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Ebea PO, Vidyasagar S, Connor JR, Frazer DM, Knutson MD, Collins JF. Oral iron therapy: Current concepts and future prospects for improving efficacy and outcomes. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:759-773. [PMID: 38253961 PMCID: PMC10939879 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) and iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) are global public health concerns, most commonly afflicting children, pregnant women and women of childbearing age. Pathological outcomes of ID include delayed cognitive development in children, adverse pregnancy outcomes and decreased work capacity in adults. IDA is usually treated by oral iron supplementation, typically using iron salts (e.g. FeSO4 ); however, dosing at several-fold above the RDA may be required due to less efficient absorption. Excess enteral iron causes adverse gastrointestinal side effects, thus reducing compliance, and negatively impacts the gut microbiome. Recent research has sought to identify new iron formulations with better absorption so that lower effective dosing can be utilized. This article outlines emerging research on oral iron supplementation and focuses on molecular mechanisms by which different supplemental forms of iron are transported across the intestinal epithelium and whether these transport pathways are subject to regulation by the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl O. Ebea
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - James R. Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David M. Frazer
- Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mitchell D. Knutson
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - James F. Collins
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Vinijkumthorn R, Bauck AG, Vidyasagar S, Freeman DE. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs reduce anion secretion and increase apoptosis in equine colonic mucosa ex vivo. Am J Vet Res 2024; 85:ajvr.23.08.0182. [PMID: 38113643 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.23.08.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Right dorsal colitis causes chronic colic associated with long-term treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This study was designed to determine if NSAIDs could inhibit anion transporters that protect against intestinal mucosal injury in other species. ANIMALS 20 healthy horses. METHODS The effects of indomethacin (INDO) and firocoxib (FIR), on short-circuit current (Isc) in mucosa from the right dorsal colon (RDC) and right ventral colon (RVC) were measured in Ussing chambers by standard electrophysiological techniques. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect apoptosis (caspase-3) with these NSAIDs and phenylbutazone (PBZ) and to locate the NKCC1 transporter. RESULTS The Isc in RDC and RVC incubated with INDO or FIR was increased almost 3-fold (P < .0001) by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) through a system inhibited by loop diuretics (P < .0001). Although these findings and anion replacement studies were consistent with anion secretion, the RDC also displayed an Isc response suggestive of a unique transporter apparently absent in RVC or NSAID-free solutions. In RDC, FIR, INDO, and PBZ induced apoptosis in the lower half of crypts. However, significant differences in apoptotic index were recorded in the RDC between NSAID-treated and control tissues (no NSAID). CLINICAL RELEVANCE The effects of NSAIDs on Isc were consistent with reduced anion secretion, which could represent the pharmacological equivalent of the transport failure responsible for Cystic Fibrosis (CF) in other species. Failure of anion secretion could interfere with buffering acid from intraluminal fermentation, which could suggest a treatment target for right dorsal colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruethaiwan Vinijkumthorn
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Anje G Bauck
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - David E Freeman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Niles SE, Blazy P, Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW, Vidyasagar S, Smith AB, Fawkes N, Denman W. Effectiveness of an amino acid beverage formulation in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: A pragmatic real-world study. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2023; 14:39-49. [PMID: 38174291 PMCID: PMC10758599 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v14.i5.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino-acid based medical foods have shown promise in alleviating symptoms of drug induced gastrointestinal side effects; particularly, diarrhea-predominant symptoms. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disorder that affects up to 9% of people globally, with diarrhea predominant IBS (IBS-D) being the most prevalent subtype. Further trials are needed to explore potential added benefits when integrated into standard care for IBS-D. AIM To assess the effectiveness of an amino acid-based medical food as an adjunct to standard of care for adults with IBS-D. METHODS This is a pragmatic, real world, open label, single arm study comparing a 2-week baseline assessment to a 2-week intervention period. One hundred adults, aged 18 to 65 years, with IBS-D, according to Rome IV criteria, were enrolled after completing a 2-week baseline assessment period and received a 2-week supply of an amino acid based medical food which was consumed at home twice daily on top of their standard of care. The primary outcome was an assessment of tolerability after 2-weeks of consumption, while secondary outcomes included changes in stool consistency (Bristol Stool Form Scale), severity of abdominal pain & discomfort, symptoms of urgency, Global Improvement Survey (GIS), and the IBS severity scoring system (IBS-SSS). RESULTS The test product was well-tolerated as each participant successfully completed the full 14-day trial, and there were no instances of dropouts or discontinuation of the study product reported. Forty percent of participants achieved a 50% or more reduction in the number of days with type 6-7 bowel movements (IBS-D stool consistency responders). Fifty-three percent of participants achieved a clinically meaningful reduction of 30% in mean weekly pain scores, and 55% experienced the same for mean weekly discomfort scores (IBS-D pain and discomfort responders). Participants experienced a mean -109.4 (95% confidence interval: -130.1, -88.8) point reduction on the IBS-SSS and 52% experienced a minimally clinically important difference of > 95 points. An IBS-SSS category shift from severe to moderate or mild occurred in 69% of participants. For functional symptoms, 76% of participants reported symptom relief on the GIS. CONCLUSION The amino acid-based medical food was well-tolerated, when added to the standard of care, and demonstrated improvements in both overall IBS symptom severity and IBS-D symptoms within just 2 wk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Niles
- Department of Research and Development, Entrinsic Bioscience, Norwood, MA 02062, United States
| | - Phil Blazy
- Department of Research and Development, Entrinsic Bioscience, Norwood, MA 02062, United States
| | - Samuel N Cheuvront
- Department of Research and Development, Entrinsic Bioscience, Norwood, MA 02062, United States
| | - Robert W Kenefick
- Department of Research and Development, Entrinsic Bioscience, Norwood, MA 02062, United States
| | - Sadasivan Vidyasagar
- Department of Research and Development, Entrinsic Bioscience, Norwood, MA 02062, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Adam B Smith
- Department of Research and Development, Entrinsic Bioscience, Norwood, MA 02062, United States
| | - Neil Fawkes
- Department of Research and Development, Entrinsic Bioscience, Norwood, MA 02062, United States
| | - William Denman
- Department of Research and Development, Entrinsic Bioscience, Norwood, MA 02062, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States
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Sasidharan A, Peethambar BA, Kumar KS, Kumar AV, Hiregange A, Fawkes N, Collins JF, Grosche A, Vidyasagar S. Advancing peristalsis deciphering in mouse small intestine by multi-parameter tracking. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1237. [PMID: 38062160 PMCID: PMC10703907 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing gastrointestinal motility lacks simultaneous evaluation of intraluminal pressure (ILP), circular muscle (CM) and longitudinal muscle (LM) contraction, and lumen emptying. In this study, a sophisticated machine was developed that synchronized real-time recordings to quantify the intricate interplay between CM and LM contractions, and their timings for volume changes using high-resolution cameras with machine learning capability, the ILP using pressure transducers and droplet discharge (DD) using droplet counters. Results revealed four distinct phases, BPhase, NPhase, DPhase, and APhase, distinguished by pressure wave amplitudes. Fluid filling impacted LM strength and contraction frequency initially, followed by CM contraction affecting ILP, volume, and the extent of anterograde, retrograde, and segmental contractions during these phases that result in short or long duration DD. This comprehensive analysis sheds light on peristalsis mechanisms, understand their sequence and how one parameter influenced the other, offering insights for managing peristalsis by regulating smooth muscle contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusree Sasidharan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Ashok V Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - James F Collins
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Astrid Grosche
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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King MA, Grosche A, Ward SM, Ward JA, Sasidharan A, Mayer TA, Plamper ML, Xu X, Ward MD, Clanton TL, Vidyasagar S. Amino acid solution mitigates hypothermia response and intestinal damage following exertional heat stroke in male mice. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15681. [PMID: 37217446 PMCID: PMC10202825 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased gut permeability is implicated in the initiation and extent of the cytokine inflammatory response associated with exertional heat stroke (EHS). The primary objective of this study was to determine if a five amino acid oral rehydration solution (5AAS), specifically designed for the protection of the gastrointestinal lining, would prolong time to EHS, maintain gut function and dampen the systemic inflammatory response (SIR) measured during EHS recovery. Male C57/BL6J mice instrumented with radiotelemetry were gavaged with 150 μL of 5AAS or H2 O, and ≈12 h later were either exposed to an EHS protocol where mice exercised in a 37.5°C environmental chamber to a self-limiting maximum core temperature (Tc,max) or performed the exercise control (EXC) protocol (25°C). 5AAS pretreatment attenuated hypothermia depth and length (p < 0.005), which are indicators of EHS severity during recovery, without any effect on physical performance or thermoregulatory responses in the heat as determined by percent body weight lost (≈9%), max speed (≈6 m/min), distance (≈700 m), time to Tc,max (≈160 min), thermal area (≈550°C∙min), and Tc,max (42.2°C). EHS groups treated with 5AAS showed a significant decrease in gut transepithelial conductance, decreased paracellular permeability, increased villus height, increased electrolyte absorption and changes in tight junction protein expression pattern suggestive of improved barrier integrity (p < 0.05). No differences were witnessed between EHS groups in acute phase response markers of liver, circulating SIR markers, or indicators of organ damage during recovery. These results suggest that a 5AAS improves Tc regulation during EHS recovery through maintaining mucosal function and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. King
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine DivisionUnited States Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMassachusettsUSA
| | - Astrid Grosche
- Radiation OncologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Shauna M. Ward
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine DivisionUnited States Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jermaine A. Ward
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine DivisionUnited States Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMassachusettsUSA
| | - Anusree Sasidharan
- Radiation OncologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Thomas A. Mayer
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine DivisionUnited States Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMassachusettsUSA
| | - Mark L. Plamper
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine DivisionUnited States Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMassachusettsUSA
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Radiation OncologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Matthew D. Ward
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine DivisionUnited States Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMassachusettsUSA
| | - Thomas L. Clanton
- Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Sadasivan Vidyasagar
- Radiation OncologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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Bauck AG, Vidyasagar S, Freeman DE. Mechanisms of bicarbonate secretion in the equine colon ex vivo. Am J Vet Res 2022; 83:ajvr.22.03.0045. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.22.03.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To examine bicarbonate (HCO3−) secretion ex vivo in the equine large colon to determine any differences between the right dorsal colon (RDC) and right ventral colon (RVC). The effect of phenylbutazone (PBZ) on HCO3− secretion was examined in the RDC.
ANIMALS
14 healthy horses.
PROCEDURES
In anesthetized horses (n = 10), segments of mucosa from RDC and RVC were harvested to measure HCO3− secretion ex vivo with the pH Stat method. The effect of PBZ on HCO3− secretion in the RDC was studied in 4 additional horses.
RESULTS
Three distinct mechanisms of HCO3− secretion previously described in a murine model were confirmed in the equine colon. The RDC had a greater capacity for electrogenic, Cl−-independent HCO3− secretion than the RVC (P = 0.04). In the RDC, all HCO3− secretion was decreased by PBZ (P < 0.02) but was not studied in the RVC because of low baseline secretion.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Secretion of HCO3− by the RDC could play a pivotal role in equine colon physiology, because intense microbial fermentation in this site could require HCO3− secretion to buffer short-chain fatty acids. Inhibition of this secretion by PBZ could interfere with mucosal buffering and predispose to changes associated with right dorsal colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anje G. Bauck
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - David E. Freeman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Grosche A, Xu X, Damiano A, Prabhakaran S, Vidyasagar S. Select Amino Acids Increase Anion Secretion in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (HBEC) with F508del and Nonsense Mutations: Alternative Approach to Restoring Airway Anion Secretion in Cystic Fibrosis. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r6106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Grosche A, Damiano A, Sasidharan A, Xu X, Vidyasagar S. Select Amino Acid Formulation Influenced Anion Secretion Induced by Th2 Cytokines in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (HBECs). FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r4974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sasidharan A, Santhoshkumar K, Peethambar BA, Grosche A, Vidyasagar S. Intraluminal Pressure, Multi‐Dimensional Field Imaging and Fluid Volume Recordings as a Useful Tool to Determine Peristaltic Propulsion. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r5781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW, Luque L, Mitchell KM, Vidyasagar S. Are oral rehydration solutions optimized for treating diarrhea? Nutr Health 2021; 27:461-465. [PMID: 33583247 DOI: 10.1177/0260106021991641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A historical turning point occurred in the treatment of diarrhea when it was discovered that glucose could enhance intestinal sodium and water absorption. Adding glucose to salt water (oral rehydration solution, ORS) more efficiently replaced intestinal water and salt losses. AIM Provide a novel hypothesis to explain why mainstream use of ORS has been strongly recommended, but weakly adopted. METHODS Traditional (absorptive) and novel (secretory) physiological functions of glucose in an ORS were reviewed. RESULTS Small amounts of glucose can stimulate both intestinal absorption and secretion. Glucose can exacerbate a net secretory state and may aggravate pathogen-induced diarrhea, particularly for pathogens that affect glucose transport. CONCLUSION A hypothesis is made to explain why glucose-based ORS does not appreciably reduce diarrheal stool volume and why modern food science initiatives should focus on ORS formulations that replace water and electrolytes while also reducing stool volume and duration of diarrhea.
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Lockney N, Swarts SG, Li J, Morris C, Henderson R, Zhang SB, Zhang Z, Vidyasagar S, Gupta R, Casey-Sawicki K, Zlotecki R, Okunieff P. Abstract A084: Personalized prediction of radiation sensitivity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp19-a084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose/Objective: Patients of different races with similar cancers are often treated with radiation according to safety criteria largely collected from patients of European origin. However, even among those patients, toxicities are not predictable. Patients of African origin appear to have more severe skin radiation reactions, particularly Black women with breast cancer, than other populations. We have developed a technique using circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) that appears to predict toxicity in patients with otherwise similar radiation dosimetry, allowing for early intervention to prevent side effects (marketed as RadToxTM, DiaCarta, Inc.). Methods: Pre-clinical studies were performed in mice with white (BALB/c), brown (C3H/HeJ), or black (C57BL/6) fur. Radiation was delivered to the hind limb, and the skin reaction was evaluated. Blood was collected to evaluate changes in cfDNA as compared to severity of cutaneous toxicity. A phase I/II clinical study (n=54) was also performed to determine if plasma cfDNA measured early in a radiotherapy course can predict the subset of patients who experience grade 2 or higher radiotoxicity. Results: The most severe toxicity was seen in the C57BL/6 mice, and at similar doses the increase in cfDNA was higher than in the other two strains. Fifty-four patients were evaluable for the clinical study. Radiation significantly increased cfDNA on all days following the first radiation session. Acute maximum GI toxicity score, but not acute GU toxicity, was significantly correlated with cfDNA levels obtained on days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of radiotherapy (p<0.005). Conclusions: Plasma cfDNA levels predicted the mouse strain that experienced more severe toxicity, and in a small study detected acute bowel toxicity. A larger study is needed to confirm the results and the value of the test for identifying patients who need special interventions to reduce toxicity. Further testing of this hypothesis is under evaluation in an NCI-funded multi-institutional study.
Citation Format: Natalie Lockney, Steven G Swarts, Jennifer Li, Christopher Morris, Randal Henderson, Steven B Zhang, Zhenhuan Zhang, Sadasivan Vidyasagar, Reshu Gupta, Katherine Casey-Sawicki, Robert Zlotecki, Paul Okunieff. Personalized prediction of radiation sensitivity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A084.
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Okunieff P, Zhang SB, Zhang Z, Swarts SG, Lockney NA, Casey-Sawicki K, Vidyasagar S. Abstract A083: Detection of personalized oncogenic risk after genotoxic exposures. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp19-a083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: Despite reduced sensitivity to sun exposure, many Black patients treated with ionizing radiation appear to experience increased skin toxicity as compared to White patients. The cause is unknown, yet some studies have suggested that DNA repair is reduced in these patients. Therefore, we developed a technology to examine organ-specific differences in mutation rate after irradiation. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of personalized quantitative measurements of single base errors in DNA using a saline skin swab after irradiation. We believe this technology will have the potential to identify patients at higher risk for skin toxicity and, therefore, for whom preventative measures are most important. Methods/Results: We have developed a method for quantification of point mutations using xeno-DNA clamps. This method exceeds the theoretical limit for quantitation of base errors using standard deep-gene sequencing by several orders of magnitude. It can be performed on an organ-specific basis with less than 1 ng of DNA (≈100 cells). We have developed both a mouse and a human clamp set. Measurements of mouse organs, including the liver, brain, skin, spleen, and small bowel, were performed before and at various times after irradiation (0.5 to 10 Gy). Human cell culture studies parallel the mouse studies, and human clinical trials are underway using cotton swabs of skin and oral mucosa. The brain is highly efficient at damage repair, whereas mature lymphocytes repair poorly; epithelial cells (GI and skin) have intermediate accumulation of mutations after irradiation. Mutation accumulation can be higher at a low dose and does not monotonically increase with dose. Conclusions: Our xeno-DNA clamp methodology can easily, inexpensively, and quantitatively measure incremental point changes in the non-coding silent DNA that makes up 98.5% of the human genome. The test is ready for clinical application and a clinical trial is beginning in Black and White patients with head and neck cancers. Preliminary data will be presented.
Citation Format: Paul Okunieff, Steven B Zhang, Zhenhuan Zhang, Steven G Swarts, Natalie A Lockney, Katherine Casey-Sawicki, Sadasivan Vidyasagar. Detection of personalized oncogenic risk after genotoxic exposures [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A083.
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Gupta R, Yin L, Grosche A, Lin S, Xu X, Guo J, Vaught LA, Okunieff PG, Vidyasagar S. An Amino Acid-Based Oral Rehydration Solution Regulates Radiation-Induced Intestinal Barrier Disruption in Mice. J Nutr 2020; 150:1100-1108. [PMID: 32133527 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy inadvertently affects gastrointestinal (GI) epithelial cells, causing intestinal barrier disruption and increased permeability. OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of amino acid-based oral rehydration solution (AA-ORS) on radiation-induced changes of intestinal barrier function and epithelial tight junctions (TJs) in a randomized experimental study using a total-body irradiation (TBI) mouse model. METHODS Eight-week-old male Swiss mice received a single-dose TBI (0, 1, 3, or 5 Gy), and subsequent gastric gavage with AA-ORS (threonine, valine, serine, tyrosine, and aspartic acid) or saline for 2 or 6 d. Intestinal barrier function of mouse ileum was characterized by electrophysiological analysis of conductance, anion selectivity, and paracellular permeability [fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran]. Ultrastructural changes of TJs were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Membrane protein and mRNA expression of claudin-1, -2, -3, -5, and -7, occludin, and E-cadherin were analyzed with western blot, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry. Nonparametric tests were used to compare treatment-dose differences for each time point. RESULTS Saline-treated mice had a higher conductance at doses as low as 3 Gy, and as early as 2 d post-TBI compared with 0 Gy (P < 0.001). Paracellular permeability and dilution potential were increased 6 d after 5 Gy TBI (P < 0.001). Conductance decreased with AA-ORS after 2 d in 3-Gy and 5-Gy mice (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001), and on day 6 after 5 Gy TBI (P < 0.001). Anion selectivity and FITC permeability decreased from 0.73 ± 0.02 to 0.61 ± 0.03 pCl/pNa (P < 0.01) and from 2.7 ± 0.1 × 105 to 2.1 ± 0.1 × 105 RFU (P < 0.001) in 5-Gy mice treated with AA-ORS for 6 d compared with saline. Irradiation-induced ultrastructural changes of TJs characterized by decreased electron density and gap formation improved with AA-ORS. Reduced claudin-1, -3, and -7 membrane expression after TBI recovered with AA-ORS within 6 d, whereas claudin-2 decreased indicating restitution of TJ proteins. CONCLUSIONS Radiation-induced functional and structural disruption of the intestinal barrier in mice is reversed by AA-ORS rendering AA-ORS a potential treatment option in prospective clinical trials in patients with gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshu Gupta
- Entrinsic Health Solutions, Norwood, MA, USA
| | - Liangjie Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lauren A Vaught
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Paul G Okunieff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sadasivan Vidyasagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Woloshun RR, Yu Y, Xu X, Lee JK, Zhu S, Theophilus R, Ebea P, Vidyasagar S, Collins JF. Amino Acids Influence DMT1 Trafficking in Duodenal Enterocytes and Modulate Iron Absorption. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lockney N, Swarts S, Li J, Morris C, Henderson R, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Vidyasagar S, Gupta R, Casey-Sawicki K, Zlotecki R, Okunieff P. Measuring Radiation Toxicity Using Circulating Cell-Free DNA in Prostate Cancer Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Wang X, Zhang M, Flores SR, Woloshun RR, Yang C, Yin L, Xiang P, Xu X, Garrick MD, Vidyasagar S, Merlin D, Collins JF. Oral Delivery of Dmt1 siRNAs by Ginger Nanoparticle‐derived Lipid Vectors Mitigates Iron Loading in Hepcidin KO Mice. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.lb551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Food Science and Human NutritionUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- Center for Diagnostics and TherapeuticsGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA
| | | | | | - Chunhua Yang
- Center for Diagnostics and TherapeuticsGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA
| | - Liangjie Yin
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | - Ping Xiang
- Food Science and Human NutritionUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | | | | | - Didier Merlin
- Center for Diagnostics and TherapeuticsGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA
| | - James F Collins
- Food Science and Human NutritionUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
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King MA, Dineen S, Ward J, Mayer T, Plamper M, Grosche A, Xu X, Sasidharan A, Ward M, Clanton T, Vidyasagar S, Leon L. Amino Acid‐Based Oral Rehydration Solution Mitigates Exertional Heat Stroke Severity but Does Not Alter the Innate Immune Response. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.838.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Woloshun RR, Xu X, Wang X, Yu Y, Flores SRL, Vidyasagar S, Collins JF. Select Amino Acids Alter DMT1 Abundance on the BBM of Intestinal Enterocytes and Enhance or Reduce Iron Flux in Duodenal Organ Cultures. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.lb549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Radiation OncologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Food Science and Human NutritionUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | - Yang Yu
- Food Science and Human NutritionUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | | | | | - James F Collins
- Food Science and Human NutritionUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
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Wang X, Zhang M, Flores SRL, Woloshun RR, Yang C, Yin L, Xiang P, Xu X, Garrick MD, Vidyasagar S, Merlin D, Collins JF. Oral Gavage of Ginger Nanoparticle-Derived Lipid Vectors Carrying Dmt1 siRNA Blunts Iron Loading in Murine Hereditary Hemochromatosis. Mol Ther 2019; 27:493-506. [PMID: 30713087 PMCID: PMC6401192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been utilized to deliver drugs to the intestinal epithelium in vivo. Moreover, NPs derived from edible plants are less toxic than synthetic NPs. Here, we utilized ginger NP-derived lipid vectors (GDLVs) in a proof-of-concept investigation to test the hypothesis that inhibiting expression of divalent metal-ion transporter 1 (Dmt1) would attenuate iron loading in a mouse model of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). Initial experiments using duodenal epithelial organ cultures from intestine-specific Dmt1 knockout (KO) (Dmt1int/int) mice in the Ussing chamber established that Dmt1 is the only active iron importer during iron-deficiency anemia. Further, when Dmt1int/int mice were crossed with mice lacking the iron-regulatory hormone, hepcidin (Hepc-/-), iron loading was abolished. Hence, intestinal Dmt1 is required for the excessive iron absorption that typifies HH. Additional experiments established a protocol to produce GDLVs carrying functional Dmt1 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and to target these gene delivery vehicles to the duodenal epithelium in vivo (by incorporating folic acid [FA]). When FA-GDLVs carrying Dmt1 siRNA were administered to weanling Hepc-/- mice for 16 days, intestinal Dmt1 mRNA expression was attenuated and tissue iron accumulation was blunted. Oral delivery of functional siRNAs by FA-GDLVs is a suitable therapeutic approach to mitigate iron loading in murine HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- Institute of Medical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shireen R L Flores
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Regina R Woloshun
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liangjie Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ping Xiang
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; State Key Lab of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael D Garrick
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Didier Merlin
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - James F Collins
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Wang X, Flores SRL, Ha JH, Doguer C, Woloshun RR, Xiang P, Grosche A, Vidyasagar S, Collins JF. Intestinal DMT1 Is Essential for Optimal Assimilation of Dietary Copper in Male and Female Mice with Iron-Deficiency Anemia. J Nutr 2018; 148:1244-1252. [PMID: 30137476 PMCID: PMC6074787 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Divalent metal-ion transporter 1 (DMT1) may transport copper, but studies to date on this topic have been equivocal. Previously, an ex vivo experiment showed that intestinal copper transport was impaired in Dmt1-mutant Belgrade rats. Objective In this study, we tested the hypothesis that intestinal DMT1 transports copper in vivo. Methods Intestine-specific Dmt1 knockout (Dmt1int/int) mice and normal (control) littermates (Dmt1fl/fl) were used. In study 1, intestinal copper absorption was assessed in 7-wk-old mice of both sexes and genotypes by oral-intragastric gavage of 64Cu under normal and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) conditions. In study 2, both sexes and genotypes of 8-wk-old mice were fed diets with adequate iron concentrations [72 parts per million (ppm)] plus adequate (9 ppm) or excessive (183 ppm) copper concentrations for 4 wk. Iron- and copper-related physiologic variables were subsequently assessed. Results Study 1 showed that intestinal copper transport was enhanced in normal (∼11% increase in males, 35% in females) and anemic (∼42% increase in males, 35% in females) Dmt1int/int mice. Study 2 showed that, with adequate copper intakes, serum ceruloplasmin (Cp) activity was decreased (by ∼29% in males and 20% in females) and spleens were enlarged (by 3-fold in both sexes) in Dmt1int/int mice. Higher dietary copper increased hepatic copper concentrations (by ∼3.3-fold in males and 1.5-fold in females), restored serum Cp activity, and mitigated the noted splenomegaly in Dmt1int/int mice. Conclusions Copper homeostasis was disrupted in Dmt1int/int mice, particularly during IDA, despite the noted increases in intestinal copper transport. This was exemplified by the fact that extra dietary copper was required to restore serum Cp activity (a biomarker of copper status) and reduce the severity of the noted splenomegaly (which could reflect changes in erythropoietic demand) in Dmt1int/int mice. Collectively, these observations show that intestinal DMT1 is essential for the assimilation of sufficient quantities of dietary copper to maintain systemic copper homeostasis during IDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Departments of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Shireen RL Flores
- Departments of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jung-Heun Ha
- Departments of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Caglar Doguer
- Departments of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Regina R Woloshun
- Departments of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Ping Xiang
- Departments of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL,State Key Lab of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Astrid Grosche
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - James F Collins
- Departments of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL,Address correspondence to JFC (e-mail: )
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Sollanek KJ, Tsurumoto M, Vidyasagar S, Kenefick RW, Cheuvront SN. Neither body mass nor sex influences beverage hydration index outcomes during randomized trial when comparing 3 commercial beverages. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 107:544-549. [PMID: 29635499 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The beverage hydration index (BHI) assesses the hydration potential of any consumable fluid relative to water. The BHI is a relatively new metric, and the impact of body mass, sex, and reproducibility has yet to be investigated. Objectives To assess the independent impact of body mass and sex on BHI using beverages not previously assessed, including an amino acid-based oral rehydration solution (AA-ORS), a glucose-containing ORS (G-ORS), and a sports drink (SpD), compared with water (control). The reproducibility of the results was examined using statistical modeling (bootstrap analysis). Design Using a repeated-measures design, 40 euhydrated and fasted subjects (17 male, 23 female; urine specific gravity <1.025) were studied on 4 separate occasions. During each trial, subjects ingested 1 L of each beverage, and urine output was measured immediately postingestion and at 1-h intervals for the next 4 h. The BHI was calculated as a ratio of each individual's cumulative urine output after drinking 1 L of water over their cumulative urine output after drinking each of the test beverages. Results The calculated mean ± SD BHIs of the beverages were as follows: water (1.0 ± 0.0), AA-ORS (1.15 ± 0.28), G-ORS (1.21 ± 0.28), and SpD (1.09 ± 0.26). The BHI for both AA-ORS and G-ORS was greater than that for water (P < 0.05). Despite overall differences in body mass, neither body mass nor sex independently affected BHI. Based upon statistical modeling, our results demonstrate excellent reproducibility of outcomes and external validity. Conclusions Our results suggest that the BHI may be used and interpreted with confidence independently of body mass or sex. Furthermore, a novel carbohydrate-free AA-ORS and a traditional commercially available G-ORS were superior to water in optimizing hydration, whereas SpD was not. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03262597.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt J Sollanek
- Department of Kinesiology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA
| | - Matthew Tsurumoto
- Department of Kinesiology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA
| | - Sadasivan Vidyasagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Cancer and Genetics Research, Gainesville, FL
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Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW, Charkoudian N, Mitchell KM, Luippold AJ, Bradbury KE, Vidyasagar S. Efficacy of Glucose or Amino Acid-Based Commercial Beverages in Meeting Oral Rehydration Therapy Goals After Acute Hypertonic and Isotonic Dehydration. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2018; 42:1185-1193. [DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nisha Charkoudian
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine; Natick MA USA
| | | | - Adam J. Luippold
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine; Natick MA USA
| | | | - Sadasivan Vidyasagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Florida Health Cancer Center; Cancer and Genetics Research; Gainesville FL USA
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23
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Zhang SB, Yang S, Zhang Z, Zhang A, Zhang M, Yin L, Casey-Sawicki K, Swarts S, Vidyasagar S, Zhang L, Okunieff P. Thoracic gamma irradiation-induced obesity in C57BL/6 female mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:1334-1342. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1385871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven B. Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shanmin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zhenhuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Amy Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Liangjie Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katherine Casey-Sawicki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven Swarts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sadasivan Vidyasagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Paul Okunieff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Okunieff P, Swarts S, Gupta R, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Vidyasagar S. Personalized Clinical Measurement of Rare Mutations using XenoDNA: Preliminary Application for Early Treatment Response and Screening. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Yin L, Menon R, Gupta R, Vaught L, Okunieff P, Vidyasagar S. Glucose enhances rotavirus enterotoxin-induced intestinal chloride secretion. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1093-1105. [PMID: 28488023 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus causes severe diarrhea in small children and is typically treated using glucose-containing oral rehydration solutions; however, glucose may have a detrimental impact on these patients, because it increases chloride secretion and presumably water loss. The rotavirus enterotoxin nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) directly inhibits glucose-mediated sodium absorption. We examined the effects of NSP4 and glucose on sodium and chloride transport in mouse small intestines and Caco-2 cells. Mouse small intestines and Caco-2 cells were incubated with NSP4114-135 in the presence/absence of glucose. Absorption and secretion of sodium and chloride, fluid movement, peak amplitude of intracellular calcium fluorescence, and expression of Ano1 and sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 were assessed. NHE3 activity increased, and chloride secretory activity decreased with age. Net chloride secretion increased, and net sodium absorption decreased in the intestines of 3-week-old mice compared to 8-week-old mice with NSP4. Glucose increased NSP4-stimulated chloride secretion. Glucose increased NSP4-stimulated increase in short-circuit current measurements (I sc) and net chloride secretion. Ano1 cells with siRNA knockdown showed a significant difference in I sc in the presence of NSP4 and glucose without a significant difference in peak calcium fluorescence intracellular when compared to non-silencing (N.S.) cells. The failure of glucose to stimulate significant sodium absorption was likely due to the inhibition of sodium-hydrogen exchange and sodium-glucose cotransport by NSP4. Since glucose enhances intestinal chloride secretion and fails to increase sodium absorption in the presence of NSP4, glucose-based oral rehydration solutions may not be ideal for the management of rotaviral diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Cancer and Genomic Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Rd., Box 103633, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Rejeesh Menon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Cancer and Genomic Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Rd., Box 103633, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Reshu Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Cancer and Genomic Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Rd., Box 103633, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Lauren Vaught
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Cancer and Genomic Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Rd., Box 103633, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Paul Okunieff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Cancer and Genomic Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Rd., Box 103633, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sadasivan Vidyasagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Cancer and Genomic Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Rd., Box 103633, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Yin L, Gupta R, Vaught L, Grosche A, Okunieff P, Vidyasagar S. An amino acid-based oral rehydration solution (AA-ORS) enhanced intestinal epithelial proliferation in mice exposed to radiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37220. [PMID: 27876791 PMCID: PMC5120277 DOI: 10.1038/srep37220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Destruction of clonogenic cells in the crypt following irradiation are thought to cause altered gastrointestinal function. Previously, we found that an amino acid-based oral rehydration solution (AA-ORS) improved gastrointestinal function in irradiated mice. However, the exact mechanisms were unknown. Electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, qPCR, and Western blot analysis were used to determine that AA-ORS increased proliferation, maturation, and differentiation and improved electrolyte and nutrient absorption in irradiated mice. A single-hit, multi-target crypt survival curve showed a significant increase in crypt progenitors in irradiated mice treated with AA-ORS for six days (8.8 ± 0.4) compared to the saline-treated group (6.1 ± 0.3; P < 0.001) without a change in D0 (4.8 ± 0.1 Gy). The Dq values increased from 8.8 ± 0.4 Gy to 10.5 ± 0.5 Gy with AA-ORS treatment (P < 0.01), indicating an increased radiation tolerance of 1.7 Gy. We also found that AA-ORS treatment (1) increased Lgr5+, without altering Bmi1 positive cells; (2) increased levels of proliferation markers (Ki-67, p-Erk, p-Akt and PCNA); (3) decreased apoptosis markers, such as cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-2; and (4) increased expression and protein levels of NHE3 and SGLT1 in the brush border membrane. This study shows that AA-ORS increased villus height and improved electrolyte and nutrient absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Road, Box 103633, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Reshu Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Road, Box 103633, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lauren Vaught
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Road, Box 103633, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Astrid Grosche
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Road, Box 103633, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Paul Okunieff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Road, Box 103633, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sadasivan Vidyasagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Road, Box 103633, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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27
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Liu C, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Zhang SB, Yang S, Zhang A, Yin L, Swarts S, Vidyasagar S, Zhang L, Okunieff P. Synthesis and anticancer potential of novel xanthone derivatives with 3,6-substituted chains. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4263-4271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Gupta M, Lakhina K, Kamath A, Vandana KE, Mukhopadhyay C, Vidyasagar S, Varma M. Colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventilator-associated pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital: an evolving threat. J Hosp Infect 2016; 94:72-3. [PMID: 27238611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Gupta
- Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - K Lakhina
- Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - A Kamath
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - K E Vandana
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - C Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - S Vidyasagar
- Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - M Varma
- Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW, Charkoudian N, Caruso EM, Luippold AJ, Heavens KR, Vidyasagar S. Preliminary Characterization of Enterade® Rehydration Kinetics Following Intra- and Extracellular Dehydration. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000485502.14665.c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Zhang SB, Yang S, Vidyasagar S, Zhang M, Casey-Sawicki K, Liu C, Yin L, Zhang L, Cao Y, Tian Y, Swarts S, Fenton BM, Keng P, Zhang L, Okunieff P. PicoGreen assay of circular DNA for radiation biodosimetry. Radiat Res 2015; 183:188-95. [PMID: 25574588 DOI: 10.1667/rr13556.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We developed a simple, rapid and quantitative assay using the fluorescent probe PicoGreen to measure the concentration of ionizing radiation-induced double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in mouse plasma, and we correlated this concentration with the radiation dose. With 70 μl of blood obtained by fingerstick, this 30 min assay reduces protein interference without extending sample processing time. Plasma from nonirradiated mice (BALB/c and NIH Swiss) was pooled, diluted and spiked with dsDNA to establish sensitivity and reproducibility of the assay to quantify plasma dsDNA. The assay was then used to directly quantify dsDNA in plasma at 0-48 h after mice received 0-10 Gy total-body irradiation (TBI). There are three optimal conditions for this assay: 1:10 dilution of plasma in water; 1:200 dilution of PicoGreen reagent in water; and calibration of radiation-induced dsDNA concentration through a standard addition method using serial spiking of samples with genomic dsDNA. Using the internal standard calibration curve of the spiked samples method, the signal developed within 5 min, exhibiting a linear signal (r(2) = 0.997). The radiation-induced elevation of plasma DNA in mice started at 1-3 h, peaked at 9 h and gradually returned to baseline at 24 h after TBI (6 Gy). DNA levels in plasma collected from mice 9 h after 0-10 Gy TBI correlated strongly with dose (r(2) = 0.991 and 0.947 for BALB/c and NIH Swiss, respectively). Using the PicoGreen assay, we observed a radiation dose-dependent response in extracellular plasma DNA 9 h after irradiation with an assay time ≤ 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Zhang
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida 32610
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Casey-Sawicki K, Zhang M, Kim S, Zhang A, Zhang SB, Zhang Z, Singh R, Yang S, Swarts S, Vidyasagar S, Zhang L, Zhang A, Okunieff P. A basic fibroblast growth factor analog for protection and mitigation against acute radiation syndromes. Health Phys 2014; 106:704-712. [PMID: 24776903 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of fibroblast growth factors and their potential as broad-spectrum agents to treat and mitigate radiation injury have been studied extensively over the past two decades. This report shows that a peptide mimetic of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-P) protects and mitigates against acute radiation syndromes. FGF-P attenuates both sepsis and bleeding in a radiation-induced bone marrow syndrome model and reduces the severity of gastrointestinal and cutaneous syndromes; it should also mitigate combined injuries. FGF-2 and FGF-P induce little or no deleterious inflammation or vascular leakage, which distinguishes them from most other growth factors, angiogenic factors, and cytokines. Although recombinant FGFs have proven safe in several ongoing clinical trials, they are expensive to synthesize, can only be produced in limited quantity, and have limited shelf life. FGF-P mimics the advantageous features of FGF-2 without these disadvantages. This paper shows that FGF-P not only has the potential to be a potent yet safe broad-spectrum medical countermeasure that mitigates acute radiotoxicity but also holds promise for thermal burns, ischemic wound healing, tissue engineering, and stem-cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Casey-Sawicki
- *Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL; †BioPowerTech, 4734 Bluegrass Pkwy, Tuscaloosa, AL 35406; ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; §DiaCarta, LLC, Hayward, CA 94545
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Yin L, Vijaygopal P, Menon R, Vaught LA, Zhang M, Zhang L, Okunieff P, Vidyasagar S. An amino acid mixture mitigates radiation-induced gastrointestinal toxicity. Health Phys 2014; 106:734-744. [PMID: 24776907 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrolyte and nutrient absorption occur in villous epithelial cells. Radiation often results in reduced electrolyte and nutrient absorption, which leads to gastrointestinal toxicity. Therefore, the authors studied: (1) radiation-induced changes in glucose and amino acid absorption across ileal tissues and (2) the effect of amino acid mixtures on absorptive capacity. NIH Swiss mice were irradiated (0, 1, 3, 5, or 7 Gy) using a ¹³⁷Cs source at 0.9 Gy min⁻¹. Transepithelial short circuit current (I(sc)), dilution potential, and isotope flux determinations were made in Ussing chamber studies and correlated to plasma endotoxin and IL-1β levels. Amino acids that increased electrolyte absorption and improved mucosal barrier functions were used to create a mitigating amino acid mixture (MAAM). The MAAM was given to mice via gastric gavage; thereafter, body weight and survival were recorded. A significant decrease in basal and glucose-stimulated sodium absorption occurred after 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 Gy irradiation. Ussing chamber studies showed that paracellular permeability increased following irradiation and that the addition of glucose resulted in a further increase in permeability. Following irradiation, certain amino acids manifested decreased absorption, whereas others were associated with increased absorption. Lysine, aspartic acid, glycine, isoleucine, threonine, tyrosine, valine, tryptophan, and serine decreased plasma endotoxins were selected for the MAAM. Mice treated with the MAAM showed increased electrolyte absorption and decreased paracellular permeability, IL-1β levels, and plasma endotoxin levels. Mice treated with MAAM also had increased weight gain and better survival following irradiation. The MAAM has immediate potential for use in mitigating radiation-induced acute gastrointestinal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Yin
- *Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Road, Box 103633, Gainesville, FL 32610
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Saravu K, Kumar R, Shastry B, Vidyasagar S. Assessment of complications and outcome in Plasmodium vivax, falciparum and their mixed infections. Int J Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Zhang SB, Maguire D, Zhang M, Tian Y, Yang S, Zhang A, Casey-Sawicki K, Han D, Ma J, Yin L, Guo Y, Wang X, Chen C, Litvinchuk A, Zhang Z, Swarts S, Vidyasagar S, Zhang L, Okunieff P. Mitochondrial DNA and functional investigations into the radiosensitivity of four mouse strains. Int J Cell Biol 2014; 2014:850460. [PMID: 24688546 PMCID: PMC3944901 DOI: 10.1155/2014/850460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether genetic radiosensitivity-related changes in mtDNA/nDNA ratios are significant to mitochondrial function and if a material effect on mtDNA content and function exists. BALB/c (radiosensitive), C57BL/6 (radioresistant), and F1 hybrid mouse strains were exposed to total body irradiation. Hepatic genomic DNA was extracted, and mitochondria were isolated. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption, ROS, and calcium-induced mitochondrial swelling were measured. Radiation influenced strain-specific survival in vivo. F1 hybrid survival was influenced by maternal input. Changes in mitochondrial content corresponded to survival in vivo among the 4 strains. Calcium-induced mitochondrial swelling was strain dependent. Isolated mitochondria from BALB/c mice were significantly more sensitive to calcium overload than mitochondria from C57BL/6 mice. Maternal input partially influenced the recovery effect of radiation on calcium-induced mitochondrial swelling in F1 hybrids; the hybrid with a radiosensitive maternal lineage exhibited a lower rate of recovery. Hybrids had a survival rate that was biased toward maternal input. mtDNA content and mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTP) measured in these strains before irradiation reflected a dominant input from the parent. After irradiation, the MPTP opened sooner in radiosensitive and hybrid strains, likely triggering intrinsic apoptotic pathways. These findings have important implications for translation into predictors of radiation sensitivity/resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B. Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, P.O. Box 103633, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - David Maguire
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, P.O. Box 103633, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, P.O. Box 103633, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yeping Tian
- Department of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shanmin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, P.O. Box 103633, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Amy Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, P.O. Box 103633, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Katherine Casey-Sawicki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, P.O. Box 103633, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Deping Han
- First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Henan 45001, China
| | - Liangjie Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, P.O. Box 103633, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yongson Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hospital of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 100044, China
| | - Chun Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Alexandra Litvinchuk
- Institute of Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Gomel, Belarus
| | - Zhenhuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, P.O. Box 103633, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Steven Swarts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, P.O. Box 103633, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sadasivan Vidyasagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, P.O. Box 103633, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, P.O. Box 103633, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Paul Okunieff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, P.O. Box 103633, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Yin L, Vijaygopal P, MacGregor GG, Menon R, Ranganathan P, Prabhakaran S, Zhang L, Zhang M, Binder HJ, Okunieff P, Vidyasagar S. Glucose stimulates calcium-activated chloride secretion in small intestinal cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 306:C687-96. [PMID: 24477233 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00174.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The sodium-coupled glucose transporter-1 (SGLT1)-based oral rehydration solution (ORS) used in the management of acute diarrhea does not substantially reduce stool output, despite the fact that glucose stimulates the absorption of sodium and water. To explain this phenomenon, we investigated the possibility that glucose might also stimulate anion secretion. Transepithelial electrical measurements and isotope flux measurements in Ussing chambers were used to study the effect of glucose on active chloride and fluid secretion in mouse small intestinal cells and human Caco-2 cells. Confocal fluorescence laser microscopy and immunohistochemistry measured intracellular changes in calcium, sodium-glucose linked transporter, and calcium-activated chloride channel (anoctamin 1) expression. In addition to enhancing active sodium absorption, glucose increased intracellular calcium and stimulated electrogenic chloride secretion. Calcium imaging studies showed increased intracellular calcium when intestinal cells were exposed to glucose. Niflumic acid, but not glibenclamide, inhibited glucose-stimulated chloride secretion in mouse small intestines and in Caco-2 cells. Glucose-stimulated chloride secretion was not seen in ileal tissues incubated with the intracellular calcium chelater BAPTA-AM and the sodium-potassium-2 chloride cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) blocker bumetanide. These observations establish that glucose not only stimulates active Na absorption, a well-established phenomenon, but also induces a Ca-activated chloride secretion. This may explain the failure of glucose-based ORS to markedly reduce stool output in acute diarrhea. These results have immediate potential to improve the treatment outcomes for acute and/or chronic diarrheal diseases by replacing glucose with compounds that do not stimulate chloride secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, Gainesville, Florida
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Suryanarayana J, Varma M, Vidyasagar S, Vivek G. Difficult to wean: think of the diaphragm. Case Reports 2014; 2014:bcr-2013-202202. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-202202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Zhang M, Liu C, Zhang Z, Yang S, Zhang B, Yin L, Swarts S, Vidyasagar S, Zhang L, Okunieff P. A new flavonoid regulates angiogenesis and reactive oxygen species production. Adv Exp Med Biol 2014; 812:149-155. [PMID: 24729227 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0620-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor vascular system, which is critical to the survival and growth of solid tumors, has been an attractive target for anticancer research. Building on studies that show that some flavonoids have anticancer vascular effects, we developed and analyzed the flavonoid derivative R24 [3, 6-bis (2-oxiranylmethoxy)-9H-xanthen-9-one]. A CAM assay revealed that R24 disrupted neovascular formation; fewer dendrites were detected and overall dendritic length was shorter in the R24-treated chicken embryos. The antiproliferative effect of R24 was measured by MTT assay in A549 (lung cancer), AsPC-1 (pancreatic cancer), HCT-116 (colorectal cancer), and PC-3 (prostate cancer) cell lines. R24 reduced proliferation with an IC50 of 3.44, 3.59, 1.22, and 11.83 μM, respectively. Cell-cycle analysis and Annexin-V/propidium iodide staining showed that R24 induced apoptosis. In addition, R24 regulated intracellular ROS production in a dose-dependent manner. CM-H2DCFDA staining indicated that intracellular ROS production increased with the R24 dose. In summary, we found that R24 exhibits potent antiangiogenic and antiproliferative effects, induces apoptosis, and promotes ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Cancer/Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Road, Suite 145, 103633, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Chaomei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Cancer/Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Road, Suite 145, 103633, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Zhenhuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Cancer/Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Road, Suite 145, 103633, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Shanmin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Cancer/Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Road, Suite 145, 103633, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Bingrong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Cancer/Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Road, Suite 145, 103633, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Liangjie Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Cancer/Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Road, Suite 145, 103633, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Steven Swarts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Cancer/Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Road, Suite 145, 103633, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sadasivan Vidyasagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Cancer/Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Road, Suite 145, 103633, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Cancer/Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Road, Suite 145, 103633, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Paul Okunieff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Cancer/Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Road, Suite 145, 103633, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Davis F, Vidyasagar S, Maiya A, Kamath A. Dose response relationship between exercise intensity and C Reactive Protein in sedentary individuals. J Sci Med Sport 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhang SB, Maguire D, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Zhang A, Yin L, Zhang L, Huang L, Vidyasagar S, Swarts S, Okunieff P. The murine common deletion: mitochondrial DNA 3,860-bp deletion after irradiation. Radiat Res 2013; 180:407-13. [PMID: 24059680 DOI: 10.1667/rr3373.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that mice, similar to humans, have a common mitochondrial DNA deletion (3,860 bp) that encodes 5 transfer RNA genes and 5 polypeptide genes that is related to aging, tissue type and radiotoxicity. Our research indicates that the deletion ratio in the liver was significantly higher than in the brain and gut tissues of 8-month-old mice, as compared to 8-week-old mice. Our results also demonstrate that tissue type, oxidative metabolic capacity and radiosensitivity influence the 3,860-bp deletion level. Therefore, this 3,860-bp deletion content may serve as a biomarker of aging and oxidative damage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, Gainesville, Florida 32610
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Yin L, Vijaygopal P, Menon R, Zhang A, Zhang M, Huang L, Chen C, Zhang L, Okunieff P, Vidyasagar S. Improving mucosal function mitigates radiation‐induced gastrointestinal toxicity. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.lb795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Yin
- Radiation OncologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | | | - Rajeesh Menon
- Radiation OncologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | - Amy Zhang
- Radiation OncologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | - Mei Zhang
- Radiation OncologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | - Luqiang Huang
- Radiation OncologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | - Chun Chen
- College of PharmacyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Radiation OncologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | - Paul Okunieff
- Radiation OncologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
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42
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Zhang M, Zhang B, Guo Y, Zhang L, Yang S, Yin L, Vidyasagar S, Maguire D, Swarts S, Zhang Z, Zhang A, Zhang L, Okunieff P. Alteration of Circulating Mitochondrial DNA Concentration After Irradiation. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2013; 765:371-377. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4989-8_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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43
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Yin L, Vijaygopal P, Menon R, Zhang A, Zhang M, Huang L, Chen C, Zhang L, Okunieff P, Vidyasagar S. A Potent Amino Acid Mixture to Mitigate Radiation-induced Gastrointestinal Toxicity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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44
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Han D, Zhang M, Ma J, Hong J, Chen C, Zhang B, Huang L, Lv W, Yin L, Zhang A, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Vidyasagar S, Okunieff P, Zhang L. Transition pattern and mechanism of B-lymphocyte precursors in regenerated mouse bone marrow after subtotal body irradiation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46560. [PMID: 23082125 PMCID: PMC3474760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of ionizing radiation on the transition and the related signal transduction of progenitor B cells in the bone marrow. Thus, using an NIH Swiss mouse model, we explored the impact of ionizing radiation on the early stage of B-cell development via an examination of the transition of CLP to pro-B to pre-B cells within bone marrow as a function of radiation doses and times. Our results showed that while the total number of bone marrow lymphoid cells at different stages were greatly reduced by subtotal body irradiation (sub-TBI), the surviving cells continued to transition from common lymphoid progenitors to pro-B and then to pre-B in a reproducible temporal pattern. The rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain increased significantly 1-2 weeks after irradiation, but no change occurred after 3-4 weeks. The rearrangement of the immunoglobulin light chain decreased significantly 1-2 weeks after sub-TBI but increased dramatically after 3-4 weeks. In addition, several key transcription factors and signaling pathways were involved in B-precursor transitions after sub-TBI. The data indicate that week 2 after irradiation is a critical time for the transition from pro-B cells to pre-B cells, reflecting that the functional processes for different B-cell stages are well preserved even after high-dose irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deping Han
- First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- * E-mail: (DH); (LZ)
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Jingshen Hong
- First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chun Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bingrong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Luqiang Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Wenlong Lv
- First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liangjie Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Amy Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hengshan Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenhuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sadasivan Vidyasagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Paul Okunieff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DH); (LZ)
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Prasad S, Varma M, Vidyasagar S. A study of the profile of candidemia in a tertiary care centre in South India. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Chowdary S, Menon A, Varma M, Mukhopadhyay C, Vidyasagar S. A clinco-microbiological profile of carbapenem resistance among nosocomial infections in a tertiary care hospital. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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47
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Yang S, Huang L, Chen C, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Han D, Hong J, Yin L, Zhang B, Zhang A, Vidyasagar S, Okunieff P, Zhang L. Abstract 3849: Triptolide reduces activity of RNA polymerase II. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-3849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Triptolide (TPL) possesses potent anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Our previous study demonstrated that radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice can be significantly reduced by TPL treatment (0.25 mg/kg/every 3 days for 1-3 months via intravenous injection). Treatment was associated with the reduction of a panel of inflammation molecules, as evidenced by a membrane array of 62 inflammatory molecules. We found that TPL has a high level of biointeraction with RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Pol II is a major enzyme complex responsible for the production of mRNA and could explain improved tumor response and reduced normal tissue toxicity. The mRNA of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1α), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), IL-6, and Cox-2 were used as downstream products of Pol II. Alpha-amanitin (a specific inhibitor of Pol II) and actinomycin D (a pan Pol inhibitor) were used as positive controls. The results showed that: 1) Pol II was suppressed as early as 1 hour after TPL was added to cells; 2) TPL (effective at ng/ml levels) is more potent than α-amanitin and actinomycin D (effective at µg/ml levels) at reducing housekeeping genes L32 and S14; 3) the suppression of Pol II by TPL was dose dependent; and 4) TPL inhibited radiation-induced mRNA of IL-1α and TNFα at 3 hours after irradiation and IL-6 and Cox-2 at 8 hours after irradiation. It is unknown whether these early effects of TPL on Pol II impact either tumor response or normal tissue complications.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3849. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3849
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Zhang M, Yin L, Yang S, Hong J, Chen C, Han D, Hou Y, Zhang B, Huang L, Zhang A, Vidyasagar S, Okunieff P, Zhang L. Abstract 5728: The synergistic effect of Cucurbitacin B and radiation treatment. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-5728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cucurbitacin B (CB), a small molecule purified from Trichosanthes kirilowii Maximowicz, possesses a potent antitumor effect. In this study, we investigated the combined effect of CB and ionizing radiation (IR) on aggressive 4T1 breast cancer cells. In a clonogenic assay, different doses of CB (0, 1.7, or 5 nM) and IR (0, 2, 4, or 6 Gy) were applied to 4T1 cells either in a single regimen or in combination. The surviving fraction at 2 Gy was greatly reduced with the increased doses of CB. The results calculated with CompuSyn program indicated that the combination index (CI) was <1 and the dose reducing index (DRI) was >1, suggesting that the combination of CB and IR has a synergistic effect against cancer cells. Our studies of the underlying mechanism revealed that: 1) CB enhanced IR-induced loss of mitochondria potential, as evidenced by a 10-20% increase in the transition of aggregative JC-1 (representing healthy cells) into monomeric JC-1 (representing early apoptotic cells); 2) cell-cycle analysis revealed that although samples treated with CB or 3 Gy alone had 38% or 29% of cells, respectively, in the G2-M phase as compared to 23% of the vehicle control, the combined treatment encouraged 51% of cells to accumulate in the G2-M phase; and 3) the Western blot assay indicated that survival-related molecules (e.g., phosphorylated Stat 3, c-Myc, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL) were downregulated, while apoptosis-related molecules (e.g., caspase-9, p21, and p53) were upregulated in the combined treatment group. The data reveal that the systemic administration of CB will not only stop the spread of micrometastases but also enhance local tumor control, which will result in better treatment outcomes. The clinical value of CB should be further explored.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5728. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5728
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Zhang K, Yin L, Zhang M, Parker MD, Binder HJ, Salzman P, Zhang L, Okunieff P, Vidyasagar S. Radiation decreases murine small intestinal HCO3−secretion. Int J Radiat Biol 2011; 87:878-88. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.583314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Zhang K, Tian Y, Yin L, Zhang M, Beck LA, Zhang B, Okunieff P, Zhang L, Vidyasagar S. Fibroblast growth factor-peptide improves barrier function and proliferation in human keratinocytes after radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 81:248-54. [PMID: 21489707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 08/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidermal keratinocytes, which can be severely damaged after ionizing radiation (IR), are rapid turnover cells that function as a barrier, protecting the host from pathogenic invasion and fluid loss. We tested fibroblast growth factor-peptide (FGF-P), a small peptide derived from the receptor-binding domain of FGF-2, as a potential mitigator of radiation effects via proliferation and the barrier function of keratinocytes. METHODS AND MATERIALS Keratinocytes isolated from neonatal foreskin were grown on transwells. After being exposed to 0, 5, or 10 Gy IR, the cells were treated with a vehicle or FGF-P. The permeability of IR cells was assessed by using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and a paracellular tracer flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) with Ussing chambers. The cell proliferation was measured with yellow tetrazolium salt (MTT) and tritiated thymidine ([3H]-TdR) assays. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) was measured in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA)-like assay, and the proteins related to tight junctions (TJ) and adherens junctions (AJ) were examined with Western blotting. We used a mouse model to assess the ability of FGF-P to promote the healing of skin β burns created with a strontium applicator. RESULTS We found (1) FGF-P reduced the permeability of irradiated keratinocytes, as evidenced by increased TEER and decreased diffusion of FITC-BSA, both associated with the regulation of different proteins and levels of TJ and AJ; and (2) FGF-P enhanced the proliferation of irradiated keratinocytes, as evidenced by increased MTT activity and [3H]-TdR incorporation, which was associated with activation of the ERK pathway; and (3) FGF-P promoted the healing of skin β burns. CONCLUSIONS FGF-P enhances the barrier function, including up-regulation of TJ proteins, increases proliferation of human keratinocytes, and accelerates the healing of skin β burns. FGF-P is a promising mitigator that improves the proliferation and barrier function of keratinocytes after IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunzhong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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