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Liu XP, Liu CY, Feng YJ, Guo XK, Zhang LS, Wang MQ, Li YY, Zeng FR, Nolan T, Mao JJ. Male vitellogenin regulates gametogenesis through a testis-enriched big protein in Chrysopa pallens. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 33:17-28. [PMID: 37707297 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
In insects, vitellogenin (Vg) is generally viewed as a female-specific protein. Its primary function is to supply nutrition to developing embryos. Here, we reported Vg from the male adults of a natural predator, Chrysopa pallens. The male Vg was depleted by RNAi. Mating with Vg-deficient male downregulated female Vg expression, suppressed ovarian development and decreased reproductive output. Whole-organism transcriptome analysis after male Vg knockdown showed no differential expression of the known spermatogenesis-related regulators and seminal fluid protein genes, but a sharp downregulation of an unknown gene, which encodes a testis-enriched big protein (Vcsoo). Separate knockdown of male Vg and Vcsoo disturbed the assembly of spermatid cytoplasmic organelles in males and suppressed the expansion of ovary germarium in mated females. These results demonstrated that C. pallens male Vg signals through the downstream Vcsoo and regulates male and female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Yan Liu
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jiao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Kai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan-Rong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tony Nolan
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jian-Jun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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2
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Shah S, Elgizawy KK, Wu MY, Yao H, Yan WH, Li Y, Wang XP, Wu G, Yang FL. Diallyl Trisulfide Causes Male Infertility with Oligoasthenoteratospermia in Sitotroga cerealella through the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway. Cells 2023; 12:2507. [PMID: 37887351 PMCID: PMC10605923 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils extracted from plant sources along with their biologically active components may have negative effects on insects. Diallyl trisulfide (DAT) is an active component of garlic essential oil, and it exhibits multi-targeted activity against many organisms. Previously we reported that DAT induces male infertility and leads to apyrene and eupyrene sperm dysfunction in Sitotroga cerealella. In this study, we conducted an analysis of testis-specific RNA-Seq data and identified 449 downregulated genes and 60 upregulated genes in the DAT group compared to the control group. The downregulated genes were significantly enriched in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Furthermore, DAT caused a significant reduction in mRNA expression of proteasome regulatory subunit particles required for ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins as well as decreased the expression profile of proteasome core particles, including β1, β2, and β5. Sperm physiological analysis showed that DAT decreased the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome and formed aggresomes in spermatozoa. Overall, our findings suggest that DAT impairs the testis proteasome, ultimately causing male infertility characterized by oligoasthenoteratospermia due to disruption in sperm proteasome assembly in S. cerealella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakhawat Shah
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.S.); (M.-Y.W.); (W.-H.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-P.W.); (G.W.)
| | - Karam Khamis Elgizawy
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt;
| | - Meng-Ya Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.S.); (M.-Y.W.); (W.-H.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-P.W.); (G.W.)
| | - Hucheng Yao
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Wen-Han Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.S.); (M.-Y.W.); (W.-H.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-P.W.); (G.W.)
| | - Yu Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.S.); (M.-Y.W.); (W.-H.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-P.W.); (G.W.)
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.S.); (M.-Y.W.); (W.-H.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-P.W.); (G.W.)
| | - Gang Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.S.); (M.-Y.W.); (W.-H.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-P.W.); (G.W.)
| | - Feng-Lian Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.S.); (M.-Y.W.); (W.-H.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-P.W.); (G.W.)
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3
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Xia Q, Tariq K, Hahn DA, Handler AM. Sequence and expression analysis of the spermatogenesis-specific gene cognates, wampa and Prosα6T, in Drosophila suzukii. Genetica 2023:10.1007/s10709-023-00189-7. [PMID: 37300797 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-023-00189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a highly effective biologically-based method for the population suppression of highly invasive insect pests of medical and agricultural importance. The efficacy of SIT could be significantly enhanced, however, by improved methods of male sterilization that avoid the fitness costs of irradiation. An alternative sterilization method is possible by gene-editing that targets genes essential for sperm maturation and motility, rendering them nonfunctional, similar to the CRISPR-Cas9 targeting of β2-tubulin in the genetic model system, Drosophila melanogaster. However, since genetic strategies for sterility are susceptible to breakdown or resistance in mass-reared populations, alternative targets for sterility are important for redundancy or strain replacement. Here we have identified and characterized the sequence and transcriptional expression of two genes in a Florida strain of Drosophila suzukii, that are cognates of the D. melanogaster spermatocyte-specific genes wampa and Prosalpha6T. Wampa encodes a coiled-coil dynein subunit required for axonemal assembly, and the proteasome subunit gene, Prosalpha6T, is required for spermatid individualization and nuclear maturation. The reading frames of these genes differed from their NCBI database entries derived from a D. suzukii California strain by 44 and 8 nucleotide substitutions/polymorphisms, respectively, though all substitutions were synonymous resulting in identical peptide sequences. Expression of both genes is predominant in the male testis, and they share similar transcriptional profiles in adult males with β2-tubulin. Their amino acid sequences are highly conserved in dipteran species, including pest species subject to SIT control, supporting their potential use in targeted male sterilization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinwen Xia
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, USA
| | - Kaleem Tariq
- Department of Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
- Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA/ARS, Gainesville, 32608, USA
| | - Daniel A Hahn
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, USA
| | - Alfred M Handler
- Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA/ARS, Gainesville, 32608, USA.
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Li T, Ye Y, Wu P, Luo R, Zhang H, Zheng W. Proteasome β3 subunit (PSMB3) controls female reproduction by promoting ecdysteroidogenesis during sexual maturation in Bactrocera dorsalis. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 157:103959. [PMID: 37172766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) plays critical roles in reproductive development in dipterans and several other insect species. Ecdysteroidogenesis in the glands of larval or nymphal insects and other arthropods has been extensively studied, but that in the adult gonads remains largely unknown. Here we identified a proteasome β3 subunit (PSMB3) from a highly invasive pest Bactrocera dorsalis, and found that this gene was crucial for ecdysone production during female reproduction. PSMB3 was enriched in the ovary, and it was upregulated during sexual maturation. RNAi-mediated depletion of PSMB3 resulted in retarded ovarian development and decreased fecundity. Additionally, knockdown of PSMB3 reduced 20E titer in hemolymph of B. dorsalis. Molecularly, RNA sequencing and qPCR validation revealed that PSMB3 depletion suppressed the expression of 20E biosynthetic genes in the ovary and 20E responsive genes in the ovary and fat body. Furthermore, exogenous 20E rescued the inhibition of the ovarian development caused by PSMB3 depletion. Taken together, this study provides new insights into the adult reproductive development-related biological processes controlled by PSMB3, and proposed a potential eco-friendly control strategy against this notorious agricultural pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianran Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinhao Ye
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rengang Luo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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5
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Yap YT, Li W, Huang Q, Zhou Q, Zhang D, Sheng Y, Mladenovic-Lucas L, Yee SP, Orwig KE, Granneman JG, Williams DC, Hess RA, Toure A, Zhang Z. DNALI1 interacts with the MEIG1/PACRG complex within the manchette and is required for proper sperm flagellum assembly in mice. eLife 2023; 12:e79620. [PMID: 37083624 PMCID: PMC10185345 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The manchette is a transient and unique structure present in elongating spermatids and required for proper differentiation of the germ cells during spermatogenesis. Previous work indicated that the MEIG1/PACRG complex locates in the manchette and is involved in the transport of cargos, such as SPAG16L, to build the sperm flagellum. Here, using co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down approaches in various cell systems, we established that DNALI1, an axonemal component originally cloned from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, recruits and stabilizes PACRG and we confirm in vivo, the co-localization of DNALI1 and PACRG in the manchette by immunofluorescence of elongating murine spermatids. We next generated mice with a specific deficiency of DNALI1 in male germ cells, and observed a dramatic reduction of the sperm cells, which results in male infertility. In addition, we observed that the majority of the sperm cells exhibited abnormal morphology including misshapen heads, bent tails, enlarged midpiece, discontinuous accessory structure, emphasizing the importance of DNALI1 in sperm differentiation. Examination of testis histology confirmed impaired spermiogenesis in the mutant mice. Importantly, while testicular levels of MEIG1, PACRG, and SPAG16L proteins were unchanged in the Dnali1 mutant mice, their localization within the manchette was greatly affected, indicating that DNALI1 is required for the formation of the MEIG1/PACRG complex within the manchette. Interestingly, in contrast to MEIG1 and PACRG-deficient mice, the DNALI1-deficient mice also showed impaired sperm spermiation/individualization, suggesting additional functions beyond its involvement in the manchette structure. Overall, our work identifies DNALI1 as a protein required for sperm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian Yap
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - David Zhang
- College of William and MaryWilliamsburgUnited States
| | - Yi Sheng
- Molecular Genetics and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
| | - Ljljiana Mladenovic-Lucas
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Siu-Pok Yee
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonUnited States
| | - Kyle E Orwig
- Molecular Genetics and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - David C Williams
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Rex A Hess
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of IllinoisUrbanaUnited States
| | - Aminata Toure
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team Physiology and Pathophysiology of Sperm cells, Institute for Advanced BiosciencesGrenobleFrance
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State UniversityDetroitUnited States
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6
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Chen MY, Duan X, Wang Q, Ran MJ, Ai H, Zheng Y, Wang YF. Cytochrome c1-like is required for mitochondrial morphogenesis and individualization during spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:286665. [PMID: 36645102 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Drosophila testis is an excellent system for studying the process from germ stem cells to motile sperm, including the proliferation of male germ cells, meiosis of primary spermatocytes, mitochondrial morphogenesis, and spermatid individualization. We previously demonstrated that ocnus (ocn) plays an essential role in male germ cell development. Among those genes and proteins whose expression levels were changed as a result of ocn knockdown, cytochrome c1-like (cyt-c1L) was downregulated significantly. Here, we show that cyt-c1L is highly expressed in the testis of D. melanogaster. Knockdown or mutation of cyt-c1L in early germ cells of flies resulted in male sterility. Immunofluorescence staining showed that cyt-c1L knockdown testes had no defects in early spermatogenesis; however, in late stages, in contrast to many individualization complexes (ICs) composed of F-actin cones that appeared at different positions in control testes, no actin cones or ICs were observed in cyt-c1L knockdown testes. Furthermore, no mature sperm were found in the seminal vesicle of cyt-c1L knockdown testes whereas the control seminal vesicle was full of mature sperm with needle-like nuclei. cyt-c1L knockdown also caused abnormal mitochondrial morphogenesis during spermatid elongation. Excessive apoptotic signals accumulated in the base of cyt-c1L knockdown fly testes. These results suggest that cyt-c1L may play an important role in spermatogenesis by affecting the mitochondrial morphogenesis and individualization of sperm in D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Xin Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Mao-Jiu Ran
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Hui Ai
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Ya Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
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7
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Dou W, Sun B, Miao Y, Huang D, Xiao J. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing reveals Wolbachia-mediated modification in early stages of Drosophila spermatogenesis. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20221963. [PMID: 36629101 PMCID: PMC9832550 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wolbachia are the most widely distributed intracellular bacteria, and their most common effect on host phenotype is cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). A variety of models have been proposed to decipher the molecular mechanism of CI, among which the host modification (HM) model predicts that Wolbachia effectors play an important role in sperm modification. However, owing to the complexity of spermatogenesis and testicular cell-type heterogeneity, whether Wolbachia have different effects on cells at different stages of spermatogenesis or whether these effects are linked with CI remains unknown. Therefore, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to analyse gene expression profiles in adult male Drosophila testes that were infected or uninfected by Wolbachia. We found that Wolbachia significantly affected the proportion of different types of germ cells and affected multiple metabolic pathways in germ cells. Most importantly, Wolbachia had the greatest impact on germline stem cells, resulting in dysregulated expression of genes related to DNA compaction, and Wolbachia infection also influenced the histone-to-protamine transition in the late stage of sperm development. These results support the HM model and suggest that future studies on Wolbachia-induced CI should focus on cells in the early stages of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Dou
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofa Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunheng Miao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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Wang T, Cao B, Cai Y, Chen S, Wang B, Yuan Y, Zhang Q. Plcz1 Deficiency Decreased Fertility in Male Mice Which Is Associated with Sperm Quality Decline and Abnormal Cytoskeleton in Epididymis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:314. [PMID: 36613757 PMCID: PMC9820195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase C zeta1 (Plcz1) was known to be a physiological factor in sperm that activates oocytes to complete meiosis by triggering Ca2+ oscillations after fertilisation. However, the role of male Plcz1 in spermatogenesis and early embryo development in progeny has been controversial. Plcz1 knockout (Plcz1-/-) mouse model (Plcz1m3 and Plcz1m5) was generated by using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. The fertility of Plcz1-/- mice was evaluated by analysing the number of offsprings, sperm quality, pathological changes in the testis and epididymis. RNA-seq and RT-PCR were performed to screen differentially expressed genes and signalling pathways related to fertility in Plcz1-/- mice. Further mechanism was explored by using Plcz1-/- cells. Plcz1 knockout led to hypofertility in male mice. In particular, a significant time delay in development and polyspermy was found in eggs fertilized by both Plcz1m3 and Plcz1m5 sperm. Interestingly, a decline in sperm quality combined with pathological changes in epididymis was found in Plcz1m3 mice but not in Plcz1m5 mice. Notably, abnormal cytoskeleton appears in epididymis of Plcz1m3 mice and Plcz1-/- cells. Cytoskeleton damage of epididymis is involved in fertility decline of males upon Plcz1 deficiency in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
| | - Binbin Cao
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
| | - Yao Cai
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
| | - Si Chen
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
| | - Baozhu Wang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
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9
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Zong Q, Mao B, Zhang HB, Wang B, Yu WJ, Wang ZW, Wang YF. Comparative Ubiquitome Analysis Reveals Deubiquitinating Effects Induced by Wolbachia Infection in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169459. [PMID: 36012723 PMCID: PMC9409319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria frequently cause cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) in their insect hosts, where Wolbachia-infected males cross with uninfected females, leading to no or fewer progenies, indicating a paternal modification by Wolbachia. Recent studies have identified a Wolbachia protein, CidB, containing a DUB (deubiquitylating enzyme) domain, which can be loaded into host sperm nuclei and involved in CI, though the DUB activity is not necessary for CI in Drosophila melanogaster. To investigate whether and how Wolbachia affect protein ubiquitination in testes of male hosts and are thus involved in male fertility, we compared the protein and ubiquitinated protein expressions in D. melanogaster testes with and without Wolbachia. A total of 643 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 309 differentially expressed ubiquitinated proteins (DEUPs) were identified to have at least a 1.5-fold change with a p-value of <0.05. Many DEPs were enriched in metabolic pathway, ribosome, RNA transport, and post-translational protein modification pathways. Many DEUPs were involved in metabolism, ribosome, and proteasome pathways. Notably, 98.1% DEUPs were downregulated in the presence of Wolbachia. Four genes coding for DEUPs in ubiquitin proteasome pathways were knocked down, respectively, in Wolbachia-free fly testes. Among them, Rpn6 and Rpn7 knockdown caused male sterility, with no mature sperm in seminal vesicles. These results reveal deubiquitylating effects induced by Wolbachia infection, suggesting that Wolbachia can widely deubiquitinate proteins that have crucial functions in male fertility of their hosts, but are not involved in CI. Our data provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of endosymbiont/host interactions and male fertility.
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10
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Mechanisms of Sperm–Egg Interactions: What Ascidian Fertilization Research Has Taught Us. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132096. [PMID: 35805180 PMCID: PMC9265791 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fertilization is an essential process in terrestrial organisms for creating a new organism with genetic diversity. Before gamete fusion, several steps are required to achieve successful fertilization. Animal spermatozoa are first activated and attracted to the eggs by egg-derived chemoattractants. During the sperm passage of the egg’s extracellular matrix or upon the sperm binding to the proteinaceous egg coat, the sperm undergoes an acrosome reaction, an exocytosis of acrosome. In hermaphrodites such as ascidians, the self/nonself recognition process occurs when the sperm binds to the egg coat. The activated or acrosome-reacted spermatozoa penetrate through the proteinaceous egg coat. The extracellular ubiquitin–proteasome system, the astacin-like metalloproteases, and the trypsin-like proteases play key roles in this process in ascidians. In the present review, we summarize our current understanding and perspectives on gamete recognition and egg coat lysins in ascidians and consider the general mechanisms of fertilization in animals and plants.
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11
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Xiong Y, Yu C, Zhang Q. Ubiquitin-Proteasome System-Regulated Protein Degradation in Spermatogenesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061058. [PMID: 35326509 PMCID: PMC8947704 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a prolonged and highly ordered physiological process that produces haploid male germ cells through more than 40 steps and experiences dramatic morphological and cellular transformations. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays central roles in the precise control of protein homeostasis to ensure the effectiveness of certain protein groups at a given stage and the inactivation of them after this stage. Many UPS components have been demonstrated to regulate the progression of spermatogenesis at different levels. Especially in recent years, novel testis-specific proteasome isoforms have been identified to be essential and unique for spermatogenesis. In this review, we set out to discuss our current knowledge in functions of diverse USP components in mammalian spermatogenesis through: (1) the composition of proteasome isoforms at each stage of spermatogenesis; (2) the specificity of each proteasome isoform and the associated degradation events; (3) the E3 ubiquitin ligases mediating protein ubiquitination in male germ cells; and (4) the deubiquitinases involved in spermatogenesis and male fertility. Exploring the functions of UPS machineries in spermatogenesis provides a global picture of the proteome dynamics during male germ cell production and shed light on the etiology and pathogenesis of human male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiong
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, 718 East Haizhou Rd, Haining 314400, China;
| | - Chao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, 3 East Qing Chun Rd, Hangzhou 310020, China;
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qianting Zhang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, 718 East Haizhou Rd, Haining 314400, China;
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13789821134
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12
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Horard B, Terretaz K, Gosselin-Grenet AS, Sobry H, Sicard M, Landmann F, Loppin B. Paternal transmission of the Wolbachia CidB toxin underlies cytoplasmic incompatibility. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1319-1331.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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13
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Lowe DD, Montell DJ. Unconventional translation initiation factor EIF2A is required for Drosophila spermatogenesis. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:377-389. [PMID: 34278643 PMCID: PMC10885012 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND EIF2A is an unconventional translation factor required for initiation of protein synthesis from non-AUG codons from a variety of transcripts, including oncogenes and stress related transcripts in mammalian cells. Its function in multicellular organisms has not been reported. RESULTS Here, we identify and characterize mutant alleles of the CG7414 gene, which encodes the Drosophila EIF2A ortholog. We identified that CG7414 undergoes sex-specific splicing that regulates its male-specific expression. We characterized a Mi{Mic} transposon insertion that disrupts the coding regions of all predicted isoforms and is a likely null allele, and a PBac transposon insertion into an intron, which is a hypomorph. The Mi{Mic} allele is homozygous lethal, while the viable progeny from the hypomorphic PiggyBac allele are male sterile and female fertile. In dEIF2A mutant flies, sperm failed to individualize due to defects in F-actin cones and failure to form and maintain cystic bulges, ultimately leading to sterility. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that EIF2A is essential in a multicellular organism, both for normal development and spermatogenesis, and provide an entrée into the elucidation of the role of EIF2A and unconventional translation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Lowe
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Denise J Montell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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14
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Kiyozumi D, Ikawa M. Proteolysis in Reproduction: Lessons From Gene-Modified Organism Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:876370. [PMID: 35600599 PMCID: PMC9114714 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.876370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological roles of proteolysis are not limited to degrading unnecessary proteins. Proteolysis plays pivotal roles in various biological processes through cleaving peptide bonds to activate and inactivate proteins including enzymes, transcription factors, and receptors. As a wide range of cellular processes is regulated by proteolysis, abnormalities or dysregulation of such proteolytic processes therefore often cause diseases. Recent genetic studies have clarified the inclusion of proteases and protease inhibitors in various reproductive processes such as development of gonads, generation and activation of gametes, and physical interaction between gametes in various species including yeast, animals, and plants. Such studies not only clarify proteolysis-related factors but the biological processes regulated by proteolysis for successful reproduction. Here the physiological roles of proteases and proteolysis in reproduction will be reviewed based on findings using gene-modified organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Kiyozumi
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
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15
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Xia S, Ventura IM, Blaha A, Sgromo A, Han S, Izaurralde E, Long M. Rapid Gene evolution in an ancient post-transcriptional and translational regulatory system compensates for meiotic X chromosomal inactivation. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 39:6385248. [PMID: 34626117 PMCID: PMC8763131 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is conventionally assumed that conserved pathways evolve slowly with little participation of gene evolution. Nevertheless, it has been recently observed that young genes can take over fundamental functions in essential biological processes, for example, development and reproduction. It is unclear how newly duplicated genes are integrated into ancestral networks and reshape the conserved pathways of important functions. Here, we investigated origination and function of two autosomal genes that evolved recently in Drosophila: Poseidon and Zeus, which were created by RNA-based duplications from the X-linked CAF40, a subunit of the conserved CCR4–NOT deadenylase complex involved in posttranscriptional and translational regulation. Knockdown and knockout assays show that the two genes quickly evolved critically important functions in viability and male fertility. Moreover, our transcriptome analysis demonstrates that the three genes have a broad and distinct effect in the expression of hundreds of genes, with almost half of the differentially expressed genes being perturbed exclusively by one paralog, but not the others. Co-immunoprecipitation and tethering assays show that the CAF40 paralog Poseidon maintains the ability to interact with the CCR4–NOT deadenylase complex and might act in posttranscriptional mRNA regulation. The rapid gene evolution in the ancient posttranscriptional and translational regulatory system may be driven by evolution of sex chromosomes to compensate for the meiotic X chromosomal inactivation (MXCI) in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqian Xia
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Iuri M Ventura
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF, 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Andreas Blaha
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annamaria Sgromo
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shuaibo Han
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elisa Izaurralde
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manyuan Long
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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16
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Palacios V, Kimble GC, Tootle TL, Buszczak M. Importin-9 regulates chromosome segregation and packaging in Drosophila germ cells. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:237786. [PMID: 33632744 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cells undergo distinct nuclear processes as they differentiate into gametes. Although these events must be coordinated to ensure proper maturation, the stage-specific transport of proteins in and out of germ cell nuclei remains incompletely understood. Our efforts to genetically characterize Drosophila genes that exhibit enriched expression in germ cells led to the finding that loss of the highly conserved Importin β/karyopherin family member Importin-9 (Ipo9, herein referring to Ranbp9) results in female and male sterility. Immunofluorescence and fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed that Ipo9KO mutants display chromosome condensation and segregation defects during meiosis. In addition, Ipo9KO mutant males form abnormally structured sperm and fail to properly exchange histones for protamines. Ipo9 physically interacts with proteasome proteins, and Ipo9 mutant males exhibit disruption of the nuclear localization of several proteasome components. Thus, Ipo9 coordinates the nuclear import of functionally related factors necessary for the completion of gametogenesis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Palacios
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Garrett C Kimble
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Tina L Tootle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael Buszczak
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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17
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Berruti G. Destruction or Reconstruction: A Subtle Liaison between the Proteolytic and Signaling Role of Protein Ubiquitination in Spermatogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1288:215-240. [PMID: 34453739 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77779-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is one of the most diverse forms of protein post-translational modification that changes the function of the landscape of substrate proteins in response to stimuli, without the need for "de novo" protein synthesis. Ubiquitination is involved in almost all aspects of eukaryotic cell biology, from the best-studied role in promoting the removal of faulty or unnecessary proteins by the way of the ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy-lysosome pathway to the recruitment of proteins in specific non-proteolytic signaling pathways, as emerged by the more recent discoveries about the protein signature with peculiar types of ubiquitin chains. Spermatogenesis, on its own, is a complex cellular developmental process in which mitosis, meiosis, and cell differentiation coexist so to result in the continuous formation of haploid spermatozoa. Successful spermatogenesis is thus at the same time a mixed result of the precise expression and correct intracellular destination of structural proteins and enzymes, from one hand, and the fine removal by targeted degradation of unfolded or damaged proteins as well as of obsolete, outlived proteins, from the other hand. In this minireview, I will focus on the importance of the ubiquitin system all over the spermatogenic process, discussing both proteolytic and non-proteolytic functions of protein ubiquitination. Alterations in the ubiquitin system have been in fact implicated in pathologies leading to male infertility. Notwithstanding several aspects of the multifaceted world of the ubiquitin system have been clarified, the physiological meaning of the so-called ubiquitin code remains still partially elusive. The studies reviewed in this chapter provide information that could aid the investigators to pursue new promising discoveries in the understanding of human and animal reproductive potential.
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18
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Context-Dependent Tumorigenic Effect of Testis-Specific Mitochondrial Protein Tiny Tim 2 in Drosophila Somatic Epithelia. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081842. [PMID: 32781577 PMCID: PMC7465004 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have undertaken a study towards understanding the effect of ectopic expression of testis proteins in the soma in Drosophila. Here, we show that in the larval neuroepithelium, ectopic expression of the germline-specific component of the inner mitochondrial translocation complex tiny tim 2 (ttm2) brings about cell autonomous hyperplasia and extension of G2 phase. In the wing discs, cells expressing ectopic ttm2 upregulate Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling, present extended G2, become invasive, and elicit non-cell autonomous G2 extension and overgrowth of the wild-type neighboring tissue. Ectopic tomboy20, a germline-specific member of the outer mitochondrial translocation complex is also tumorigenic in wing discs. Our results demonstrate the tumorigenic potential of unscheduled expression of these two testis proteins in the soma. They also show that a unique tumorigenic event may trigger different tumor growth pathways depending on the tissular context.
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19
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Huang Q, Liu Y, Zhang S, Yap YT, Li W, Zhang D, Gardner A, Zhang L, Song S, Hess RA, Zhang Z. Autophagy core protein ATG5 is required for elongating spermatid development, sperm individualization and normal fertility in male mice. Autophagy 2020; 17:1753-1767. [PMID: 32677505 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1783822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermiogenesis is the longest phase of spermatogenesis, with dramatic morphological changes and a final step of spermiation, which involves protein degradation and the removal of excess cytoplasm; therefore, we hypothesized that macroautophagy/autophagy might be involved in the process. To test this hypothesis, we examined the function of ATG5, a core autophagy protein in male germ cell development. Floxed Atg5 and Stra8- iCre mice were crossed to conditionally inactivate Atg5 in male germ cells. In Atg5flox/flox; Stra8- iCre mutant mice, testicular expression of the autophagosome marker LC3A/B-II was significantly reduced, and expression of autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62 was significantly increased, indicating a decrease in testicular autophagy activity. The fertility of mutant mice was dramatically reduced with about 70% being infertile. Sperm counts and motility were also significantly reduced compared to controls. Histological examination of the mutant testes revealed numerous, large residual bodies in the lumen of stages after their normal resorption within the seminiferous epithelium. The cauda epididymal lumen was filled with sloughed germ cells, large cytoplasmic bodies, and spermatozoa with disorganized heads and tails. Examination of cauda epididymal sperm by electron microscopy revealed misshapen sperm heads, a discontinuous accessory structure in the mid-piece and abnormal acrosome formation and loss of sperm individualization. Immunofluorescence staining of epididymal sperm showed abnormal mitochondria and acrosome distribution in the mutant mice. ATG5 was shown to induce autophagy by mediating multiple signals to maintain normal developmental processes. Our study demonstrated ATG5 is essential for male fertility and is involved in various aspects of spermiogenesis.Abbreviations: AKAP4: a-kinase anchoring protein 4; ATG5: autophagy-related 5; ATG7: autophagy-related 7; ATG10: autophagy-related 10; ATG12: autophagy-related 12; cKO: conditional knockout; DDX4: DEAD-box helicase 4; MAP1LC3/LC3/tg8: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PIWIL2/MILI: piwi like RNA-mediated gene silencing 2; RT-PCR: reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TBC: tubulobulbar complexes; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yunhao Liu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yi Tian Yap
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - David Zhang
- School of Arts and Sciences, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Ahmad Gardner
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Detroit High School, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shizheng Song
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rex A Hess
- Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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20
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Kovács L, Nagy Á, Pál M, Deák P. Usp14 is required for spermatogenesis and ubiquitin stress responses in Drosophila melanogaster. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/2/jcs237511. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.237511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Deubiquitylating (DUB) enzymes free covalently linked ubiquitin moieties from ubiquitin–ubiquitin and ubiquitin–protein conjugates, and thereby maintain the equilibrium between free and conjugated ubiquitin moieties and regulate ubiquitin-mediated cellular processes. Here, we performed genetic analyses of mutant phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster and demonstrate that loss of Usp14 function results in male sterility, with defects in spermatid individualization and reduced testicular free monoubiquitin levels. These phenotypes were rescued by germline-specific overexpression of wild-type Usp14. Synergistic genetic interactions with Ubi-p63E and cycloheximide sensitivity suggest that ubiquitin shortage is a primary cause of male sterility. In addition, Usp14 is predominantly expressed in testes in Drosophila, indicating a higher demand for this DUB in testes that is also reflected by testis-specific loss-of-function Usp14 phenotypes. Collectively, these results suggest a major role of Usp14 in maintaining normal steady state free monoubiquitin levels during the later stages of Drosophila spermatogenesis.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Kovács
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágota Nagy
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Margit Pál
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Peter Deák
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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21
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Rathje CC, Randle SJ, Al Rawi S, Skinner BM, Nelson DE, Majumdar A, Johnson EEP, Bacon J, Vlazaki M, Affara NA, Ellis PJ, Laman H. A Conserved Requirement for Fbxo7 During Male Germ Cell Cytoplasmic Remodeling. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1278. [PMID: 31649556 PMCID: PMC6795710 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fbxo7 is the substrate-recognition subunit of an SCF-type ubiquitin E3 ligase complex. It has physiologically important functions in regulating mitophagy, proteasome activity and the cell cycle in multiple cell types, like neurons, lymphocytes and erythrocytes. Here, we show that in addition to the previously known Parkinsonian and hematopoietic phenotypes, male mice with reduced Fbxo7 expression are sterile. In these males, despite successful meiosis, nuclear elongation and eviction of histones from chromatin, the developing spermatids are phagocytosed by Sertoli cells during late spermiogenesis, as the spermatids undergo cytoplasmic remodeling. Surprisingly, despite the loss of all germ cells, there was no evidence of the symplast formation and cell sloughing that is typically associated with spermatid death in other mouse sterility models, suggesting that novel cell death and/or cell disposal mechanisms may be engaged in Fbxo7 mutant males. Mutation of the Drosophila Fbxo7 ortholog, nutcracker (ntc) also leads to sterility with germ cell death during cytoplasmic remodeling, indicating that the requirement for Fbxo7 at this stage is conserved. The ntc phenotype was attributed to decreased levels of the proteasome regulator, DmPI31 and reduced proteasome activity. Consistent with the fly model, we observe a reduction in PI31 levels in mutant mice; however, there is no alteration in proteasome activity in whole mouse testes. Our results are consistent with findings that Fbxo7 regulates PI31 protein levels, and indicates that a defect at the late stages of spermiogenesis, possibly due to faulty spatial dynamics of proteasomes during cytoplasmic remodeling, may underlie the fertility phenotype in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C Rathje
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne J Randle
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Al Rawi
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin M Skinner
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David E Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Antara Majumdar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma E P Johnson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Bacon
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Myrto Vlazaki
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nabeel A Affara
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Ellis
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Heike Laman
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
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22
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Liu K, Jones S, Minis A, Rodriguez J, Molina H, Steller H. PI31 Is an Adaptor Protein for Proteasome Transport in Axons and Required for Synaptic Development. Dev Cell 2019; 50:509-524.e10. [PMID: 31327739 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is critical for neuronal function. Neurons utilize microtubule-dependent molecular motors to allocate proteasomes to synapses, but how proteasomes are coupled to motors and how this is regulated to meet changing demand for protein breakdown remain largely unknown. We show that the conserved proteasome-binding protein PI31 serves as an adaptor to couple proteasomes with dynein light chain proteins (DYNLL1/2). The inactivation of PI31 inhibited proteasome motility in axons and disrupted synaptic proteostasis, structure, and function. Moreover, phosphorylation of PI31 by p38 MAPK enhanced binding to DYNLL1/2 and promoted the directional movement of proteasomes in axons, suggesting a mechanism to regulate loading of proteasomes onto motors. Inactivation of PI31 in mouse neurons attenuated proteasome movement in axons, indicating this process is conserved. Because mutations affecting PI31 activity are associated with human neurodegenerative diseases, impairment of PI31-mediated axonal transport of proteasomes may contribute to these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sandra Jones
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Adi Minis
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jose Rodriguez
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hermann Steller
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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23
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Han JJ, Yang X, Wang Q, Tang L, Yu F, Huang X, Wang Y, Liu JX, Xie Q. The β5 subunit is essential for intact 26S proteasome assembly to specifically promote plant autotrophic growth under salt stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:1359-1368. [PMID: 30346042 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin 26S proteasome (26SP) system efficiently degrades many key regulators of plant development. 26SP consists of two subcomplexes: the catalytic 20S core particle (CP) and the 19S regulatory particle (RP). Previous studies have focused on 19S RP; whether there is a specific subunit in 20S CP that has a stress-related biological function in plants is unclear. PBE1, one of the β5 subunits of Arabidopsis proteasome CP, is essential for the assembly and proteolytic activity of 26SP in salt-stressed seedlings. The expression of PBE1 is stress-induced. During the transition from seed germination to autotrophic growth in salt-stressed seedlings, loss of PBE1 function results specifically in arrest in developmental transition but not in germination and post-germination growth. PBE1 is also important for other types of proteasome stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress. PBE1 modulates the protein level of the transcription factor ABI5 and thereby down-regulates the expression of several genes downstream of this key regulator which are known to be essential for plant growth under stress. Collectively, our results showed PBE1-mediated intact proteasome assembly that is essential for successful autotrophic growth, and revealed how PBE1 mediated stress proteasome functions to control both proteasome activity and abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated stress signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feifei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Augière C, Lapart JA, Duteyrat JL, Cortier E, Maire C, Thomas J, Durand B. salto/CG13164 is required for sperm head morphogenesis in Drosophila. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:636-645. [PMID: 30601696 PMCID: PMC6589691 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-07-0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Producing mature spermatozoa is essential for sexual reproduction in metazoans. Spermiogenesis involves dramatic cell morphological changes going from sperm tail elongation and nuclear reshaping to cell membrane remodeling during sperm individualization and release. The sperm manchette plays a critical scaffolding function during nuclear remodeling by linking the nuclear lamina to the cytoskeleton. Here, we describe the role of an uncharacterized protein in Drosophila, salto/CG13164, involved in nuclear shaping and spermatid individualization. Salto has dynamic localization during spermatid differentiation, being progressively relocated from the sperm-nuclear dense body, which is equivalent to the mammalian sperm manchette, to the centriolar adjunct and acrosomal cap during spermiogenesis. salto-null male flies are sterile and exhibit complete spermatid individualization defects. salto-deficient spermatids show coiled spermatid nuclei at late maturation stages and stalled individualization complexes. Our work sheds light on a novel component involved in cytoskeleton-based cell-morphological changes during spermiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Augière
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-André Lapart
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Duteyrat
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Elisabeth Cortier
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Charline Maire
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Joëlle Thomas
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Bénédicte Durand
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69008 Lyon, France
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Abstract
Background The formation of matured and individual sperm involves a series of molecular and spectacular morphological changes of the developing cysts in Drosophila melanogaster testis. Recent advances in RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology help us to understand the complexity of eukaryotic transcriptomes by dissecting different tissues and developmental stages of organisms. To gain a better understanding of cellular differentiation of spermatogenesis, we applied RNA-Seq to analyse the testis-specific transcriptome, including coding and non-coding genes. Results We isolated three different parts of the wild-type testis by dissecting and cutting the different regions: 1.) the apical region, which contains stem cells and developing spermatocytes 2.) the middle region, with enrichment of meiotic cysts 3.) the basal region, which contains elongated post-meiotic cysts with spermatids. Total RNA was isolated from each region and analysed by next-generation sequencing. We collected data from the annotated 17412 Drosophila genes and identified 5381 genes with significant transcript accumulation differences between the regions, representing the main stages of spermatogenesis. We demonstrated for the first time the presence and region specific distribution of 2061 lncRNAs in testis, with 203 significant differences. Using the available modENCODE RNA-Seq data, we determined the tissue specificity indices of Drosophila genes. Combining the indices with our results, we identified genes with region-specific enrichment in testis. Conclusion By multiple analyses of our results and integrating existing knowledge about Drosophila melanogaster spermatogenesis to our dataset, we were able to describe transcript composition of different regions of Drosophila testis, including several stage-specific transcripts. We present searchable visualizations that can facilitate the identification of new components that play role in the organisation and composition of different stages of spermatogenesis, including the less known, but complex regulation of post-meiotic stages. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5085-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kovacs L, Chao-Chu J, Schneider S, Gottardo M, Tzolovsky G, Dzhindzhev NS, Riparbelli MG, Callaini G, Glover DM. Gorab is a Golgi protein required for structure and duplication of Drosophila centrioles. Nat Genet 2018; 50:1021-1031. [PMID: 29892014 PMCID: PMC6097609 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a Drosophila Golgi protein, Gorab, is present not only in the trans-Golgi but also in the centriole cartwheel where, complexed to Sas6, it is required for centriole duplication. In addition to centriole defects, flies lacking Gorab are uncoordinated due to defects in sensory cilia, which lose their nine-fold symmetry. We demonstrate the separation of centriole and Golgi functions of Drosophila Gorab in two ways: first, we have created Gorab variants that are unable to localize to trans-Golgi but can still rescue the centriole and cilia defects of gorab null flies; second, we show that expression of C-terminally tagged Gorab disrupts Golgi functions in cytokinesis of male meiosis, a dominant phenotype overcome by mutations preventing Golgi targeting. Our findings suggest that during animal evolution, a Golgi protein has arisen with a second, apparently independent, role in centriole duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Chao-Chu
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Marco Gottardo
- University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Fellow, Center for Molecular Medicine and Institute for Biochemistry of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - George Tzolovsky
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy Ltd, ZEISS Group, Cambridge, UK
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Jiang M, Gao Z, Wang J, Nurminsky DI. Evidence for a hierarchical transcriptional circuit in Drosophila male germline involving testis-specific TAF and two gene-specific transcription factors, Mod and Acj6. FEBS Lett 2017; 592:46-59. [PMID: 29235675 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To analyze transcription factors involved in gene regulation by testis-specific TAF (tTAF), tTAF-dependent promoters were mapped and analyzed in silico. Core promoters show decreased AT content, paucity of classical promoter motifs, and enrichment with translation control element CAAAATTY. Scanning of putative regulatory regions for known position frequency matrices identified 19 transcription regulators possibly contributing to tTAF-driven gene expression. Decreased male fertility associated with mutation in one of the regulators, Acj6, indicates its involvement in male reproduction. Transcriptome study of testes from male mutants for tTAF, Acj6, and previously characterized tTAF-interacting factor Modulo implies the existence of a regulatory hierarchy of tTAF, Modulo and Acj6, in which Modulo and/or Acj6 regulate one-third of tTAF-dependent genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jiang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhengliang Gao
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, China
| | - Dmitry I Nurminsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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28
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Kulichkova VA, Artamonova TO, Lyublinskaya OG, Khodorkovskii MA, Tomilin AN, Tsimokha AS. Proteomic analysis of affinity-purified extracellular proteasomes reveals exclusively 20S complexes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102134-102149. [PMID: 29254231 PMCID: PMC5731941 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome-mediated proteolysis is important for many basic cellular processes. In addition to their functions in the cell, proteasomes have been found in physiological fluids of both healthy and diseased humans including cancer patients. Higher levels of these proteasomes are associated with higher cancer burden and stage. The etiology and functions of these proteasomes, referred to as circulating, plasmatic, or extracellular proteasomes (ex-PSs), are unclear. Here we show that human cancer cell lines, as well as human endometrium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMESCs), release proteasome complexes into culture medium (CM). To define ex-PS composition, we have affinity purified them from CM conditioned by human leukemia cell line K562. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry (MS), we have identified core 20S proteasome subunits and a set of 15 proteasome-interacting proteins (PIPs), all previously described as exosome cargo proteins. Three of them, PPIase A, aldolase A, and transferrin, have never been reported as PIPs. The study provides compelling arguments that ex-PSs do not contain 19S or PA200 regulatory particles and are represented exclusively by the 20S complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana O. Artamonova
- Institute of Nanobiotechnologies, Peter the Great St-Petersburg Polytechnic University, St-Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Olga G. Lyublinskaya
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St-Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Khodorkovskii
- Institute of Nanobiotechnologies, Peter the Great St-Petersburg Polytechnic University, St-Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Alexey N. Tomilin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St-Petersburg 194064, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St-Petersburg State University, St-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Anna S. Tsimokha
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St-Petersburg 194064, Russia
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29
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Budenholzer L, Cheng CL, Li Y, Hochstrasser M. Proteasome Structure and Assembly. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:3500-3524. [PMID: 28583440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic 26S proteasome is a large multisubunit complex that degrades the majority of proteins in the cell under normal conditions. The 26S proteasome can be divided into two subcomplexes: the 19S regulatory particle and the 20S core particle. Most substrates are first covalently modified by ubiquitin, which then directs them to the proteasome. The function of the regulatory particle is to recognize, unfold, deubiquitylate, and translocate substrates into the core particle, which contains the proteolytic sites of the proteasome. Given the abundance and subunit complexity of the proteasome, the assembly of this ~2.5MDa complex must be carefully orchestrated to ensure its correct formation. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the understanding of proteasome assembly, structure, and function. Technical advances in cryo-electron microscopy have resulted in a series of atomic cryo-electron microscopy structures of both human and yeast 26S proteasomes. These structures have illuminated new intricacies and dynamics of the proteasome. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of proteasome assembly, particularly in light of recent structural information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Budenholzer
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Chin Leng Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yanjie Li
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mark Hochstrasser
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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30
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Wen K, Yang L, Xiong T, Di C, Ma D, Wu M, Xue Z, Zhang X, Long L, Zhang W, Zhang J, Bi X, Dai J, Zhang Q, Lu ZJ, Gao G. Critical roles of long noncoding RNAs in Drosophila spermatogenesis. Genome Res 2016; 26:1233-44. [PMID: 27516619 PMCID: PMC5052038 DOI: 10.1101/gr.199547.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a recently discovered class of cellular RNAs, play important roles in the regulation of many cellular developmental processes. Although lncRNAs have been systematically identified in various systems, most of them have not been functionally characterized in vivo in animal models. In this study, we identified 128 testis-specific Drosophila lncRNAs and knocked out 105 of them using an optimized three-component CRISPR/Cas9 system. Among the lncRNA knockouts, 33 (31%) exhibited a partial or complete loss of male fertility, accompanied by visual developmental defects in late spermatogenesis. In addition, six knockouts were fully or partially rescued by transgenes in a trans configuration, indicating that those lncRNAs primarily work in trans. Furthermore, gene expression profiles for five lncRNA mutants revealed that testis-specific lncRNAs regulate global gene expression, orchestrating late male germ cell differentiation. Compared with coding genes, the testis-specific lncRNAs evolved much faster. Moreover, lncRNAs of greater functional importance exhibited higher sequence conservation, suggesting that they are under constant evolutionary selection. Collectively, our results reveal critical functions of rapidly evolving testis-specific lncRNAs in late Drosophila spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Tuanlin Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao Di
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Danhui Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Menghua Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhaoyu Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuedi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Long
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaolin Bi
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Junbiao Dai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiangfeng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhi John Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guanjun Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Papaevgeniou N, Chondrogianni N. UPS Activation in the Battle Against Aging and Aggregation-Related Diseases: An Extended Review. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1449:1-70. [PMID: 27613027 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3756-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a biological process accompanied by gradual increase of damage in all cellular macromolecules, i.e., nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. When the proteostasis network (chaperones and proteolytic systems) cannot reverse the damage load due to its excess as compared to cellular repair/regeneration capacity, failure of homeostasis is established. This failure is a major hallmark of aging and/or aggregation-related diseases. Dysfunction of the major cellular proteolytic machineries, namely the proteasome and the lysosome, has been reported during the progression of aging and aggregation-prone diseases. Therefore, activation of these pathways is considered as a possible preventive or therapeutic approach against the progression of these processes. This chapter focuses on UPS activation studies in cellular and organismal models and the effects of such activation on aging, longevity and disease prevention or reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Papaevgeniou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, 11635, Greece
| | - Niki Chondrogianni
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, 11635, Greece.
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32
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Fu G, Wei Y, Wang X, Yu L. Identification of candidate causal genes and their associated pathogenic mechanisms underlying teratozoospermia based on the spermatozoa transcript profiles. Andrologia 2015; 48:576-83. [PMID: 26404029 DOI: 10.1111/and.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Teratozoospermia with unclear pathomechanism is one of the common causes for failed fertilisation. This study aimed to further explore the pathological mechanism for teratozoospermia. Spermatozoal transcript profiles generated from 13 normal fertile men and eight infertile males with a consistent severe heterogeneous teratozoospermia were used. These data were pre-processed, and differentially expressed genes were screened. Besides, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis were performed, and then, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and spermatogenesis-related genes in the PPI network were extracted. As a result, 366 up-regulated and 2158 down-regulated genes were identified. Multiple gene ontology terms and pathways including cell-cell signalling and reproduction enriched by differentially expressed genes were obtained. Moreover, four clusters including cluster 1 associated with RNA catabolic process were identified from the PPI network. In addition, genes including cyclin B1, proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 4, Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 and pituitary tumour-transforming 1 were received. In conclusion, abnormal expression of cyclin B1 and Rac GTPase-activating protein 1, still proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 4 and pituitary tumour-transforming 1 would impede cell cycle progression during sperm development and maturation, which may contribute to the occurrence and development of teratozoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - L Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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33
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Steinhauer J. Separating from the pack: Molecular mechanisms of Drosophila spermatid individualization. SPERMATOGENESIS 2015; 5:e1041345. [PMID: 26413413 PMCID: PMC4581072 DOI: 10.1080/21565562.2015.1041345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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34
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Wei D, Li HM, Yang WJ, Wei DD, Dou W, Huang Y, Wang JJ. Transcriptome profiling of the testis reveals genes involved in spermatogenesis and marker discovery in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 24:41-57. [PMID: 25255964 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The testis is a highly specialized tissue that plays a vital role in ensuring fertility by producing spermatozoa, which are transferred to the female during mating. Spermatogenesis is a complex process, resulting in the production of mature sperm, and involves significant structural and biochemical changes in the seminiferous epithelium of the adult testis. The identification of genes involved in spermatogenesis of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is critical for a better understanding of its reproductive development. In this study, we constructed a cDNA library of testes from male B. dorsalis adults at different ages, and performed de novo transcriptome sequencing to produce a comprehensive transcript data set, using Illumina sequencing technology. The analysis yielded 52 016 732 clean reads, including a total of 4.65 Gb of nucleotides. These reads were assembled into 47 677 contigs (average 443 bp) and then clustered into 30 516 unigenes (average 756 bp). Based on BLAST hits with known proteins in different databases, 20 921 unigenes were annotated with a cut-off E-value of 10(-5). The transcriptome sequences were further annotated using the Clusters of Orthologous Groups, Gene Orthology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases. Functional genes involved in spermatogenesis were analysed, including cell cycle proteins, metalloproteins, actin, and ubiquitin and antihyperthermia proteins. Several testis-specific genes were also identified. The transcripts database will help us to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis in B. dorsalis. Furthermore, 2913 simple sequence repeats and 151 431 single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified, which will be useful for investigating the genetic diversity of B. dorsalis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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35
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The amazing ubiquitin-proteasome system: structural components and implication in aging. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 314:171-237. [PMID: 25619718 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Proteome quality control (PQC) is critical for the maintenance of cellular functionality and it is assured by the curating activity of the proteostasis network (PN). PN is constituted of several complex protein machines that under conditions of proteome instability aim to, firstly identify, and then, either rescue or degrade nonnative polypeptides. Central to the PN functionality is the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) which is composed from the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and the proteasome; the latter is a sophisticated multi-subunit molecular machine that functions in a bimodal way as it degrades both short-lived ubiquitinated normal proteins and nonfunctional polypeptides. UPS is also involved in PQC of the nucleus, the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria and it also interacts with the other main cellular degradation axis, namely the autophagy-lysosome system. UPS functionality is optimum in the young organism but it is gradually compromised during aging resulting in increasing proteotoxic stress; these effects correlate not only with aging but also with most age-related diseases. Herein, we present a synopsis of the UPS components and of their functional alterations during cellular senescence or in vivo aging. We propose that mild UPS activation in the young organism will, likely, promote antiaging effects and/or suppress age-related diseases.
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Ben-Nissan G, Sharon M. Regulating the 20S proteasome ubiquitin-independent degradation pathway. Biomolecules 2014; 4:862-84. [PMID: 25250704 PMCID: PMC4192676 DOI: 10.3390/biom4030862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, the ubiquitin-26S proteasome degradation pathway was considered the primary route for proteasomal degradation. However, it is now becoming clear that proteins can also be targeted for degradation by the core 20S proteasome itself. Degradation by the 20S proteasome does not require ubiquitin tagging or the presence of the 19S regulatory particle; rather, it relies on the inherent structural disorder of the protein being degraded. Thus, proteins that contain unstructured regions due to oxidation, mutation, or aging, as well as naturally, intrinsically unfolded proteins, are susceptible to 20S degradation. Unlike the extensive knowledge acquired over the years concerning degradation by the 26S proteasome, relatively little is known about the means by which 20S-mediated proteolysis is controlled. Here, we describe our current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that coordinate 20S proteasome-mediated degradation, and highlight the gaps in knowledge that remain to be bridged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gili Ben-Nissan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Michal Sharon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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Mohammed J, Bortolamiol-Becet D, Flynt AS, Gronau I, Siepel A, Lai EC. Adaptive evolution of testis-specific, recently evolved, clustered miRNAs in Drosophila. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 20:1195-209. [PMID: 24942624 PMCID: PMC4105746 DOI: 10.1261/rna.044644.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The propensity of animal miRNAs to regulate targets bearing modest complementarity, most notably via pairing with miRNA positions ∼2-8 (the "seed"), is believed to drive major aspects of miRNA evolution. First, minimal targeting requirements have allowed most conserved miRNAs to acquire large target cohorts, thus imposing strong selection on miRNAs to maintain their seed sequences. Second, the modest pairing needed for repression suggests that evolutionarily nascent miRNAs may generally induce net detrimental, rather than beneficial, regulatory effects. Hence, levels and activities of newly emerged miRNAs are expected to be limited to preserve the status quo of gene expression. In this study, we unexpectedly show that Drosophila testes specifically express a substantial miRNA population that contravenes these tenets. We find that multiple genomic clusters of testis-restricted miRNAs harbor recently evolved miRNAs, whose experimentally verified orthologs exhibit divergent sequences, even within seed regions. Moreover, this class of miRNAs exhibits higher expression and greater phenotypic capacities in transgenic misexpression assays than do non-testis-restricted miRNAs of similar evolutionary age. These observations suggest that these testis-restricted miRNAs may be evolving adaptively, and several methods of evolutionary analysis provide strong support for this notion. Consistent with this, proof-of-principle tests show that orthologous miRNAs with divergent seeds can distinguish target sensors in a species-cognate manner. Finally, we observe that testis-restricted miRNA clusters exhibit extraordinary dynamics of miRNA gene flux in other Drosophila species. Altogether, our findings reveal a surprising tissue-directed influence of miRNA evolution, involving a distinct mode of miRNA function connected to adaptive gene regulation in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaaved Mohammed
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Diane Bortolamiol-Becet
- Department of Developmental Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Alex S Flynt
- Department of Developmental Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Ilan Gronau
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Adam Siepel
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Eric C Lai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Chondrogianni N, Sakellari M, Lefaki M, Papaevgeniou N, Gonos ES. Proteasome activation delays aging in vitro and in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:303-320. [PMID: 24681338 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a natural biological process that is characterized by a progressive accumulation of macromolecular damage. In the proteome, aging is accompanied by decreased protein homeostasis and function of the major cellular proteolytic systems, leading to the accumulation of unfolded, misfolded, or aggregated proteins. In particular, the proteasome is responsible for the removal of normal as well as damaged or misfolded proteins. Extensive work during the past several years has clearly demonstrated that proteasome activation by either genetic means or use of compounds significantly retards aging. Importantly, this represents a common feature across evolution, thereby suggesting proteasome activation to be an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of aging and longevity regulation. This review article reports on the means of function of these proteasome activators and how they regulate aging in various species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Chondrogianni
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece.
| | - Marianthi Sakellari
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece; Örebro University Medical School, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Lefaki
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Papaevgeniou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece; Örebro University Medical School, Örebro, Sweden
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Goudarzi A, Shiota H, Rousseaux S, Khochbin S. Genome-scale acetylation-dependent histone eviction during spermatogenesis. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:3342-9. [PMID: 24613302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A genome-wide histone hyperacetylation is known to occur in the absence of transcription in haploid male germ cells, spermatids, before and during the global histone eviction and their replacement by non-histone DNA-packaging proteins. Although the occurrence of this histone hyperacetylation has been correlated with histone removal for a long time, the underlying mechanisms have remained largely obscure. Important recent discoveries have not only shed light on how histone acetylation could drive a subsequent transformation in genome organization but also revealed that the associated nucleosome dismantlement is a multi-step process, requiring the contribution of histone variants, critical destabilizing histone modifications and chromatin readers, including Brdt, working together to achieve the full packaging of the male genome, indispensable for the propagation of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Goudarzi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U823 and Université Grenoble Alpes Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
| | - Hitoshi Shiota
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U823 and Université Grenoble Alpes Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
| | - Sophie Rousseaux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U823 and Université Grenoble Alpes Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U823 and Université Grenoble Alpes Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France.
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Rathke C, Baarends WM, Awe S, Renkawitz-Pohl R. Chromatin dynamics during spermiogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1839:155-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Ubiquitin-proteasome system in spermatogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 759:181-213. [PMID: 25030765 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0817-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis represents a complex succession of cell division and differentiation events resulting in the continuous formation of spermatozoa. Such a complex program requires precise expression of enzymes and structural proteins which is effected not only by regulation of gene transcription and translation, but also by targeted protein degradation. In this chapter, we review current knowledge about the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in spermatogenesis, describing both proteolytic and non-proteolytic functions of ubiquitination. Ubiquitination plays essential roles in the establishment of both spermatogonial stem cells and differentiating spermatogonia from gonocytes. It also plays critical roles in several key processes during meiosis such as genetic recombination and sex chromosome silencing. Finally, in spermiogenesis, we summarize current knowledge of the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in nucleosome removal and establishment of key structures in the mature spermatid. Many mechanisms remain to be precisely defined, but present knowledge indicates that research in this area has significant potential to translate into benefits that will address problems in both human and animal reproduction.
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Krogenæs AK, Ropstad E, Gutleb AC, Hårdnes N, Berg V, Dahl E, Fowler PA. In utero exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of PCB 153 and PCB 118 disrupts fetal testis development in sheep. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:628-649. [PMID: 24754397 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.887426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are environmental pollutants linked to adverse health effects including endocrine disruption and disturbance of reproductive development. This study aimed to determine whether exposure of pregnant sheep to three different mixtures of PCB 153 and PCB 118 affected fetal testis development. Ewes were treated by oral gavage from mating until euthanasia (d 134), producing three groups of fetuses with distinct adipose tissue PCB levels: high PCB 153/low PCB 118 (n = 13), high PCB 118/low PCB 153 (n = 14), and low PCB 153/low PCB 118 (n = 14). Fetal testes and blood samples were collected for investigation of testosterone, testis morphology, and testis proteome. The body weight of the offspring was lower in the high PCB compared to the low PCB group, but there were no significant differences in testis weight between groups when corrected for body weight. PCB exposure did not markedly affect circulating testosterone. There were no significant differences between groups in number of seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cell only tubules, and ratio between relative areas of seminiferous tubules and interstitium. Two-dimensional (2D) gel-based proteomics was used to screen for proteomic alterations in the high exposed groups relative to low PCB 153/low PCB 118 group. Twenty-six significantly altered spots were identified by liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectroscopy (MS)/MS. Changes in protein regulation affected cellular processes as stress response, protein synthesis, and cytoskeleton regulation. The study demonstrates that in utero exposure to different environmental relevant PCB mixtures exerted subtle effects on developing fetal testis proteome but did not significantly disturb testis morphology and testosterone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette K Krogenæs
- a Department of Production Animal Sciences , Norwegian School Veterinary Science , Oslo , Norway
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Kniepert A, Groettrup M. The unique functions of tissue-specific proteasomes. Trends Biochem Sci 2013; 39:17-24. [PMID: 24286712 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is the main protease in eukaryotes. Proteolysis occurs within the cylindrical 20S proteasome that is constitutively expressed in most tissues. However, three tissue-specific versions of the 20S proteasome have been discovered to date. The immunoproteasome is optimized to process antigens and it directs the differentiation of T helper (Th) cells. The thymoproteasome is selectively expressed in cortical epithelial cells of the thymus where it plays an essential role in the positive selection of T lymphocytes. Finally, the spermatoproteasome is found in the testes where it is required during spermatogenesis. Here, we outline how tissue-specific proteasomes adapt to functional needs in their respective tissues and how their selective inhibition may be used to interfere with autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kniepert
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marcus Groettrup
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany; Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Among its many functions, the ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates substrate-specific proteolysis during the cell cycle, apoptosis, and fertilization and in pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and liver cirrhosis. Proteasomes are present in human and boar spermatozoa, but little is known about the interactions of proteasomal subunits with other sperm proteins or structures. We have created a transgenic boar with green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged 20S proteasomal core subunit α-type 1 (PSMA1-GFP), hypothesizing that the PSMA1-GFP fusion protein will be incorporated into functional sperm proteasomes. Using direct epifluorescence imaging and indirect immunofluorescence detection, we have confirmed the presence of PSMA1-GFP in the sperm acrosome. Western blotting revealed a protein band corresponding to the predicted mass of PSMA1-GFP fusion protein (57 kDa) in transgenic spermatozoa. Transgenic boar fertility was confirmed by in vitro fertilization, resulting in transgenic blastocysts, and by mating, resulting in healthy transgenic offspring. Immunoprecipitation and proteomic analysis revealed that PSMA1-GFP copurifies with several acrosomal membrane-associated proteins (e.g., lactadherin/milk fat globule E8 and spermadhesin alanine-tryptophan-asparagine). The interaction of MFGE8 with PSMA1-GFP was confirmed through cross-immunoprecipitation. The identified proteasome-interacting proteins may regulate sperm proteasomal activity during fertilization or may be the substrates of proteasomal proteolysis during fertilization. Proteomic analysis also confirmed the interaction/coimmunoprecipitation of PSMA1-GFP with 13/14 proteasomal core subunits. These results demonstrate that the PSMA1-GFP was incorporated in the assembled sperm proteasomes. This mammal carrying green fluorescent proteasomes will be useful for studies of fertilization and wherever the ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a role in cellular function or pathology.
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Kunjappu MJ, Hochstrasser M. Assembly of the 20S proteasome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1843:2-12. [PMID: 23507199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The proteasome is a cellular protease responsible for the selective degradation of the majority of the intracellular proteome. It recognizes, unfolds, and cleaves proteins that are destined for removal, usually by prior attachment to polymers of ubiquitin. This macromolecular machine is composed of two subcomplexes, the 19S regulatory particle (RP) and the 20S core particle (CP), which together contain at least 33 different and precisely positioned subunits. How these subunits assemble into functional complexes is an area of active exploration. Here we describe the current status of studies on the assembly of the 20S proteasome (CP). The 28-subunit CP is found in all three domains of life and its cylindrical stack of four heptameric rings is well conserved. Though several CP subunits possess self-assembly properties, a consistent theme in recent years has been the need for dedicated assembly chaperones that promote on-pathway assembly. To date, a minimum of three accessory factors have been implicated in aiding the construction of the 20S proteasome. These chaperones interact with different assembling proteasomal precursors and usher subunits into specific slots in the growing structure. This review will focus largely on chaperone-dependent CP assembly and its regulation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. Guest Editors: Thomas Sommer and Dieter H. Wolf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J Kunjappu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue P.O. Box 208114, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA
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Kimura S. The Nap family proteins, CG5017/Hanabi and Nap1, are essential forDrosophilaspermiogenesis. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:922-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Putative molecular mechanism underlying sperm chromatin remodelling is regulated by reproductive hormones. Clin Epigenetics 2012; 4:23. [PMID: 23241214 PMCID: PMC3549752 DOI: 10.1186/1868-7083-4-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The putative regulatory role of the male reproductive hormones in the molecular mechanism underlying chromatin condensation remains poorly understood. In the past decade, we developed two adult male rat models wherein functional deficits of testosterone or FSH, produced after treatments with 20 mg/Kg/d of cyproterone acetate (CPA) per os, for a period of 15 days or 3 mg/Kg/d of fluphenazine decanoate (FD) subcutaneously, for a period of 60 days, respectively, affected the rate of sperm chromatin decondensation in vitro. These rat models have been used in the current study in order to delineate the putative roles of testosterone and FSH in the molecular mechanism underlying remodelling of sperm chromatin. Results We report that deficits of both testosterone and FSH affected the turnover of polyubiquitylated histones and led to their accumulation in the testis. Functional deficits of testosterone reduced expression of MIWI, the 5-methyl cap binding RNA-binding protein (PIWIlike murine homologue of the Drosophila protein PIWI/P-element induced wimpy testis) containing a PAZ/Piwi-Argonaut-Zwille domain and levels of histone deacetylase1 (HDAC1), ubiquitin ligating enzyme (URE-B1/E3), 20S proteasome α1 concomitant with reduced expression of ubiquitin activating enzyme (ube1), conjugating enzyme (ube2d2), chromodomain Y like protein (cdyl), bromodomain testis specific protein (brdt), hdac6 (histone deacetylase6), androgen-dependent homeobox placentae embryonic protein (pem/RhoX5), histones h2b and th3 (testis-specific h3). Functional deficits of FSH reduced the expression of cdyl and brdt genes in the testis, affected turnover of ubiquitylated histones, stalled the physiological DNA repair mechanism and culminated in spermiation of DNA damaged sperm. Conclusions We aver that deficits of both testosterone and FSH differentially affected the process of sperm chromatin remodelling through subtle changes in the ‘chromatin condensation transcriptome and proteome’, thereby stalling the replacement of ‘dynamic’ histones with ‘inert’ protamines, and altering the epigenetic state of condensed sperm chromatin. The inappropriately condensed chromatin affected the sperm chromatin cytoarchitecture, evident from subtle ultrastructural changes in the nuclei of immature caput epididymal sperm of CPA- or FD-treated rats, incubated in vitro with dithiothreitol.
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Chondrogianni N, Petropoulos I, Grimm S, Georgila K, Catalgol B, Friguet B, Grune T, Gonos ES. Protein damage, repair and proteolysis. Mol Aspects Med 2012; 35:1-71. [PMID: 23107776 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are continuously affected by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Damaged proteins influence several intracellular pathways and result in different disorders and diseases. Aggregation of damaged proteins depends on the balance between their generation and their reversal or elimination by protein repair systems and degradation, respectively. With regard to protein repair, only few repair mechanisms have been evidenced including the reduction of methionine sulfoxide residues by the methionine sulfoxide reductases, the conversion of isoaspartyl residues to L-aspartate by L-isoaspartate methyl transferase and deglycation by phosphorylation of protein-bound fructosamine by fructosamine-3-kinase. Protein degradation is orchestrated by two major proteolytic systems, namely the lysosome and the proteasome. Alteration of the function for both systems has been involved in all aspects of cellular metabolic networks linked to either normal or pathological processes. Given the importance of protein repair and degradation, great effort has recently been made regarding the modulation of these systems in various physiological conditions such as aging, as well as in diseases. Genetic modulation has produced promising results in the area of protein repair enzymes but there are not yet any identified potent inhibitors, and, to our knowledge, only one activating compound has been reported so far. In contrast, different drugs as well as natural compounds that interfere with proteolysis have been identified and/or developed resulting in homeostatic maintenance and/or the delay of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Chondrogianni
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Helenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece.
| | - Isabelle Petropoulos
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire du Vieillissement, UR4-UPMC, IFR 83, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stefanie Grimm
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University, Dornburger Straße 24, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Konstantina Georgila
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Helenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Betul Catalgol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Haydarpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bertrand Friguet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire du Vieillissement, UR4-UPMC, IFR 83, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University, Dornburger Straße 24, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Helenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece.
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Fabrizio JJ, Aqeel N, Cote J, Estevez J, Jongoy M, Mangal V, Tema W, Rivera A, Wnukowski J, Bencosme Y. Mulet (mlt) encodes a tubulin-binding cofactor E-like homolog required for spermatid individualization in Drosophila melanogaster. Fly (Austin) 2012; 6:261-72. [PMID: 22885996 DOI: 10.4161/fly.21533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis in all animal species occurs within a syncytium. Only at the very end of spermatogenesis are individual sperm cells resolved from this syncytium in a process known as individualization. Individualization in Drosophila begins as a membrane-cytoskeletal complex known as the individualization complex (IC) assembles around the sperm heads and proceeds down the flagella, removing cytoplasm from between the sperm tails and shrink-wrapping each spermatid into its own plasma membrane as it travels. The mulet (mlt) mutation results in severely disrupted ICs, indicating that the mlt gene product is required for individualization. Inverse PCR followed by cycle sequencing maps all known P-insertion alleles of mlt to two overlapping genes, CG12214 (the Drosophila tubulin-binding cofactor E-like homolog) and KCNQ (a large voltage-gated potassium channel). However, since the alleles of mlt map to the 5'-UTR of CG12214 and since CG12214 is contained within an intron of KCNQ, it was hypothesized that mlt and CG12214 are allelic. Indeed, CG12214 mutant testes exhibited severely disrupted ICs and were indistinguishable from mlt mutant testes, thus further suggesting allelism. To test this hypothesis, alleles of mlt were crossed to CG12214 in order to generate trans-heterozygous males. Testes from all trans-heterozygous combinations revealed severely disrupted ICs and were also indistinguishable from mlt mutant testes, indicating that mlt and CG12214 fail to complement one another and are thus allelic. In addition, complementation testing against null alleles of KCNQ verified that the observed individualization defect is not caused by a disruption of KCNQ. Finally, since a population of spermatid-associated microtubules known to disappear prior to movement of the IC abnormally persists during individualization in CG12214 mutant testes, this work implicates TBCE-like in the removal of these microtubules prior to IC movement. Taken together, these results identify mlt as CG12214 and suggest that the removal of microtubules by TBCE-like is a necessary pre-requisite for proper coordinated movement of the IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Fabrizio
- Biology Department, Division of Natural Sciences, College of Mount Saint Vincent, Riverdale, NY, USA.
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50
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Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster spermatids undergo dramatic morphological changes as they differentiate from small round cells approximately 12 μm in diameter into highly polarized, 1.8 mm long, motile sperm capable of participating in fertilization. During spermiogenesis, syncytial cysts of 64 haploid spermatids undergo synchronous differentiation. Numerous changes occur at a subcellular level, including remodeling of existing organelles (mitochondria, nuclei), formation of new organelles (flagellar axonemes, acrosomes), polarization of elongating cysts and plasma membrane addition. At the end of spermatid morphogenesis, organelles, mitochondrial DNA and cytoplasmic components not needed in mature sperm are stripped away in a caspase-dependent process called individualization that results in formation of individual sperm. Here, we review the stages of Drosophila spermiogenesis and examine our current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in shaping male germ cell-specific organelles and forming mature, fertile sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacramioara Fabian
- Cell Biology Program; The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids); Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Julie A. Brill
- Cell Biology Program; The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids); Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada
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