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Shen YX, Lee PS, Teng MC, Huang JH, Wang CC, Fan HF. Influence of Cigarette Aerosol in Alpha-Synuclein Oligomerization and Cell Viability in SH-SY5Y: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1484-1500. [PMID: 38483468 PMCID: PMC10995954 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Although cigarette aerosol exposure is associated with various adverse health issues, its impact on Parkinson's disease (PD) remains elusive. Here, we investigated the effect of cigarette aerosol extract (CAE) on SH-SY5Y cells for the first time, both with and without α-synuclein (α-Syn) overexpression. We found that α-Syn aggravates CAE-induced cell death, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) revealed a dual distribution of α-Syn within the cells, with homogeneous regions indicative of monomeric α-Syn and punctated regions, suggesting the formation of oligomers. Moreover, we observed colocalization of α-Syn oligomers with lysosomes along with a reduction in autophagy activity. These findings suggest that α-Syn overexpression exacerbates CAE-induced intracellular cytotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy dysregulation, leading to elevated cell mortality. Our findings provide new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms linking exposure to cigarette aerosols with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Shen
- Institute
of Medical Science and Technology, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Pe-Shuen Lee
- Institute
of Medical Science and Technology, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chu Teng
- Institute
of Medical Science and Technology, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Hong Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chia C. Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Fang Fan
- Institute
of Medical Science and Technology, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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Olsen A, Locascio J, Tuncali I, Laroussi N, Abatzis E, Kamenskaya P, Kuras Y, Yi T, Videnovic A, Hayes M, Ho G, Paulson J, Khurana V, Herrington T, Hyman B, Selkoe D, Growdon J, Gomperts S, Riise T, Schwarzschild M, Hung A, Wills A, Scherzer C. Health phenome of Parkinson's patients reveals prominent mood-sleep cluster. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3683455. [PMID: 38196602 PMCID: PMC10775372 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3683455/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Associations between phenotypic traits, environmental exposures, and Parkinson's disease have largely been evaluated one-by-one, piecemeal, and pre-selections. A comprehensive picture of comorbidities, phenotypes, exposures, and polypharmacy characterizing the complexity and heterogeneity of real-world patients presenting to academic movement disorders clinics in the US is missing. Objectives To portrait the complexity of features associated with patients with Parkinson's disease in a study of 933 cases and 291 controls enrolled in the Harvard Biomarkers Study. Methods The primary analysis evaluated 64 health features for associations with Parkinson's using logistic regression adjusting for age and sex. We adjusted for multiple testing using the false discovery rate (FDR) with £ 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Exploratory analyses examined feature correlation clusters and feature combinations. Results Depression (OR = 3.11, 95% CI 2.1 to 4.71), anxiety (OR = 3.31, 95% CI 2.01-5.75), sleep apnea (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.47-4.92), and restless leg syndrome (RLS; OR 4.12, 95% CI 1.81-12.1) were significantly more common in patients with Parkinson's than in controls adjusting for age and sex with FDR £ 0.05. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, sleep apnea, and RLS were correlated, and these diseases formed part of a larger cluster of mood traits and sleep traits linked to PD. Exposures to pesticides (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.37-2.6), head trauma (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.51-3.73), and smoking (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.43-0.75) were significantly associated with the disease consistent with previous studies. Vitamin supplementation with cholecalciferol (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.4-3.45) and coenzyme Q10 (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.89-4.92) was more commonly used by patients than controls. Cumulatively, 43% (398 of 933) of Parkinson's patients had at least one psychiatric or sleep disorder, compared to 21% (60 of 291) of healthy controls. Conclusions 43% of Parkinson's patients seen at Harvard-affiliated teaching hospitals have depression, anxiety, and disordered sleep. This syndromic cluster of mood and sleep traits may be pathophysiologically linked and clinically important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Locascio
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tom Yi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | | | | | - Gary Ho
- Brigham and Women's Hospital
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3
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Charbonneau PF, Damier P. Nicotine in Parkinson's Disease - a Therapeutic Track Gone up in Smoke? NEJM EVIDENCE 2023; 2:EVIDe2300167. [PMID: 38320201 DOI: 10.1056/evide2300167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, numerous studies have found that smoking or the intake of any form of nicotine, such as smokeless tobacco, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, or even dietary sources such as peppers, reduces the risk of developing Parkinson's disease.1 Such observations suggest a potential disease-modifying effect of nicotine in Parkinson's disease. Many experimental studies, some of them supported by grants from the tobacco industry, have lent support for such a hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-François Charbonneau
- Nantes University, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, centre d'investigation clinique 1413, neuroscience Parkinson/French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Damier
- Nantes University, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, centre d'investigation clinique 1413, neuroscience Parkinson/French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Nantes, France
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4
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Oertel WH, Müller HH, Unger MM, Schade-Brittinger C, Balthasar K, Articus K, Brinkman M, Venuto CS, Tracik F, Eberling J, Eggert KM, Kamp C, Kieburtz K, Boyd JT. Transdermal Nicotine Treatment and Progression of Early Parkinson's Disease. NEJM EVIDENCE 2023; 2:EVIDoa2200311. [PMID: 38320207 DOI: 10.1056/evidoa2200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies show that smokers have a lower incidence of Parkinson’s disease. Nicotine has been hypothesized to slow progression in early Parkinson’s disease. METHODS: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial, we randomly assigned patients with Parkinson’s disease, diagnosed within 18 months, who were in Hoehn and Yahr disease stage less than or equal to 2 (range from 0 to 5; higher scores indicate greater impairment), who were therapy naïve (except for stable monoamine-oxidase-B inhibition), and not requiring dopaminergic therapy, to transdermal nicotine or placebo. The primary end point was change in Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale parts I–III (Total UPDRS) score (range from 0 to 172; higher scores indicate greater impairment) between baseline and 60 weeks (52 weeks of trial therapy, 8 weeks of washout). The first secondary end point was change in Total UPDRS from baseline to 52 weeks. Differences between groups were estimated using the Hodges–Lehmann (HL) method and tested with the exact two-sided stratified Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test according to the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS: Among 163 participants, 101 were assessed for the primary end point. Mean worsening of Total UPDRS was 3.5 in the placebo versus 6.0 in the nicotine group (HL-difference with 95% CI: –3 [–6 to 0], P=0.06). For the first secondary end point, analysis of 138 participants showed a mean worsening of 5.4 in the placebo versus 9.1 in the nicotine group (HL-difference with 95% CI: –4 [–7 to –1]). Dropout was mainly because of early treatment discontinuation or adverse events. Cutaneous adverse effects at the patch application site were common. In all, 34.6% of participants initiated dopaminergic therapy during participation. CONCLUSIONS: One-year transdermal nicotine treatment did not slow progression in early Parkinson’s disease. (Funded by the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01560754; EudraCT number, 2010-020299-42.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang H Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Institute for Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Center for Environment and Health, Munich, Germany
- Kompetenznetz Parkinson e.V., Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helge Müller
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Coordination Center for Clinical Studies, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcus M Unger
- Department of Neurology, University des Saarlandes, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - C S Venuto
- Department of Neurology, Center for Health and Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | | | | | - Karla M Eggert
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Kompetenznetz Parkinson e.V., Marburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Kamp
- Department of Neurology, Center for Health and Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Karl Kieburtz
- Department of Neurology, Center for Health and Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - James T Boyd
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington
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Fares MB, Alijevic O, Johne S, Overk C, Hashimoto M, Kondylis A, Adame A, Dulize R, Peric D, Nury C, Battey J, Guedj E, Sierro N, Mc Hugh D, Rockenstein E, Kim C, Rissman RA, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC, Masliah E, Mathis C. Nicotine-mediated effects in neuronal and mouse models of synucleinopathy. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1239009. [PMID: 37719154 PMCID: PMC10501483 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1239009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation, transmission, and contribution to neurotoxicity represent central mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease. The plant alkaloid "nicotine" was reported to attenuate α-Syn aggregation in different models, but its precise mode of action remains unclear. Methods In this study, we investigated the effect of 2-week chronic nicotine treatment on α-Syn aggregation, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and motor deficits in D-line α-Syn transgenic mice. We also established a novel humanized neuronal model of α-Syn aggregation and toxicity based on treatment of dopaminergic neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) with α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFF) and applied this model to investigate the effects of nicotine and other compounds and their modes of action. Results and discussion Overall, our results showed that nicotine attenuated α-Syn-provoked neuropathology in both models. Moreover, when investigating the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) signaling in nicotine's neuroprotective effects in iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons, we observed that while α4-specific antagonists reduced the nicotine-induced calcium response, α4 agonists (e.g., AZD1446 and anatabine) mediated similar neuroprotective responses against α-Syn PFF-provoked neurodegeneration. Our results show that nicotine attenuates α-Syn-provoked neuropathology in vivo and in a humanized neuronal model of synucleinopathy and that activation of α4β2 nicotinic receptors might mediate these neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar Alijevic
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Johne
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Cassia Overk
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Anthony Adame
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Remi Dulize
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Dariusz Peric
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Nury
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - James Battey
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Damian Mc Hugh
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Changyoun Kim
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Carole Mathis
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Mittal P, Dhankhar S, Chauhan S, Garg N, Bhattacharya T, Ali M, Chaudhary AA, Rudayni HA, Al-Zharani M, Ahmad W, Khan SUD, Singh TG, Mujwar S. A Review on Natural Antioxidants for Their Role in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:908. [PMID: 37513820 PMCID: PMC10385773 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurodegenerative condition known as Parkinson's disease (PD) is brought on by the depletion of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia, which is the brain region that controls body movement. PD occurs due to many factors, from which one of the acknowledged effects of oxidative stress is pathogenic pathways that play a role in the development of Parkinson's disease. Antioxidants, including flavonoids, vitamins E and C, and polyphenolic substances, help to reduce the oxidative stress brought on by free radicals. Consequently, this lowers the risk of neurodegenerative disorders in the long term. Although there is currently no cure for neurodegenerative illnesses, these conditions can be controlled. The treatment of this disease lessens its symptoms, which helps to preserve the patient's quality of life. Therefore, the use of naturally occurring antioxidants, such as polyphenols, which may be obtained through food or nutritional supplements and have a variety of positive effects, has emerged as an appealing alternative management strategy. This article will examine the extent of knowledge about antioxidants in the treatment of neurodegenerative illnesses, as well as future directions for research. Additionally, an evaluation of the value of antioxidants as neuroprotective agents will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Mittal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
| | - Sanchit Dhankhar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
- Ganpati Institute of Pharmacy, Bilaspur 135102, India
| | - Samrat Chauhan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
| | - Nitika Garg
- Ganpati Institute of Pharmacy, Bilaspur 135102, India
| | - Tanima Bhattacharya
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 260 Kyunghee-daero, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Nondestructive Bio-Sensing Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, BLDG# E10-2, RM# 2213, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Maksood Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Orlean College of Pharmacy, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, 42, Knowledge Park-III, Greater Noida 201308, India
- Department of Pharmacognosy, HIMT College of Pharmacy, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, 8, Institutional Area, Knowledge Park-I, Greater Noida 201301, India
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Ahmad Rudayni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Zharani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah Ud-Din Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Somdutt Mujwar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
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7
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Salehi Z, Motlagh Ghoochani BFN, Hasani Nourian Y, Jamalkandi SA, Ghanei M. The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 19:49. [PMID: 37264452 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-023-00797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke in many diseases, notably COVID-19 infection, are being debated more frequently. The current basic data for COVID-19 is increasing and indicating the higher risk of COVID-19 infections in smokers due to the overexpression of corresponding host receptors to viral entry. However, current multi-national epidemiological reports indicate a lower incidence of COVID-19 disease in smokers. Current data indicates that smokers are more susceptible to some diseases and more protective of some other. Interestingly, nicotine is also reported to play a dual role, being both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory. In the present study, we tried to investigate the effect of pure nicotine on various cells involved in COVID-19 infection. We followed an organ-based systematic approach to decipher the effect of nicotine in damaged organs corresponding to COVID-19 pathogenesis (12 related diseases). Considering that the effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke are different from each other, it is necessary to be careful in generalizing the effects of nicotine and cigarette to each other in the conducted researches. The generalization and the undifferentiation of nicotine from smoke is a significant bias. Moreover, different doses of nicotine stimulate different effects (dose-dependent response). In addition to further assessing the role of nicotine in COVID-19 infection and any other cases, a clever assessment of underlying diseases should also be considered to achieve a guideline for health providers and a personalized approach to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yazdan Hasani Nourian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Yoon SY, Park YH, Lee SC, Suh JH, Yang SN, Kang DR, Kim YW. Association between smoking and all-cause mortality in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:59. [PMID: 37037842 PMCID: PMC10085986 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the association between smoking status and all-cause mortality of Parkinson's disease (PD). Among the whole nationwide population data from Korea National Health Insurance Service, newly diagnosed PD was selected, and all-cause mortality was evaluated. The systematic review was performed through a literature search on the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Among 26,080 individuals with PD, there was no significant association between smoking status and all-cause mortality in a nationwide cohort study (ex-smoker, HR 0.1.03, 95% CI 0.97-1.10; current smoker, HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.96-1.16). The systematic review, including six prospective cohort studies, also found a nonsignificant association. PD smokers tended to have fewer deaths from neurologic causes but were significantly more likely to die from smoking-related cancers such as lung cancer. We presented a nonsignificant association between smoking and mortality of PD, and cigarette smoking is not recommended in individuals with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yeon Yoon
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Hyun Park
- Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Suh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Nam Yang
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Kang
- Department of Precision Medicine & Biostatistics, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Wook Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Olsen AL, Clemens SG, Feany MB. Nicotine-Mediated Rescue of α-Synuclein Toxicity Requires Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2 in Drosophila. Mov Disord 2023; 38:244-255. [PMID: 36416213 PMCID: PMC9974823 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by α-synuclein aggregation and loss of dopamine neurons. Risk of PD arises due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors, which may interact, termed gene-environment (G×E) interactions. An inverse association between smoking and the risk of PD is well established, and a previous genome-wide G×E interaction study identified genetic variation in the synaptic-vesicle glycoprotein 2C (SV2C) locus as an important mediator of the degree to which smoking is inversely associated with PD. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the mechanism of the smoking-SV2C interaction in a Drosophila model of PD. METHODS Flies expressing human α-synuclein in all neurons develop the hallmarks of PD, including motor dysfunction, loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, and formation of α-synuclein inclusions. We assessed the effects of increasing doses of nicotine on these parameters of neurodegeneration, in the presence or absence of knockdown of two Drosophila orthologues of SV2, hereafter referred to as SV2L1 and SV2L2. RESULTS The α-synuclein-expressing flies treated with nicotine had improved locomotion, DA neuron counts, and α-synuclein aggregation. However, in α-synuclein-expressing flies in which SV2L1 and SV2L2 were knocked down, nicotine failed to rescue neurodegeneration. CONCLUSIONS This work confirms a G×E interaction between nicotine and SV2, defines a role for this interaction in α-synuclein proteostasis, and suggests that future clinical trials on nicotine should consider genetic variation in SV2C. Furthermore, this provides proof of concept that our model can be used for the mechanistic study of G×E, paving the way for the investigation of additional G×E interactions or the identification of novel G×E. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby L. Olsen
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Neurology
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
| | | | - Mel B. Feany
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Pathology
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
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10
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Nicotine Has a Therapeutic Window of Effectiveness in a Drosophila melanogaster Model of Parkinson’s Disease. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 2022:9291077. [PMID: 35844833 PMCID: PMC9286976 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9291077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Strong epidemiological evidence and studies in models of Parkinson's disease (PD) suggest that nicotine may be therapeutically beneficial in PD patients. However, a number of clinical trials utilizing nicotine in PD patients have had mixed results, indicating that either nicotine is not beneficial in PD patients, or an important aspect of nicotine therapy was absent. We hypothesized that nicotine must be administered early in the adult fly life in order to have beneficial effects. We show that continuous early nicotine administration improves both climbing and flight deficiencies present in homozygous park25 mutant PD model Drosophila melanogaster. Using a new climbing assay, we identify several climbing deficiencies in this PD model that are improved or rescued by continuous nicotine treatment. Amongst these benefits, it appears that nicotine improves the ability of the park25 flies to descend the climbing vial by being able to climb down more. In support of our hypothesis, we show that in order for nicotine benefits on climbing and flight to happen, nicotine administration must occur in a discrete time frame following adult fly eclosure: within one day for climbing or five days for flight. This therapeutic window of nicotine administration in this PD model fly may help to explain the lack of efficacy of nicotine in human clinical trials.
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11
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Reichmann H, Csoti I, Koschel J, Lorenzl S, Schrader C, Winkler J, Wüllner U. Life style and Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:1235-1245. [PMID: 35606622 PMCID: PMC9463300 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The question whether life style may impair the advent or course of the disease in patients with Parkinsonism is of great importance for patients and physicians alike. We present here comprehensive information on the influence of the environment, diet (especially caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, chocolate and dairy products), physical activity and sleep on risk and course of Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Reichmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ilona Csoti
- Fachklinik für Parkinson, Gertrudis Klinik Biskirchen, Karl-Ferdinand-Broll-Straße 2-4, 35638, Leun-Biskirchen, Germany
| | - Jiri Koschel
- Parkinson-Klinik, Ortenau GmbH & Co. KG, Kreuzbergstraße 12-16, 77709, Wolfach, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorenzl
- Neurologie und Palliative Care, Krankenhaus Agatharied, Norbert-Kerkel-Platz, 83734, Hausham, Germany
| | - Christoph Schrader
- Neurologische Klinik mit Klinischer Neurophysiologie OE 7210, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Juergen Winkler
- Zentrum für Bewegungserkrankungen, Molekulare Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Bonn and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
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12
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Ritz BR, Kusters CDJ. The Promise of Mendelian Randomization in Parkinson's Disease: Has the Smoke Cleared Yet for Smoking and Parkinson's Disease Risk? JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:807-812. [PMID: 35213390 PMCID: PMC10564582 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This commentary discusses the strengths and limitations of utilizing the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach in Parkinson's disease (PD) studies. Epidemiologists proposed to employ MR when genetic instruments are available that represent reliable proxies for modifiable lifelong exposures which elude easy measurement in studies of late onset diseases like PD. Here, we are using smoking as an example. The great promise of the MR approach is its resilience to confounding and reverse causation. Nevertheless, the approach has some drawbacks such as being liable to selection- and survival-bias, it makes some strong assumptions about the genetic instruments employed, and requires very large sample sizes. When interpreted carefully and put into the context of other studies that take both genetics and the environment into consideration, MR studies help us to not only ask interesting questions but also can support causal inference and provide novel insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate R. Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia DJ Kusters
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Domenighetti C, Sugier PE, Sreelatha AAK, Schulte C, Grover S, Mohamed O, Portugal B, May P, Bobbili DR, Radivojkov-Blagojevic M, Lichtner P, Singleton AB, Hernandez DG, Edsall C, Mellick GD, Zimprich A, Pirker W, Rogaeva E, Lang AE, Koks S, Taba P, Lesage S, Brice A, Corvol JC, Chartier-Harlin MC, Mutez E, Brockmann K, Deutschländer AB, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Dardiotis E, Stefanis L, Simitsi AM, Valente EM, Petrucci S, Duga S, Straniero L, Zecchinelli A, Pezzoli G, Brighina L, Ferrarese C, Annesi G, Quattrone A, Gagliardi M, Matsuo H, Kawamura Y, Hattori N, Nishioka K, Chung SJ, Kim YJ, Kolber P, van de Warrenburg BP, Bloem BR, Aasly J, Toft M, Pihlstrøm L, Guedes LC, Ferreira JJ, Bardien S, Carr J, Tolosa E, Ezquerra M, Pastor P, Diez-Fairen M, Wirdefeldt K, Pedersen NL, Ran C, Belin AC, Puschmann A, Hellberg C, Clarke CE, Morrison KE, Tan M, Krainc D, Burbulla LF, Farrer MJ, Krüger R, Gasser T, Sharma M, Elbaz A. Mendelian Randomisation Study of Smoking, Alcohol, and Coffee Drinking in Relation to Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 12:267-282. [PMID: 34633332 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that lifestyle behaviors (cigarette smoking, alcohol, coffee) are inversely associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). The prodromal phase of PD raises the possibility that these associations may be explained by reverse causation. OBJECTIVE To examine associations of lifestyle behaviors with PD using two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) and the potential for survival and incidence-prevalence biases. METHODS We used summary statistics from publicly available studies to estimate the association of genetic polymorphisms with lifestyle behaviors, and from Courage-PD (7,369 cases, 7,018 controls; European ancestry) to estimate the association of these variants with PD. We used the inverse-variance weighted method to compute odds ratios (ORIVW) of PD and 95%confidence intervals (CI). Significance was determined using a Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold (p = 0.017). RESULTS We found a significant inverse association between smoking initiation and PD (ORIVW per 1-SD increase in the prevalence of ever smoking = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.60-0.93, p = 0.009) without significant directional pleiotropy. Associations in participants ≤67 years old and cases with disease duration ≤7 years were of a similar size. No significant associations were observed for alcohol and coffee drinking. In reverse MR, genetic liability toward PD was not associated with smoking or coffee drinking but was positively associated with alcohol drinking. CONCLUSION Our findings are in favor of an inverse association between smoking and PD that is not explained by reverse causation, confounding, and survival or incidence-prevalence biases. Genetic liability toward PD was positively associated with alcohol drinking. Conclusions on the association of alcohol and coffee drinking with PD are hampered by insufficient statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé Domenighetti
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health", CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Sugier
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health", CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Ashwin Ashok Kumar Sreelatha
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tubingen, Germany
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany
| | - Océane Mohamed
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health", CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Berta Portugal
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health", CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Patrick May
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Dheeraj R Bobbili
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg.,MeGeno S.A, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Center For Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Connor Edsall
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George D Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sulev Koks
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Pille Taba
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Estonia.,Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurologie, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurologie, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurologie, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | | | - Eugénie Mutez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LilNCog- Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tubingen, Germany
| | - Angela B Deutschländer
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Georges M Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Efthimos Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Center of Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Maria Simitsi
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Petrucci
- UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics, S. Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Straniero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Zecchinelli
- Parkinson Institute, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Parkinson Institute, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Brighina
- Department of Neurology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- Department of Neurology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Grazia Annesi
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Quattrone
- Institute of Neurology, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Monica Gagliardi
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Hirotaka Matsuo
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawamura
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Nishioka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pierre Kolber
- Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Bart Pc van de Warrenburg
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Aasly
- Department of Neurology, St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mathias Toft
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lasse Pihlstrøm
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leonor Correia Guedes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim J Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Carr
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Ezquerra
- Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia
| | - Pau Pastor
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.,Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.,Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karin Wirdefeldt
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Ran
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea C Belin
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Puschmann
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Clara Hellberg
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl E Clarke
- University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - Karen E Morrison
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queens University, Belfast, UK
| | - Manuela Tan
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lena F Burbulla
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matt J Farrer
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg.,Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Parkinson's Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tubingen, Germany
| | - Manu Sharma
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany.,Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, Germany
| | - Alexis Elbaz
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health", CESP, Villejuif, France
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14
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Neshige S, Ohshita T, Neshige R, Maruyama H. Influence of current and previous smoking on current phenotype in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 2021; 427:117534. [PMID: 34130061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although an inverse correlation between smoking and Parkinson's disease (PD) has been reported, research into the effect of smoking on current clinical progression remains limited for PD patients. Elucidation of a specific PD population who would benefit from smoking is challenging. METHODS We evaluated 110 consecutive PD patients (mean age; 71.0 ± 8.0 years) at a single neurology clinic between 2010 and 2018. The association with smoking status was evaluated in sex- and age-matched controls (non-PD). This study assessed the impact of previous smoking exposure on the outcome of current PD-related parameters, along with any confounders, in addition to assessing fluctuation of parkinsonism induced by smoking exposure. RESULTS The current smoking rate was significantly lower in PD versus non-PD (5.5% vs. 15.5%, P = 0.026), while there were similar rates between former and never smokers. Among the former smokers, most PD patients (97.3%) quit smoking prior to the onset of PD. There were no differences between PD patients with and without a history of smoking for current clinical parameters. Three PD patients with the mean onset age of 51.0 ± 5.3 y reported transient deterioration of their parkinsonism when smoking. Negative mood during cigarette smoke exposure was significantly increased over the entire life in PD patients with a history of smoking than those without (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although previous smoking history reportedly had a neuroprotective effect prior to onset, the association between the previous history and current phenotype in PD was not visible in the present study. However, the possibility that current nicotine intake might modify the parkinsonism deterioration will need to be further evaluated, especially in non-elderly patients. Cigarette smoke-related negative mood could be a confounder for quitting smoking in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichiro Neshige
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan; Medical Corporation, Neshige Neurology Clinic, Kurume, Japan; Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Tomohiko Ohshita
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryuji Neshige
- Medical Corporation, Neshige Neurology Clinic, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
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15
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Dautzenberg B, Levi A, Adler M, Gaillard R. Transdermal nicotine in non-smokers: A systematic review to design COVID-19 clinical trials. Respir Med Res 2021; 80:100844. [PMID: 34153704 PMCID: PMC8183099 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2021.100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent data show an interaction between COVID-19 and nicotine and indicate the need for an assessment of transdermal nicotine use in non-smokers. Assessments have been conducted into the short-term cognitive effects of nicotine and into diseases such as Parkinson's, Tourette syndrome, ADHD or ulcerative colitis. METHODS Analyses of nicotine administration protocols and safety were conducted after reviewing Medline and Science Direct databases performing a search using the words [transdermal nicotine] AND [non-smoker] AND selected diseases. RESULTS Among 298 articles identified, there were 35 reviewed publications reporting on 33 studies of non-smokers receiving transdermal nicotine for >48hours. In the 16 randomized trials, 7 crossover, 1 case/control and 9 open studies patients received an initial nicotine dose of between 2.5mg and 15mg/day. In 22 studies, daily doses increased by 2 to 7 steps in 3 to 96 days until the dose was between 5mg and 105mg/day. The target nicotine dose was 19.06±20.89mg/day. The 987 non-smokers (534 never-smokers, 326 ex-smokers and 127 classified as "non-smokers") received or did not receive nicotine. The most common side-effects were nausea and skin itching. Forty-three (7.1%) non-smokers stopped treatment because of an adverse event of nicotine. No hospitalization related to nicotine side-effects were reported. CONCLUSION Despite a relatively safe tolerance profile, transdermal nicotine therapy in non-smokers can only be used in clinical trials. There is a lack of formal assessment of the potential risk of developing a tobacco addiction. This review offers baseline data to set a transdermal nicotine protocol for non-smokers with a new purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dautzenberg
- APHP Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; Institut Arthur Vernes, Smoking Cessation Unit, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - A Levi
- Department of Psychiatry, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, 75014 Paris, France
| | - M Adler
- Smoking Cessation Unit, Hôpital Antoine, Béclère APHP, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - R Gaillard
- Department of Psychiatry, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; Unité de Neuropathologie expérimentale, Département Santé Globale, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
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16
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Novel Pharmacotherapies in Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1381-1390. [PMID: 34003454 PMCID: PMC8129607 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), an age-related progressive neurodegenerative condition, is associated with loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), which results in motor deficits characterized by the following: akinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability, as well as nonmotor symptoms such as emotional changes, particularly depression, cognitive impairment, gastrointestinal, and autonomic dysfunction. The most common treatment for PD is focused on dopamine (DA) replacement (e.g., levodopa = L-Dopa), which unfortunately losses its efficacy over months or years and can induce severe dyskinesia. Hence, more efficacious interventions without such adverse effects are urgently needed. In this review, following a general description of PD, potential novel therapeutic interventions for this devastating disease are examined. Specifically, the focus is on nicotine and nicotinic cholinergic system, as well as butyrate, a short chain fatty acid (SCFA), and fatty acid receptors.
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17
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Zarate SM, Pandey G, Chilukuri S, Garcia JA, Cude B, Storey S, Salem NA, Bancroft EA, Hook M, Srinivasan R. Cytisine is neuroprotective in female but not male 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned parkinsonian mice and acts in combination with 17-β-estradiol to inhibit apoptotic endoplasmic reticulum stress in dopaminergic neurons. J Neurochem 2021; 157:710-726. [PMID: 33354763 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a major mechanism for dopaminergic (DA) loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). We assessed if low doses of the partial α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, cytisine attenuates apoptotic ER stress and exerts neuroprotection in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) DA neurons. Alternate day intraperitoneal injections of 0.2 mg/kg cytisine were administered to female and male mice with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions in the dorsolateral striatum, which caused unilateral degeneration of SNc DA neurons. Cytisine attenuated 6-OHDA-induced PD-related behaviors in female, but not in male mice. We also found significant reductions in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) loss within the lesioned SNc of female, but not male mice. In contrast to female mice, DA neurons within the lesioned SNc of male mice showed a cytisine-induced pathological increase in the nuclear translocation of the pro-apoptotic ER stress protein, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). To assess the role of estrogen in cytisine neuroprotection in female mice, we exposed primary mouse DA cultures to either 10 nM 17-β-estradiol and 200 nM cytisine or 10 nM 17-β-estradiol alone. 17-β-estradiol reduced expression of CHOP, whereas cytisine exposure reduced 6-OHDA-mediated nuclear translocation of two other ER stress proteins, activating transcription factor 6 and x-box-binding protein 1, but not CHOP. Taken together, these data show that cytisine and 17-β-estradiol work in combination to inhibit all three arms (activating transcription factor 6, x-box-binding protein 1, and CHOP) of apoptotic ER stress signaling in DA neurons, which can explain the neuroprotective effect of low-dose cytisine in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Zarate
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Gauri Pandey
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Sunanda Chilukuri
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Jose A Garcia
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Brittany Cude
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Shannon Storey
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Nihal A Salem
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA.,Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience (TAMIN), College Station, TX, USA
| | - Eric A Bancroft
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Hook
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA.,Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience (TAMIN), College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rahul Srinivasan
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA.,Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience (TAMIN), College Station, TX, USA
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18
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Heilbron K, Jensen MP, Bandres-Ciga S, Fontanillas P, Blauwendraat C, Nalls MA, Singleton AB, Smith GD, Cannon P, Noyce AJ. Unhealthy Behaviours and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Mendelian Randomisation Study. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2021; 11:1981-1993. [PMID: 34275906 PMCID: PMC8609708 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking and alcohol intake have been identified in observational studies as potentially protective factors against developing Parkinson's disease (PD); the impact of body mass index (BMI) on PD risk is debated. Whether such epidemiological associations are causal remains unclear. Mendelian randomsation (MR) uses genetic variants to explore the effects of exposures on outcomes; potentially reducing bias from residual confounding and reverse causation. OBJECTIVE Using MR, we examined relationships between PD risk and three unhealthy behaviours: tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, and higher BMI. METHODS 19,924 PD cases and 2,413,087 controls were included in the analysis. We performed genome-wide association studies to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, and BMI. MR analysis of the relationship between each exposure and PD was undertaken using a split-sample design. RESULTS Ever-smoking reduced the risk of PD (OR 0.955; 95%confidence interval [CI] 0.921-0.991; p = 0.013). Higher daily alcohol intake increased the risk of PD (OR 1.125, 95%CI 1.025-1.235; p = 0.013) and a 1 kg/m2 higher BMI reduced the risk of PD (OR 0.988, 95%CI 0.979-0.997; p = 0.008). Sensitivity analyses did not suggest bias from horizontal pleiotropy or invalid instruments. CONCLUSION Using split-sample MR in over 2.4 million participants, we observed a protective effect of smoking on risk of PD. In contrast to observational data, alcohol consumption appeared to increase the risk of PD. Higher BMI had a protective effect on PD, but the effect was small.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie P. Jensen
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Northwest London Pathology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mike A. Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Andrew B. Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, UK
| | | | - Alastair J. Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - The 23andMe Research Team
- 23andMe, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Northwest London Pathology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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19
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Zeng Z, Roussakis AA, Lao-Kaim NP, Piccini P. Astrocytes in Parkinson's disease: from preclinical assays to in vivo imaging and therapeutic probes. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 95:264-270. [PMID: 32905922 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasingly thought to be associated with glial pathology. Recently, research in neurodegenerative disorders has applied a greater focus to better understanding the role of astrocytes in the disease pathophysiology. In this article, we review results from the latest preclinical and clinical work, including functional imaging studies on astrocytes in PD and highlight key molecules that may prove valuable as biomarkers. We discuss how astrocytes may contribute to the initiation and progression of PD. We additionally present trials of investigational medicinal products and the current background for the design of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zeng
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Neurology Imaging Unit, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Nicholas P Lao-Kaim
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Neurology Imaging Unit, London, UK
| | - Paola Piccini
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Neurology Imaging Unit, London, UK.
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20
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DiFrancisco-Donoghue J, Jung MK, Leder A. Nicotine Gum as a Therapeutic Approach for Low Blood Pressure in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Pilot Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 21:253-256. [PMID: 29228369 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction One cause for low blood pressure (BP) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is denervation of the sympathetic nervous system and reduced levels of norepinephrine. Nicotine increases heart rate and BP acutely by causing sympathetic stimulation. The absorption rate of nicotine gum is relatively quick and absorbed at a constant rate. Our objective was to evaluate how nicotine gum affects acute low BP in PD. Methods Ten subjects (age 69.3 ± 8.8) completed this double blind, placebo controlled, cross-over design trial using nicotine gum (4 mg) and placebo gum on two separate days. The gum was administered for 30 min. BP was recorded every 10 min for 90 min. Results On the nicotine gum treatment day, the baseline systolic BP was 94.8 (standard deviation [SD] = 4.4), and it increased in a parabolic pattern to be 115.8 (SD = 11.2) in 20 min, 124.2 (SD = 9.3) in 40 min, and 133.2 (SD = 13.1) in 60 min reaching the highest value, and then decreased to be 121.6 (SD = 10.4) in 90 min. On the placebo day, the baseline systolic BP 95.2 (SD = 3.0) didn't show an outstanding change with the mean systolic BP values from 93.0 to 95.7 (SD from 2.1 to 3.7) at all time points. Conclusions Our data suggests that 4 mg of nicotine gum can increase systolic BP within 10 min of administration. It is strongly warranted that further research should pursue the use of nicotine gum as an intervention to treat acute episodes of low BP in individuals with PD. Implications More than 50% of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have low blood pressure (BP) that fluctuates throughout the day and decreases quality of life. This study found an increase in systolic blood pressure within 10 min of administering nicotine gum to Parkinson's subjects with low BP. Their BP remained elevated for 90 min. Nicotine gum gets absorbed rapidly and may act as a therapeutic novel approach to individuals whose daily lives are interrupted with low BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne DiFrancisco-Donoghue
- Department of Osteopathic Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY.,Adele Smithers Parkinson's Disease Treatment Center, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY
| | - Min-Kyung Jung
- Department of Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY
| | - Adena Leder
- Department of Osteopathic Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY.,Adele Smithers Parkinson's Disease Treatment Center, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY
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21
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Quik M, Boyd JT, Bordia T, Perez X. Potential Therapeutic Application for Nicotinic Receptor Drugs in Movement Disorders. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 21:357-369. [PMID: 30137517 PMCID: PMC6379038 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging studies indicate that striatal cholinergic interneurons play an important role in synaptic plasticity and motor control under normal physiological conditions, while their disruption may lead to movement disorders. Here we discuss the involvement of the cholinergic system in motor dysfunction, with a focus on the role of the nicotinic cholinergic system in Parkinson's disease and drug-induced dyskinesias. Evidence for a role for the striatal nicotinic cholinergic system stems from studies showing that administration of nicotine or nicotinic receptor drugs protects against nigrostriatal degeneration and decreases L-dopa-induced dyskinesias. In addition, nicotinic receptor drugs may ameliorate tardive dyskinesia, Tourette's syndrome and ataxia, although further study is required to understand their full potential in the treatment of these disorders. A role for the striatal muscarinic cholinergic system in movement disorders stems from studies showing that muscarinic receptor drugs acutely improve Parkinson's disease motor symptoms, and may reduce dyskinesias and dystonia. Selective stimulation or lesioning of striatal cholinergic interneurons suggests they are primary players in this regulation, although multiple central nervous systems appear to be involved. IMPLICATIONS Accumulating data from preclinical studies and clinical trials suggest that drugs targeting CNS cholinergic systems may be useful for symptomatic treatment of movement disorders. Nicotinic cholinergic drugs, including nicotine and selective nAChR receptor agonists, reduce L-dopa-induced dyskinesias, as well as antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia, and may be useful in Tourette's syndrome and ataxia. Subtype selective muscarinic cholinergic drugs may also provide effective therapies for Parkinson's disease, dyskinesias and dystonia. Continued studies/trials will help address this important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryka Quik
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
| | - James T Boyd
- University of Vermont Medical Center Neurology, Burlington, VT
| | - Tanuja Bordia
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
| | - Xiomara Perez
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
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22
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Fox SH, Brotchie JM. Viewpoint: Developing drugs for levodopa-induced dyskinesia in PD: Lessons learnt, what does the future hold? Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:399-409. [PMID: 30269407 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The drive to develop drugs to treat PD starts and ends with the patient. Herein, we discuss how the experience with drug development for LID has led the field in translational studies in PD with advancing ground-breaking science via rigorous clinical trial design, to deliver clinical proof-of-concepts across multiple therapeutic targets. However, issues remain in advancing drugs efficacious preclinically to the clinic, and future studies need to learn from past successes and failures. Such lessons include implementing better early indicators of tolerability, for instance evaluating non-motor symptoms in preclinical models; improving patient-related outcome measures in clinical trials, as well as considering the unique nature of dyskinesia in an individual patient. The field of translational studies needs to become more patient focused to improve successful outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan H Fox
- The Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Brotchie
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Atuka Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Subramaniam SR, Magen I, Bove N, Zhu C, Lemesre V, Dutta G, Elias CJ, Lester HA, Chesselet MF. Chronic nicotine improves cognitive and social impairment in mice overexpressing wild type α-synuclein. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 117:170-180. [PMID: 29859873 PMCID: PMC6051902 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to dopaminergic and motor deficits, patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from non-motor symptoms, including early cognitive and social impairment, that do not respond well to dopaminergic therapy. Cholinergic deficits may contribute to these problems, but cholinesterase inhibitors have limited efficacy. Mice over-expressing α-synuclein, a protein critically associated with PD, show deficits in cognitive and social interaction tests, as well as a decrease in cortical acetylcholine. We have evaluated the effects of chronic administration of nicotine in mice over-expressing wild type human α-synuclein under the Thy1-promoter (Thy1-aSyn mice). Nicotine was administered subcutaneously by osmotic minipump for 6 months from 2 to 8 months of age at 0.4 mg/kg/h and 2.0 mg/kg/h. The higher dose was toxic in the Thy1-aSyn mice, but the low dose was well tolerated and both doses ameliorated cognitive impairment in Y-maze performance after 5 months of treatment. In a separate cohort of Thy1-aSyn mice, nicotine was administered at the lower dose for one month beginning at 5 months of age. This treatment partially eliminated the cognitive deficit in novel object recognition and social impairment. In contrast, chronic nicotine did not improve motor deficits after 2, 4 or 6 months of treatment, nor modified α-synuclein aggregation, tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining, synaptic and dendritic markers, or microglial activation in Thy1-aSyn mice. These results suggest that cognitive and social impairment in synucleinopathies like PD may result from deficits in cholinergic neurotransmission and may benefit from chronic administration of nicotinic agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar R Subramaniam
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Iddo Magen
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Bove
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chunni Zhu
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Lemesre
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Garima Dutta
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chris Jean Elias
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Henry A Lester
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Marie-Francoise Chesselet
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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24
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Conti MM, Chambers N, Bishop C. A new outlook on cholinergic interneurons in Parkinson's disease and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 92:67-82. [PMID: 29782883 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) striatal systems were considered antagonistic and imbalances or aberrant signaling between these neurotransmitter systems could be detrimental to basal ganglia activity and pursuant motor function, such as in Parkinson's disease (PD) and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Herein, we discuss the involvement of cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) in striatally-mediated movement in a healthy, parkinsonian, and dyskinetic state. ChIs integrate numerous neurotransmitter signals using intrinsic glutamate, serotonin, and DA receptors and convey the appropriate transmission onto nearby muscarinic and nicotinic ACh receptors to produce movement. In PD, severe DA depletion causes abnormal rises in ChI activity which promote striatal signaling to attenuate normal movement. When treating PD with L-DOPA, hyperkinetic side effects, or LID, develop due to increased striatal DA; however, the role of ChIs and ACh transmission, until recently has been unclear. Fortunately, new technology and pharmacological agents have facilitated understanding of ChI function and ACh signaling in the context of LID, thus offering new opportunities to modify existing and discover future therapeutic strategies in movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Conti
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Nicole Chambers
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
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25
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Veyres N, Hamadjida A, Huot P. Predictive Value of Parkinsonian Primates in Pharmacologic Studies: A Comparison between the Macaque, Marmoset, and Squirrel Monkey. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.247171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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26
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Villafane G, Thiriez C, Audureau E, Straczek C, Kerschen P, Cormier-Dequaire F, Van Der Gucht A, Gurruchaga JM, Quéré-Carne M, Evangelista E, Paul M, Defer G, Damier P, Remy P, Itti E, Fénelon G. High-dose transdermal nicotine in Parkinson's disease patients: a randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint evaluation phase 2 study. Eur J Neurol 2017; 25:120-127. [PMID: 28960663 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Studies of the effects of nicotine on motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) brought out discordant results. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high doses of transdermal nicotine on motor symptoms in PD. METHODS Forty PD patients were randomly assigned to a treated and untreated arm in an open-label study. Treated patients received increasing doses of nicotine to reach 90 mg/day by 11 weeks. This dosage was maintained for 28 weeks (W39) and then reduced over 6 weeks. Final evaluation was performed 6 weeks after washout. The main outcome measure was the OFF-DOPA Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score measured on video recordings by raters blinded to the medication status of the patients. RESULTS There was no significant difference in OFF-DOPA UPDRS motor scores between the nicotine-treated and non-treated groups, neither at W39 (19.4 ± 9.3 vs. 21.5 ± 14.2) nor considering W39 differences from baseline (-1.5 ± 12.1 vs. +0.9 ± 12.1). The 39-item Parkinson's disease questionnaire scores decreased in nicotine-treated patients and increased in non-treated patients, but the difference was not significant. Overall tolerability was acceptable, and 12/20 treated patients reached the maximal dosage. CONCLUSIONS High doses of transdermal nicotine were tolerated, but our study failed to demonstrate significant improvement in UPDRS motor scores. Improvement in unblinded secondary outcomes (UPDRS-II, UPDRS-IV, doses of l-DOPA equivalents) suggest a possible benefit for patients treated with nicotine, which should be confirmed in larger double blind, placebo-controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Villafane
- Department of Neurology, APHP, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - C Thiriez
- Department of Neurology, APHP, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,Centre Expert Parkinson Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - E Audureau
- Department of Public Health, APHP, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,CEpiA EA7376, UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - C Straczek
- Clinical Research Unit, APHP, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,Pharmacy Department, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - P Kerschen
- Department of Neurology, APHP, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | | | - A Van Der Gucht
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, APHP, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - J-M Gurruchaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, APHP, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,Equipe 14, Inserm U955, Créteil, France
| | - M Quéré-Carne
- Clinical Research Unit, APHP, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - E Evangelista
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, APHP, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - M Paul
- Pharmacy Department, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - G Defer
- Neurology, CHU Caen, Caen, France.,INSERM U919 GIP Cyceron, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - P Damier
- CIC 004, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - P Remy
- Department of Neurology, APHP, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,Centre Expert Parkinson Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,MIRCen, CEA/DSV and NeuRATRIS, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - E Itti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, APHP, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - G Fénelon
- Department of Neurology, APHP, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,Centre Expert Parkinson Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Inserm U955, Equipe E01 Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle, Créteil, France
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27
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Ma C, Liu Y, Neumann S, Gao X. Nicotine from cigarette smoking and diet and Parkinson disease: a review. Transl Neurodegener 2017; 6:18. [PMID: 28680589 PMCID: PMC5494127 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-017-0090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from epidemiological studies suggest a relationship between cigarette smoking and low risk of Parkinson disease (PD). As a major component of tobacco smoke, nicotine has been proposed to be a substance for preventing against PD risk, with a key role in regulating striatal activity and behaviors mediated through the dopaminergic system. Animal studies also showed that nicotine could modulate dopamine transmission and reduce levodopa-induced dyskinesias. However, previous clinical trials yield controversial results regarding nicotine treatment. In this review, we updated epidemiological, preclinical and clinical data, and studies on nicotine from diet. We also reviewed interactions between genetic factors and cigarette smoking. As a small amount of nicotine can saturate a substantial portion of nicotine receptors in the brain, nicotine from other sources, such as diet, could be a promising therapeutic substance for protection against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Ma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, University Park, PA USA
| | - Yesong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Samantha Neumann
- Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, University Park, PA USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, University Park, PA USA
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28
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Chronic Nicotine Mitigates Aberrant Inhibitory Motor Learning Induced by Motor Experience under Dopamine Deficiency. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5228-40. [PMID: 27170121 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2754-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although dopamine receptor antagonism has long been associated with impairments in motor performance, more recent studies have shown that dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) antagonism, paired with a motor task, not only impairs motor performance concomitant with the pharmacodynamics of the drug, but also impairs future motor performance once antagonism has been relieved. We have termed this phenomenon "aberrant motor learning" and have suggested that it may contribute to motor symptoms in movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we show that chronic nicotine (cNIC), but not acute nicotine, treatment mitigates the acquisition of D2R-antagonist-induced aberrant motor learning in mice. Although cNIC mitigates D2R-mediated aberrant motor learning, cNIC has no effect on D1R-mediated motor learning. β2-containing nicotinic receptors in dopamine neurons likely mediate the protective effect of cNIC against aberrant motor learning, because selective deletion of β2 nicotinic subunits in dopamine neurons reduced D2R-mediated aberrant motor learning. Finally, both cNIC treatment and β2 subunit deletion blunted postsynaptic responses to D2R antagonism. These results suggest that a chronic decrease in function or a downregulation of β2-containing nicotinic receptors protects the striatal network against aberrant plasticity and aberrant motor learning induced by motor experience under dopamine deficiency. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Increasingly, aberrant plasticity and aberrant learning are recognized as contributing to the development and progression of movement disorders. Here, we show that chronic nicotine (cNIC) treatment or specific deletion of β2 nicotinic receptor subunits in dopamine neurons mitigates aberrant motor learning induced by dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) blockade in mice. Moreover, both manipulations also reduced striatal dopamine release and blunt postsynaptic responses to D2R antagonists. These results suggest that chronic downregulation of function and/or receptor expression of β2-containing nicotinic receptors alters presynaptic and postsynaptic striatal signaling to protect against aberrant motor learning. Moreover, these results suggest that cNIC treatment may alleviate motor symptoms and/or delay the deterioration of motor function in movement disorders by blocking aberrant motor learning.
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29
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Hurtado F, Cardenas MAN, Cardenas F, León LA. La Enfermedad de Parkinson: Etiología, Tratamientos y Factores Preventivos. UNIVERSITAS PSYCHOLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.11144/javeriana.upsy15-5.epet] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es la patología neurodegenerativa motora con mayor incidencia a nivel mundial. Esta afecta a aproximadamente 2-3% de la población mayor a 60 años de edad y sus causas aún no han sido bien determinadas. Actualmente no existe cura para esta patología; sin embargo, es posible contar con diferentes tratamientos que permiten aliviar algunos de sus síntomas y enlentecer su curso. Estos tratamientos tienen como premisa contrarrestar los efectos ocasionados por la pérdida de la función dopaminérgica de la sustancia nigra (SN) sobre estructuras como el núcleo subtálamico (NST) o globo pálido interno (GPi) ya sea por medio de tratamientos farmacológicos, estimulación cerebral profunda (ECP) o con el implante celular. Existen también investigaciones que están dirigiendo su interés al desarrollo de fármacos con potencial terapéutico, que presenten alta especificidad a receptores colinérgicos de nicotina (nAChRs) y antagonistas de receptores de adenosina, específicamente del subtipo A2A. Estos últimos, juegan un papel importante en el control de liberación dopaminérgica y en los procesos de neuroprotección. En esta revisión se pretende ofrecer una panorámica actual sobre algunos de los factores de riesgo asociados a EP, algunos de los tratamientos actuales más utilizados y acerca del rol de sustancias potencialmente útiles en la prevención de esta enfermedad.
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Foucault-Fruchard L, Doméné A, Page G, Windsor M, Emond P, Rodrigues N, Dollé F, Damont A, Buron F, Routier S, Chalon S, Antier D. Neuroprotective effect of the alpha 7 nicotinic receptor agonist PHA 543613 in an in vivo excitotoxic adult rat model. Neuroscience 2017; 356:52-63. [PMID: 28527955 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key component of the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. The link between nicotine intake and positive outcome has been established, suggesting a role played by nicotinic receptors (nAChRs), especially α7nAChRs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential dose effects of PHA 543613 on neuron survival and striatal microglial activation in a rat model of brain excitotoxicity. A preliminary study was performed in vitro to confirm PHA 543613 agonist properties on α7nAChRs. Rats were lesioned in the right striatum with quinolinic acid (QA) and received either vehicle or PHA 543613 at 6 or 12mg/kg twice a day until sacrifice at Day 4 post-lesion. We first compared the translocator protein quantitative autoradiography in QA-lesioned brains with [3H]DPA-714 and [3H]PK-11195. The effects of PHA 543613 on microglial activation and neuronal survival were then evaluated through [3H]DPA-714 binding and immunofluorescence staining (Ox-42, NeuN) on adjacent brain sections. We demonstrated that [3H]DPA-714 provides a better signal-to-noise ratio than [3H]PK-11195. Furthermore, we showed that repeated PHA 543613 administration at a dose of 12mg/kg to QA-lesioned rats significantly protected neurons and reduced the intensity of microglial activation. This study reinforces the hypothesis that α7nAChR agonists can provide beneficial effects in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases through potential modulation of microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Foucault-Fruchard
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Tours, France.
| | - Aurélie Doméné
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.
| | - Guylène Page
- EA3808 - CiMoTheMA, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
| | | | - Patrick Emond
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.
| | - Nuno Rodrigues
- UMR CNRS 7311, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.
| | - Frédéric Dollé
- CEA, I2BM, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France.
| | | | - Frédéric Buron
- UMR CNRS 7311, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.
| | - Sylvain Routier
- UMR CNRS 7311, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.
| | - Sylvie Chalon
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.
| | - Daniel Antier
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Tours, France.
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Arnaldi D, Antelmi E, St Louis EK, Postuma RB, Arnulf I. Idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder and neurodegenerative risk: To tell or not to tell to the patient? How to minimize the risk? Sleep Med Rev 2016; 36:82-95. [PMID: 28082168 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Most people with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) have an underlying synucleinopathy, mainly Parkinson's disease (PD) or dementia with Lewy bodies, with median conversion time of 4-9 y from iRBD diagnosis and of 11-16 y from symptom onset. Subtle signs and imaging tests indicate concomitant neurodegeneration in widespread brain areas. Risk factor studies suggest that iRBD patients may have prior head injury, occupational farming, pesticide exposure, low education level and possibly more frequent family history of dream-enactment behavior (but not of PD), plus unexpected risk factors (smoking, ischemic heart disease and inhaled corticosteroid use). Unlike PD, caffeine and smoking appear not to have a protective role. Prior depression and antidepressant use may be early neurodegenerative signs rather than exclusively causative factors. Age, hyposmia, impaired color vision, abnormal dopaminergic imaging, mild cognitive impairment and possibly sleepiness, may identify patients at greater risk of more rapid conversion. The consensus is to generally disclose the neurodegenerative risk to patients (with the caveat that phenoconversion and its temporal course remain uncertain in individuals without "soft neurodegenerative signs" and those under 50 y of age), to suggest a healthy lifestyle and to take part in prospective cohort studies in anticipation of eventual neuroprotective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Arnaldi
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Antelmi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Erik K St Louis
- Mayo Center for Sleep Medicine, Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- Department of Neurology, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Arnulf
- Sleep Disorder Unit, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, APHP, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France.
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Moccia M, Mollenhauer B, Erro R, Picillo M, Palladino R, Barone P. Non-Motor Correlates of Smoking Habits in de Novo Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2016; 5:913-24. [PMID: 26485426 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-150639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) subjects are less likely to ever smoke and are more prone to quit smoking, as compared to controls. Therefore, smoking habits can be considered part of the non-motor phenotype, preceding the onset of motor PD by several years. OBJECTIVE To explore non-motor symptom (NMS) correlates of smoking habits in de novo PD. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 281 newly diagnosed, drug-naïve PD subjects, recruited in Naples (Italy) and in Kassel (Germany). All subjects completed the NMS Questionnaire (NMSQ), and were investigated for smoking status (never, current and former smokers) and intensity (pack-years). RESULTS 140 PD subjects never smoked, 20 currently smoked, and 121 had quit smoking before PD diagnosis. NMSQ total score did not associate with smoking status, but with smoking intensity (p = 0.028; coefficient = 0.088). A multinomial logistic regression stepwise model presenting never smoking as reference, selected as NMSQ correlates of current smoking: sex difficulties (p = 0.002; OR = 5.254), daytime sleepiness (p = 0.046; OR = 0.085), insomnia (p = 0.025; OR = 0.135), and vivid dreams (p = 0.040; OR = 3.110); and of former smoking: swallowing (p = 0.013; OR = 0.311), nausea (p = 0.027; OR = 7.157), unexplained pains (p = 0.002; OR = 3.409), forgetfulness (p = 0.005; OR = 2.592), sex interest (p = 0.007; OR = 0.221), sex difficulties (p = 0.038; OR = 4.215), and daytime sleepiness (p = 0.05; OR = 0.372). An ordinal logistic regression stepwise model selected as NMSQ correlates of smoking intensity: nocturnal restlessness (p = 0.027; coefficient = 0.974), and leg swelling (p = 0.004; coefficient = 1.305). CONCLUSIONS Certain NMSs are associated with different smoking status and intensity, suggesting a variety of adaptive mechanisms to cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Moccia
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Klinikstraße 16, Kassel, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Roberto Erro
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK.,Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marina Picillo
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palladino
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London, UK.,Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Oertel W, Schulz JB. Current and experimental treatments of Parkinson disease: A guide for neuroscientists. J Neurochem 2016; 139 Suppl 1:325-337. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Oertel
- Department of Neurology; Hertie-Senior Research Professorship; Philipps University Marburg; Baldingerstrasse; Marburg Germany
- Institute for Neurogenomics; Helmholtz Institute for Health and Environment; München Germany
| | - Jörg B. Schulz
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
- JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
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Perez XA. Preclinical Evidence for a Role of the Nicotinic Cholinergic System in Parkinson's Disease. Neuropsychol Rev 2015; 25:371-83. [PMID: 26553323 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-015-9303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the primary deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta which leads to striatal dopaminergic deficits that underlie the motor symptoms associated with the disease. A plethora of animal models have been developed over the years to uncover the molecular alterations that lead to PD development. These models have provided valuable information on neurotransmitter pathways and mechanisms involved. One such a system is the nicotinic cholinergic system. Numerous studies show that nigrostriatal damage affects nicotinic receptor-mediated dopaminergic signaling; therefore therapeutic modulation of the nicotinic cholinergic system may offer a novel approach to manage PD. In fact, there is evidence showing that nicotinic receptor drugs may be useful as neuroprotective agents to prevent Parkinson's disease progression. Additional preclinical studies also show that nicotinic receptor drugs may be beneficial for the treatment of L-dopa induced dyskinesias. Here, we review preclinical findings supporting the idea that nicotinic receptors are valuable therapeutic targets for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiomara A Perez
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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Quik M, Bordia T, Zhang D, Perez XA. Nicotine and Nicotinic Receptor Drugs. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 124:247-71. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Lucassen EB, Sterling NW, Lee EY, Chen H, Lewis MM, Kong L, Huang X. History of smoking and olfaction in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2014; 29:1069-74. [PMID: 24833119 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Olfactory dysfunction is the most common pre-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD), and smoking is known to be associated with lower risk of PD. This study tested the hypothesis that smoking is associated with better olfaction in PD. METHODS Smoking history was obtained from 76 PD subjects (22 with a history of smoking [smokers], 54 who never smoked [nonsmokers]), and 70 controls (17 smokers, 53 nonsmokers). Olfaction was assessed using the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). The olfactory scores between groups and subgroups were compared using analysis of covariance with adjustment for age, gender, and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor usage. RESULTS Overall the olfactory score was lower in PD compared with controls (olfactory scores: 21.5 vs. 33.5, P < 0.0001). Among controls, there was no significant difference in olfaction between smokers and nonsmokers (olfactory scores, 33.2 vs. 34.2; P = 0.95). Among PD subjects, however, smokers scored significantly better regarding olfaction compared with nonsmokers (olfactory scores: 24.4 vs. 19.9, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that a history of smoking is associated with better olfaction among PD patients. The finding may be related to why smoking may be protective against PD. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding and investigate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth B Lucassen
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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Dézsi L, Vécsei L. Clinical implications of irregular ADMET properties with levodopa and other antiparkinson's drugs. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:409-24. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.878702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Thiriez C, Villafane G, Grapin F, Fenelon G, Remy P, Cesaro P. Can nicotine be used medicinally in Parkinson’s disease? Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 4:429-36. [DOI: 10.1586/ecp.11.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Bargiotas P, Konitsiotis S. Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: emerging treatments. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2013; 9:1605-17. [PMID: 24174877 PMCID: PMC3808152 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s36693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease therapy is still focused on the use of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (levodopa or L-dopa) for the symptomatic treatment of the main clinical features of the disease, despite intensive pharmacological research in the last few decades. However, regardless of its effectiveness, the long-term use of levodopa causes, in combination with disease progression, the development of motor complications termed levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs). LIDs are the result of profound modifications in the functional organization of the basal ganglia circuitry, possibly related to the chronic and pulsatile stimulation of striatal dopaminergic receptors by levodopa. Hence, for decades the key feature of a potentially effective agent against LIDs has been its ability to ensure more continuous dopaminergic stimulation in the brain. The growing knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of LIDs and the increasing evidence on involvement of nondopaminergic systems raises the possibility of more promising therapeutic approaches in the future. In the current review, we focus on novel therapies for LIDs in Parkinson's disease, based mainly on agents that interfere with glutamatergic, serotonergic, adenosine, adrenergic, and cholinergic neurotransmission that are currently in testing or clinical development.
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Zhang D, Mallela A, Sohn D, Carroll FI, Bencherif M, Letchworth S, Quik M. Nicotinic receptor agonists reduce L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in a monkey model of Parkinson's disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 347:225-34. [PMID: 23902940 PMCID: PMC3781407 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.207639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal involuntary movements or dyskinesias are a serious complication of long-term l-DOPA treatment of Parkinson's disease, for which there are few treatment options. Accumulating preclinical data show that nicotine decreases l-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs), suggesting that it may be a useful antidyskinetic therapy for Parkinson's disease. Here, we investigated whether nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists reduced LIDs in nonhuman primates. We first tested the nonselective nAChR agonist 1, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-6,10-methano-6H-pyrazino[2,3-h][3]benzazepine (varenicline), which offers the advantage that it is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in humans. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned monkeys (n = 23) were first administered l-DOPA/carbidopa (10/2.5 mg/kg) twice daily 5 days/week until stably dyskinetic. Oral varenicline (0.03-0.10 mg/kg) decreased LIDs ∼50% compared with vehicle-treated monkeys, whereas nicotine treatment (300 µg/ml in drinking water) reduced LIDs by 70% in a parallel group of animals. We next tested the selective α4β2*/α6β2* nAChR agonist TC-8831 [3-cyclopropylcarbonyl-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane] on LIDs in the same set of monkeys after a 10-week washout. We also tested TC-8831 in another set of MPTP-lesioned monkeys (n = 16) that were nAChR drug-naïve. Oral TC-8831 (0.03-0.3 mg/kg) reduced LIDs in both sets by 30-50%. After a washout period, repeat TC-8831 dosing led to a greater decline in LIDs (60%) in both sets of monkeys that was similar to the effect of nicotine. Tolerance to any nAChR drug did not develop over the course of the study (3-4 months). NAChR drug treatment did not worsen parkinsonism or cognitive ability. These data suggest that nAChR agonists may be useful for the management of dyskinesias in l-DOPA-treated Parkinson's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhui Zhang
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California (D.Z., A.M., D.S., M.Q.); Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (F.I.C.); and Targacept, Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina (M.B., S.L.)
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Chambers RP, Call GB, Meyer D, Smith J, Techau JA, Pearman K, Buhlman LM. Nicotine increases lifespan and rescues olfactory and motor deficits in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2013; 253:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Quik M, Mallela A, Ly J, Zhang D. Nicotine reduces established levodopa-induced dyskinesias in a monkey model of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2013; 28:1398-406. [PMID: 23836409 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (levodopa) is the gold-standard treatment for Parkinson's disease, it can lead to disabling dyskinesias. Previous work demonstrated that nicotine reduces levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) in several parkinsonian animal models. The goal of this study was to determine whether the duration of nicotine administration affects its ability to reduce LIDs in levodopa-primed and levodopa-naíve monkeys and also to test whether tolerance develops to the beneficial effects of nicotine. Monkeys were injected with MPTP (1.9-2.0 mg/kg subcutaneously) over 3 to 5 months until parkinsonism developed. Nicotine (300 μg/mL) was administered in drinking water (over 4-6 months) to levodopa-primed or levodopa-naíve monkeys, with levodopa/carbidopa (10/2.5 mg/kg) gavaged twice daily. One set of MPTP-lesioned monkeys (n = 23) was first gavaged with levodopa and subsequently received nicotine 4 weeks later, when dyskinesias plateaued, or 8 weeks later, when dyskinesias were established. A 60% to 70% decrease in LIDs was observed after several weeks of nicotine treatment in both groups. A second set of monkeys (n = 26) received nicotine 8 or 2 weeks before levodopa. In the 8-week nicotine pretreatment group, there was an immediate reduction in LIDs, which plateaued at 60% to 70%. In the 2-week nicotine pretreatment group, there were initial small decreases in LIDs, which plateaued at 60% to 70% several weeks later. Thus, nicotine pretreatment and nicotine post-treatment were similarly efficacious in reducing LIDs. The beneficial effect of nicotine persisted throughout the study (17-23 weeks). Nicotine did not worsen parkinsonism. These data suggest that nicotine treatment has potential as a successful antidyskinetic therapy for patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryka Quik
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
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Di Cesare Mannelli L, Zanardelli M, Ghelardini C. Nicotine is a pain reliever in trauma- and chemotherapy-induced neuropathy models. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 711:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Kalia LV, Brotchie JM, Fox SH. Novel nondopaminergic targets for motor features of Parkinson's disease: Review of recent trials. Mov Disord 2012; 28:131-44. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.25273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine V. Kalia
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease; Toronto Western Hospital; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Neurology; Department of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jonathan M. Brotchie
- Toronto Western Research Institute; Toronto Western Hospital; 399 Bathurst Street Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Susan H. Fox
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease; Toronto Western Hospital; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Neurology; Department of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
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A genetic basis for the variable effect of smoking/nicotine on Parkinson's disease. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2012; 13:530-7. [PMID: 23032990 PMCID: PMC3538110 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2012.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have established an inverse association between cigarette smoking and the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD), and currently, the disease-modifying potential of the nicotine patch is being tested in clinical trials. To identify genes that interact with the effect of smoking/nicotine, we conducted genome-wide interaction studies in humans and in Drosophila. We identified SV2C, which encodes a synaptic-vesicle protein in PD-vulnerable substantia nigra (P=1 × 10(-7) for gene-smoking interaction on PD risk), and CG14691, which is predicted to encode a synaptic-vesicle protein in Drosophila (P=2 × 10(-11) for nicotine-paraquat interaction on gene expression). SV2C is biologically plausible because nicotine enhances the release of dopamine through synaptic vesicles, and PD is caused by the depletion of dopamine. Effect of smoking on PD varied by SV2C genotype from protective to neutral to harmful (P=5 × 10(-10)). Taken together, cross-validating evidence from humans and Drosophila suggests SV2C is involved in PD pathogenesis and it might be a useful marker for pharmacogenomics studies involving nicotine.
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Quik M, Wonnacott S. α6β2* and α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors as drug targets for Parkinson's disease. Pharmacol Rev 2012; 63:938-66. [PMID: 21969327 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.003269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a debilitating movement disorder characterized by a generalized dysfunction of the nervous system, with a particularly prominent decline in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. Although there is currently no cure, drugs targeting the dopaminergic system provide major symptomatic relief. As well, agents directed to other neurotransmitter systems are of therapeutic benefit. Such drugs may act by directly improving functional deficits in these other systems, or they may restore aberrant motor activity that arises as a result of a dopaminergic imbalance. Recent research attention has focused on a role for drugs targeting the nicotinic cholinergic systems. The rationale for such work stems from basic research findings that there is an extensive overlap in the organization and function of the nicotinic cholinergic and dopaminergic systems in the basal ganglia. In addition, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) drugs could have clinical potential for Parkinson's disease. Evidence for this proposition stems from studies with experimental animal models showing that nicotine protects against neurotoxin-induced nigrostriatal damage and improves motor complications associated with l-DOPA, the "gold standard" for Parkinson's disease treatment. Nicotine interacts with multiple central nervous system receptors to generate therapeutic responses but also produces side effects. It is important therefore to identify the nAChR subtypes most beneficial for treating Parkinson's disease. Here we review nAChRs with particular emphasis on the subtypes that contribute to basal ganglia function. Accumulating evidence suggests that drugs targeting α6β2* and α4β2* nAChR may prove useful in the management of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryka Quik
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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Quik M, Perez XA, Bordia T. Nicotine as a potential neuroprotective agent for Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2012; 27:947-57. [PMID: 22693036 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Converging research efforts suggest that nicotine and other drugs that act at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) may be beneficial in the management of Parkinson's disease. This idea initially stemmed from the results of epidemiological studies that demonstrated that smoking is associated with a decreased incidence of Parkinson's disease. The subsequent finding that nicotine administration protected against nigrostriatal damage in parkinsonian animal models led to the idea that nicotine in tobacco products may contribute to this apparent protective action. Nicotine most likely exerts its effects by interacting at nAChRs. Accumulating research indicates that multiple subtypes containing nAChRs, including α4β2, α6β2, and/or α7, may be involved. Stimulation of nAChRs initially activates various intracellular transduction pathways primarily via alterations in calcium signaling. Consequent adaptations in immune responsiveness and trophic factors may ultimately mediate nicotine's ability to reduce/halt the neuronal damage that arises in Parkinson's disease. In addition to a potential neuroprotective action, nicotine also has antidepressant properties and improves attention/cognition. Altogether, these findings suggest that nicotine and nAChR drugs represent promising therapeutic agents for the management of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryka Quik
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA.
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Neurotoxin-based models of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2012; 211:51-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Steinlein OK. Ion channel mutations in neuronal diseases: a genetics perspective. Chem Rev 2012; 112:6334-52. [PMID: 22607259 DOI: 10.1021/cr300044d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ortrud K Steinlein
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Goethestr. 29, D-80336 Munich, Germany
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