thus, DMT1 differentially regulates activities of mitochondrial complex I and III to cooperatly suppress Erastin-induced ferroptosis. Furthermore, NMN, an alternative method of increasing mitochondrial NAD+, exhibits similar protective effects against ferroptosis by boosting GSH in a manner similar to DMT1 deficiency, shedding a light on potential therapeutic strategy for ferroptosis-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Shuxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China.
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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12
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Irollo E, Nash B, Luchetta J, Brandimarti R, Meucci O. The Endolysosomal Transporter DMT1 is Required for Morphine Regulation of Neuronal Ferritin Heavy Chain. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:495-508. [PMID: 37661197 PMCID: PMC10577102 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-023-10082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
NeuroHIV and other neurologic disorders present with altered iron metabolism in central nervous system neurons. Many people with HIV also use opioids, which can worsen neuroHIV symptoms by further dysregulating neuronal iron metabolism. Our previous work demonstrated that the μ-opioid agonist morphine causes neuronal endolysosomes to release their iron stores, and neurons respond by upregulating ferritin heavy chain (FHC), an iron storage protein associated with cognitive impairment in neuroHIV. Here, we investigated if this process required divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), a well-known iron transporter expressed on endolysosomes. We first optimized conditions to detect DMT1 isoforms (DMT1 1B ± iron responsive element) using fluorescently labeled rat DMT1 constructs expressed in HEK-293 cells. We also expressed these constructs in primary rat cortical neurons to compare their expression and subcellular distribution with endogenous DMT1 isoforms. We found endogenous DMT1 isoforms in the cytoplasm that colocalized with lysosomal-associated protein 1 (LAMP1), a marker of endolysosomes. Next, we blocked endogenous DMT1 isoforms using ebselen, a potent pharmacological inhibitor of DMT1 iron transport. Ebselen pre-treatment blocked morphine's ability to upregulate FHC protein, suggesting this pathway requires DMT1 iron transport from endolysosomes. This was further validated using viral-mediated genetic silencing of DMT1±IRE in cortical neurons, which also blocked FHC upregulation in the presence of morphine. Overall, our work demonstrates that the μ-opioid agonist morphine utilizes the endolysosomal iron transporter DMT1 to modulate neuronal cellular iron metabolism, upregulate FHC protein, and contribute to cognitive decline in neuroHIV. Morphine requires DMT1 to upregulate neuronal FHC. Cortical neurons treated with morphine release their endolysosomal iron stores to the cytoplasm and upregulate FHC, an iron storage protein associated with dendritic spine deficits and cognitive impairment in neuroHIV. This pathway requires the endolysosomal iron transporter DMT1, as pharmacological and genetic inhibitors of the transporter completely block morphine's ability to upregulate FHC. Created with BioRender.com .
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Irollo
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Bradley Nash
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Jared Luchetta
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Renato Brandimarti
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Marsala, 49, Bologna, BO, 40126, Italy
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
- Center for Neuroimmunology & CNS Therapeutics, Institute for Molecular Medicine & Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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13
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Pasquadibisceglie A, Bonaccorsi di Patti MC, Musci G, Polticelli F. Membrane Transporters Involved in Iron Trafficking: Physiological and Pathological Aspects. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1172. [PMID: 37627237 PMCID: PMC10452680 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential transition metal for its involvement in several crucial biological functions, the most notable being oxygen storage and transport. Due to its high reactivity and potential toxicity, intracellular and extracellular iron levels must be tightly regulated. This is achieved through transport systems that mediate cellular uptake and efflux both at the level of the plasma membrane and on the membranes of lysosomes, endosomes and mitochondria. Among these transport systems, the key players are ferroportin, the only known transporter mediating iron efflux from cells; DMT1, ZIP8 and ZIP14, which on the contrary, mediate iron influx into the cytoplasm, acting on the plasma membrane and on the membranes of lysosomes and endosomes; and mitoferrin, involved in iron transport into the mitochondria for heme synthesis and Fe-S cluster assembly. The focus of this review is to provide an updated view of the physiological role of these membrane proteins and of the pathologies that arise from defects of these transport systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giovanni Musci
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy;
| | - Fabio Polticelli
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy;
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Roma Tre Section, 00146 Rome, Italy
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14
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Cirovic A, Cirovic A. Letter to the editor for the "relationship between iron deficiency and expression of genes involved in iron metabolism in human myocardium and skeletal muscle". Int J Cardiol 2023:S0167-5273(23)00586-7. [PMID: 37087055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Cirovic
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia, Dr Subotica 4/2, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ana Cirovic
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia, Dr Subotica 4/2, Belgrade, Serbia
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15
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Zhao B, Shi X, Feng D, Han J, Hu D. MicroRNA let-7d attenuates hypertrophic scar fibrosis through modulation of iron metabolism by reducing DMT1 expression. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:77-87. [PMID: 36705783 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar is an unavoidable result of wound healing following burns and trauma, which remains a challenging problem for clinicians. Previously, we demonstrated that exosomal microRNAs (miRs) of human amniotic epithelial cells accelerated wound healing and inhibited scar formation. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this particular study, we found that miR-let-7d reduced collagen deposition, and this was accompanied by decreased level of iron content in myofibroblasts. Importantly, inhibition of miR-let-7d in myofibroblasts accelerated collagen deposition and promoted cell proliferation. In addition, bioinformatics prediction combined with classical dual-luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that the cellular iron importer divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) was a target gene of miR-let-7d, and the miR-let-7d mimics inhibited the expression of DMT1 in myofibroblasts. Moreover, silencing of DMT1 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the deposition of extracellular matrix. Consistent with the results in vitro, the miR-let-7d mimics effectively ameliorated hypertrophic scar fibrosis in a rabbit ear hypertrophic scar model. Taken together, our results indicated for the first time that miR-let-7d attenuated hypertrophic scar fibrosis through modulation of iron metabolism by reducing iron uptake through DMT1, which may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for hypertrophic scar.
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16
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Abstract
The SLC11/NRAMP proteins constitute a conserved family of metal ion transporters that are expressed in all kingdoms of life. In humans, the two paralogs DMT1 and NRMP1 play an important role in iron homeostasis and the defense against pathogens. SLC11 transporters have evolved an exquisite selectivity for transition metal ions, which facilitates their efficient transport from a large background of Ca2+ and Mg2+. This is accomplished by the evolution of a conserved binding site, which contains besides promiscuous hard ligands, a methionine acting as soft ligand that exclusively coordinates transition metals and thus contributes to the exclusion of alkaline earth metal ions. This site is altered in a branch of prokaryotic family members, which are capable of transporting Mg2+, where the removal of the coordinating methionine and the accompanying expansion of the binding pocket captures this small ion in a hydrated state. The disposition of titratable residues in H+-coupled transition metal ion transporters, that are absent in uncoupled Mg2+ transporters, sheds light on potential coupling mechanisms. In combination, the discussed work has revealed detailed insight into transition metal ion transport and provides a basis for the development of inhibitors of DMT1 as strategy against iron overload disorders.
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17
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Zaugg J, Pujol Giménez J, Cabra RS, Hofstetter W, Hediger MA, Albrecht C. New Insights into the Physiology of Iron Transport: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Chimia (Aarau) 2022; 76:996-1004. [PMID: 38069794 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2022.996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The TransCure project entitled 'Iron Transporters DMT1 and FPN1' took an interdisciplinary approach combining structural biology, chemistry and physiology to gain new insights into iron transport. Proteins studied included Divalent Metal Transporter 1 (DMT1, SLC11A2), enabling the import of Fe2+ into the cytoplasm, and the iron efflux transporter Ferroportin (FPN1, SLC40A1). The physiology and pathophysiology, and the mechanisms underlying iron transport in the gut, across the placenta and in bone were investigated. Small molecule high-throughput screening was used to identify improved modulators of DMT1. The characterization of DMT1 inhibitors have provided first detailed insights into the pharmacology of a human iron transport protein. In placental physiology, the identification of the expressional and functional alterations and underlying mechanisms in trophoblast cells clarified the association between placental iron transport by DMT1/FPN1 and gestational diabetes mellitus. In bone, iron metabolism was found to differ between cells of the monocyte/ macrophage lineages, including osteoclasts. Osteoclast development and activity depended on exogenous iron, the expression of high levels of the transferrin receptor (TFR) and low levels of FPN1 suggesting the expression of an "iron storage" phenotype by these cells. The principles and main findings of the TransCure studies on transmembrane iron transport physiology are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Zaugg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern.
| | | | | | | | - Matthias A Hediger
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern.
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18
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Cegarra L, Aguirre P, Nuñez MT, Gerdtzen ZP, Salgado JC. Calcium is a noncompetitive inhibitor of DMT1 on the intestinal iron absorption process: empirical evidence and mathematical modeling analysis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1791-C1806. [PMID: 36342159 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00411.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Iron absorption is a complex and highly controlled process where DMT1 transports nonheme iron through the brush-border membrane of enterocytes to the cytoplasm but does not transport alkaline-earth metals such as calcium. However, it has been proposed that high concentrations of calcium in the diet could reduce iron bioavailability. In this work, we investigate the effect of intracellular and extracellular calcium on iron uptake by Caco-2 cells, as determined by calcein fluorescence quenching. We found that extracellular calcium inhibits iron uptake by Caco-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Chelation of intracellular calcium with BAPTA did not affect iron uptake, which indicates that the inhibitory effect of calcium is not exerted through intracellular calcium signaling. Kinetic studies performed, provided evidence that calcium acts as a reversible noncompetitive inhibitor of the iron transport activity of DMT1. Based on these experimental results, a mathematical model was developed that considers the dynamics of noncompetitive inhibition using a four-state mechanism to describe the inhibitory effect of calcium on the DMT1 iron transport process in intestinal cells. The model accurately predicts the calcein fluorescence quenching dynamics observed experimentally after an iron challenge. Therefore, the proposed model structure is capable of representing the inhibitory effect of extracellular calcium on DMT1-mediated iron entry into the cLIP of Caco-2 cells. Considering the range of calcium concentrations that can inhibit iron uptake, the possible inhibition of dietary calcium on intestinal iron uptake is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layimar Cegarra
- Laboratory of Process Modeling and Distributed Computing, Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Mammalian Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pabla Aguirre
- Iron and Biology of Aging Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco T Nuñez
- Iron and Biology of Aging Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ziomara P Gerdtzen
- Mammalian Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus Marine Agronomy of Seaweed Holobionts, Puerto Mont, Chile
| | - J Cristian Salgado
- Laboratory of Process Modeling and Distributed Computing, Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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19
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Arita A, Kita I, Shinoda S. Internalization and Decrease of Duodenal DMT1 Involved in Transient Suppression of Iron Uptake in Short-Acting Mucosal Block. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4795-4806. [PMID: 34997531 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal block (MB) is induced by the oral administration of excess iron (10 mg) and suppresses intestinal iron absorption for 3-72 h. The inhibition of iron absorption is accompanied by the downregulation of molecules associated with intestinal iron absorption. Recently, we found that a smaller amount of iron (1 mg) also induced a transient suppression of iron uptake without affecting gene expression levels (short-acting mucosal block, SAMB), which is specific to iron-deficient rats. In this study, we investigated how the nonheme iron transporters divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and ferroportin (FPN) are involved in the transient suppression of iron uptake in SAMB. To induce SAMB, a test solution containing 1 mg iron was infused into the duodenum loop in iron-sufficient and iron-deficient rats. Total duodenal DMT1 and DMT1-IRE expression were increased during iron deficiency. After 15 min of 1 mg iron loading, the fluorescence intensity of duodenal DMT1 in iron-deficient rats was decreased and was comparable to that in iron-sufficient rats. Internalized DMT1-IRE as puncta was observed at 15 and 60 min after 1 mg iron loading, and the number of punctas was significantly increased after 60 min compared with control. There was no effect of 1 mg iron loading on the intracellular distribution of duodenal FPN. Our results suggest that the decrease and internalization of DMT1-IRE protein may be related, at least in part, to iron uptake suppression in SAMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Arita
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Jumonji University, Niiza, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Kita
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Shinoda
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Grander M, Hoffmann A, Seifert M, Demetz E, Grubwieser P, Pfeifhofer-Obermair C, Haschka D, Weiss G. DMT1 Protects Macrophages from Salmonella Infection by Controlling Cellular Iron Turnover and Lipocalin 2 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126789. [PMID: 35743233 PMCID: PMC9223531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are at the center of innate pathogen control and iron recycling. Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) is essential for the uptake of non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) into macrophages and for the transfer of transferrin-bound iron from the endosome to the cytoplasm. As the control of cellular iron trafficking is central for the control of infection with siderophilic pathogens such as Salmonella Typhimurium, a Gram-negative bacterium residing within the phagosome of macrophages, we examined the potential role of DMT1 for infection control. Bone marrow derived macrophages lacking DMT1 (DMT1fl/flLysMCre(+)) present with reduced NTBI uptake and reduced levels of the iron storage protein ferritin, the iron exporter ferroportin and, surprisingly, of the iron uptake protein transferrin receptor. Further, DMT1-deficient macrophages have an impaired control of Salmonella Typhimurium infection, paralleled by reduced levels of the peptide lipocalin-2 (LCN2). LCN2 exerts anti-bacterial activity upon binding of microbial siderophores but also facilitates systemic and cellular hypoferremia. Remarkably, nifedipine, a pharmacological DMT1 activator, stimulates LCN2 expression in RAW264.7 macrophages, confirming its DMT1-dependent regulation. In addition, the absence of DMT1 increases the availability of iron for Salmonella upon infection and leads to increased bacterial proliferation and persistence within macrophages. Accordingly, mice harboring a macrophage-selective DMT1 disruption demonstrate reduced survival following Salmonella infection. This study highlights the importance of DMT1 in nutritional immunity and the significance of iron delivery for the control of infection with siderophilic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (P.G.); (C.P.-O.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (P.G.); (C.P.-O.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (P.G.); (C.P.-O.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (P.G.); (C.P.-O.)
| | - Philipp Grubwieser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (P.G.); (C.P.-O.)
| | - Christa Pfeifhofer-Obermair
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (P.G.); (C.P.-O.)
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (P.G.); (C.P.-O.)
- Correspondence: (D.H.); (G.W.)
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (P.G.); (C.P.-O.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence: (D.H.); (G.W.)
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Sánchez-González C, Moreno L, Aranda P, Montes-Bayón M, Llopis J, Rivas-García L. Effect of Bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) on Zinc, Copper, and Manganese Homeostasis and DMT1 mRNA Expression in Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 35741335 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to examine whether vanadium (IV) corrects alterations in zinc, copper and manganese homeostasis, observed in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats, and whether such changes are related to divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) mRNA expression, and antioxidant and proinflammatory parameters. Four groups of Wistar rats were examined: control; hyperglycemic (H); hyperglycemic treated with 1 mg V/day (HV); and hyperglycemic treated with 3 mg V/day (HVH). Vanadium was supplied in drinking water as bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) for five weeks. Zinc, copper and manganese were measured in food, excreta, serum and tissues. DMT1 mRNA expression was quantified in the liver. Hyperglycemic rats showed increased Zn and Cu absorption and content in the liver, serum, kidneys and femurs; DMT1 expression also increased (p < 0.05 in all cases). HV rats showed no changes compared to H rats other than decreased DMT1 expression (p < 0.05). In the HVH group, decreased absorption and tissular content of studied elements (p < 0.05 in all cases) and DMT1 expression compared to H (p < 0.05) were observed. Liver zinc, copper and manganese content correlated positively with glutathione peroxidase activity and negatively with catalase activity (p < 0.05 in both cases). In conclusion, treatment with 3 mg V/d reverted the alterations in zinc and copper homeostasis caused by hyperglycemia, possibly facilitated by decreased DMT1 expression.
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22
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Romero-Cortadellas L, Hernández G, Ferrer-Cortès X, Zalba-Jadraque L, Fuster JL, Bermúdez-Cortés M, Galera-Miñarro AM, Pérez-Montero S, Tornador C, Sánchez M. New Cases of Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia Due to Mutations in the SLC11A2 Gene and Functional Characterization of the G75R Mutation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084406. [PMID: 35457224 PMCID: PMC9024435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Divalent metal-iron transporter 1 (DMT1) is a mammalian iron transporter encoded by the SLC11A2 gene. DMT1 has a vital role in iron homeostasis by mediating iron uptake in the intestine and kidneys and by recovering iron from recycling endosomes after transferrin endocytosis. Mutations in SLC11A2 cause an ultra-rare hypochromic microcytic anemia with iron overload (AHMIO1), which has been described in eight patients so far. Here, we report two novel cases of this disease. The first proband is homozygous for a new SLC11A2 splicing variant (c.762 + 35A > G), becoming the first ever patient reported with a SLC11A2 splicing mutation in homozygosity. Splicing studies performed in this work confirm its pathogenicity. The second proband harbors the previously reported DMT1 G75R mutation in homozygosis. Functional studies with the G75R mutation in HuTu 80 cells demonstrate that this mutation results in improper DMT1 accumulation in lysosomes, which correlates with a significant decrease in DMT1 levels in patient-derived lymphoblast cell lines (LCLs). We also suggest that recombinant erythropoietin would be an adequate therapeutic approach for AHMIO1 patients as it improves their anemic state and may possibly contribute to mobilizing excessive hepatic iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Romero-Cortadellas
- Iron Metabolism: Regulation and Diseases, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (L.R.-C.); (G.H.); (X.F.-C.)
| | - Gonzalo Hernández
- Iron Metabolism: Regulation and Diseases, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (L.R.-C.); (G.H.); (X.F.-C.)
- BloodGenetics S.L. Diagnostics in Inherited Blood Diseases, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (L.Z.-J.); (S.P.-M.); (C.T.)
| | - Xènia Ferrer-Cortès
- Iron Metabolism: Regulation and Diseases, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (L.R.-C.); (G.H.); (X.F.-C.)
- BloodGenetics S.L. Diagnostics in Inherited Blood Diseases, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (L.Z.-J.); (S.P.-M.); (C.T.)
| | - Laura Zalba-Jadraque
- BloodGenetics S.L. Diagnostics in Inherited Blood Diseases, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (L.Z.-J.); (S.P.-M.); (C.T.)
| | - José Luis Fuster
- Pediatric OncoHematology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.L.F.); (M.B.-C.); (A.M.G.-M.)
| | - Mar Bermúdez-Cortés
- Pediatric OncoHematology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.L.F.); (M.B.-C.); (A.M.G.-M.)
| | - Ana María Galera-Miñarro
- Pediatric OncoHematology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.L.F.); (M.B.-C.); (A.M.G.-M.)
| | - Santiago Pérez-Montero
- BloodGenetics S.L. Diagnostics in Inherited Blood Diseases, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (L.Z.-J.); (S.P.-M.); (C.T.)
| | - Cristian Tornador
- BloodGenetics S.L. Diagnostics in Inherited Blood Diseases, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (L.Z.-J.); (S.P.-M.); (C.T.)
| | - Mayka Sánchez
- Iron Metabolism: Regulation and Diseases, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (L.R.-C.); (G.H.); (X.F.-C.)
- BloodGenetics S.L. Diagnostics in Inherited Blood Diseases, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (L.Z.-J.); (S.P.-M.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Gioilli BD, Kidane TZ, Fieten H, Tellez M, Dalphin M, Nguyen A, Nguyen K, Linder MC. Secretion and Uptake of Copper via a Small Copper Carrier in Blood Fluid. Metallomics 2022; 14:6535625. [PMID: 35199838 PMCID: PMC8962702 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies with Wilson disease model mice that accumulate excessive copper, due to a dysfunctional ATP7B “copper pump” resulting in decreased biliary excretion, showed that the compensatory increase in urinary copper loss was due to a small copper carrier (∼1 kDa) (SCC). We show here that SCC is also present in the blood plasma of normal and Wilson disease model mice and dogs, as determined by ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). It is secreted by cultured hepatic and enterocytic cells, as determined by pretreatment with 67Cu nitrilotriacetate (NTA) or nonradioactive 5–10 μM Cu-NTA, and collecting and examining 3 kDa ultrafiltrates of the conditioned media, where a single major copper peak is detected by SEC. Four different cultured cell types exposed to the radiolabeled SCC all took up the 67Cu at various rates. Rates differed somewhat when uptake was from Cu-NTA. Uptake of SCC-67Cu was inhibited by excess nonradioactive Cu(I) or Ag(I) ions, suggesting competition for uptake by copper transporter 1 (CTR1). Knockout of CTR1 in fibroblasts reduced uptake rates by 60%, confirming its participation, but also involvement of other transporters. Inhibitors of endocytosis, or an excess of metal ions taken up by divalent metal transporter 1, did not decrease SCC-67Cu uptake. The results imply that SCC may play a significant role in copper transport and homeostasis, transferring copper particularly from the liver (but also intestinal cells) to other cells within the mammalian organism, as well as spilling excess into the urine in copper overload—as an alternative means of copper excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Gioilli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834-6866, USA
| | - T Z Kidane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834-6866, USA
| | - H Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Tellez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834-6866, USA
| | - M Dalphin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834-6866, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834-6866, USA
| | - K Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834-6866, USA
| | - M C Linder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834-6866, USA
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Farooq AU, Gembus K, Sandow JJ, Webb A, Mathivanan S, Manning JA, Shah SS, Foot NJ, Kumar S. K-29 linked ubiquitination of Arrdc4 regulates its function in extracellular vesicle biogenesis. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12188. [PMID: 35106941 PMCID: PMC8807422 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication. However, EV biogenesis remains poorly understood. We previously defined a role for Arrdc4 (Arrestin domain containing protein 4), an adaptor for Nedd4 family ubiquitin ligases, in the biogenesis of EVs. Here we report that ubiquitination of Arrdc4 is critical for its role in EV secretion. We identified five potential ubiquitinated lysine residues in Arrdc4 using mass spectrometry. By analysing Arrdc4 lysine mutants we discovered that lysine 270 (K270) is critical for Arrdc4 function in EV biogenesis. Arrdc4K270R mutation caused a decrease in the number of EVs released by cells compared to Arrdc4WT , and a reduction in trafficking of divalent metal transporter (DMT1) into EVs. Furthermore, we also observed a decrease in DMT1 activity and an increase in its intracellular degradation in the presence of Arrdc4K270R . K270 was found to be ubiquitinated with K-29 polyubiquitin chains by the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2. Thus, our results uncover a novel role of K-29 polyubiquitin chains in Arrdc4-mediated EV biogenesis and protein trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Usman Farooq
- Centre for Cancer BiologyUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Kelly Gembus
- Centre for Cancer BiologyUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | | | - Andrew Webb
- Walter and Eliza Hall InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jantina A. Manning
- Centre for Cancer BiologyUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Sonia S. Shah
- Centre for Cancer BiologyUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Natalie J. Foot
- Centre for Cancer BiologyUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer BiologyUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
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Reinert A, Reinert T, Arendt T, Morawski M. High Iron and Iron Household Protein Contents in Perineuronal Net-Ensheathed Neurons Ensure Energy Metabolism with Safe Iron Handling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031634. [PMID: 35163558 PMCID: PMC8836250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A subpopulation of neurons is less vulnerable against iron-induced oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. A key feature of these neurons is a special extracellular matrix composition that forms a perineuronal net (PN). The PN has a high affinity to iron, which suggests an adapted iron sequestration and metabolism of the ensheathed neurons. Highly active, fast-firing neurons-which are often ensheathed by a PN-have a particular high metabolic demand, and therefore may have a higher need in iron. We hypothesize that PN-ensheathed neurons have a higher intracellular iron concentration and increased levels of iron proteins. Thus, analyses of cellular and regional iron and the iron proteins transferrin (Tf), Tf receptor 1 (TfR), ferritin H/L (FtH/FtL), metal transport protein 1 (MTP1 aka ferroportin), and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) were performed on Wistar rats in the parietal cortex (PC), subiculum (SUB), red nucleus (RN), and substantia nigra (SNpr/SNpc). Neurons with a PN (PN+) have higher iron concentrations than neurons without a PN: PC 0.69 mM vs. 0.51 mM, SUB 0.84 mM vs. 0.69 mM, SN 0.71 mM vs. 0.63 mM (SNpr)/0.45 mM (SNpc). Intracellular Tf, TfR and MTP1 contents of PN+ neurons were consistently increased. The iron concentration of the PN itself is not increased. We also determined the percentage of PN+ neurons: PC 4%, SUB 5%, SNpr 45%, RN 86%. We conclude that PN+ neurons constitute a subpopulation of resilient pacemaker neurons characterized by a bustling iron metabolism and outstanding iron handling capabilities. These properties could contribute to the low vulnerability of PN+ neurons against iron-induced oxidative stress and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Reinert
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 43, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (T.R.); (T.A.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tilo Reinert
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (T.R.); (T.A.); (M.M.)
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Arendt
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (T.R.); (T.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Markus Morawski
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (T.R.); (T.A.); (M.M.)
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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26
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Song Y, Yang N, Si H, Liu T, Wang H, Geng H, Qin Q, Guo Z. Iron overload impairs renal function and is associated with vascular calcification in rat aorta. Biometals 2022; 35:1325-39. [PMID: 36178540 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) has been associated with a risk of cardiovascular diseases. Iron may play a critical role in progressive VC. Therefore, we investigated the effects of iron overload on the aorta of rats. A rat model of iron overload was established by intraperitoneal injection of Iron-Dextran. The levels of iron, calcium, and ALP activity were detected. Von Kossa staining and Perl's staining were conducted. The expression of iron metabolism-related and calcification related factors were examined in the aortic tissue of rats. The results showed serum and aortic tissue iron were increased induced by iron overload and excessive iron induced hepatic and renal damage. In iron overload rats, the expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and hepcidin were higher, but ferroportin1 (FPN1) was lower. Von Kossa staining demonstrated calcium deposition in the aorta of iron overload rats. The calcium content and ALP activity in serum and aortic tissue were increased and iron level in aortic tissue highly correlated with calcium content and ALP activity. The expressions of the osteogenic markers were increased while a decrease of Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the aortic tissue of iron overload rats. IL-24 was increased during the calcification process induced by iron. Overall, we demonstrated excessive iron accumulation in the aortic tissue and induced organs damage. The iron metabolism-related factors were significantly changed during iron overload. Moreover, we found that iron overload leads to calcium deposition in aorta, playing a key role in the pathological process of VC by mediating osteoblast differentiation factors.
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Abstract
Trace metals such as iron, copper, zinc and manganese play essential roles in various biological processes in fish, including development, energy metabolism and immune response. At embryonic stages, fish obtain essential metals primarily from the yolk, whereas in later life stages (i.e. juvenile and adult), the gastrointestine and the gill are the major sites for the acquisition of trace metals. On a molecular level, the absorption of metals is thought to occur at least in part via specific metal ion transporters, including the divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1), copper transporter-1 (CTR1), and Zrt- and Irt-like proteins (ZIP). A variety of other proteins are also involved in maintaining cellular and systemic metal homeostasis. Interestingly, the expression and function of these metal transport- and metabolism-related proteins can be influenced by a range of trace metals and major ions. Increasing evidence also demonstrates an interplay between the gastrointestine and the gill for the regulation of trace metal absorption. Therefore, there is a complex network of regulatory and compensatory mechanisms involved in maintaining trace metal balance. Yet, an array of factors is known to influence metal metabolism in fish, such as hormonal status and environmental changes. In this Review, we summarize the physiological significance of iron, copper, zinc and manganese, and discuss the current state of knowledge on the mechanisms underlying transepithelial metal ion transport, metal-metal interactions, and cellular and systemic handling of these metals in fish. Finally, we identify knowledge gaps in the regulation of metal homeostasis and discuss potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raymond W M Kwong
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
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28
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Venkata Surekha M, Sujatha T, Gadhiraju S, Kotturu SK, Siva Prasad M, Sarada K, Bhaskar V, Uday Kumar P. Effect of Maternal Iron Deficiency Anaemia on the Expression of Iron Transport Proteins in the Third Trimester Placenta. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2021; 40:581-596. [PMID: 32096669 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2020.1725942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundDuring pregnancy, iron is transferred from mother to fetus with placental iron transport proteins (Transferrin receptor, Divalent metal transporter/DMT1, ferroportin/FPN1 and Zyklopen). The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of maternal iron deficiency anemia on placental iron transporters. Study Design: Two hundred pregnant women, in third trimester of pregnancy were divided into anemic (Hemoglobin/Hb < 11g/dl) and non-anemic groups (Hb ≥ 11 g/dl). After delivery, placental expression of iron transport proteins were studied by immunohistochemistry and by mRNA analysis. Results: Of the 200 subjects, 59% were anemic. All 3 placental proteins showed statistically significant increase in immunohistochemical expression, proportionate to the severity of maternal anemia. The mRNA expression of DMT-1 gene was only significantly elevated in placentas of anemic mothers. Conclusion: Although in our study mRNA expression of only the DMT-1 gene was significantly high, immunohistochemically however all the 3 proteins showed significantly higher expression in placentas of anemic mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thathapudi Sujatha
- Pathology and Microbiology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Mudili Siva Prasad
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - K Sarada
- Pathology and Microbiology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Varanasi Bhaskar
- Statistics Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Putcha Uday Kumar
- Pathology and Microbiology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
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Cheli VT, Santiago González DA, Wan Q, Denaroso G, Wan R, Rosenblum SL, Paez PM. H-ferritin expression in astrocytes is necessary for proper oligodendrocyte development and myelination. Glia 2021; 69:2981-2998. [PMID: 34460113 PMCID: PMC10584656 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
How iron is delivered to the CNS for myelination is poorly understood. Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the brain and are the only cells in close contact with blood vessels. Therefore, they are strategically located to obtain nutrients, such as iron, from circulating blood. To determine the importance of astrocyte iron uptake and storage in myelination and remyelination, we conditionally knocked-out the expression of the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), the transferrin receptor 1 (Tfr1), and the ferritin heavy subunit (Fth) in Glast-1-positive astrocytes. DMT1 or Tfr1 ablation in astrocytes throughout early brain development did not significantly affects oligodendrocyte maturation or iron homeostasis. However, blocking Fth production in astrocytes during the first postnatal week drastically delayed oligodendrocyte development and myelin synthesis. Fth knockout animals presented an important decrease in the number of myelinating oligodendrocytes and a substantial reduction in the percentage of myelinated axons. This postnatal hypomyelination was accompanied by a decline in oligodendrocyte iron uptake and with an increase in brain oxidative stress. We also tested the relevance of astrocytic Fth expression in the cuprizone model of myelin damage and repair. Fth deletion in Glast1-positive astrocytes significantly reduced myelin production and the density of mature myelinating oligodendrocytes throughout the complete remyelination process. These results indicate that Fth iron storage in astrocytes is vital for early oligodendrocyte development as well as for the remyelination of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica T Cheli
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Diara A Santiago González
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Qiuchen Wan
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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30
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Wareing M, Smith CP. Iron Is Filtered by the Kidney and Is Reabsorbed by the Proximal Tubule. Front Physiol 2021; 12:740716. [PMID: 34658926 PMCID: PMC8514780 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.740716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the iron (Fe) concentration profile within the lumen of the S2 renal proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and to resolve whether this nephron segment transported Fe. To do this, we performed in vivo renal micropuncture on Wistar rats, collected PCT tubular fluid from superficial nephrons, and measured Fe concentration. The Fe concentration profile along the S2 PCT suggested significant Fe reabsorption. Proximal tubules were also microperfused in vivo with physiological solutions containing Fe and Zn, Cu, Mn, or Cd. PCTs perfused with 12μmol.l−1 55FeCl3 reabsorbed 105.2±12.7 fmol.mm−1.min−1 Fe, 435±52pmol.mm-1.min−1 Na, and 2.7±0.2nl.mm−1.min−1 water (mean ± SEM; n=19). Addition of ascorbate (1mmol.l−1) to the perfusate did not significantly alter Fe, Na, or water reabsorption. Supplementing the control perfusate with 60μmol.l−1 FeSO4 significantly decreased 55Fe uptake. Recalculating for the altered molar activity following addition of unlabeled Fe revealed a three-fold increase in Fe flux. Addition to the perfusate 12μmol.l−1 CuSO4, MnSO4, CdSO4, or ZnSO4 did not affect Fe, Na, or water flux. In conclusion, (1) in vivo, S2 PCTs of rat reabsorb Fe and (2) Fe is reabsorbed along the PCT via a pathway that is insensitive to Cu, Mn, Cd, or Zn. Together, these data demonstrate for the first time the hitherto speculated process of renal Fe filtration and subsequent tubular Fe reabsorption in a living mammal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wareing
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Craig P Smith
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Mani MS, Dsouza VL, Dsouza HS. Evaluation of divalent metal transporter 1 ( DMT1) (rs224589) polymorphism on blood lead levels of occupationally exposed individuals. Toxicol Lett 2021; 353:13-19. [PMID: 34626817 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an environmental and public health toxicant. It affects various organ systems of the body, thereby disrupting their normal functions. To date, several genes that are known to influence the mechanism of action of lead and toxicity have been studied. Among them, the iron transporter gene, SLC11A2 (Solute Carrier 11 group A member 2) which codes for the transmembrane protein, DMT1 (Divalent Metal Transporter 1) has shown to transport other metals including zinc, copper, and lead. We investigated the influence of DMT1 polymorphism (rs224589) on blood lead (Pb-B) levels. In the present study, we enrolled 113 lead-exposed workers and performed a comprehensive biochemical analysis and genetic composition. The frequency of DMT1 variants observed in the total subjects (n = 113) was 42 % for homozygous CC wild type, 54 % for heterozygous CA, and 4 % for homozygous AA mutant. The heterozygous CA carriers presented higher Pb-B levels compared to wild type CC and mutant AA carriers. Further, a negative association was observed between Pb-B levels and hemoglobin in heterozygous CA carriers. Hence, C allele may be the risk allele that contributes to increased susceptibility to high Pb-B retention, and genotyping of DMT1 in lead exposed subjects might be used as a prognostic marker to impede organ damage due to lead toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Shirley Mani
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Venzil Lavie Dsouza
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Herman Sunil Dsouza
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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Song Q, Peng S, Sun Z, Heng X, Zhu X. Temozolomide Drives Ferroptosis via a DMT1-Dependent Pathway in Glioblastoma Cells. Yonsei Med J 2021; 62:843-849. [PMID: 34427071 PMCID: PMC8382730 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2021.62.9.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Temozolomide is used in first-line treatment for glioblastoma. However, chemoresistance to temozolomide is common in glioma patients. In addition, mechanisms for the anti-tumor effects of temozolomide are largely unknown. Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death triggered by disturbed redox homeostasis, overloaded iron, and increased lipid peroxidation. The present study was performed to elucidate the involvement of ferroptosis in the anti-tumor mechanisms of temozolomide. MATERIALS AND METHODS We utilized the CCK8 assay to evaluate cytotoxicity. Levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), iron, and glutathione (GSH) were measured. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope were used to detect the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Western blotting, RT-PCR and siRNA transfection were used to investigate molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Temozolomide increased the levels of LDH, MDA, and iron and reduced GSH levels in TG905 cells. Furthermore, we found that ROS levels and DMT1 expression were elevated in TG905 cells treated with temozolomide and were accompanied by a decrease in the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4, indicating an iron-dependent cell death, ferroptosis. Our results also showed that temozolomide-induced ferroptosis is associated with regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Conversely, DMT1 knockdown by siRNA evidently blocked temozolomide-induced ferroptosis in TG905 cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings indicate that temozolomide may suppress cell growth partly by inducing ferroptosis by targeting DMT1 expression in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Shanxin Peng
- Department of Infection Management, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiqing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Xueyuan Heng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaosong Zhu
- Department of Infection Management, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China.
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Probst S, Fels J, Scharner B, Wolff NA, Roussa E, van Swelm RPL, Lee WK, Thévenod F. Role of hepcidin in oxidative stress and cell death of cultured mouse renal collecting duct cells: protection against iron and sensitization to cadmium. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2719-2735. [PMID: 34181029 PMCID: PMC8298330 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03106-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The liver hormone hepcidin regulates systemic iron homeostasis. Hepcidin is also expressed by the kidney, but exclusively in distal nephron segments. Several studies suggest hepcidin protects against kidney damage involving Fe2+ overload. The nephrotoxic non-essential metal ion Cd2+ can displace Fe2+ from cellular biomolecules, causing oxidative stress and cell death. The role of hepcidin in Fe2+ and Cd2+ toxicity was assessed in mouse renal cortical [mCCD(cl.1)] and inner medullary [mIMCD3] collecting duct cell lines. Cells were exposed to equipotent Cd2+ (0.5-5 μmol/l) and/or Fe2+ (50-100 μmol/l) for 4-24 h. Hepcidin (Hamp1) was transiently silenced by RNAi or overexpressed by plasmid transfection. Hepcidin or catalase expression were evaluated by RT-PCR, qPCR, immunoblotting or immunofluorescence microscopy, and cell fate by MTT, apoptosis and necrosis assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using CellROX™ Green and catalase activity by fluorometry. Hepcidin upregulation protected against Fe2+-induced mIMCD3 cell death by increasing catalase activity and reducing ROS, but exacerbated Cd2+-induced catalase dysfunction, increasing ROS and cell death. Opposite effects were observed with Hamp1 siRNA. Similar to Hamp1 silencing, increased intracellular Fe2+ prevented Cd2+ damage, ROS formation and catalase disruption whereas chelation of intracellular Fe2+ with desferrioxamine augmented Cd2+ damage, corresponding to hepcidin upregulation. Comparable effects were observed in mCCD(cl.1) cells, indicating equivalent functions of renal hepcidin in different collecting duct segments. In conclusion, hepcidin likely binds Fe2+, but not Cd2+. Because Fe2+ and Cd2+ compete for functional binding sites in proteins, hepcidin affects their free metal ion pools and differentially impacts downstream processes and cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Probst
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), 58453, Witten, Germany
| | - Johannes Fels
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), 58453, Witten, Germany
| | - Bettina Scharner
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), 58453, Witten, Germany
| | - Natascha A Wolff
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), 58453, Witten, Germany
| | - Eleni Roussa
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rachel P L van Swelm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wing-Kee Lee
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), 58453, Witten, Germany
- AG Physiology and Pathophysiology of Cells and Membranes, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 1, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Frank Thévenod
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), 58453, Witten, Germany.
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Rhee JW, Yi H, Thomas D, Lam CK, Belbachir N, Tian L, Qin X, Malisa J, Lau E, Paik DT, Kim Y, Choi BS, Sayed N, Sallam K, Liao R, Wu JC. Modeling Secondary Iron Overload Cardiomyopathy with Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107886. [PMID: 32668256 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive iron accumulation in the heart causes iron overload cardiomyopathy (IOC), which initially presents as diastolic dysfunction and arrhythmia but progresses to systolic dysfunction and end-stage heart failure when left untreated. However, the mechanisms of iron-related cardiac injury and how iron accumulates in human cardiomyocytes are not well understood. Herein, using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs), we model IOC and screen for drugs to rescue the iron overload phenotypes. Human iPSC-CMs under excess iron exposure recapitulate early-stage IOC, including oxidative stress, arrhythmia, and contractile dysfunction. We find that iron-induced changes in calcium kinetics play a critical role in dysregulation of CM functions. We identify that ebselen, a selective divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) inhibitor and antioxidant, could prevent the observed iron overload phenotypes, supporting the role of DMT1 in iron uptake into the human myocardium. These results suggest that ebselen may be a potential preventive and therapeutic agent for treating patients with secondary iron overload.
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35
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Cinquetti R, Imperiali FG, Bozzaro S, Zanella D, Vacca F, Roseti C, Peracino B, Castagna M, Bossi E. Characterization of Transport Activity of SLC11 Transporters in Xenopus laevis Oocytes by Fluorophore Quenching. SLAS Discov 2021; 26:798-810. [PMID: 33825579 DOI: 10.1177/24725552211004123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins are involved in different physiological functions and are the target of pharmaceutical and abuse drugs. Xenopus laevis oocytes provide a powerful heterologous expression system for functional studies of these proteins. Typical experiments investigate transport using electrophysiology and radiolabeled uptake. A two-electrode voltage clamp is suitable only for electrogenic proteins, and uptake measurements require the existence of radiolabeled substrates and adequate laboratory facilities.Recently, Dictyostelium discoideum Nramp1 and NrampB were characterized using multidisciplinary approaches. NrampB showed no measurable electrogenic activity, and it was investigated in Xenopus oocytes by acquiring confocal images of the quenching of injected fluorophore calcein.This method is adequate to measure the variation in emitted fluorescence, and thus transporter activity indirectly, but requires long experimental procedures to collect statistically consistent data. Considering that optimal expression of heterologous proteins lasts for 48-72 h, a slow acquiring process requires the use of more than one batch of oocytes to complete the experiments. Here, a novel approach to measure substrate uptake is reported. Upon injection of a fluorophore, oocytes were incubated with the substrate and the transport activity measured, evaluating fluorescence quenching in a microplate reader. The technique permits the testing of tens of oocytes in different experimental conditions simultaneously, and thus the collection of significant statistical data for each batch, saving time and animals.The method was tested with different metal transporters (SLC11), DMT1, DdNramp1, and DdNrampB, and verified with the peptide transporter PepT1 (SLC15). Comparison with traditional methods (uptake, two-electrode voltage clamp) and with quenching images acquired by fluorescence microscopy confirmed its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniele Zanella
- University of Insubria, Varese, Lombardia, Italy.,The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Francesca Vacca
- University of Insubria, Varese, Lombardia, Italy.,Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Elena Bossi
- University of Insubria, Varese, Lombardia, Italy
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36
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Xia M, Liang S, Li S, Ji M, Chen B, Zhang M, Dong C, Chen B, Gong W, Wen G, Zhan X, Zhang D, Li X, Zhou Y, Guan D, Verkhratsky A, Li B. Iatrogenic Iron Promotes Neurodegeneration and Activates Self-Protection of Neural Cells against Exogenous Iron Attacks. Function (Oxf) 2021; 2:zqab003. [PMID: 35330817 PMCID: PMC8788796 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal implants are used worldwide, with millions of nails, plates, and fixtures grafted during orthopedic surgeries. Iron is the most common element of these metal implants. As time passes, implants can be corroded and iron can be released. Ionized iron permeates the surrounding tissues and enters circulation; importantly, iron ions pass through the blood-brain barrier. Can iron from implants represent a risk factor for neurological diseases? This remains an unanswered question. In this study, we discovered that patients with metal implants delivered through orthopedic surgeries have higher incidence of Parkinson's disease or ischemic stroke compared to patients who underwent similar surgeries but did not have implants. Concentration of serum iron and ferritin was increased in subjects with metal implants. In experiments in vivo, we found that injection of iron dextran selectively decreased the presence of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) in neurons through increasing the expression of Ndfip1, which degrades DMT1 and does not exist in glial cells. At the same time, excess of iron increased expression of DMT1 in astrocytes and microglial cells and triggered reactive astrogliosis and microgliosis. Facing the attack of excess iron, glial cells act as neuroprotectors to accumulate more extracellular iron by upregulating DMT1, whereas neurons limit iron uptake through increasing DMT1 degradation. Cerebral accumulation of iron in animals is associated with impaired cognition, locomotion, and mood. Excess iron from surgical implants thus can affect neural cells and may be regarded as a risk factor for neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Xia
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Li
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Ji
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Beina Chen
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengyi Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binjie Chen
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenliang Gong
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gehua Wen
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoni Zhan
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dianjun Zhang
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuefei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dawei Guan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain
| | - Baoman Li
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Nyarko-Danquah I, Pajarillo E, Digman A, Soliman KFA, Aschner M, Lee E. Manganese Accumulation in the Brain via Various Transporters and Its Neurotoxicity Mechanisms. Molecules 2020; 25:E5880. [PMID: 33322668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, serving as a cofactor for several key enzymes, such as glutamine synthetase, arginase, pyruvate decarboxylase, and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. However, its chronic overexposure can result in a neurological disorder referred to as manganism, presenting symptoms similar to those inherent to Parkinson’s disease. The pathological symptoms of Mn-induced toxicity are well-known, but the underlying mechanisms of Mn transport to the brain and cellular toxicity leading to Mn’s neurotoxicity are not completely understood. Mn’s levels in the brain are regulated by multiple transporters responsible for its uptake and efflux, and thus, dysregulation of these transporters may result in Mn accumulation in the brain, causing neurotoxicity. Its distribution and subcellular localization in the brain and associated subcellular toxicity mechanisms have also been extensively studied. This review highlights the presently known Mn transporters and their roles in Mn-induced neurotoxicity, as well as subsequent molecular and cellular dysregulation upon its intracellular uptakes, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, disruption of neurotransmission, α-synuclein aggregation, and amyloidogenesis.
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Abstract
Iron is a key nutrient for normal central nervous system (CNS) development and function; thus, iron deficiency as well as iron excess may result in harmful effects in the CNS. Oligodendrocytes and astrocytes are crucial players in brain iron equilibrium. However, the mechanisms of iron uptake, storage, and efflux in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes during CNS development or under pathological situations such as demyelination are not completely understood. In the CNS, iron is directly required for myelin production as a cofactor for enzymes involved in ATP, cholesterol and lipid synthesis, and oligodendrocytes are the cells with the highest iron levels in the brain which is linked to their elevated metabolic needs associated with the process of myelination. Unlike oligodendrocytes, astrocytes do not have a high metabolic requirement for iron. However, these cells are in close contact with blood vessel and have a strong iron transport capacity. In several pathological situations, changes in iron homoeostasis result in altered cellular iron distribution and accumulation and oxidative stress. In inflammatory demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis, reactive astrocytes accumulate iron and upregulate iron efflux and influx molecules, which suggest that they are outfitted to take up and safely recycle iron. In this review, we will discuss the participation of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in CNS iron homeostasis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of iron uptake, storage, and efflux in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes is necessary for planning effective strategies for iron management during CNS development as well as for the treatment of demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica T Cheli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | | | - Pablo M Paez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Juana M Pasquini
- CONICET, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ong WY, Go ML, Wang DY, Cheah IKM, Halliwell B. Effects of Antimalarial Drugs on Neuroinflammation-Potential Use for Treatment of COVID-19-Related Neurologic Complications. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:106-117. [PMID: 32897518 PMCID: PMC7477069 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus that is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects not only peripheral organs such as the lungs and blood vessels, but also the central nervous system (CNS)—as seen by effects on smell, taste, seizures, stroke, neuropathological findings and possibly, loss of control of respiration resulting in silent hypoxemia. COVID-19 induces an inflammatory response and, in severe cases, a cytokine storm that can damage the CNS. Antimalarials have unique properties that distinguish them from other anti-inflammatory drugs. (A) They are very lipophilic, which enhances their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Hence, they have the potential to act not only in the periphery but also in the CNS, and could be a useful addition to our limited armamentarium against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. (B) They are non-selective inhibitors of phospholipase A2 isoforms, including cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). The latter is not only activated by cytokines but itself generates arachidonic acid, which is metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX) to pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. Free radicals are produced in this process, which can lead to oxidative damage to the CNS. There are at least 4 ways that antimalarials could be useful in combating COVID-19. (1) They inhibit PLA2. (2) They are basic molecules capable of affecting the pH of lysosomes and inhibiting the activity of lysosomal enzymes. (3) They may affect the expression and Fe2+/H+ symporter activity of iron transporters such as divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), hence reducing iron accumulation in tissues and iron-catalysed free radical formation. (4) They could affect viral replication. The latter may be related to their effect on inhibition of PLA2 isoforms. Inhibition of cPLA2 impairs an early step of coronavirus replication in cell culture. In addition, a secretory PLA2 (sPLA2) isoform, PLA2G2D, has been shown to be essential for the lethality of SARS-CoV in mice. It is important to take note of what ongoing clinical trials on chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine can eventually tell us about the use of antimalarials and other anti-inflammatory agents, not only for the treatment of COVID-19, but also for neurovascular disorders such as stroke and vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
| | - Mei-Lin Go
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Irwin Kee-Mun Cheah
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
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Zaugg J, Melhem H, Huang X, Wegner M, Baumann M, Surbek D, Körner M, Albrecht C. Gestational diabetes mellitus affects placental iron homeostasis: Mechanism and clinical implications. FASEB J 2020; 34:7311-7329. [PMID: 32285992 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903054r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies suggest that pregnant women with elevated iron levels are more vulnerable to develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the causes and underlying mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that hyperglycemia induces cellular stress responses leading to dysregulated placental iron homeostasis. Hence, we compared the expression of genes/proteins involved in iron homeostasis in placentae from GDM and healthy pregnancies (n = 11 each). RT-qPCR and LC-MS/MS analyses revealed differential regulation of iron transporters/receptors (DMT1/FPN1/ZIP8/TfR1), iron sensors (IRP1), iron regulators (HEPC), and iron oxidoreductases (HEPH/Zp). To identify the underlying mechanisms, we adapted BeWo trophoblast cells to normoglycemic (N), hyperglycemic (H), and hyperglycemic-hyperlipidemic (HL) conditions and assessed Fe3+ -uptake, expression patterns, and cellular pathways involving oxidative stress (OS), ER-stress, and autophagy. H and HL induced alterations in cellular morphology, differential iron transporter expression, and reduced Fe3+ -uptake confirming the impact of hyperglycemia on iron transport observed in GDM patients. Pathway analysis and rescue experiments indicated that dysregulated OS and disturbed autophagy processes contribute to the reduced placental iron transport under hyperglycemic conditions. These adaptations could represent a protective mechanism preventing the oxidative damage for both fetus and placenta caused by highly oxidative iron. In pregnancies with risk for GDM, antioxidant treatment, and controlled iron supplementation could help to balance placental OS levels protecting mother and fetus from impaired iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Zaugg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Malgorzata Wegner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Baumann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Surbek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Venkata Surekha M, Sujatha T, Gadhiraju S, Uday Kumar P, Siva Prasad M, Sailaja G, Bhaskar V, Srinivas T. Expression of iron transport protein Divalent metal transporter 1 ( DMT1) increases in response to maternal iron deficiency anemia in near term to term placenta. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:1045-1053. [PMID: 32223474 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1742317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency disorder in pregnant women. During pregnancy, placental transport protein Divalent metal transporter1 (DMT1) plays a crucial role in transit of iron across placenta. The developing fetus is observed to be immune to anemia despite presence of anemia in the mother. Hence, we planned the present study to explore the effect of maternal IDA on the expression of DMT1 in the placenta.Materials and methods: Two hundred pregnant women recruited, were divided into anemic and nonanemic groups based on their predelivery hemoglobin levels (<11 g/dL and ≥11 g/dL respectively). After delivery, placental expression of DMT1 was studied by immunohistochemistry and mRNA analysis and neonatal anthropometry was performed.Results: Of the 200 women recruited, 58.8% were anemic with 60.35% having moderate anemia. Most of the red cell parameters were observed to be higher in cord blood than mothers. DMT1 protein immunohistochemical expression showed a statistically significant increase with increasing severity of anemia. Similarly, placental mRNA expression levels of DMT1 gene were observed to be higher in anemic mothers in comparison with nonanemic mothers.Conclusion: Our study thus demonstrated a definite increase in expression of DMT1 at both protein and mRNA levels in term placenta, in maternal IDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mullapudi Venkata Surekha
- National Institute of Nutrition, Pathology and Microbiology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Thathapudi Sujatha
- National Institute of Nutrition, Pathology and Microbiology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Putcha Uday Kumar
- National Institute of Nutrition, Pathology and Microbiology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mudili Siva Prasad
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gummadi Sailaja
- National Institute of Nutrition, Pathology and Microbiology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - V Bhaskar
- Division of Bio-Statistics, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Thimmapuram Srinivas
- National Institute of Nutrition, Pathology and Microbiology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
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Santiago González DA, Cheli VT, Wan R, Paez PM. Iron Metabolism in the Peripheral Nervous System: The Role of DMT1, Ferritin, and Transferrin Receptor in Schwann Cell Maturation and Myelination. J Neurosci 2019; 39:9940-53. [PMID: 31676601 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1409-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential cofactor for many cellular enzymes involved in myelin synthesis, and iron homeostasis unbalance is a central component of peripheral neuropathies. However, iron absorption and management in the PNS are poorly understood. To study iron metabolism in Schwann cells (SCs), we have created 3 inducible conditional KO mice in which three essential proteins implicated in iron uptake and storage, the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), the ferritin heavy chain (Fth), and the transferrin receptor 1 (Tfr1), were postnatally ablated specifically in SCs. Deleting DMT1, Fth, or Tfr1 in vitro significantly reduce SC proliferation, maturation, and the myelination of DRG axons. This was accompanied by an important reduction in iron incorporation and storage. When these proteins were KO in vivo during the first postnatal week, the sciatic nerve of all 3 conditional KO animals displayed a significant reduction in the synthesis of myelin proteins and in the percentage of myelinated axons. Knocking out Fth produced the most severe phenotype, followed by DMT1 and, last, Tfr1. Importantly, DMT1 as well as Fth KO mice showed substantial motor coordination deficits. In contrast, deleting these proteins in mature myelinating SCs results in milder phenotypes characterized by small reductions in the percentage of myelinated axons and minor changes in the g-ratio of myelinated axons. These results indicate that DMT1, Fth, and Tfr1 are critical proteins for early postnatal iron uptake and storage in SCs and, as a consequence, for the normal myelination of the PNS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT To determine the function of the divalent metal transporter 1, the transferrin receptor 1, and the ferritin heavy chain in Schwann cell (SC) maturation and myelination, we created 3 conditional KO mice in which these proteins were postnatally deleted in Sox10-positive SCs. We have established that these proteins are necessary for normal SC iron incorporation and storage, and, as a consequence, for an effective myelination of the PNS. Since iron is indispensable for SC maturation, understanding iron metabolism in SCs is an essential prerequisite for developing therapies for demyelinating diseases in the PNS.
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Kondaiah P, Yaduvanshi PS, Sharp PA, Pullakhandam R. Iron and Zinc Homeostasis and Interactions: Does Enteric Zinc Excretion Cross-Talk with Intestinal Iron Absorption? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081885. [PMID: 31412634 PMCID: PMC6722515 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron and zinc are essential micronutrients required for growth and health. Deficiencies of these nutrients are highly prevalent among populations, but can be alleviated by supplementation and food fortification. Cross-sectional studies in humans showed positive association of serum zinc levels with hemoglobin and markers of iron status. Dietary restriction of zinc or intestinal specific conditional knock out of ZIP4 (SLC39A4), an intestinal zinc transporter, in experimental animals demonstrated iron deficiency anemia and tissue iron accumulation. Similarly, increased iron accumulation has been observed in cultured cells exposed to zinc deficient media. These results together suggest a potential role of zinc in modulating intestinal iron absorption and mobilization from tissues. Studies in intestinal cell culture models demonstrate that zinc induces iron uptake and transcellular transport via induction of divalent metal iron transporter-1 (DMT1) and ferroportin (FPN1) expression, respectively. It is interesting to note that intestinal cells are exposed to very high levels of zinc through pancreatic secretions, which is a major route of zinc excretion from the body. Therefore, zinc appears to be modulating the iron metabolism possibly via regulating the DMT1 and FPN1 levels. Herein we critically reviewed the available evidence to hypothesize novel mechanism of Zinc-DMT1/FPN1 axis in regulating intestinal iron absorption and tissue iron accumulation to facilitate future research aimed at understanding the yet elusive mechanisms of iron and zinc interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palsa Kondaiah
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, ICMR, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | - Paul A Sharp
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Kings College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Raghu Pullakhandam
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, ICMR, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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Jiang S, Guo S, Li H, Ni Y, Ma W, Zhao R. Identification and Functional Verification of MicroRNA-16 Family Targeting Intestinal Divalent Metal Transporter 1 ( DMT1) in vitro and in vivo. Front Physiol 2019; 10:819. [PMID: 31316397 PMCID: PMC6610423 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) is a key transporter of iron uptake and delivering in human and animals. However, post-transcriptional regulation of DMT1 is poorly understood. In this study, bioinformatic algorithms (TargetScan, PITA, miRanda, and miRDB) were applied to predict, screen, analyze, and obtain microRNA-16 family members (miR-16, miR-195, miR-497, and miR-15b) targeting DMT1, seed sequence and their binding sites within DMT1 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) region. As demonstrated by dual-luciferase reporter assays, luciferase activity of DMT1 3′ UTR reporter was impaired/enhanced when microRNA-16 family member over-expression plasmid/its inhibitor was transfected to HCT116 cells. Corroboratively, co-transfection of microRNA-16 family member over-expression plasmid and DMT1 3′ UTR mutant reporter repressed the luciferase activity in HCT116 cells. In addition, over-expression microRNA-16 family member augmented its expression and diminished DMT1 protein expression in HCT116 cells. Interestingly, tail vein injection of miR-16 assay revealed reduced plasma iron levels, higher miR-16 expression, and lower DMT1 protein expression in the duodenum of mice. Taken together, we provide evidence that microRNA-16 family (miR-16, miR-195, miR-497, and miR-15b) is confirmed to repress intestinal DMT1 expression in vitro and in vivo, which will give valuable insight into post-transcriptional regulation of DMT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shihui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingdong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Chen C, Liu P, Duan X, Cheng M, Xu LX. Deferoxamine-induced high expression of TfR1 and DMT1 enhanced iron uptake in triple-negative breast cancer cells by activating IL-6/PI3K/AKT pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4359-4377. [PMID: 31213851 PMCID: PMC6549404 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s193507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Deferoxamine (DFO) is a commonly used iron chelator, which can reduce the iron levels in cells. DFO is normally used to treat iron-overload disease, including some types of cancer. However, our previous studies revealed that DFO treatment significantly increased the iron concentrations in triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs) resulting in enhanced cell migration. But the mechanism of DFO-induced increasing iron uptake in aggressive TNBCs still remained unclear. Materials and methods: Iron metabolism-related proteins in aggressive breast cancer MDA-MB-231, HS578T and BT549 cells and nonaggressive breast cancer MCF-7 and T47D cells were examined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The possible regulatory mechanism was explored by Western blotting, co-incubation with neutralizing antibodies or inhibitors, and transwell assay. Results: In this study, we found that DFO treatment significantly increased the levels of iron uptake proteins, DMT1 and TfR1, in aggressive TNBCs. Moreover, both TfR1 and DMT1 expressed on cell membrane were involved in high iron uptake in TNBCs under DFO-induced iron deficient condition. For the possible regulatory mechanism, we found that DFO treatment could promote a high expression level of IL-6 in aggressive MDA-MB-231 cells. The activated IL-6/PI3K/AKT pathway upregulated the expression of iron-uptake related proteins, TfR1 and DMT1, leading to increased iron uptakes. Conclusion: We demonstrated that DFO could upregulate expression of TfR1 and DMT1 , which enhanced iron uptake via activating IL-6/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in aggressive TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Duan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Cheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisa X Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Yu X, Chen L, Ding H, Zhao Y, Feng J. Iron Transport from Ferrous Bisglycinate and Ferrous Sulfate in DMT1-Knockout Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030485. [PMID: 30813537 PMCID: PMC6470600 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the transport characteristics of iron from ferrous bisglycinate (Fe-Gly) in intestinal cells. The divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1)-knockout Caco-2 cell line was developed by Crispr-Cas9, and then the cells were treated with ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) or Fe-Gly to observe the labile iron pool and determine their iron transport. The results showed that the intracellular labile iron increased significantly with Fe-Gly or FeSO4 treatment, and this phenomenon was evident over a wide range of time and iron concentrations in the wild-type cells, whereas in the knockout cells it increased only after processing with high concentrations of iron for a long time (p < 0.05). DMT1-knockout suppressed the synthesis of ferritin and inhibited the response of iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP-1) and IRP-2 to these two iron sources. The expression of peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) was not altered by knockout or iron treatment. Interestingly, the expression of zinc-regulated transporter (ZRT) and iron-regulated transporter (IRT)-like protein 14 (Zip14) was elevated significantly by knockout and iron treatment in wild-type cells (p < 0.05). These results indicated that iron from Fe-Gly was probably mainly transported into enterocytes via DMT1 like FeSO4; Zip14 may play a certain role in the intestinal iron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lingjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Haoxuan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Guo YP, Tang BS, Liu HL, Huang JJ, Xu Q, Sun QY, Yan XX, Guo JF. Impaired iPLA 2β activity affects iron uptake and storage without iron accumulation: An in vitro study excluding decreased iPLA 2β activity as the cause of iron deposition in PLAN. Brain Res 2019; 1712:25-33. [PMID: 30707893 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN, NBIA2) is the second most common type of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), caused by recessive mutations of PLA2G6 gene, which encodes Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β). In most PLAN cases, decreased iPLA2β activity and iron deposition was observed meanwhile, and researchers also identified a PLA2G6 mutation family without iron deposition shown by MRI images. This brought us the question of whether decreased iPLA2β activity was the cause of iron deposition in PLAN. In this study, we used S-BEL as the antagonist of iPLA2β to block its activity and used SH-SY5Y cells as the expression system. We incubated SH-SY5Y cells with different concentrations of S-BEL. The results showed that decreased iPLA2β activity led no obvious iron accumulation, while changes of cells state and activation of apoptosis were observed. To further investigate the cause of unchanged iron level, we examined the cellular iron regulatory proteins involved in iron uptake, storage and export. The results were as follows: TfR1 (iron uptake protein) expression was decreased, the expression of ferritin heavy chain and light chain (iron storage protein) was increased. There was no alteration of the expression of DMT1 (iron uptake protein) and FPN1 (iron export protein). Under the condition of decreased iPLA2β activity, there was no obvious iron accumulation but iron uptake activity decreased and iron storage activity increased. Therefore, we speculate that the decreased iPLA2β activity may not be the main reason for iron deposition in PLAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pei Guo
- Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Center for Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Li Liu
- Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan-Juan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Ying Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Xiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Feng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Center for Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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48
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Ma X, Das NK, Castillo C, Gourani A, Perekatt AO, Verzi MP, Shah YM. SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3) and SMAD4 repress HIF2α-dependent iron-regulatory genes. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3974-3986. [PMID: 30659096 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α) directly regulates a battery of genes essential for intestinal iron absorption. Interestingly, iron deficiency and overload disorders do not result in increased intestinal expression of glycolytic or angiogenic HIF2α target genes. Similarly, inflammatory and tumor foci can induce a distinct subset of HIF2α target genes in vivo These observations indicate that different stimuli activate distinct subsets of HIF2α target genes via mechanisms that remain unclear. Here, we conducted a high-throughput siRNA-based screen to identify genes that regulate HIF2α's transcriptional activity on the promoter of the iron transporter gene divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1). SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3) and SMAD4 were identified as potential transcriptional repressors. Further analysis revealed that SMAD4 signaling selectively represses iron-absorptive gene promoters but not the inflammatory or glycolytic HIF2α or HIF1α target genes. Moreover, the highly homologous SMAD2 did not alter HIF2α transcriptional activity. During iron deficiency, SMAD3 and SMAD4 expression was significantly decreased via proteasomal degradation, allowing for derepression of iron target genes. Several iron-regulatory genes contain a SMAD-binding element (SBE) in their proximal promoters; however, mutation of the putative SBE on the DMT1 promoter did not alter the repressive function of SMAD3 or SMAD4. Importantly, the transcription factor forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) was critical in SMAD4-induced DMT1 repression, and DNA binding of SMAD4 was essential for the repression of HIF2α activity, suggesting an indirect repressive mechanism through DNA binding. These results provide mechanistic clues to how HIF signaling can be regulated by different cellular cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Ma
- From the Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | - Nupur K Das
- From the Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | | | - Ayla Gourani
- From the Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | - Ansu O Perekatt
- the Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute, and Rutgers Cancer Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Michael P Verzi
- the Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute, and Rutgers Cancer Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- From the Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and .,Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 and
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Abstract
Iron is an essential trace element in the human body, but excess iron is toxic as it contributes to oxidative damage. To keep iron concentration within the optimal physiologic range, iron metabolism at the cellular level and the whole systemic level are tightly regulated. Balance of iron homeostasis depends on the expression levels and activities of iron carriers, iron transporters, and iron regulatory and storage proteins. Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) at the apical membrane of intestinal enterocyte brings in non-heme iron from the diet, whereas ferroportin 1 (FPN1) at the basal membrane exports iron into the circulation. Plasma transferrin (Tf) then carries iron to various tissues and cells. After binding to transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), the complex is endocytosed into the cell, where iron enters the cytoplasm via DMT1 on the endosomal membrane. Free iron is either utilized in metabolic processes, such as synthesis of hemoglobin and Fe-S cluster, or sequestered in the cytosolic ferritin, serving as a cellular iron store. Excess iron can be exported from the cell via FPN1. The liver-derived peptide hepcidin plays a major regulatory role in controlling FPN1 level in the enterocyte, and thus controls the whole-body iron absorption. Inside the cells, iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) modulate the expressions of DMT1, TfR1, ferritin, and FPN1 via binding to the iron-responsive element (IRE) in their mRNAs. Both the release of hepcidin and the IRP-IRE interaction are coordinated with the fluctuation of the cellular iron level. Therefore, an adequate and steady iron supplement is warranted for the utilization of cells around the body. Investigations on the molecular mechanisms of cellular iron metabolism and regulation could advance the fields of iron physiology and pathophysiology.
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50
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Sandberg AS, Önning G, Engström N, Scheers N. Iron Supplements Containing Lactobacillus plantarum 299v Increase Ferric Iron and Up-regulate the Ferric Reductase DCYTB in Human Caco-2/HT29 MTX Co-Cultures. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1949. [PMID: 30544799 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several human interventions have indicated that Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (L. plantarum 299v) increases intestinal iron absorption. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible effects of L. plantarum 299v on the mechanisms of iron absorption on the cellular level. We have previously shown that lactic fermentation of vegetables increased iron absorption in humans. It was revealed that the level of ferric iron [Fe (H₂O)₅]2+ was increased after fermentation. Therefore, we used voltammetry to measure the oxidation state of iron in simulated gastrointestinal digested oat and mango drinks and capsule meals containing L. plantarum 299v. We also exposed human intestinal co-cultures of enterocytes and goblet cells (Caco-2/HT29 MTX) to the supplements in order to study the effect on proteins possibly involved (MUC5AC, DCYTB, DMT1, and ferritin). We detected an increase in ferric iron in the digested meals and drinks containing L. plantarum 299v. In the intestinal cell model, we observed that the ferric reductase DCYTB increased in the presence of L. plantarum 299v, while the production of mucin (MUC5AC) decreased independently of L. plantarum 299v. In conclusion, the data suggest that the effect of L. plantarum 299v on iron metabolism is mediated through driving the Fe3+/DCYTB axis.
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