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Liu N, Wang A, Xue M, Zhu X, Liu Y, Chen M. FOXA1 and FOXA2: the regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic implications in cancer. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:172. [PMID: 38605023 PMCID: PMC11009302 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
FOXA1 (Forkhead Box A1) and FOXA2 (Forkhead Box A2) serve as pioneering transcription factors that build gene expression capacity and play a central role in biological processes, including organogenesis and differentiation, glycolipid metabolism, proliferation, migration and invasion, and drug resistance. Notably, FOXA1 and FOXA2 may exert antagonistic, synergistic, or complementary effects in the aforementioned biological processes. This article focuses on the molecular mechanisms and clinical relevance of FOXA1 and FOXA2 in steroid hormone-induced malignancies and highlights potential strategies for targeting FOXA1 and FOXA2 for cancer therapy. Furthermore, the article describes the prospect of targeting upstream regulators of FOXA1/FOXA2 to regulate its expression for cancer therapy because of the drug untargetability of FOXA1/FOXA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China.
| | - Anran Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengen Xue
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoren Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Minbin Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, 215300, Jiangsu Province, China.
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2
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Hennegan J, Bryant AH, Griffiths L, Trigano M, Bartley OJ, Bartlett JJ, Minahan C, Abreu de Oliveira WA, Yutuc E, Ntikas S, Bartsocas CS, Markouri M, Antoniadou E, Laina I, Howell OW, Li M, Wang Y, Griffiths WJ, Lane EL, Lelos MJ, Theofilopoulos S. Inhibition of 7α,26-dihydroxycholesterol biosynthesis promotes midbrain dopaminergic neuron development. iScience 2024; 27:108670. [PMID: 38155767 PMCID: PMC10753067 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated cholesterol metabolism has been linked to neurodegeneration. We previously found that free, non-esterified, 7α,(25R)26-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,26-diHC), was significantly elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study we investigated the role of 7α,26-diHC in midbrain dopamine (mDA) neuron development and survival. We report that 7α,26-diHC induces apoptosis and reduces the number of mDA neurons in hESC-derived cultures and in mouse progenitor cultures. Voriconazole, an oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7B1) inhibitor, increases the number of mDA neurons and prevents the loss of mDA neurons induced by 7α,26-diHC. These effects are specific since neither 7α,26-diHC nor voriconazole alter the number of Islet1+ oculomotor neurons. Furthermore, our results suggest that elevated 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol, which has been shown to promote mDA neurogenesis, may be partially responsible for the effect of voriconazole on mDA neurons. These findings suggest that voriconazole, and/or other azole CYP7B1 inhibitors may have implications in PD therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Hennegan
- Regenerative Neurobiology Laboratory, Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Aled H. Bryant
- Regenerative Neurobiology Laboratory, Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Lauren Griffiths
- Regenerative Neurobiology Laboratory, Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
- Oxysterol Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Matthieu Trigano
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Oliver J.M. Bartley
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Joanna J. Bartlett
- Regenerative Neurobiology Laboratory, Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Carys Minahan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Willy Antoni Abreu de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eylan Yutuc
- Oxysterol Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Sotirios Ntikas
- Regenerative Neurobiology Laboratory, Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Owain W. Howell
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Meng Li
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Oxysterol Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - William J. Griffiths
- Oxysterol Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Emma L. Lane
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Mariah J. Lelos
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Spyridon Theofilopoulos
- Regenerative Neurobiology Laboratory, Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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3
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Cardo LF, Monzón-Sandoval J, Li Z, Webber C, Li M. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and In Vitro Lineage Tracing Reveals Differential Susceptibility of Human iPSC-Derived Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons in a Cellular Model of Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2860. [PMID: 38132179 PMCID: PMC10741976 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in stem cell technologies open up new avenues for modelling development and diseases. The success of these pursuits, however, relies on the use of cells most relevant to those targeted by the disease of interest, for example, midbrain dopaminergic neurons for Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we report the generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line capable of purifying and tracing nascent midbrain dopaminergic progenitors and their differentiated progeny via the expression of a Blue Fluorescent Protein (BFP). This was achieved by CRISPR/Cas9-assisted knock-in of BFP and Cre into the safe harbour locus AAVS1 and an early midbrain dopaminergic lineage marker gene LMX1A, respectively. Immunocytochemical analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing of iPSC-derived neural cultures confirm developmental recapitulation of the human fetal midbrain and high-quality midbrain cells. By modelling Parkinson's disease-related drug toxicity using 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), we showed a preferential reduction of BFP+ cells, a finding demonstrated independently by cell death assays and single-cell transcriptomic analysis of MPP+ treated neural cultures. Together, these results highlight the importance of disease-relevant cell types in stem cell modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia F. Cardo
- Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (L.F.C.); (J.M.-S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jimena Monzón-Sandoval
- Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (L.F.C.); (J.M.-S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zongze Li
- Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (L.F.C.); (J.M.-S.); (Z.L.)
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Caleb Webber
- Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (L.F.C.); (J.M.-S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Meng Li
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
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4
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Rosety I, Zagare A, Saraiva C, Nickels S, Antony P, Almeida C, Glaab E, Halder R, Velychko S, Rauen T, Schöler HR, Bolognin S, Sauter T, Jarazo J, Krüger R, Schwamborn JC. Impaired neuron differentiation in GBA-associated Parkinson's disease is linked to cell cycle defects in organoids. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:166. [PMID: 38110400 PMCID: PMC10728202 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease (PD) etiology are only partially understood despite intensive research conducted in the field. Recent evidence suggests that early neurodevelopmental defects might play a role in cellular susceptibility to neurodegeneration. To study the early developmental contribution of GBA mutations in PD we used patient-derived iPSCs carrying a heterozygous N370S mutation in the GBA gene. Patient-specific midbrain organoids displayed GBA-PD relevant phenotypes such as reduction of GCase activity, autophagy impairment, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Genome-scale metabolic (GEM) modeling predicted changes in lipid metabolism which were validated with lipidomics analysis, showing significant differences in the lipidome of GBA-PD. In addition, patient-specific midbrain organoids exhibited a decrease in the number and complexity of dopaminergic neurons. This was accompanied by an increase in the neural progenitor population showing signs of oxidative stress-induced damage and premature cellular senescence. These results provide insights into how GBA mutations may lead to neurodevelopmental defects thereby predisposing to PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Rosety
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- OrganoTherapeutics SARL-S, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alise Zagare
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Claudia Saraiva
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sarah Nickels
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Antony
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Catarina Almeida
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Biomedical Data Science group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rashi Halder
- Systems Ecology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sergiy Velychko
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, MPG White Paper Group - Animal Testing in the Max Planck Society, Muenster, Germany
| | - Thomas Rauen
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, MPG White Paper Group - Animal Testing in the Max Planck Society, Muenster, Germany
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, MPG White Paper Group - Animal Testing in the Max Planck Society, Muenster, Germany
| | - Silvia Bolognin
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, 4367, Luxembourg
| | - Javier Jarazo
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- OrganoTherapeutics SARL-S, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Transversial Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 1 A-B rue Thomas Ediison, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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5
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Reumann D, Krauditsch C, Novatchkova M, Sozzi E, Wong SN, Zabolocki M, Priouret M, Doleschall B, Ritzau-Reid KI, Piber M, Morassut I, Fieseler C, Fiorenzano A, Stevens MM, Zimmer M, Bardy C, Parmar M, Knoblich JA. In vitro modeling of the human dopaminergic system using spatially arranged ventral midbrain-striatum-cortex assembloids. Nat Methods 2023; 20:2034-2047. [PMID: 38052989 PMCID: PMC10703680 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons project to the striatum as well as the cortex and are involved in movement control and reward-related cognition. In Parkinson's disease, nigrostriatal midbrain dopaminergic neurons degenerate and cause typical Parkinson's disease motor-related impairments, while the dysfunction of mesocorticolimbic midbrain dopaminergic neurons is implicated in addiction and neuropsychiatric disorders. Study of the development and selective neurodegeneration of the human dopaminergic system, however, has been limited due to the lack of an appropriate model and access to human material. Here, we have developed a human in vitro model that recapitulates key aspects of dopaminergic innervation of the striatum and cortex. These spatially arranged ventral midbrain-striatum-cortical organoids (MISCOs) can be used to study dopaminergic neuron maturation, innervation and function with implications for cell therapy and addiction research. We detail protocols for growing ventral midbrain, striatal and cortical organoids and describe how they fuse in a linear manner when placed in custom embedding molds. We report the formation of functional long-range dopaminergic connections to striatal and cortical tissues in MISCOs, and show that injected, ventral midbrain-patterned progenitors can mature and innervate the tissue. Using these assembloids, we examine dopaminergic circuit perturbations and show that chronic cocaine treatment causes long-lasting morphological, functional and transcriptional changes that persist upon drug withdrawal. Thus, our method opens new avenues to investigate human dopaminergic cell transplantation and circuitry reconstruction as well as the effect of drugs on the human dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Reumann
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Krauditsch
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edoardo Sozzi
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sakurako Nagumo Wong
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Zabolocki
- Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marthe Priouret
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balint Doleschall
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaja I Ritzau-Reid
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marielle Piber
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ilaria Morassut
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charles Fieseler
- Department of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessandro Fiorenzano
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'Adriano Buzzati Traverso' (IGB), CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Manuel Zimmer
- Department of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cedric Bardy
- Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Malin Parmar
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jürgen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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6
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Toh HSY, Choo XY, Sun AX. Midbrain organoids-development and applications in Parkinson's disease. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 2:kvad009. [PMID: 38596240 PMCID: PMC10913847 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Human brain development is spatially and temporally complex. Insufficient access to human brain tissue and inadequacy of animal models has limited the study of brain development and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent advancements of brain organoid technology have created novel opportunities to model human-specific neurodevelopment and brain diseases. In this review, we discuss the use of brain organoids to model the midbrain and Parkinson's disease. We critically evaluate the extent of recapitulation of PD pathology by organoids and discuss areas of future development that may lead to the model to become a next-generation, personalized therapeutic strategy for PD and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary S Y Toh
- Neuroscience & Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore
| | - Xin Yi Choo
- Neuroscience & Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore
| | - Alfred Xuyang Sun
- Neuroscience & Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore
- National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jln Tan Tock Seng, Singapore
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7
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Kim W, Tripathi M, Kim C, Vardhineni S, Cha Y, Kandi SK, Feitosa M, Kholiya R, Sah E, Thakur A, Kim Y, Ko S, Bhatia K, Manohar S, Kong YB, Sindhu G, Kim YS, Cohen B, Rawat DS, Kim KS. An optimized Nurr1 agonist provides disease-modifying effects in Parkinson's disease models. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4283. [PMID: 37463889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor, Nurr1, is critical for both the development and maintenance of midbrain dopamine neurons, representing a promising molecular target for Parkinson's disease (PD). We previously identified three Nurr1 agonists (amodiaquine, chloroquine and glafenine) that share an identical chemical scaffold, 4-amino-7-chloroquinoline (4A7C), suggesting a structure-activity relationship. Herein we report a systematic medicinal chemistry search in which over 570 4A7C-derivatives were generated and characterized. Multiple compounds enhance Nurr1's transcriptional activity, leading to identification of an optimized, brain-penetrant agonist, 4A7C-301, that exhibits robust neuroprotective effects in vitro. In addition, 4A7C-301 protects midbrain dopamine neurons in the MPTP-induced male mouse model of PD and improves both motor and non-motor olfactory deficits without dyskinesia-like behaviors. Furthermore, 4A7C-301 significantly ameliorates neuropathological abnormalities and improves motor and olfactory dysfunctions in AAV2-mediated α-synuclein-overexpressing male mouse models. These disease-modifying properties of 4A7C-301 may warrant clinical evaluation of this or analogous compounds for the treatment of patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woori Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Mohit Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Chunhyung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | | | - Young Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | | | - Melissa Feitosa
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Rohit Kholiya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Eric Sah
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Anuj Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Yehan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Sanghyeok Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Kaiya Bhatia
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Sunny Manohar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Young-Bin Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Gagandeep Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Yoon-Seong Kim
- Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Bruce Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Diwan S Rawat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Kwang-Soo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
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8
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Dorsey SG, Mocci E, Lane MV, Krueger BK. Rapid effects of valproic acid on the fetal brain transcriptome: Implications for brain development and autism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.01.538959. [PMID: 37205520 PMCID: PMC10187231 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.01.538959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There is an increased incidence of autism among the children of women who take the anti-epileptic, mood stabilizing drug, valproic acid (VPA) during pregnancy; moreover, exposure to VPA in utero causes autistic-like symptoms in rodents and non-human primates. Analysis of RNAseq data obtained from fetal mouse brains 3 hr after VPA administration revealed that VPA significantly [p(FDR) ≤ 0.025] increased or decreased the expression of approximately 7,300 genes. No significant sex differences in VPA-induced gene expression were observed. Expression of genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism as well as neurogenesis, axon growth and synaptogenesis, GABAergic, glutaminergic and dopaminergic synaptic transmission, perineuronal nets, and circadian rhythms was dysregulated by VPA. Moreover, expression of 400 autism risk genes was significantly altered by VPA as was expression of 247 genes that have been reported to play fundamental roles in the development of the nervous system, but are not linked to autism by GWAS. The goal of this study was to identify mouse genes that are: (a) significantly up- or down-regulated by VPA in the fetal brain and (b) known to be associated with autism and/or to play a role in embryonic neurodevelopmental processes, perturbation of which has the potential to alter brain connectivity in the postnatal and adult brain. The set of genes meeting these criteria provides potential targets for future hypothesis-driven approaches to elucidating the proximal underlying causes of defective brain connectivity in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism.
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Abstract
The midbrain dopamine (mDA) system is composed of molecularly and functionally distinct neuron subtypes that mediate specific behaviours and are linked to various brain diseases. Considerable progress has been made in identifying mDA neuron subtypes, and recent work has begun to unveil how these neuronal subtypes develop and organize into functional brain structures. This progress is important for further understanding the disparate physiological functions of mDA neurons and their selective vulnerability in disease, and will ultimately accelerate therapy development. This Review discusses recent advances in our understanding of molecularly defined mDA neuron subtypes and their circuits, ranging from early developmental events, such as neuron migration and axon guidance, to their wiring and function, and future implications for therapeutic strategies.
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10
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Yeap YJ, Teddy TJW, Lee MJ, Goh M, Lim KL. From 2D to 3D: Development of Monolayer Dopaminergic Neuronal and Midbrain Organoid Cultures for Parkinson's Disease Modeling and Regenerative Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032523. [PMID: 36768843 PMCID: PMC9917335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized pathologically by the loss of A9-specific dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of the midbrain. Despite intensive research, the etiology of PD is currently unresolved, and the disease remains incurable. This, in part, is due to the lack of an experimental disease model that could faithfully recapitulate the features of human PD. However, the recent advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has allowed PD models to be created from patient-derived cells. Indeed, DA neurons from PD patients are now routinely established in many laboratories as monolayers as well as 3D organoid cultures that serve as useful toolboxes for understanding the mechanism underlying PD and also for drug discovery. At the same time, the iPSC technology also provides unprecedented opportunity for autologous cell-based therapy for the PD patient to be performed using the patient's own cells as starting materials. In this review, we provide an update on the molecular processes underpinning the development and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into midbrain DA neurons in both 2D and 3D cultures, as well as the latest advancements in using these cells for drug discovery and regenerative medicine. For the novice entering the field, the cornucopia of differentiation protocols reported for the generation of midbrain DA neurons may seem daunting. Here, we have distilled the essence of the different approaches and summarized the main factors driving DA neuronal differentiation, with the view to provide a useful guide to newcomers who are interested in developing iPSC-based models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Jie Yeap
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Tng J. W. Teddy
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme (IGP-Neuroscience), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Mok Jung Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Micaela Goh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Kah Leong Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Warren I, Moeller MM, Guiggey D, Chiang A, Maloy M, Ogoke O, Groth T, Mon T, Meamardoost S, Liu X, Thompson S, Szeglowski A, Thompson R, Chen P, Paulmurugan R, Yarmush ML, Kidambi S, Parashurama N. FOXA1/2 depletion drives global reprogramming of differentiation state and metabolism in a human liver cell line and inhibits differentiation of human stem cell-derived hepatic progenitor cells. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22652. [PMID: 36515690 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101506rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
FOXA factors are critical members of the developmental gene regulatory network (GRN) composed of master transcription factors (TF) which regulate murine cell fate and metabolism in the gut and liver. How FOXA factors dictate human liver cell fate, differentiation, and simultaneously regulate metabolic pathways is poorly understood. Here, we aimed to determine the role of FOXA2 (and FOXA1 which is believed to compensate for FOXA2) in controlling hepatic differentiation and cell metabolism in a human hepatic cell line (HepG2). siRNA mediated knockdown of FOXA1/2 in HepG2 cells significantly downregulated albumin (p < .05) and GRN TF gene expression (HNF4α, HEX, HNF1ß, TBX3) (p < .05) and significantly upregulated endoderm/gut/hepatic endoderm markers (goosecoid [GSC], FOXA3, and GATA4), gut TF (CDX2), pluripotent TF (NANOG), and neuroectodermal TF (PAX6) (p < .05), all consistent with partial/transient reprograming. shFOXA1/2 targeting resulted in similar findings and demonstrated evidence of reversibility of phenotype. RNA-seq followed by bioinformatic analysis of shFOXA1/2 knockdown HepG2 cells demonstrated 235 significant downregulated genes and 448 upregulated genes, including upregulation of markers for alternate germ layers lineages (cardiac, endothelial, muscle) and neurectoderm (eye, neural). We found widespread downregulation of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, mitochondrial genes, and alterations in lipid metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, and ketogenesis. Functional metabolic analysis agreed with these findings, demonstrating significantly diminished glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, with concomitant accumulation of lipid droplets. We hypothesized that FOXA1/2 inhibit the initiation of human liver differentiation in vitro. During human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC)-hepatic differentiation, siRNA knockdown demonstrated de-differentiation and unexpectedly, activation of pluripotency factors and neuroectoderm. shRNA knockdown demonstrated similar results and activation of SOX9 (hepatobiliary). These results demonstrate that FOXA1/2 controls hepatic and developmental GRN, and their knockdown leads to reprogramming of both differentiation and metabolism, with applications in studies of cancer, differentiation, and organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyan Warren
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Michael M Moeller
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Daniel Guiggey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Chiang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Mitchell Maloy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ogechi Ogoke
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Theodore Groth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Tala Mon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Saber Meamardoost
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sarah Thompson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Antoni Szeglowski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ryan Thompson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center for Early Cancer Detection and the Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Srivatsan Kidambi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Natesh Parashurama
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, New York, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, New York, USA.,Clinical and Translation Research Center (CTRC), University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, New York, USA
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12
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Stemness Activity Underlying Whole Brain Regeneration in a Basal Chordate. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233727. [PMID: 36496987 PMCID: PMC9738451 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how neurons regenerate following injury remains a central challenge in regenerative medicine. Adult mammals have a very limited ability to regenerate new neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast, the basal chordate Polycarpa mytiligera can regenerate its entire CNS within seven days of complete removal. Transcriptome sequencing, cellular labeling, and proliferation in vivo essays revealed that CNS regeneration is mediated by a newly formed neural progeny and the activation of neurodevelopmental pathways that are associated with enhanced stem-cell activity. Analyzing the expression of 239 activated pathways enabled a quantitative understanding of gene-set enrichment patterns at key regeneration stages. The molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling the regenerative ability that this study reveals can be used to develop innovative approaches to enhancing neurogenesis in closely-related chordate species, including humans.
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13
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Nishimura K, Yang S, Lee KW, Ásgrímsdóttir ES, Nikouei K, Paslawski W, Gnodde S, Lyu G, Hu L, Saltó C, Svenningsson P, Hjerling-Leffler J, Linnarsson S, Arenas E. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals correct developmental dynamics and high-quality midbrain cell types by improved hESC differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 18:337-353. [PMID: 36400027 PMCID: PMC9860082 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell technologies provide new opportunities for modeling cells in health and disease and for regenerative medicine. In both cases, developmental knowledge and defining the molecular properties and quality of the cell types is essential. In this study, we identify developmental factors important for the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into functional midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. We found that laminin-511, and dual canonical and non-canonical WNT activation followed by GSK3β inhibition plus FGF8b, improved midbrain patterning. In addition, neurogenesis and differentiation were enhanced by activation of liver X receptors and inhibition of fibroblast growth factor signaling. Moreover, single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed a developmental dynamics similar to that of the endogenous human ventral midbrain and the emergence of high-quality molecularly defined midbrain cell types, including mDA neurons. Our study identifies novel factors important for human midbrain development and opens the door for a future application of molecularly defined hESC-derived cell types in Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaneyasu Nishimura
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shanzheng Yang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ka Wai Lee
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilía Sif Ásgrímsdóttir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kasra Nikouei
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wojciech Paslawski
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabine Gnodde
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guochang Lyu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lijuan Hu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carmen Saltó
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Hjerling-Leffler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Yánez DC, Lau CI, Papaioannou E, Chawda MM, Rowell J, Ross S, Furmanski A, Crompton T. The Pioneer Transcription Factor Foxa2 Modulates T Helper Differentiation to Reduce Mouse Allergic Airway Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:890781. [PMID: 36003391 PMCID: PMC9393229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.890781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxa2, a member of the Forkhead box (Fox) family of transcription factors, plays an important role in the regulation of lung function and lung tissue homeostasis. FOXA2 expression is reduced in the lung and airways epithelium of asthmatic patients and in mice absence of Foxa2 from the lung epithelium contributes to airway inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia. Here we demonstrate a novel role for Foxa2 in the regulation of T helper differentiation and investigate its impact on lung inflammation. Conditional deletion of Foxa2 from T-cells led to increased Th2 cytokine secretion and differentiation, but decreased Th1 differentiation and IFN-γ expression in vitro. Induction of mouse allergic airway inflammation resulted in more severe disease in the conditional Foxa2 knockout than in control mice, with increased cellular infiltration to the lung, characterized by the recruitment of eosinophils and basophils, increased mucus production and increased production of Th2 cytokines and serum IgE. Thus, these experiments suggest that Foxa2 expression in T-cells is required to protect against the Th2 inflammatory response in allergic airway inflammation and that Foxa2 is important in T-cells to maintain the balance of effector cell differentiation and function in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Yánez
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ching-In Lau
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mira M Chawda
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmine Rowell
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Ross
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Furmanski
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa Crompton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Fotuhi Siahpirani A, Knaack S, Chasman D, Seirup M, Sridharan R, Stewart R, Thomson J, Roy S. Dynamic regulatory module networks for inference of cell type-specific transcriptional networks. Genome Res 2022; 32:1367-1384. [PMID: 35705328 PMCID: PMC9341506 DOI: 10.1101/gr.276542.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Changes in transcriptional regulatory networks can significantly alter cell fate. To gain insight into transcriptional dynamics, several studies have profiled bulk multi-omic data sets with parallel transcriptomic and epigenomic measurements at different stages of a developmental process. However, integrating these data to infer cell type–specific regulatory networks is a major challenge. We present dynamic regulatory module networks (DRMNs), a novel approach to infer cell type–specific cis-regulatory networks and their dynamics. DRMN integrates expression, chromatin state, and accessibility to predict cis-regulators of context-specific expression, where context can be cell type, developmental stage, or time point, and uses multitask learning to capture network dynamics across linearly and hierarchically related contexts. We applied DRMNs to study regulatory network dynamics in three developmental processes, each showing different temporal relationships and measuring a different combination of regulatory genomic data sets: cellular reprogramming, liver dedifferentiation, and forward differentiation. DRMN identified known and novel regulators driving cell type–specific expression patterns, showing its broad applicability to examine dynamics of gene regulatory networks from linearly and hierarchically related multi-omic data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Knaack
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Deborah Chasman
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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16
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Karimzadeh M, Hoffman MM. Virtual ChIP-seq: predicting transcription factor binding by learning from the transcriptome. Genome Biol 2022; 23:126. [PMID: 35681170 PMCID: PMC9185870 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing methods for computational prediction of transcription factor (TF) binding sites evaluate genomic regions with similarity to known TF sequence preferences. Most TF binding sites, however, do not resemble known TF sequence motifs, and many TFs are not sequence-specific. We developed Virtual ChIP-seq, which predicts binding of individual TFs in new cell types, integrating learned associations with gene expression and binding, TF binding sites from other cell types, and chromatin accessibility data in the new cell type. This approach outperforms methods that predict TF binding solely based on sequence preference, predicting binding for 36 TFs (MCC>0.3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Karimzadeh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Vector Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael M Hoffman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Vector Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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17
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Chalazonitis A, Rao M, Sulzer D. Similarities and differences between nigral and enteric dopaminergic neurons unravel distinctive involvement in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:50. [PMID: 35459867 PMCID: PMC9033791 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the well-known degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, enteric neurons can also be affected in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Dopaminergic neurons have recently been identified in the enteric nervous system (ENS). While ENS dopaminergic neurons have been shown to degenerate in genetic mouse models of PD, analyses of their survival in enteric biopsies of PD patients have provided inconsistent results to date. In this context, this review seeks to highlight the distinctive and shared factors and properties that control the evolution of these two sets of dopaminergic neurons from neuronal precursors to aging neurons. Although their cellular sources and developmental times of origin differ, midbrain and ENS dopaminergic neurons express many transcription factors in common and their respective environments express similar neurotrophic molecules. For example, Foxa2 and Sox6 are expressed by both populations to promote the specification, differentiation, and long-term maintenance of the dopaminergic phenotype. Both populations exhibit sustained patterns of excitability that drive intrinsic vulnerability over time. In disorders such as PD, colon biopsies have revealed aggregation of alpha-synuclein in the submucosal plexus where dopaminergic neurons reside and lack blood barrier protection. Thus, these enteric neurons may be more susceptible to neurotoxic insults and aggregation of α-synuclein that spreads from gut to midbrain. Under sustained stress, inefficient autophagy leads to neurodegeneration, GI motility dysfunction, and PD symptoms. Recent findings suggest that novel neurotrophic factors such as CDNF have the potential to be used as neuroprotective agents to prevent and treat ENS symptoms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alcmène Chalazonitis
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Meenakshi Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatry Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
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18
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Ni A, Ernst C. Evidence That Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Dopaminergic Neurons Are Selectively Vulnerable to Oxidative Stress Because They Are Highly Metabolically Active. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:826193. [PMID: 35308118 PMCID: PMC8931026 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.826193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are 400–500 thousand dopaminergic cells within each side of the human substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) making them a minuscule portion of total brain mass. These tiny clusters of cells have an outsized impact on motor output and behavior as seen in disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). SNpc dopaminergic neurons are more vulnerable to oxidative stress compared to other brain cell types, but the reasons for this are not precisely known. Here we provide evidence to support the hypothesis that this selective vulnerability is because SNpc neurons sustain high metabolic rates compared to other neurons. A higher baseline requirement for ATP production may lead to a selective vulnerability to impairments in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) or genetic insults that impair Complex I of the electron transport chain. We suggest that the energy demands of the unique morphological and electrophysiological properties of SNpc neurons may be one reason these cells produce more ATP than other cells. We further provide evidence to support the hypothesis that transcription factors (TFs) required to drive induction, differentiation, and maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic neural progenitor cells which give rise to terminally differentiated SNpc neurons are uniquely involved in both developmental patterning and metabolism, a dual function unlike other TFs that program neurons in other brain regions. The use of these TFs during induction and differentiation may program ventral midbrain progenitor cells metabolically to higher ATP levels, allowing for the development of those specialized cell processes seen in terminally differentiated cells. This paper provides a cellular and developmental framework for understanding the selective vulnerability of SNpc dopaminergic cells to oxidative stress.
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19
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PBX1 attenuates 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis and affects PINK1/PARKIN expression in dopaminergic neurons via FOXA1. Cytotechnology 2022; 74:217-229. [PMID: 35464170 PMCID: PMC8975925 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PBX1 expression has been found to be significantly reduced in nigrostriatal neurons of PD patients, but the effect of PBX1 on ROS and apoptosis in nigrostriatal dopamine neurons is not yet known. This paper aimed to explore whether PBX1 could be involved in the development of PD. The construction of the in vitro PD model was followed by the determination of PBX1 expression. Then, PBX1 was overexpressed to observe the changes in the cell viability, TH expression, oxidative stress and apoptosis of the model. The mitochondrial membrane potential analysis and detection of PINK1/parkin expression were also conducted. To observe whether FOXA1 was involved in the mechanism, its expression was measured, and its association with PBX1 was determined. Subsequently, FOXA1 was silenced to observe whether PBX1 did effects on dopaminergic neuron via FOXA1. PBX1 attenuates 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell injury and oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Its overexpression ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction in dopaminergic neurons and upregulates the expression of PINK1/parkin. PBX1 could combine with FOXA1 and affects 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuronal damage and regulates PINK1/PARKIN expression via FOXA1. To conclude, PBX1 attenuates 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in dopaminergic neurons, and affected PINK1/PARKIN expression via FOXA1, which indicates the great potential of the PBX1 in prevention against PD.
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20
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Ali M, Ribeiro MM, Del Sol A. Computational Methods to Identify Cell-Fate Determinants, Identity Transcription Factors, and Niche-Induced Signaling Pathways for Stem Cell Research. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2471:83-109. [PMID: 35175592 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2193-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale development of high-throughput sequencing technologies has not only allowed the generation of reliable omics data related to various regulatory layers but also the development of novel computational models in the field of stem cell research. These computational approaches have enabled the disentangling of a complex interplay between these interrelated layers of regulation by interpreting large quantities of biomedical data in a systematic way. In the context of stem cell research, network modeling of complex gene-gene interactions has been successfully used for understanding the mechanisms underlying stem cell differentiation and cellular conversion. Notably, it has proven helpful for predicting cell-fate determinants and signaling molecules controlling such processes. This chapter will provide an overview of various computational approaches that rely on single-cell and/or bulk RNA sequencing data for elucidating the molecular underpinnings of cell subpopulation identities, lineage specification, and the process of cell-fate decisions. Furthermore, we discuss how these computational methods provide the right framework for computational modeling of biological systems in order to address long-standing challenges in the stem cell field by guiding experimental efforts in stem cell research and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Mariana Messias Ribeiro
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Antonio Del Sol
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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21
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Lau CI, Rowell J, Yanez DC, Solanki A, Ross S, Ono M, Crompton T. The pioneer transcription factors Foxa1 and Foxa2 regulate alternative RNA splicing during thymocyte positive selection. Development 2021; 148:dev199754. [PMID: 34323272 PMCID: PMC8353164 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
During positive selection at the transition from CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) to single-positive (SP) thymocyte, TCR signalling results in appropriate MHC restriction and signals for survival and progression. We show that the pioneer transcription factors Foxa1 and Foxa2 are required to regulate RNA splicing during positive selection of mouse T cells and that Foxa1 and Foxa2 have overlapping/compensatory roles. Conditional deletion of both Foxa1 and Foxa2 from DP thymocytes reduced positive selection and development of CD4SP, CD8SP and peripheral naïve CD4+ T cells. Foxa1 and Foxa2 regulated the expression of many genes encoding splicing factors and regulators, including Mbnl1, H1f0, Sf3b1, Hnrnpa1, Rnpc3, Prpf4b, Prpf40b and Snrpd3. Within the positively selecting CD69+DP cells, alternative RNA splicing was dysregulated in the double Foxa1/Foxa2 conditional knockout, leading to >850 differentially used exons. Many genes important for this stage of T-cell development (Ikzf1-3, Ptprc, Stat5a, Stat5b, Cd28, Tcf7) and splicing factors (Hnrnpab, Hnrnpa2b1, Hnrnpu, Hnrnpul1, Prpf8) showed multiple differentially used exons. Thus, Foxa1 and Foxa2 are required during positive selection to regulate alternative splicing of genes essential for T-cell development, and, by also regulating splicing of splicing factors, they exert widespread control of alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-In Lau
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Jasmine Rowell
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Diana C. Yanez
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Anisha Solanki
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Susan Ross
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tessa Crompton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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22
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Bell S, McCarty V, Peng H, Jefri M, Hettige N, Antonyan L, Crapper L, O'Leary LA, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wu H, Sutcliffe D, Kolobova I, Rosenberger TA, Moquin L, Gratton A, Popic J, Gantois I, Stumpf PS, Schuppert AA, Mechawar N, Sonenberg N, Tremblay ML, Jinnah HA, Ernst C. Lesch-Nyhan disease causes impaired energy metabolism and reduced developmental potential in midbrain dopaminergic cells. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1749-1762. [PMID: 34214487 PMCID: PMC8282463 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in HPRT1, a gene encoding a rate-limiting enzyme for purine salvage, cause Lesch-Nyhan disease which is characterized by self-injury and motor impairments. We leveraged stem cell and genetic engineering technologies to model the disease in isogenic and patient-derived forebrain and midbrain cell types. Dopaminergic progenitor cells deficient in HPRT showed decreased intensity of all developmental cell-fate markers measured. Metabolic analyses revealed significant loss of all purine derivatives, except hypoxanthine, and impaired glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. real-time glucose tracing demonstrated increased shunting to the pentose phosphate pathway for de novo purine synthesis at the expense of ATP production. Purine depletion in dopaminergic progenitor cells resulted in loss of RHEB, impairing mTORC1 activation. These data demonstrate dopaminergic-specific effects of purine salvage deficiency and unexpectedly reveal that dopaminergic progenitor cells are programmed to a high-energy state prior to higher energy demands of terminally differentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Bell
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Frank Common Building, Room 2101.2, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Vincent McCarty
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Frank Common Building, Room 2101.2, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Huashan Peng
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Frank Common Building, Room 2101.2, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Malvin Jefri
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Frank Common Building, Room 2101.2, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Nuwan Hettige
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Frank Common Building, Room 2101.2, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Lilit Antonyan
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Frank Common Building, Room 2101.2, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Liam Crapper
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Frank Common Building, Room 2101.2, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Liam A O'Leary
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Frank Common Building, Room 2101.2, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Xin Zhang
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Frank Common Building, Room 2101.2, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Ying Zhang
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Frank Common Building, Room 2101.2, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Hanrong Wu
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Frank Common Building, Room 2101.2, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Diane Sutcliffe
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ilaria Kolobova
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Frank Common Building, Room 2101.2, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Thad A Rosenberger
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Luc Moquin
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Frank Common Building, Room 2101.2, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Alain Gratton
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Frank Common Building, Room 2101.2, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Jelena Popic
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ilse Gantois
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick S Stumpf
- Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas A Schuppert
- Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Frank Common Building, Room 2101.2, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hyder A Jinnah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carl Ernst
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Frank Common Building, Room 2101.2, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.
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23
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Lin M, Mackie PM, Shaerzadeh F, Gamble-George J, Miller DR, Martyniuk CJ, Khoshbouei H. In Parkinson's patient-derived dopamine neurons, the triplication of α-synuclein locus induces distinctive firing pattern by impeding D2 receptor autoinhibition. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:107. [PMID: 34099060 PMCID: PMC8185945 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiological changes in dopamine neurons precede their demise and contribute to the early phases of Parkinson's disease (PD). Intracellular pathological inclusions of the protein α-synuclein within dopaminergic neurons are a cardinal feature of PD, but the mechanisms by which α-synuclein contributes to dopaminergic neuron vulnerability remain unknown. The inaccessibility to diseased tissue has been a limitation in studying progression of pathophysiology prior to degeneration of dopamine neurons. To address these issues, we differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a PD patient carrying the α-synuclein triplication mutation (AST) and an unaffected first-degree relative (NAS) into dopaminergic neurons. In human-like dopamine neurons α-synuclein overexpression reduced the functional availability of D2 receptors, resulting in a stark dysregulation in firing activity, dopamine release, and neuronal morphology. We back-translated these findings into primary mouse neurons overexpressing α-synuclein and found a similar phenotype, supporting the causal role for α-synuclein. Importantly, application of D2 receptor agonist, quinpirole, restored the altered firing activity of AST-derived dopaminergic neurons to normal levels. These results provide novel insights into the pre-degenerative pathophysiological neuro-phenotype induced by α-synuclein overexpression and introduce a potential mechanism for the long-established clinical efficacy of D2 receptor agonists in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Phillip M Mackie
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Fatima Shaerzadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | | | - Douglas R Miller
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Chris J Martyniuk
- Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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24
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Toledo EM, Yang S, Gyllborg D, van Wijk KE, Sinha I, Varas-Godoy M, Grigsby CL, Lönnerberg P, Islam S, Steffensen KR, Linnarsson S, Arenas E. Srebf1 Controls Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurogenesis. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107601. [PMID: 32375051 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) and their ligands are potent regulators of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurogenesis and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which LXRs control these functions remain to be elucidated. Here, we perform a combined transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis of midbrain cells after LXR activation, followed by bioinformatic analysis to elucidate the transcriptional networks controlling mDA neurogenesis. Our results identify the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) as part of a cluster of proneural transcription factors in radial glia and as a regulator of transcription factors controlling mDA neurogenesis, such as Foxa2. Moreover, loss- and gain-of-function experiments in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that Srebf1 is both required and sufficient for mDA neurogenesis. Our data, thus, identify Srebf1 as a central player in mDA neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique M Toledo
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shanzheng Yang
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Gyllborg
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim E van Wijk
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher L Grigsby
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Biomaterials, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Lönnerberg
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saiful Islam
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Knut R Steffensen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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25
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Piao J, Zabierowski S, Dubose BN, Hill EJ, Navare M, Claros N, Rosen S, Ramnarine K, Horn C, Fredrickson C, Wong K, Safford B, Kriks S, El Maarouf A, Rutishauser U, Henchcliffe C, Wang Y, Riviere I, Mann S, Bermudez V, Irion S, Studer L, Tomishima M, Tabar V. Preclinical Efficacy and Safety of a Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Midbrain Dopamine Progenitor Product, MSK-DA01. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:217-229.e7. [PMID: 33545080 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra leading to disabling deficits. Dopamine neuron grafts may provide a significant therapeutic advance over current therapies. We have generated midbrain dopamine neurons from human embryonic stem cells and manufactured large-scale cryopreserved dopamine progenitors for clinical use. After optimizing cell survival and phenotypes in short-term studies, the cell product, MSK-DA01, was subjected to an extensive set of biodistribution, toxicity, and tumorigenicity assessments in mice under GLP conditions. A large-scale efficacy study was also performed in rats with the same lot of cells intended for potential human use and demonstrated survival of the grafted cells and behavioral amelioration in 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats. There were no adverse effects attributable to the grafted cells, no obvious distribution outside the brain, and no cell overgrowth or tumor formation, thus paving the way for a future clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Piao
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Susan Zabierowski
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brittany N Dubose
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ellen J Hill
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Monalisa Navare
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nidia Claros
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Siera Rosen
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kiran Ramnarine
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Callie Horn
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Craig Fredrickson
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Karen Wong
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brent Safford
- Center of Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sonja Kriks
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Abderrahman El Maarouf
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Urs Rutishauser
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Claire Henchcliffe
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yongzeng Wang
- Center of Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Isabelle Riviere
- Center of Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shannon Mann
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vladimir Bermudez
- Center of Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stefan Irion
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Mark Tomishima
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Viviane Tabar
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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26
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Adhya D, Swarup V, Nagy R, Dutan L, Shum C, Valencia-Alarcón EP, Jozwik KM, Mendez MA, Horder J, Loth E, Nowosiad P, Lee I, Skuse D, Flinter FA, Murphy D, McAlonan G, Geschwind DH, Price J, Carroll J, Srivastava DP, Baron-Cohen S. Atypical Neurogenesis in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells From Autistic Individuals. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:486-496. [PMID: 32826066 PMCID: PMC7843956 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism is a heterogeneous collection of disorders with a complex molecular underpinning. Evidence from postmortem brain studies have indicated that early prenatal development may be altered in autism. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from individuals with autism with macrocephaly also indicate prenatal development as a critical period for this condition. But little is known about early altered cellular events during prenatal stages in autism. METHODS iPSCs were generated from 9 unrelated individuals with autism without macrocephaly and with heterogeneous genetic backgrounds, and 6 typically developing control individuals. iPSCs were differentiated toward either cortical or midbrain fates. Gene expression and high throughput cellular phenotyping was used to characterize iPSCs at different stages of differentiation. RESULTS A subset of autism-iPSC cortical neurons were RNA-sequenced to reveal autism-specific signatures similar to postmortem brain studies, indicating a potential common biological mechanism. Autism-iPSCs differentiated toward a cortical fate displayed impairments in the ability to self-form into neural rosettes. In addition, autism-iPSCs demonstrated significant differences in rate of cell type assignment of cortical precursors and dorsal and ventral forebrain precursors. These cellular phenotypes occurred in the absence of alterations in cell proliferation during cortical differentiation, differing from previous studies. Acquisition of cell fate during midbrain differentiation was not different between control- and autism-iPSCs. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data indicate that autism-iPSCs diverge from control-iPSCs at a cellular level during early stage of neurodevelopment. This suggests that unique developmental differences associated with autism may be established at early prenatal stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwaipayan Adhya
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vivek Swarup
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Roland Nagy
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Dutan
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carole Shum
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva P Valencia-Alarcón
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maria Andreina Mendez
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Horder
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Loth
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paulina Nowosiad
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Lee
- Behavioural and Brain Sciences Unit, Population Policy Practice Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Skuse
- Behavioural and Brain Sciences Unit, Population Policy Practice Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances A Flinter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Declan Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Grainne McAlonan
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jack Price
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak P Srivastava
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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27
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Jerber J, Seaton DD, Cuomo ASE, Kumasaka N, Haldane J, Steer J, Patel M, Pearce D, Andersson M, Bonder MJ, Mountjoy E, Ghoussaini M, Lancaster MA, Marioni JC, Merkle FT, Gaffney DJ, Stegle O. Population-scale single-cell RNA-seq profiling across dopaminergic neuron differentiation. Nat Genet 2021; 53:304-312. [PMID: 33664506 PMCID: PMC7610897 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Studying the function of common genetic variants in primary human tissues and during development is challenging. To address this, we use an efficient multiplexing strategy to differentiate 215 human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines toward a midbrain neural fate, including dopaminergic neurons, and use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile over 1 million cells across three differentiation time points. The proportion of neurons produced by each cell line is highly reproducible and is predictable by robust molecular markers expressed in pluripotent cells. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) were characterized at different stages of neuronal development and in response to rotenone-induced oxidative stress. Of these, 1,284 eQTL colocalize with known neurological trait risk loci, and 46% are not found in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) catalog. Our study illustrates how coupling scRNA-seq with long-term iPSC differentiation enables mechanistic studies of human trait-associated genetic variants in otherwise inaccessible cell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Jerber
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel D Seaton
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna S E Cuomo
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Natsuhiko Kumasaka
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Haldane
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juliette Steer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Minal Patel
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Pearce
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Malin Andersson
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marc Jan Bonder
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ed Mountjoy
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maya Ghoussaini
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - John C Marioni
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Florian T Merkle
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Daniel J Gaffney
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Oliver Stegle
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Niu Y, Moghimyfiroozabad S, Moghimyfiroozabad A, Tierney TS, Alavian KN. The factors for the early and late development of midbrain dopaminergic neurons segregate into two distinct evolutionary clusters. BRAIN DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2021.100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Zhang Y, Shao W, Wu J, Huang S, Yang H, Luo Z, Zheng F, Wang YL, Cai P, Guo Z, Wu S, Li H. Inflammatory lncRNA AK039862 regulates paraquat-inhibited proliferation and migration of microglial and neuronal cells through the Pafah1b1/Foxa1 pathway in co-culture environments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111424. [PMID: 33120262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidences having suggested that particular lncRNAs have a potential effect on PD progression through provoking damage and inflammatory responses of microglia/ dopaminergic cells. In addition, paraquat can be accumulated in human body through various approaches and have an increased risk for Parkinson's disease. However, the specific role and mechanism of lncRNA related to neurotoxic in the progression of PD is unclear. In our study, a mouse PD model was established induced by the intraperitoneal injection of paraquat (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) every three days (10 times). We determined differential expression of lncRNA AK039862 and its potential targeted genes Pafah1b1/Foxa1 in PD mouse model, then we used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to visualize the cellular distribution of AK039862. Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and overexpression plasmids were designed for knockdown or overexpression of AK039862. To simulate the coexisting dopaminergic cells and microglia cells in vitro, we applied several non-contact co-culture models, including conditioned medium and Transwell co-culture systems. Cytotoxicity of PQ was evaluated using bv2 cells with the concentrations: 30, 60 μM, and mn9d cells with the concentrations: 50, 100 μM. As a result, we depicted multiple interesting individual and interactive features of inflammatory lncRNA AK039862 involved in PQ-induced cellular functional effects. First, we detected that AK039862 contributed to the neuronal injury process in PQ-treated mice and co-localization of AK039862 with dopaminergic cells in vivo. And interestingly, we demonstrated that PQ significantly inhibited microglia and dopaminergic cells proliferation and microglia migration in vitro. Further research indicated that the PQ-induced low expression of AK039862 rescued microglia proliferation and migration inhibition via the AK039862/Pafah1b1/Foxa1 pathway. Meanwhile, AK039862 also participated in the interaction between microglia and dopaminergic cells with PQ treatment in non-contact co-culture models. In summary, we found that PQ inhibited the proliferation and migration of microglial cells, and elucidated AK039862 played a key role in PQ-induced neuroinflammatory damage through Pafah1b1/Foxa1. Finally, inflammatory AK039862 is involved in the complex communication between microglia and dopaminergic cells in the environment of PQ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Wenya Shao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Jingwen Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Shouxiong Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States.
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Zhousong Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Fuli Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Yuan-Liang Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Zhenkun Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Siying Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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Iyer H, Wahul AB, P K A, Sawant BS, Kumar A. A BRD's (BiRD's) eye view of BET and BRPF bromodomains in neurological diseases. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:403-426. [PMID: 33661583 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders (NLDs) are among the top leading causes for disability worldwide. Dramatic changes in the epigenetic topography of the brain and nervous system have been found in many NLDs. Histone lysine acetylation has prevailed as one of the well characterised epigenetic modifications in these diseases. Two instrumental components of the acetylation machinery are the evolutionarily conserved Bromodomain and PHD finger containing (BRPF) and Bromo and Extra terminal domain (BET) family of proteins, also referred to as acetylation 'readers'. Several reasons, including their distinct mechanisms of modulation of gene expression and their property of being highly tractable small molecule targets, have increased their translational relevance. Thus, compounds which demonstrated promising results in targeting these proteins have advanced to clinical trials. They have been established as key role players in pathologies of cancer, cardiac diseases, renal diseases and rheumatic diseases. In addition, studies implicating the role of these bromodomains in NLDs are gaining pace. In this review, we highlight the findings of these studies, and reason for the plausible roles of all BET and BRPF members in NLDs. A comprehensive understanding of their multifaceted functions would be radical in the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Iyer
- Epigenetics and Neuropsychiatric Disorders' Laboratory, CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad500007, India
| | - Abhipradnya B Wahul
- Epigenetics and Neuropsychiatric Disorders' Laboratory, CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad500007, India
| | - Annapoorna P K
- Epigenetics and Neuropsychiatric Disorders' Laboratory, CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
| | - Bharvi S Sawant
- Epigenetics and Neuropsychiatric Disorders' Laboratory, CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad500007, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Epigenetics and Neuropsychiatric Disorders' Laboratory, CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
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31
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Patel AS, Yoo S, Kong R, Sato T, Sinha A, Karam S, Bao L, Fridrikh M, Emoto K, Nudelman G, Powell CA, Beasley MB, Zhu J, Watanabe H. Prototypical oncogene family Myc defines unappreciated distinct lineage states of small cell lung cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/5/eabc2578. [PMID: 33514539 PMCID: PMC7846160 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc2578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive genomic analyses of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) have revealed frequent mutually exclusive genomic amplification of MYC family members. Hence, it has been long suggested that they are functionally equivalent; however, more recently, their expression has been associated with specific neuroendocrine markers and distinct histopathology. Here, we explored a previously undescribed role of L-Myc and c-Myc as lineage-determining factors contributing to SCLC molecular subtypes and histology. Integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses showed that L-Myc and c-Myc impart neuronal and non-neuroendocrine-associated transcriptional programs, respectively, both associated with distinct SCLC lineage. Genetic replacement of c-Myc with L-Myc in c-Myc-SCLC induced a neuronal state but was insufficient to induce ASCL1-SCLC. In contrast, c-Myc induced transition from ASCL1-SCLC to NEUROD1-SCLC characterized by distinct large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma-like histopathology. Collectively, we characterize a role of historically defined general oncogenes, c-Myc and L-Myc, for regulating lineage plasticity across molecular and histological subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi S Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Seungyeul Yoo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT 06902, USA
| | - Ranran Kong
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Takashi Sato
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Abhilasha Sinha
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sarah Karam
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Li Bao
- Ningxia People's Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia Province 750001, China
| | - Maya Fridrikh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Katsura Emoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - German Nudelman
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Charles A Powell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mary Beth Beasley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT 06902, USA
| | - Hideo Watanabe
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Jin T, Gu J, Xia H, Chen H, Xu X, Li Z, Yue Y, Gui Y. Differential Expression of microRNA Profiles and Wnt Signals in Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes During Dopaminergic Neuron Differentiation. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:2143-2153. [PMID: 33064572 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of secreted exosomes during dopaminergic (DA) neuron differentiation is still unknown. To investigate the roles of exosomes in DA neuron fate specification, we profiled exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) during DA neuron differentiation of epiblast-derived stem cells (EpiSCs). There were 26 miRNAs differentially expressed (relative fold >2, p < 0.05) in EpiSC-derived exosomes at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 days of DA epiblast differentiation. Among them, 23 exosomic miRNAs were significantly increased, including miR-124, miR-132, miR-133b, miR-218, miR-9, miR-34b, miR-34c, and miR-135a2, while three exosomic miRNAs (miR-214, miR-7a, and miR-302b) were decreased, when compared with control samples. Bioinformatics analysis by DIANA-mirPath demonstrated that extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells, FoxO signaling pathway, DA synapse, Wnt signaling pathway, GABAergic synapse, and neurotrophin signaling pathway were significantly enriched in DA differentiation-related miRNA signature (all p-values <0.012). Furthermore, messenger RNAs for nine DA neuronal markers tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), Nr4a2, Pitx3, Drd1a, Lmx1a, Lmx1b, Foxa1, Dmrt5, and Slc18a2 were significantly increased expressed over time in exosomes derived from differentiated EpiSCs. Interestingly, adding with exosomes derived from EpiSC induction experiment resulted in a twofold increase of TH-positive neurons production (35% vs. 17%, p < 0.01) during DA neuronal differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). In summary, our results suggested exosomal miRNAs are potential regulators of DA neuron differentiation. More importantly, EpiSC-derived exosomes could promote the generation of DA neuron differentiation from ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jin
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Gu
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Xia
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongshan Li
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yumei Yue
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaxing Gui
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Pascale E, Divisato G, Palladino R, Auriemma M, Ngalya EF, Caiazzo M. Noncoding RNAs and Midbrain DA Neurons: Novel Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in Health and Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091269. [PMID: 32899172 PMCID: PMC7563414 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine neurons have crucial functions in motor and emotional control and their degeneration leads to several neurological dysfunctions such as Parkinson’s disease, addiction, depression, schizophrenia, and others. Despite advances in the understanding of specific altered proteins and coding genes, little is known about cumulative changes in the transcriptional landscape of noncoding genes in midbrain dopamine neurons. Noncoding RNAs—specifically microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs—are emerging as crucial post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in the brain. The identification of noncoding RNA networks underlying all stages of dopamine neuron development and plasticity is an essential step to deeply understand their physiological role and also their involvement in the etiology of dopaminergic diseases. Here, we provide an update about noncoding RNAs involved in dopaminergic development and metabolism, and the related evidence of these biomolecules for applications in potential treatments for dopaminergic neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Pascale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (G.D.); (R.P.); (M.A.); (E.F.N.)
| | - Giuseppina Divisato
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (G.D.); (R.P.); (M.A.); (E.F.N.)
| | - Renata Palladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (G.D.); (R.P.); (M.A.); (E.F.N.)
| | - Margherita Auriemma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (G.D.); (R.P.); (M.A.); (E.F.N.)
| | - Edward Faustine Ngalya
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (G.D.); (R.P.); (M.A.); (E.F.N.)
| | - Massimiliano Caiazzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (G.D.); (R.P.); (M.A.); (E.F.N.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Stoye NM, Dos Santos Guilherme M, Endres K. Alzheimer's disease in the gut-Major changes in the gut of 5xFAD model mice with ApoA1 as potential key player. FASEB J 2020; 34:11883-11899. [PMID: 32681583 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903128rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects around 33 million people worldwide, which makes it the most prominent form of dementia. The main focus of AD research has been on the central nervous system (CNS) for long, but in recent years, the gut gained more attention. The intestinal tract is innervated by the enteric nervous system (ENS), built of numerous different types of neurons showing great similarity to neurons of the CNS. It already has been demonstrated that the amyloid precursor protein, which plays a major role in AD pathology, is also expressed in these cells. We analyzed gut tissue of AD model mice (5xFAD) and the respective wild-type littermates at different pathological stages: pre-pathological, early pathological and late pathological. Our results show significant difference in function of the intestine of 5xFAD mice as compared to wild-type mice. Using a pathway array detecting 84 AD-related gene products, we found ApoA1 expression significantly altered in colon tissue of 5xFAD mice. Furthermore, we unveil ApoA1's beneficial impact on cell viability and calcium homeostasis of cultured enteric neurons of 5xFAD animals. With this study, we demonstrate that the intestine is altered in AD-like pathology and that ApoA1 might be one key player within the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai M Stoye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Malena Dos Santos Guilherme
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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Ásgrímsdóttir ES, Arenas E. Midbrain Dopaminergic Neuron Development at the Single Cell Level: In vivo and in Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:463. [PMID: 32733875 PMCID: PMC7357704 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that predominantly affects dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra. Current treatment options for PD are symptomatic and typically involve the replacement of DA neurotransmission by DA drugs, which relieve the patients of some of their motor symptoms. However, by the time of diagnosis, patients have already lost about 70% of their substantia nigra DA neurons and these drugs offer only temporary relief. Therefore, cell replacement therapy has garnered much interest as a potential treatment option for PD. Early studies using human fetal tissue for transplantation in PD patients provided proof of principle for cell replacement therapy, but they also highlighted the ethical and practical difficulties associated with using human fetal tissue as a cell source. In recent years, advancements in stem cell research have made human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) an attractive source of material for cell replacement therapy. Studies on how DA neurons are specified and differentiated in the developing mouse midbrain have allowed us to recapitulate many of the positional and temporal cues needed to generate DA neurons in vitro. However, little is known about the developmental programs that govern human DA neuron development. With the advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bioinformatics, it has become possible to analyze precious human samples with unprecedented detail and extract valuable high-quality information from large data sets. This technology has allowed the systematic classification of cell types present in the human developing midbrain along with their gene expression patterns. By studying human development in such an unbiased manner, we can begin to elucidate human DA neuron development and determine how much it differs from our knowledge of the rodent brain. Importantly, this molecular description of the function of human cells has become and will increasingly be a reference to define, evaluate, and engineer cell types for PD cell replacement therapy and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Development and Differentiation of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neuron: From Bench to Bedside. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061489. [PMID: 32570916 PMCID: PMC7349799 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the motor system. It is primarily due to substantial loss of midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and to decreased innervation to the striatum. Although existing drug therapy available can relieve the symptoms in early-stage PD patients, it cannot reverse the pathogenic progression of PD. Thus, regenerating functional mDA neurons in PD patients may be a cure to the disease. The proof-of-principle clinical trials showed that human fetal graft-derived mDA neurons could restore the release of dopamine neurotransmitters, could reinnervate the striatum, and could alleviate clinical symptoms in PD patients. The invention of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), autologous source of neural progenitors with less ethical consideration, and risk of graft rejection can now be generated in vitro. This advancement also prompts extensive research to decipher important developmental signaling in differentiation, which is key to successful in vitro production of functional mDA neurons and the enabler of mass manufacturing of the cells required for clinical applications. In this review, we summarize the biology and signaling involved in the development of mDA neurons and the current progress and methodology in driving efficient mDA neuron differentiation from pluripotent stem cells.
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Molecular Regulation in Dopaminergic Neuron Development. Cues to Unveil Molecular Pathogenesis and Pharmacological Targets of Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113995. [PMID: 32503161 PMCID: PMC7312927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relatively few dopaminergic neurons in the mammalian brain are mostly located in the midbrain and regulate many important neural functions, including motor integration, cognition, emotive behaviors and reward. Therefore, alteration of their function or degeneration leads to severe neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Unraveling the mechanisms of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) phenotype induction and maturation and elucidating the role of the gene network involved in the development and maintenance of these neurons is of pivotal importance to rescue or substitute these cells in order to restore dopaminergic functions. Recently, in addition to morphogens and transcription factors, microRNAs have been identified as critical players to confer mDA identity. The elucidation of the gene network involved in mDA neuron development and function will be crucial to identify early changes of mDA neurons that occur in pre-symptomatic pathological conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease. In addition, it can help to identify targets for new therapies and for cell reprogramming into mDA neurons. In this essay, we review the cascade of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation that confers mDA identity and regulates their functions. Additionally, we highlight certain mechanisms that offer important clues to unveil molecular pathogenesis of mDA neuron dysfunction and potential pharmacological targets for the treatment of mDA neuron dysfunction.
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Paranjapye A, Mutolo MJ, Ebron JS, Leir SH, Harris A. The FOXA1 transcriptional network coordinates key functions of primary human airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L126-L136. [PMID: 32432922 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00023.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiated functions of the human airway epithelium are coordinated by a complex network of transcription factors. These include the pioneer factors Forkhead box A1 and A2 (FOXA1 and FOXA2), which are well studied in several tissues, but their role in airway epithelial cells is poorly characterized. Here, we define the cistrome of FOXA1 and FOXA2 in primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells by chromatin immunoprecipitation with deep-sequencing (ChIP-seq). Next, siRNA-mediated depletion of each factor is used to investigate their transcriptome by RNA-seq. We found that, as predicted from their DNA-binding motifs, genome-wide occupancy of the two factors showed substantial overlap; however, their global impact on gene expression differed. FOXA1 is an abundant transcript in HBE cells, while FOXA2 is expressed at low levels, and both these factors likely exhibit autoregulation and cross-regulation. FOXA1 regulated loci are involved in cell adhesion and the maintenance of epithelial cell identity, particularly through repression of genes associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). FOXA1 also directly targets other transcription factors with a known role in the airway epithelium such as SAM-pointed domain-containing Ets-like factor (SPDEF). The intersection of the cistrome and transcriptome for FOXA1 revealed enrichment of genes involved in epithelial development and tissue morphogenesis. Moreover, depletion of FOXA1 was shown to reduce the transepithelial resistance of HBE cells, confirming the role of this factor in maintaining epithelial barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alekh Paranjapye
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michael J Mutolo
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jey Sabith Ebron
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shih-Hsing Leir
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Plastrum Testudinis Extracts Promote NSC Differentiation into Dopaminergic Neuron by Regulating the Interaction of TET1 and FoxA2. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9104135. [PMID: 32382312 PMCID: PMC7189310 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9104135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, stem cells have gained much attention for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, inducing neural stem cell directionally differentiation is a difficult problem in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) by stem cell therapy. Plastrum Testudinis (PT) can enhance the number of TH-positive neurons in the PD rat brain substantia nigra, but the underlying mechanism has not been clarified. Here, we aimed at further investigating the mechanism by which PT can promote NSC differentiation into dopaminergic neurons. A rat model of PD was used for detecting the effect of PT on the rat brain substantia nigra in vivo. The results showed the expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and TET1 enzyme were increased after treatment with PT. Consequently, Plastrum Testudinis extracts (PTEs) were used for inducing NSC differentiation into dopaminergic neurons ex vivo. During differentiation of NSCs induced by PTE, TH expression was increased, with a concomitant increase in both TET1 and FoxA2. Next, we performed coimmunoprecipitation analysis to examine the interaction between TET1 protein and FoxA2 protein. Our results show that PTE can increase the binding rate of TET1 and FoxA2. Thus, our findings show that PTE can increase the efficiency of NSCs to directionally differentiate into dopaminergic neurons and provide experimental evidence for PT in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Precious SV, Smith GA, Heuer A, Jaeger I, Lane EL, Dunnett SB, Li M, Kelly CM, Rosser AE. Dopaminergic Progenitors Derived From Epiblast Stem Cells Function Similarly to Primary VM-Derived Progenitors When Transplanted Into a Parkinson's Disease Model. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:312. [PMID: 32317925 PMCID: PMC7154167 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural transplantation in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) offers to replace cells lost during the progression of the disease process. Primary fetal ventral mesencephalon (VM), the origin of bona fide midbrain dopaminergic (DAergic) precursors, is currently the gold standard source of cells for transplantation in PD. However, the use of tissue from this source raises ethical and logistical constraints necessitating the need for alternative supplies of donor cells. The requirement of any alternative donor cell source is to have the capability to generate authentic mature DAergic neurons, which could be utilized in cell-replacement strategies. Mouse pluripotent stem cells can efficiently generate electrochemically mature midbrain DAergic precursors in vitro using a stepwise control of FGF signaling. Here, we have compared DAergic transplants derived from two progenitor cell sources in an allograft system: mouse epiblast stem cells (EpiSC) and primary fetal mouse VM tissue. Cells were transplanted into the striatum of 6-OHDA lesioned mice pre-treated with L-DOPA. Drug-induced rotations, a number of motor tests and drug-induced abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) were assessed. Functional improvements were demonstrated post-transplantation in some behavioral tests, with no difference in graft volume or the number of TH immuno-positive cells in the grafts of the two transplant groups. L-DOPA-induced AIMs and amphetamine-induced AIMs were observed in both transplant groups, with no differences in rate or severity between the two groups. Collectively, in this mouse-to-mouse allograft system, we report no significant differences in the functional ability between the gold standard primary VM derived and pluripotent stem cell-derived DAergic transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie V Precious
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Gaynor A Smith
- School of Medicine, UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heuer
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ines Jaeger
- Stem Cell Neurogenesis Group, School of Medicine and Biosciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Lane
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B Dunnett
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Meng Li
- Stem Cell Neurogenesis Group, School of Medicine and Biosciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Claire M Kelly
- School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Anne E Rosser
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Wales Brain Repair and Intracranial Neurotherapeutics Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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41
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Chalazonitis A, Li Z, Pham TD, Chen J, Rao M, Lindholm P, Saarma M, Lindahl M, Gershon MD. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor is essential for enteric neuronal development, maintenance, and regulation of gastrointestinal transit. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:2420-2444. [PMID: 32154930 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is expressed in the brain and is neuroprotective. We have previously shown that CDNF is also expressed in the bowel and that its absence leads to degeneration and autophagy in the enteric nervous system (ENS), particularly in the submucosal plexus. We now demonstrate that enteric CDNF immunoreactivity is restricted to neurons (submucosal > myenteric) and is not seen in glia, interstitial cells of Cajal, or smooth muscle. Expression of CDNF, moreover, is essential for the normal development and survival of enteric dopaminergic neurons; thus, expression of the dopaminergic neuronal markers, dopamine, tyrosine hydroxylase, and dopamine transporter are deficient in the ileum of Cdnf -/- mice. The normal age-related decline in proportions of submucosal dopaminergic neurons is exacerbated in Cdnf -/- animals. The defect in Cdnf -/- animals is not dopamine-restricted; proportions of other submucosal neurons (NOS-, GABA-, and CGRP-expressing), are also deficient. The deficits in submucosal neurons are reflected functionally in delayed gastric emptying, slowed colonic motility, and prolonged total gastrointestinal transit. CDNF is expressed selectively in isolated enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCDC), which also express the dopamine-related transcription factor Foxa2. Addition of CDNF to ENCDC promotes development of dopaminergic neurons; moreover, survival of these neurons becomes CDNF-dependent after exposure to bone morphogenetic protein 4. The effects of neither glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) nor serotonin are additive with CDNF. We suggest that CDNF plays a critical role in development and long-term maintenance of dopaminergic and other sets of submucosal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alcmène Chalazonitis
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - ZhiShan Li
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Tuan D Pham
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Jason Chen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Meenakshi Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Päivi Lindholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Lindahl
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael D Gershon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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Jefri M, Bell S, Peng H, Hettige N, Maussion G, Soubannier V, Wu H, Silveira H, Theroux JF, Moquin L, Zhang X, Aouabed Z, Krishnan J, O'Leary LA, Antonyan L, Zhang Y, McCarty V, Mechawar N, Gratton A, Schuppert A, Durcan TM, Fon EA, Ernst C. Stimulation of L-type calcium channels increases tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine in ventral midbrain cells induced from somatic cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:697-712. [PMID: 32154672 PMCID: PMC7214648 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Making high‐quality dopamine (DA)‐producing cells for basic biological or small molecule screening studies is critical for the development of novel therapeutics for disorders of the ventral midbrain. Currently, many ventral midbrain assays have low signal‐to‐noise ratio due to low levels of cellular DA and the rate‐limiting enzyme of DA synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), hampering discovery efforts. Using intensively characterized ventral midbrain cells derived from human skin, which demonstrate calcium pacemaking activity and classical electrophysiological properties, we show that an L‐type calcium agonist can significantly increase TH protein levels and DA content and release. Live calcium imaging suggests that it is the immediate influx of calcium occurring simultaneously in all cells that drives this effect. Genome‐wide expression profiling suggests that L‐type calcium channel stimulation has a significant effect on specific genes related to DA synthesis and affects expression of L‐type calcium receptor subunits from the CACNA1 and CACNA2D families. Together, our findings provide an advance in the ability to increase DA and TH levels to improve the accuracy of disease modeling and small molecule screening for disorders of the ventral midbrain, including Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvin Jefri
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Scott Bell
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Huashan Peng
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nuwan Hettige
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gilles Maussion
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Soubannier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hanrong Wu
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Heika Silveira
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Theroux
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luc Moquin
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xin Zhang
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zahia Aouabed
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeyashree Krishnan
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Liam A O'Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Ying Zhang
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent McCarty
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Gratton
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andreas Schuppert
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edward A Fon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carl Ernst
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Soyal SM, Bonova P, Kwik M, Zara G, Auer S, Scharler C, Strunk D, Nofziger C, Paulmichl M, Patsch W. The Expression of CNS-Specific PPARGC1A Transcripts Is Regulated by Hypoxia and a Variable GT Repeat Polymorphism. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:752-764. [PMID: 31471878 PMCID: PMC7031416 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PPARGC1A encodes a transcriptional co-activator also termed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) which orchestrates multiple transcriptional programs. We have recently identified CNS-specific transcripts that are initiated far upstream of the reference gene (RG) promoter. The regulation of these isoforms may be relevant, as experimental and genetic studies implicated the PPARGC1A locus in neurodegenerative diseases. We therefore studied cis- and trans-regulatory elements activating the CNS promoter in comparison to the RG promoter in human neuronal cell lines. A naturally occurring variable guanidine thymidine (GT) repeat polymorphism within a microsatellite region in the proximal CNS promoter increases promoter activity in neuronal cell lines. Both the RG and the CNS promoters are activated by ESRRA, and the PGC-1α isoforms co-activate ESRRA on their own promoters suggesting an autoregulatory feedback loop. The proximal CNS, but not the RG, promoter is induced by FOXA2 and co-activated by PGC-1α resulting in robust activation. Furthermore, the CNS, but not the RG, promoter is targeted by the canonical hypoxia response involving HIF1A. Importantly, the transactivation by HIF1A is modulated by the size of the GT polymorphism. Increased expression of CNS-specific transcripts in response to hypoxia was observed in an established rat model, while RG transcripts encoding the full-length reference protein were not increased. These results suggest a role of the CNS region of the PPARGC1A locus in ischemia and warrant further studies in humans as the activity of the CNS promoter as well as its induction by hypoxia is subject to inter-individual variability due to the GT polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma M Soyal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Petra Bonova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Markus Kwik
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Greta Zara
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Simon Auer
- Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cornelia Scharler
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Markus Paulmichl
- PharmGenetix GmbH, Niederalm, 5081, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Personalized Medicine, Humanomed, 9020, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Patsch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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Yokoi R, Okabe M, Matsuda N, Odawara A, Karashima A, Suzuki I. Impact of Sleep-Wake-Associated Neuromodulators and Repetitive Low-Frequency Stimulation on Human iPSC-Derived Neurons. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:554. [PMID: 31191238 PMCID: PMC6549533 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cross-regional neurons in the brainstem, hypothalamus, and thalamus regulate the central nervous system, including the cerebral cortex, in a sleep–wake cycle-dependent manner. A characteristic brain wave, called slow wave, of about 1 Hz is observed during non-REM sleep, and the sleep homeostasis hypothesis proposes that the synaptic connection of a neural network is weakened during sleep. In the present study, in vitro human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons, we investigated the responses to the neuromodulator known to be involved in sleep–wake regulation. We also determined whether long-term depression (LTD)-like phenomena could be induced by 1 Hz low-frequency stimulation (LFS), which is within the range of the non-REM sleep slow wave. A dose-dependent increase was observed in the number of synchronized burst firings (SBFs) when 0.1–1000 nM of serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, orexin, or noradrenaline, all with increased extracellular levels during wakefulness, was administered to hiPSC-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons. The number of SBFs repeatedly increased up to 5 h after 100 nM serotonin administration, inducing a 24-h rhythm cycle. Next, in human iPSC-derived glutamate neurons, 1 Hz LFS was administered four times for 15 min every 90 min. A significant reduction in both the number of firings and SBFs was observed in the 15 min immediately after LFS. Decreased frequency of spontaneous activity and recovery over time were repeatedly observed. Furthermore, we found that LFS attenuates synaptic connections, and particularly attenuates the strong connections in the neuronal network, and does not cause uniform attenuation. These results suggest sleep–wake states can be mimicked by cyclic neuromodulator administration and show that LTD-like phenomena can be induced by LFS in vitro human iPSC-derived neurons. These results could be applied in studies on the mechanism of slow waves during sleep or in an in vitro drug efficacy evaluation depending on sleep–wake state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Yokoi
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, Japan
| | - Miho Okabe
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsuda
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aoi Odawara
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akihiro Karashima
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ikuro Suzuki
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, Japan
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45
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Chen B, Yu J, Lu L, Dong F, Zhou F, Tao X, Sun E. Upregulated forkhead-box A3 elevates the expression of forkhead-box A1 and forkhead-box A2 to promote metastasis in esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4351-4360. [PMID: 30944629 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most lethal cancers currently known. Members of the forkhead-box A (FOXA) family, including FOXA1 and FOXA2, have been reported to regulate EC progression. However, the role of FOXA3, which is another FOXA member, has not yet been investigated. In the present study, public dataset analyses and immunohistochemistry of 96 samples from patients with EC were performed to determine the potential roles of FOXA3 in EC. The results revealed that FOXA3 was significantly upregulated in EC tumor tissues and Barrett's esophagus tissues. In addition, FOXA3 upregulation was positively associated with tumor invasion, distant metastasis, tumor-node-metastasis stage and shorter overall survival in patients with EC, and multivariate analysis identified FOXA3 as an independent prognostic marker. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the migratory and invasive abilities of EC109 and EC9706 cell lines were inhibited following FOXA3 knockdown. Notably, FOXA3 expression levels were positively correlated with FOXA1 and FOXA2 expression levels according to The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset analysis. Furthermore, FOXA3 knockdown decreased the expression levels of FOXA1 and FOXA2 in EC109 and EC9706 cell lines. Conversely, FOXA1 or FOXA2 overexpression compensated for the effects of FOXA3 knockdown on the migratory and invasive capacities of EC cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that FOXA3 upregulation in EC cells promoted metastasis through regulation of other FOXA members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Jiegen Yu
- Department of Management Science, School of Humanities and Management, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Linming Lu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Fangyuan Dong
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Xiangxiang Tao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Entao Sun
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
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Theofilopoulos S, Abreu de Oliveira WA, Yang S, Yutuc E, Saeed A, Abdel-Khalik J, Ullgren A, Cedazo-Minguez A, Björkhem I, Wang Y, Griffiths WJ, Arenas E. 24( S),25-Epoxycholesterol and cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase ( CYP46A1) overexpression promote midbrain dopaminergic neurogenesis in vivo. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4169-4176. [PMID: 30655290 PMCID: PMC6422085 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver X receptors Lxrα/NR1H3 and Lxrβ/NR1H2 are ligand-dependent nuclear receptors critical for midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuron development. We found previously that 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol (24,25-EC), the most potent and abundant Lxr ligand in the developing mouse midbrain, promotes mDA neurogenesis in vitro In this study, we demonstrate that 24,25-EC promotes mDA neurogenesis in an Lxr-dependent manner in the developing mouse midbrain in vivo and also prevents toxicity induced by the Lxr inhibitor geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. Furthermore, using MS, we show that overexpression of human cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase (CYP46A1) increases the levels of both 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (24-HC) and 24,25-EC in the developing midbrain, resulting in a specific increase in mDA neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo, but has no effect on oculomotor or red nucleus neurogenesis. 24-HC, unlike 24,25-EC, did not affect in vitro neurogenesis, indicating that the neurogenic effect of 24,25-EC on mDA neurons is specific. Combined, our results indicate that increased levels of 24,25-EC in vivo, by intracerebroventricular delivery in WT mice or by overexpression of its biosynthetic enzyme CYP46A1, specifically promote mDA neurogenesis. We propose that increasing the levels of 24,25-EC in vivo may be a useful strategy to combat the loss of mDA neurons in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Theofilopoulos
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden, .,the Regenerative Neurobiology Laboratory, Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Willy Antoni Abreu de Oliveira
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Shanzheng Yang
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Eylan Yutuc
- the Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Saeed
- the Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 14157, Sweden, and
| | - Jonas Abdel-Khalik
- the Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Abbe Ullgren
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.,the Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 14157, Sweden
| | - Angel Cedazo-Minguez
- the Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 14157, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Björkhem
- the Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 14157, Sweden, and
| | - Yuqin Wang
- the Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - William J Griffiths
- the Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Ernest Arenas
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden,
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Kostyuchenko RP, Kozin VV, Filippova NA, Sorokina EV. FoxA expression pattern in two polychaete species, Alitta virens and Platynereis dumerilii: Examination of the conserved key regulator of the gut development from cleavage through larval life, postlarval growth, and regeneration. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:728-743. [PMID: 30566266 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND foxA orthologs are involved in various processes from embryo patterning to regulation of metabolism. Since foxA conserved role in the development of the gut of errant annelids has never been thoroughly studied, we used a candidate gene approach to unravel the molecular profile of the alimentary canal in two closely related nereid worms with a trochophore-type lecithotrophic larva. RESULTS The character of foxA expression in the two polychaetes was similar but not identical. The genes were successively activated first in blastoporal cells, then in the stomodeum, the midgut, and hindgut primordia, and in the cells of central and peripheral nervous system. Before the start of active feeding of nectochaetes, we observed a short phase of foxA expression in the entire digestive tract. After amputation of posterior segments, foxA expression was established de novo in the new terminal part of the intestine, and then in the developing hindgut and the anus. CONCLUSIONS We discovered an early marker of endoderm formation previously unknown in errant annelids. Its expression dynamics provided valuable insights into the gut development. Comparative analysis of foxA activity suggests its primary role in gastrulation morphogenesis independently of its type and in midgut and foregut specification. Developmental Dynamics 248:728-743, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman P Kostyuchenko
- Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vitaly V Kozin
- Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nadezhda A Filippova
- Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Sorokina
- Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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48
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Di Nardo AA, Fuchs J, Joshi RL, Moya KL, Prochiantz A. The Physiology of Homeoprotein Transduction. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:1943-1982. [PMID: 30067157 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeoprotein family comprises ~300 transcription factors and was long seen as primarily involved in developmental programs through cell autonomous regulation. However, recent evidence reveals that many of these factors are also expressed in the adult where they exert physiological functions not yet fully deciphered. Furthermore, the DNA-binding domain of most homeoproteins contains two signal sequences allowing their secretion and internalization, thus intercellular transfer. This review focuses on this new-found signaling in cell migration, axon guidance, and cerebral cortex physiological homeostasis and speculates on how it may play important roles in early arealization of the neuroepithelium. It also describes the use of homeoproteins as therapeutic proteins in mouse models of diseases affecting the central nervous system, in particular Parkinson disease and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Di Nardo
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University , Paris , France
| | - Julia Fuchs
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University , Paris , France
| | - Rajiv L Joshi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University , Paris , France
| | - Kenneth L Moya
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University , Paris , France
| | - Alain Prochiantz
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University , Paris , France
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49
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Ma K, Deng X, Xia X, Fan Z, Qi X, Wang Y, Li Y, Ma Y, Chen Q, Peng H, Ding J, Li C, Huang Y, Tian C, Zheng JC. Direct conversion of mouse astrocytes into neural progenitor cells and specific lineages of neurons. Transl Neurodegener 2018; 7:29. [PMID: 30410751 PMCID: PMC6217767 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell replacement therapy has been envisioned as a promising treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Due to the ethical concerns of ESCs-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and tumorigenic potential of iPSCs, reprogramming of somatic cells directly into multipotent NPCs has emerged as a preferred approach for cell transplantation. Methods Mouse astrocytes were reprogrammed into NPCs by the overexpression of transcription factors (TFs) Foxg1, Sox2, and Brn2. The generation of subtypes of neurons was directed by the force expression of cell-type specific TFs Lhx8 or Foxa2/Lmx1a. Results Astrocyte-derived induced NPCs (AiNPCs) share high similarities, including the expression of NPC-specific genes, DNA methylation patterns, the ability to proliferate and differentiate, with the wild type NPCs. The AiNPCs are committed to the forebrain identity and predominantly differentiated into glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal subtypes. Interestingly, additional overexpression of TFs Lhx8 and Foxa2/Lmx1a in AiNPCs promoted cholinergic and dopaminergic neuronal differentiation, respectively. Conclusions Our studies suggest that astrocytes can be converted into AiNPCs and lineage-committed AiNPCs can acquire differentiation potential of other lineages through forced expression of specific TFs. Understanding the impact of the TF sets on the reprogramming and differentiation into specific lineages of neurons will provide valuable strategies for astrocyte-based cell therapy in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangmu Ma
- 1Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072 China.,3Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5930 USA
| | - Xiaobei Deng
- 1Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Xiaohuan Xia
- 1Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Zhaohuan Fan
- 1Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Xinrui Qi
- 1Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- 1Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072 China.,3Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5930 USA
| | - Yuju Li
- 1Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072 China.,3Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5930 USA
| | - Yizhao Ma
- 1Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Qiang Chen
- 1Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072 China.,3Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5930 USA
| | - Hui Peng
- 3Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5930 USA
| | - Jianqing Ding
- 4Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Chunhong Li
- 1Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Yunlong Huang
- 1Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072 China.,3Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5930 USA
| | - Changhai Tian
- 1Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072 China.,3Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5930 USA
| | - Jialin C Zheng
- 1Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072 China.,2Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China.,3Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5930 USA.,5Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5930 USA
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50
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Lau CI, Yánez DC, Solanki A, Papaioannou E, Saldaña JI, Crompton T. Foxa1 and Foxa2 in thymic epithelial cells (TEC) regulate medullary TEC and regulatory T-cell maturation. J Autoimmun 2018; 93:131-138. [PMID: 30061015 PMCID: PMC6119767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Foxa1 and Foxa2 transcription factors are essential for mouse development. Here we show that they are expressed in thymic epithelial cells (TEC) where they regulate TEC development and function, with important consequences for T-cell development. TEC are essential for T-cell differentiation, lineage decisions and repertoire selection. Conditional deletion of Foxa1 and Foxa2 from murine TEC led to a smaller thymus with a greater proportion of TEC and a greater ratio of medullary to cortical TEC. Cell-surface MHCI expression was increased on cortical TEC in the conditional Foxa1Foxa2 knockout thymus, and MHCII expression was reduced on both cortical and medullary TEC populations. These changes in TEC differentiation and MHC expression led to a significant reduction in thymocyte numbers, reduced positive selection of CD4+CD8+ cells to the CD4 lineage, and increased CD8 cell differentiation. Conditional deletion of Foxa1 and Foxa2 from TEC also caused an increase in the medullary TEC population, and increased expression of Aire, but lower cell surface MHCII expression on Aire-expressing mTEC, and increased production of regulatory T-cells. Thus, Foxa1 and Foxa2 in TEC promote positive selection of CD4SP T-cells and modulate regulatory T-cell production and activity, of importance to autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-In Lau
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Diana C Yánez
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Anisha Solanki
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Eleftheria Papaioannou
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - José Ignacio Saldaña
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, UK
| | - Tessa Crompton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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