1
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Hayashi S, Suzuki H, Takada S, Takemoto T. Wnt3a is an early regulator of the Wolffian duct directionality via the regulation of apicobasal cell polarity. Dev Biol 2025; 522:136-142. [PMID: 40154784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2025] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/01/2025]
Abstract
The Wolffian duct is a pair of epithelial ductal structures along the body axis that induces nephron development by interaction with the metanephric mesenchyme. The interaction between the mesenchyme and the ureteric bud derived from the Wolffian duct is mediated by Wnt ligands, the loss of which results in kidney agenesis. Nonetheless, the early contribution of Wnt signaling to Wolffian duct formation remains unclear. We therefore examined these dynamics in knockout and transgenic mouse embryos. The Wnt signal reporter was active in the extending Wolffian duct, and Wnt3a-knockout embryos exhibited a fragmented and misdirectional Wolffian duct. Apicobasal polarity was disrupted under Wnt3a-deficiency. These findings suggest that Wnt3a plays an important role in Wolffian duct development by regulating apicobasal polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Hayashi
- Laboratory of Embryology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Hitomi Suzuki
- Laboratory of Embryology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shinji Takada
- National Institute for Basic Biology and Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takemoto
- Laboratory of Embryology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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2
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Parvez RK, Csipán RL, Liu J, Gevorgyan A, Rutledge EA, Guo J, Kim DK, McMahon AP. Developmental and Cell Fate Analyses Support a Postnatal Origin for the Cortical Collecting System in the Mouse Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2025; 36:812-824. [PMID: 39665296 PMCID: PMC12059095 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Points An adult-like corticomedullary organization underlying kidney function is established 10 days after birth in the mouse kidney. Genetic lineage tracing demonstrates the cortical collecting duct network is generated from progenitors after birth. Mature cell types of the nephron progenitor–derived connecting tubule and ureteric progenitor–derived collecting epithelium are established by P15. Background Structure and function in the mammalian kidney are organized along a radial axis highlighted by the corticomedullary organization and regional patterning of the collecting system. The arborized collecting epithelium arises through controlled growth, branching, and commitment of Wnt11+ ureteric progenitor cells within cortically localized branch tips until postnatal day 3. Methods We applied in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence to key markers of collecting duct cell types to examine their distribution in the embryonic and postnatal mouse kidneys. To address the contribution of ureteric progenitor cells at a given time to cell diversity and spatial organization in the adult mouse kidney, we performed genetic lineage tracing of Wnt11 + cells in the embryonic and early postnatal mouse kidney. Results Cell fate analyses showed much of the cortical collecting duct network was established postnatally. Furthermore, epithelial reorganization, regional differentiation, and functional maturation of key cell types to an adult-like collecting epithelium was not complete until around 2 weeks after birth in both ureteric progenitor cell–derived collecting system and structurally homologous nephron progenitor cell–derived connecting tubule. Conclusions These studies underline the importance of the relatively understudied early postnatal period to the development of a functional mammalian kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riana K. Parvez
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Réka L. Csipán
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Transplant Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ara Gevorgyan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elisabeth A. Rutledge
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Jinjin Guo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Doh Kyung Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew P. McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute for Technology, Pasadena, California
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3
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Lim D, Kim I, Song Q, Kim JH, Atala A, Jackson JD, Yoo JJ. Development and intra-renal delivery of renal progenitor organoids for effective integration in vivo. Stem Cells Transl Med 2025; 14:szae078. [PMID: 39468757 PMCID: PMC11832275 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szae078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal progenitor organoids have been proposed as a source of tissue for kidney regeneration; however, their clinical translatability has not been demonstrated due to an inability to mass-produce comprehensive renal progenitor organoids and the lack of an effective intra-renal delivery platform that facilitates rapid integration into functionally meaningful sites. This study addresses these shortcomings. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells were differentiated into renal progenitor cells using an established protocol and aggregated using a novel assembly method to produce high yields of organoids. Organoids were encapsulated in collagen-based scaffolds for in vitro study and in vivo implantation into mouse renal cortex. In vitro, the organoids demonstrated sustained cell viability and renal structure maturation over time. In vivo delivered organoids showed rapid integration into host renal parenchyma while showing tubular and glomerular-like structure development and maturity markers. This proof-of-concept study presents many promising results, providing a system of renal organoid formation and delivery that may support the development of clinically translatable therapies and the advancement of in vitro renal organoid studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lim
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Ickhee Kim
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Qianqian Song
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - John D Jackson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - James J Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
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4
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Ning N, Liu Z, Li X, Liu Y, Song W. Progress of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Renal Organoids in Clinical Application. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 11:1-10. [PMID: 40093027 PMCID: PMC11908814 DOI: 10.1159/000541919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
Background Kidney disease has become a growing public health problem worldwide, and there is an urgent need to develop reliable models for investigating novel and effective treatment strategies. In recent years, kidney organoids, as novel models different from traditional two-dimensional cells and model animals, have attracted more and more attention. Current advances have allowed the generation of kidney organoids from the directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which possess similar characteristics to embryonic stem cells, but bypass ethical constraints and have a wide range of sources. Summary Herein, the methods of generating renal organoids from iPSCs, the applications of iPSC-derived renal organoids in disease modeling, drug effectiveness detection, and regenerative medicine as well as the challenges were reviewed. Key Messages iPSC-derived renal organoids can be used to model kidney diseases and are great models for studying kidney injury and toxicity. Many efforts are needed to finally apply organoids into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ning
- Department of Minimally Invasive Comprehensive Treatment of Cancer, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Fuwei Biotechnology (Shandong) Co., LTD, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiting Liu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Comprehensive Treatment of Cancer, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Fuwei Biotechnology (Shandong) Co., LTD, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Comprehensive Treatment of Cancer, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Minimally Invasive Comprehensive Treatment of Cancer, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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5
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Liu Q, Yue L, Deng J, Tan Y, Wu C. Progress and breakthroughs in human kidney organoid research. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101736. [PMID: 38910872 PMCID: PMC11190488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) kidney organoid is a breakthrough model for recapitulating renal morphology and function in vitro, which is grown from stem cells and resembles mammalian kidney organogenesis. Currently, protocols for cultivating this model from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and patient-derived adult stem cells (ASCs) have been widely reported. In recent years, scientists have focused on combining cutting-edge bioengineering and bioinformatics technologies to improve the developmental accuracy of kidney organoids and achieve high-throughput experimentation. As a remarkable tool for mechanistic research of the renal system, kidney organoid has both potential and challenges. In this review, we have described the evolution of kidney organoid establishment methods and highlighted the latest progress leading to a more sophisticated kidney transformation research model. Finally, we have summarized the main applications of renal organoids in exploring kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Liang Yue
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jiu Deng
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yingxia Tan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chengjun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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6
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Davies JA, Holland I, Gül H. Kidney organoids: steps towards better organization and function. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1861-1871. [PMID: 38934505 PMCID: PMC11668298 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Kidney organoids - 3D representations of kidneys made either from pluripotent or tissue stem cells - have been available for well over a decade. Their application could confer notable benefits over longstanding in vivo approaches with the potential for clinically aligned human cells and reduced ethical burdens. They been used, at a proof-of-concept level, in development in disease modeling (including with patient-derived stem cells), and in screening drugs for efficacy/toxicity. They differ from real kidneys: they represent only foetal-stage tissue, in their simplest forms they lack organ-scale anatomical organization, they lack a properly arranged vascular system, and include non-renal cells. Cell specificity may be improved by better techniques for differentiation and/or sorting. Sequential assembly techniques that mimic the sequence of natural development, and localized sources of differentiation-inducing signals, improve organ-scale anatomy. Organotypic vascularization remains a challenge: capillaries are easy, but the large vessels that should serve them are absent from organoids and, even in cultured real kidneys, these large vessels do not survive without blood flow. Transplantation of organoids into hosts results in their being vascularized (though probably not organotypically) and in some renal function. It will be important to transplant more advanced organoids, with a urine exit, in the near future to assess function more stringently. Transplantation of human foetal kidneys, followed by nephrectomy of host kidneys, keeps rats alive for many weeks, raising hope that, if organoids can be produced even to the limited size and complexity of foetal kidneys, they may one day be useful in renal replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Davies
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Ian Holland
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Huseyin Gül
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, U.K
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7
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Magro-Lopez E, Vazquez-Alejo E, Espinar-Buitrago MDLS, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. Optimizing Nodal, Wnt and BMP signaling pathways for robust and efficient differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells to intermediate mesoderm cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1395723. [PMID: 38887514 PMCID: PMC11182123 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1395723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Several differentiation protocols have enabled the generation of intermediate mesoderm (IM)-derived cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC). However, the substantial variability between existing protocols for generating IM cells compromises their efficiency, reproducibility, and overall success, potentially hindering the utility of urogenital system organoids. Here, we examined the role of high levels of Nodal signaling and BMP activity, as well as WNT signaling in the specification of IM cells derived from a UCSD167i-99-1 human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) line. We demonstrate that precise modulation of WNT and BMP signaling significantly enhances IM differentiation efficiency. Treatment of hPSC with 3 μM CHIR99021 induced TBXT+/MIXL1+ mesoderm progenitor (MP) cells after 48 h of differentiation. Further treatment with a combination of 3 μM CHIR99021 and 4 ng/mL BMP4 resulted in the generation of OSR1+/GATA3+/PAX2+ IM cells within a subsequent 48 h period. Molecular characterization of differentiated cells was confirmed through immunofluorescence staining and RT-qPCR. Hence, this study establishes a consistent and reproducible protocol for differentiating hiPSC into IM cells that faithfully recapitulates the molecular signatures of IM development. This protocol holds promise for improving the success of protocols designed to generate urogenital system organoids in vitro, with potential applications in regenerative medicine, drug discovery, and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Magro-Lopez
- Molecular Immuno-Biology Laboratory, Immunology Section, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vazquez-Alejo
- Molecular Immuno-Biology Laboratory, Immunology Section, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María de la Sierra Espinar-Buitrago
- Molecular Immuno-Biology Laboratory, Immunology Section, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Molecular Immuno-Biology Laboratory, Immunology Section, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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8
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Chambers BE, Weaver NE, Lara CM, Nguyen TK, Wingert RA. (Zebra)fishing for nephrogenesis genes. Tissue Barriers 2024; 12:2219605. [PMID: 37254823 PMCID: PMC11042071 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2219605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a devastating condition affecting millions of people worldwide, where over 100,000 patients in the United States alone remain waiting for a lifesaving organ transplant. Concomitant with a surge in personalized medicine, single-gene mutations, and polygenic risk alleles have been brought to the forefront as core causes of a spectrum of renal disorders. With the increasing prevalence of kidney disease, it is imperative to make substantial strides in the field of kidney genetics. Nephrons, the core functional units of the kidney, are epithelial tubules that act as gatekeepers of body homeostasis by absorbing and secreting ions, water, and small molecules to filter the blood. Each nephron contains a series of proximal and distal segments with explicit metabolic functions. The embryonic zebrafish provides an ideal platform to systematically dissect the genetic cues governing kidney development. Here, we review the use of zebrafish to discover nephrogenesis genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E. Chambers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana (IN), USA
| | - Nicole E. Weaver
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana (IN), USA
| | - Caroline M. Lara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana (IN), USA
| | - Thanh Khoa Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana (IN), USA
| | - Rebecca A. Wingert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana (IN), USA
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9
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Wang SX, Streit A. Shared features in ear and kidney development - implications for oto-renal syndromes. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050447. [PMID: 38353121 PMCID: PMC10886756 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between ear and kidney anomalies has long been recognized. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In the last two decades, embryonic development of the inner ear and kidney has been studied extensively. Here, we describe the developmental pathways shared between both organs with particular emphasis on the genes that regulate signalling cross talk and the specification of progenitor cells and specialised cell types. We relate this to the clinical features of oto-renal syndromes and explore links to developmental mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlet Xiaoyan Wang
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andrea Streit
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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10
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Li M, Guo X, Cheng L, Zhang H, Zhou M, Zhang M, Yin Z, Guo T, Zhao L, Liu H, Liang X, Li R. Porcine Kidney Organoids Derived from Naïve-like Embryonic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:682. [PMID: 38203853 PMCID: PMC10779635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The scarcity of donor kidneys greatly impacts the survival of patients with end-stage renal failure. Pigs are increasingly becoming potential organ donors but are limited by immunological rejection. Based on the human kidney organoid already established with the CHIR99021 and FGF9 induction strategy, we generated porcine kidney organoids from porcine naïve-like ESCs (nESCs). The derived porcine organoids had a tubule-like constructure and matrix components. The porcine organoids expressed renal markers including AQP1 (proximal tubule), WT1 and PODO (podocyte), and CD31 (vascular endothelial cells). These results imply that the organoids had developed the majority of the renal cell types and structures, including glomeruli and proximal tubules. The porcine organoids were also identified to have a dextran absorptive function. Importantly, porcine organoids have a certain abundance of vascular endothelial cells, which are the basis for investigating immune rejection. The derived porcine organoids might serve as materials for immunosuppressor screening for xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meishuang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiyun Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Linxin Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Manling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhibao Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Tianxu Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Han Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiubin Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
| | - Rongfeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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11
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Ruiz-Babot G, Eceiza A, Abollo-Jiménez F, Malyukov M, Carlone DL, Borges K, Da Costa AR, Qarin S, Matsumoto T, Morizane R, Skarnes WC, Ludwig B, Chapple PJ, Guasti L, Storr HL, Bornstein SR, Breault DT. Generation of glucocorticoid-producing cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100627. [PMID: 37924815 PMCID: PMC10694497 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Adrenal insufficiency is a life-threatening condition resulting from the inability to produce adrenal hormones in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Establishing a cell-based therapy would provide a physiologically responsive approach for the treatment of this condition. We report the generation of large numbers of human-induced steroidogenic cells (hiSCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Directed differentiation of hPSCs into hiSCs recapitulates the initial stages of human adrenal development. Following expression of steroidogenic factor 1, activation of protein kinase A signaling drives a steroidogenic gene expression profile most comparable to human fetal adrenal cells, and leads to dynamic secretion of steroid hormones, in vitro. Moreover, expression of the adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) receptor/co-receptor (MC2R/MRAP) results in dose-dependent ACTH responsiveness. This protocol recapitulates adrenal insufficiency resulting from loss-of-function mutations in AAAS, which cause the enigmatic triple A syndrome. Our differentiation protocol generates sufficient numbers of hiSCs for cell-based therapy and offers a platform to study disorders causing adrenal insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Ruiz-Babot
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ariane Eceiza
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Maria Malyukov
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Diana L Carlone
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kleiton Borges
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Rodrigues Da Costa
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Shamma Qarin
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William C Skarnes
- Cellular Engineering, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Barbara Ludwig
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul J Chapple
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Leonardo Guasti
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Helen L Storr
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David T Breault
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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12
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Pietrobon A, Stanford WL. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Kidney Lesion Pathogenesis: A Developmental Perspective. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:1135-1149. [PMID: 37060140 PMCID: PMC10356159 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenotypic diversity of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) kidney pathology is enigmatic. Despite a well-established monogenic etiology, an incomplete understanding of lesion pathogenesis persists. In this review, we explore the question: How do TSC kidney lesions arise? We appraise literature findings in the context of mutational timing and cell-of-origin. Through a developmental lens, we integrate the critical results from clinical studies, human specimens, and genetic animal models. We also review novel insights gleaned from emerging organoid and single-cell sequencing technologies. We present a new model of pathogenesis which posits a phenotypic continuum, whereby lesions arise by mutagenesis during development from variably timed second-hit events. This model can serve as a conceptual framework for testing hypotheses of TSC lesion pathogenesis, both in the kidney and in other affected tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pietrobon
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William L. Stanford
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Kocere A, Lalonde RL, Mosimann C, Burger A. Lateral thinking in syndromic congenital cardiovascular disease. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049735. [PMID: 37125615 PMCID: PMC10184679 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndromic birth defects are rare diseases that can present with seemingly pleiotropic comorbidities. Prime examples are rare congenital heart and cardiovascular anomalies that can be accompanied by forelimb defects, kidney disorders and more. Whether such multi-organ defects share a developmental link remains a key question with relevance to the diagnosis, therapeutic intervention and long-term care of affected patients. The heart, endothelial and blood lineages develop together from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), which also harbors the progenitor cells for limb connective tissue, kidneys, mesothelia and smooth muscle. This developmental plasticity of the LPM, which founds on multi-lineage progenitor cells and shared transcription factor expression across different descendant lineages, has the potential to explain the seemingly disparate syndromic defects in rare congenital diseases. Combining patient genome-sequencing data with model organism studies has already provided a wealth of insights into complex LPM-associated birth defects, such as heart-hand syndromes. Here, we summarize developmental and known disease-causing mechanisms in early LPM patterning, address how defects in these processes drive multi-organ comorbidities, and outline how several cardiovascular and hematopoietic birth defects with complex comorbidities may be LPM-associated diseases. We also discuss strategies to integrate patient sequencing, data-aggregating resources and model organism studies to mechanistically decode congenital defects, including potentially LPM-associated orphan diseases. Eventually, linking complex congenital phenotypes to a common LPM origin provides a framework to discover developmental mechanisms and to anticipate comorbidities in congenital diseases affecting the cardiovascular system and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Kocere
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Molecular Life Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert L. Lalonde
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alexa Burger
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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14
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Renal organoid modeling of tuberous sclerosis complex reveals lesion features arise from diverse developmental processes. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111048. [PMID: 35793620 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem tumor-forming disorder caused by loss of TSC1 or TSC2. Renal manifestations predominately include cysts and angiomyolipomas. Despite a well-described monogenic etiology, the cellular pathogenesis remains elusive. We report a genetically engineered human renal organoid model that recapitulates pleiotropic features of TSC kidney disease in vitro and upon orthotopic xenotransplantation. Time course single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrates that loss of TSC1 or TSC2 affects multiple developmental processes in the renal epithelial, stromal, and glial compartments. First, TSC1 or TSC2 ablation induces transitional upregulation of stromal-associated genes. Second, epithelial cells in the TSC1-/- and TSC2-/- organoids exhibit a rapamycin-insensitive epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Third, a melanocytic population forms exclusively in TSC1-/- and TSC2-/- organoids, branching from MITF+ Schwann cell precursors. Together, these results illustrate the pleiotropic developmental consequences of biallelic inactivation of TSC1 or TSC2 and offer insight into TSC kidney lesion pathogenesis.
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15
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Trush O, Takasato M. Kidney organoid research: current status and applications. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 75:101944. [PMID: 35785592 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.101944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Organoids are being widely introduced as novel research models in multiple research fields. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells-derived kidney organoids became an indispensable tool to study human kidney development, model various diseases and infections leading to kidney damage, and offer a new route towards better drug development and validation, personalized drug screening, and regenerative medicine. In this review, we provide an update of the most recent developments in kidney organoid induction: their main goals, advantages, and shortcomings. We further discuss their current applications in providing modeling and treatment avenues to various kidney injuries, their use in genome-wide screening of kidney diseases, and the cell interactions occurring in these kidney structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Trush
- Laboratory for Human Organogenesis, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Minoru Takasato
- Laboratory for Human Organogenesis, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Development, Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Development and Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
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16
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Prummel KD, Crowell HL, Nieuwenhuize S, Brombacher EC, Daetwyler S, Soneson C, Kresoja-Rakic J, Kocere A, Ronner M, Ernst A, Labbaf Z, Clouthier DE, Firulli AB, Sánchez-Iranzo H, Naganathan SR, O'Rourke R, Raz E, Mercader N, Burger A, Felley-Bosco E, Huisken J, Robinson MD, Mosimann C. Hand2 delineates mesothelium progenitors and is reactivated in mesothelioma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1677. [PMID: 35354817 PMCID: PMC8967825 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mesothelium lines body cavities and surrounds internal organs, widely contributing to homeostasis and regeneration. Mesothelium disruptions cause visceral anomalies and mesothelioma tumors. Nonetheless, the embryonic emergence of mesothelia remains incompletely understood. Here, we track mesothelial origins in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) using zebrafish. Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers a post-gastrulation gene expression signature centered on hand2 in distinct LPM progenitor cells. We map mesothelial progenitors to lateral-most, hand2-expressing LPM and confirm conservation in mouse. Time-lapse imaging of zebrafish hand2 reporter embryos captures mesothelium formation including pericardium, visceral, and parietal peritoneum. We find primordial germ cells migrate with the forming mesothelium as ventral migration boundary. Functionally, hand2 loss disrupts mesothelium formation with reduced progenitor cells and perturbed migration. In mouse and human mesothelioma, we document expression of LPM-associated transcription factors including Hand2, suggesting re-initiation of a developmental program. Our data connects mesothelium development to Hand2, expanding our understanding of mesothelial pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin D Prummel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helena L Crowell
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Susan Nieuwenhuize
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eline C Brombacher
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Daetwyler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Charlotte Soneson
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jelena Kresoja-Rakic
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Agnese Kocere
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Ronner
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Zahra Labbaf
- Institute for Cell Biology, ZMBE, Muenster, Germany
| | - David E Clouthier
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anthony B Firulli
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Héctor Sánchez-Iranzo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biological and Chemical System - Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sundar R Naganathan
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca O'Rourke
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute for Cell Biology, ZMBE, Muenster, Germany
| | - Nadia Mercader
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexa Burger
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emanuela Felley-Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Huisken
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark D Robinson
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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17
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Abstract
The field of single-cell genomics and spatial technologies is rapidly evolving and has already provided unprecedented insights into complex tissues. Major advances have been made in dissecting the cellular composition and spatiotemporal interactions that mediate developmental processes in the fetal kidney. Single-cell technologies have also provided detailed insights into the heterogeneity of cell types within the healthy adult and shed light on the complex cellular mechanisms that contribute to kidney disease. The in-depth characterization of specific cell types associated with acute kidney injury and glomerular diseases has potential for the development of prognostic biomarkers and new therapeutics. Analyses of pathway activity in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma can predict the sensitivity of tumour cells to specific inhibitors. The identification of the cell of origin of renal cell carcinoma and of new cell types within the tumour microenvironment also has implications for the development of targeted therapeutics. Similarly, single-cell sequencing has provided new insights into the mechanisms underlying kidney fibrosis, specifically our understanding of myofibroblast origins and the contribution of cell crosstalk within the fibrotic niche to disease progression. These and future studies will enable the creation of a map to aid our understanding of the cellular processes and interactions in the developing, healthy and diseased kidney.
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18
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Liu M, Cardilla A, Ngeow J, Gong X, Xia Y. Studying Kidney Diseases Using Organoid Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:845401. [PMID: 35309912 PMCID: PMC8927804 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.845401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rapidly increasing over the last few decades, owing to the global increase in diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Dialysis greatly compromises the life quality of patients, while demand for transplantable kidney cannot be met, underscoring the need to develop novel therapeutic approaches to stop or reverse CKD progression. Our understanding of kidney disease is primarily derived from studies using animal models and cell culture. While cross-species differences made it challenging to fully translate findings from animal models into clinical practice, primary patient cells quickly lose the original phenotypes during in vitro culture. Over the last decade, remarkable achievements have been made for generating 3-dimensional (3D) miniature organs (organoids) by exposing stem cells to culture conditions that mimic the signaling cues required for the development of a particular organ or tissue. 3D kidney organoids have been successfully generated from different types of source cells, including human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), adult/fetal renal tissues, and kidney cancer biopsy. Alongside gene editing tools, hPSC-derived kidney organoids are being harnessed to model genetic kidney diseases. In comparison, adult kidney-derived tubuloids and kidney cancer-derived tumoroids are still in their infancy. Herein, we first summarize the currently available kidney organoid models. Next, we discuss recent advances in kidney disease modelling using organoid models. Finally, we consider the major challenges that have hindered the application of kidney organoids in disease modelling and drug evaluation and propose prospective solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angelysia Cardilla
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Genetics Service, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ximing Gong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Ximing Gong, ; Yun Xia,
| | - Yun Xia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Ximing Gong, ; Yun Xia,
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19
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Namestnikov M, Dekel B. Moving To A New Dimension: 3D Kidney Cultures For Kidney Regeneration. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2022.100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Shankar AS, Du Z, Tejeda Mora H, Boers R, Cao W, van den Bosch TPP, Korevaar SS, Boers J, van IJcken WFJ, Bindels EMJ, Eussen B, de Klein A, Pan Q, Oudijk L, Clahsen-van Groningen MC, Hoorn EJ, Baan CC, Gribnau J, Hoogduijn MJ. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells 2022; 40:577-591. [PMID: 35524742 PMCID: PMC9216509 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived kidney organoids are a potential tool for the regeneration of kidney tissue. They represent an early stage of nephrogenesis and have been shown to successfsully vascularize and mature further in vivo. However, there are concerns regarding the long-term safety and stability of iPSC derivatives. Specifically, the potential for tumorigenesis may impede the road to clinical application. To study safety and stability of kidney organoids, we analyzed their potential for malignant transformation in a teratoma assay and following long-term subcutaneous implantation in an immune-deficient mouse model. We did not detect fully functional residual iPSCs in the kidney organoids as analyzed by gene expression analysis, single-cell sequencing and immunohistochemistry. Accordingly, kidney organoids failed to form teratoma. Upon long-term subcutaneous implantation of whole organoids in immunodeficient IL2Ry−/−RAG2−/− mice, we observed tumor formation in 5 out of 103 implanted kidney organoids. These tumors were composed of WT1+CD56+ immature blastemal cells and showed histological resemblance with Wilms tumor. No genetic changes were identified that contributed to the occurrence of tumorigenic cells within the kidney organoids. However, assessment of epigenetic changes revealed a unique cluster of differentially methylated genes that were also present in undifferentiated iPSCs. We discovered that kidney organoids have the capacity to form tumors upon long-term implantation. The presence of epigenetic modifications combined with the lack of environmental cues may have caused an arrest in terminal differentiation. Our results indicate that the safe implementation of kidney organoids should exclude the presence of pro-tumorigenic methylation in kidney organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha S Shankar
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author: Anusha S. Shankar, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Zhaoyu Du
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hector Tejeda Mora
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Boers
- Department of Developmental Biology and iPS Core Facility, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wanlu Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical CenterRotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sander S Korevaar
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Boers
- Department of Developmental Biology and iPS Core Facility, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eric M J Bindels
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Eussen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical CenterRotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lindsey Oudijk
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Gribnau
- Department of Developmental Biology and iPS Core Facility, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Yi SA, Zhang Y, Rathnam C, Pongkulapa T, Lee KB. Bioengineering Approaches for the Advanced Organoid Research. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007949. [PMID: 34561899 PMCID: PMC8682947 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in 3D cell culture technology have enabled scientists to generate stem cell derived organoids that recapitulate the structural and functional characteristics of native organs. Current organoid technologies have been striding toward identifying the essential factors for controlling the processes involved in organoid development, including physical cues and biochemical signaling. There is a growing demand for engineering dynamic niches characterized by conditions that resemble in vivo organogenesis to generate reproducible and reliable organoids for various applications. Innovative biomaterial-based and advanced engineering-based approaches have been incorporated into conventional organoid culture methods to facilitate the development of organoid research. The recent advances in organoid engineering, including extracellular matrices and genetic modulation, are comprehensively summarized to pinpoint the parameters critical for organ-specific patterning. Moreover, perspective trends in developing tunable organoids in response to exogenous and endogenous cues are discussed for next-generation developmental studies, disease modeling, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ah Yi
- Epigenome Dynamics Control Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Christopher Rathnam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Thanapat Pongkulapa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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22
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Abstract
The postnatal kidney is predominantly composed of nephron epithelia with the interstitial components representing a small proportion of the final organ, except in the diseased state. This is in stark contrast to the developing organ, which arises from the mesoderm and comprises an expansive stromal population with distinct regional gene expression. In many organs, the identity and ultimate function of an epithelium is tightly regulated by the surrounding stroma during development. However, although the presence of a renal stromal stem cell population has been demonstrated, the focus has been on understanding the process of nephrogenesis whereas the role of distinct stromal components during kidney morphogenesis is less clear. In this Review, we consider what is known about the role of the stroma of the developing kidney in nephrogenesis, where these cells come from as well as their heterogeneity, and reflect on how this information may improve human kidney organoid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean B. Wilson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Melissa H. Little
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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23
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Saygili S, Atayar E, Canpolat N, Elicevik M, Kurugoglu S, Sever L, Caliskan S, Ozaltin F. A homozygous HOXA11 variation as a potential novel cause of autosomal recessive congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. Clin Genet 2021; 98:390-395. [PMID: 32666543 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease in children. Until now, more than 50 monogenic causes for CAKUT have been described, all of which only explain 10% to 20% of all patients with CAKUT, suggesting the presence of additional genes that cause CAKUT when mutated. Herein, we report two siblings of a consanguineous family with CAKUT, both of which rapidly progressed to chronic kidney disease in early childhood. Whole-exome sequencing followed by homozygosity mapping identified a homozygous variation in HOXA11. We therefore showed for the first time an association between a homozygous HOXA11 variation with CAKUT in humans, expanding the genetic spectrum of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seha Saygili
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Atayar
- Nephrogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nur Canpolat
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Elicevik
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sebuh Kurugoglu
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lale Sever
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Salim Caliskan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ozaltin
- Nephrogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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24
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Dumbrava MG, Lacanlale JL, Rowan CJ, Rosenblum ND. Transforming growth factor beta signaling functions during mammalian kidney development. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:1663-1672. [PMID: 32880018 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling during embryogenesis is implicated in severe congenital abnormalities, including kidney malformations. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie congenital kidney malformations related to TGFβ signaling remain poorly understood. Here, we review current understanding of the lineage-specific roles of TGFβ signaling during kidney development and how dysregulation of TGFβ signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of kidney malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai G Dumbrava
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jon L Lacanlale
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Christopher J Rowan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Norman D Rosenblum
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada.
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25
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Zheng C, Ballard EB, Wu J. The road to generating transplantable organs: from blastocyst complementation to interspecies chimeras. Development 2021; 148:dev195792. [PMID: 34132325 PMCID: PMC10656466 DOI: 10.1242/dev.195792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Growing human organs in animals sounds like something from the realm of science fiction, but it may one day become a reality through a technique known as interspecies blastocyst complementation. This technique, which was originally developed to study gene function in development, involves injecting donor pluripotent stem cells into an organogenesis-disabled host embryo, allowing the donor cells to compensate for missing organs or tissues. Although interspecies blastocyst complementation has been achieved between closely related species, such as mice and rats, the situation becomes much more difficult for species that are far apart on the evolutionary tree. This is presumably because of layers of xenogeneic barriers that are a result of divergent evolution. In this Review, we discuss the current status of blastocyst complementation approaches and, in light of recent progress, elaborate on the keys to success for interspecies blastocyst complementation and organ generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canbin Zheng
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopaedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Emily B. Ballard
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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26
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Sasaki K, Oguchi A, Cheng K, Murakawa Y, Okamoto I, Ohta H, Yabuta Y, Iwatani C, Tsuchiya H, Yamamoto T, Seita Y, Saitou M. The embryonic ontogeny of the gonadal somatic cells in mice and monkeys. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109075. [PMID: 33951437 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the early fetal stage, the gonads are bipotent and only later become the ovary or testis, depending on the genetic sex. Despite many studies examining how sex determination occurs from biopotential gonads, the spatial and temporal organization of bipotential gonads and their progenitors is poorly understood. Here, using lineage tracing in mice, we find that the gonads originate from a T+ primitive streak through WT1+ posterior intermediate mesoderm and appear to share origins anteriorly with the adrenal glands and posteriorly with the metanephric mesenchyme. Comparative single-cell transcriptomic analyses in mouse and cynomolgus monkey embryos reveal the convergence of the lineage trajectory and genetic programs accompanying the specification of biopotential gonadal progenitor cells. This process involves sustained expression of epithelial genes and upregulation of mesenchymal genes, thereby conferring an epithelial-mesenchymal hybrid state. Our study provides key resources for understanding early gonadogenesis in mice and primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Sasaki
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Akiko Oguchi
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Keren Cheng
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Murakawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ikuhiro Okamoto
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yabuta
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Chizuru Iwatani
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tsuchiya
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan; Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasunari Seita
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Bell Research Center for Reproductive Health and Cancer, Nagoya 460-0003, Japan
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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27
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Howden SE, Wilson SB, Groenewegen E, Starks L, Forbes TA, Tan KS, Vanslambrouck JM, Holloway EM, Chen YH, Jain S, Spence JR, Little MH. Plasticity of distal nephron epithelia from human kidney organoids enables the induction of ureteric tip and stalk. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:671-684.e6. [PMID: 33378647 PMCID: PMC8026527 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During development, distinct progenitors contribute to the nephrons versus the ureteric epithelium of the kidney. Indeed, previous human pluripotent stem-cell-derived models of kidney tissue either contain nephrons or pattern specifically to the ureteric epithelium. By re-analyzing the transcriptional distinction between distal nephron and ureteric epithelium in human fetal kidney, we show here that, while existing nephron-containing kidney organoids contain distal nephron epithelium and no ureteric epithelium, this distal nephron segment alone displays significant in vitro plasticity and can adopt a ureteric epithelial tip identity when isolated and cultured in defined conditions. "Induced" ureteric epithelium cultures can be cryopreserved, serially passaged without loss of identity, and transitioned toward a collecting duct fate. Cultures harboring loss-of-function mutations in PKHD1 also recapitulate the cystic phenotype associated with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Howden
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, 3052 VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia.
| | - Sean B Wilson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, 3052 VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Ella Groenewegen
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Lakshi Starks
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas A Forbes
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, 3052 VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Rd, Parkville, Melbourne, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Ker Sin Tan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Jason R Spence
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Melissa H Little
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, 3052 VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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28
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Shimizu T, Yamagata K, Osafune K. Kidney organoids: Research in developmental biology and emerging applications. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:166-177. [PMID: 33569792 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Kidney organoids generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have drastically changed the field of stem cell research on human kidneys within a few years. They are self-organizing multicellular structures that contain nephron components such as glomeruli and renal tubules in most cases, but hPSC-derived ureteric buds, the progenitors of collecting ducts and ureters, can also form three-dimensional organoids. Today's challenges facing human kidney organoids are further maturation and anatomical integrity in order to achieve a complete model of the developing kidneys and ultimately a complete adult organ. Since chronic kidney disease (CKD) and impaired kidney function are an increasing burden on public health worldwide, there is an urgent need to develop effective treatments for various renal conditions. In this regard, hPSC-derived kidney organoids may impact medicine by providing new translational approaches. The unique ability of kidney organoids derived from disease-specific hPSCs to reproduce human diseases caused by genetic alterations may help provide the next generation of kidney disease models. Recent advances in the field of kidney organoid research have been generally accompanied by progress in developmental biology and other technological breakthroughs. In this review, we consider the current trends in kidney organoid technology, especially focusing on the relationship to the study of human kidney development, and discuss the remaining hurdles and prospects in regenerating human kidney structures beyond organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Shimizu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Yamagata
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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29
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Neo WH, Lie-A-Ling M, Fadlullah MZH, Lacaud G. Contributions of Embryonic HSC-Independent Hematopoiesis to Organogenesis and the Adult Hematopoietic System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:631699. [PMID: 33681211 PMCID: PMC7930747 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.631699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During ontogeny, the establishment of the hematopoietic system takes place in several phases, separated both in time and location. The process is initiated extra-embryonically in the yolk sac (YS) and concludes in the main arteries of the embryo with the formation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Initially, it was thought that HSC-independent hematopoietic YS cells were transient, and only required to bridge the gap to HSC activity. However, in recent years it has become clear that these cells also contribute to embryonic organogenesis, including the emergence of HSCs. Furthermore, some of these early HSC-independent YS cells persist into adulthood as distinct hematopoietic populations. These previously unrecognized abilities of embryonic HSC-independent hematopoietic cells constitute a new field of interest. Here, we aim to provide a succinct overview of the current knowledge regarding the contribution of YS-derived hematopoietic cells to the development of the embryo and the adult hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hao Neo
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Lie-A-Ling
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Georges Lacaud
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
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30
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Sobreiro-Almeida R, Melica ME, Lasagni L, Romagnani P, Neves NM. Retinoic Acid Benefits Glomerular Organotypic Differentiation from Adult Renal Progenitor Cells In Vitro. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1406-1419. [PMID: 33538982 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
When in certain culture conditions, organotypic cultures are able to mimic developmental stages of an organ, generating higher-order structures containing functional subunits and progenitor niches. Despite the major advances in the area, researchers have not been able to fully recapitulate the complexity of kidney tissue. Pluripotent stem cells are extensively used in the field, but very few studies make use of adult stem cells. Herein, we describe a simple and feasible method for achieving glomerular epithelial differentiation on an organotypic model comprising human renal progenitor cells from adult kidney (hRPCs). Their glomerular differentiative potential was studied using retinoic acid (RA), a fundamental molecule for intermediate mesoderm induction on early embryogenesis. Immunofluorescence, specific cell surface markers expression and gene expression analysis confirm the glomerular differentiative potential of RA in a short-term culture. We also compared the potential of RA with a potent WNT agonist, CHIR99021, on the differentiative capacity of hRPCs. Gene expression and immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that hRPCs are more sensitive to RA stimulation when compared to CHIR9901. Endothelial cells were also included on the spheroids, resulting in a higher organizational level. The assembly potential of these cells and their selective stimulation will give new insights on adult organotypic cell culture studies and will hopefully guide more works in this important area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sobreiro-Almeida
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Maria Elena Melica
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Lasagni
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Nuno M Neves
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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31
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Agarwal S, Sudhini YR, Reiser J, Altintas MM. From Infancy to Fancy: A Glimpse into the Evolutionary Journey of Podocytes in Culture. KIDNEY360 2020; 2:385-397. [PMID: 35373019 PMCID: PMC8740988 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0006492020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are critical components of the filtration barrier and responsible for maintaining healthy kidney function. An assault on podocytes is generally associated with progression of chronic glomerular diseases. Therefore, podocyte pathophysiology is a favorite research subject for nephrologists. Despite this, podocyte research has lagged because of the unavailability of techniques for culturing such specialized cells ex vivo in quantities that are adequate for mechanistic studies. In recent years, this problem was circumvented by the efforts of researchers, who successfully developed several in vitro podocyte cell culture model systems that paved the way for incredible discoveries in the field of nephrology. This review sets us on a journey that provides a comprehensive insight into the groundbreaking breakthroughs and novel technologic advances made in the field of podocyte cell culture so far, beginning from its inception, evolution, and progression. In this study, we also describe in detail the pros and cons of different models that are being used to culture podocytes. Our extensive and exhaustive deliberation on the status of podocyte cell culture will facilitate researchers to choose wisely an appropriate model for their own research to avoid potential pitfalls in the future.
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32
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An In Vitro Differentiation Protocol for Human Embryonic Bipotential Gonad and Testis Cell Development. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:1377-1391. [PMID: 33217324 PMCID: PMC7724470 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently an in vitro model that fully recapitulates the human embryonic gonad is lacking. Here we describe a fully defined feeder-free protocol to generate early testis-like cells with the ability to be cultured as an organoid, from human induced pluripotent stem cells. This stepwise approach uses small molecules to mimic embryonic development, with upregulation of bipotential gonad markers (LHX9, EMX2, GATA4, and WT1) at day 10 of culture, followed by induction of testis Sertoli cell markers (SOX9, WT1, and AMH) by day 15. Aggregation into 3D structures and extended culture on Transwell filters yielded organoids with defined tissue structures and distinct Sertoli cell marker expression. These studies provide insight into human gonadal development, suggesting that a population of precursor cells may originate from a more lateral region of the mesoderm. Our protocol represents a significant advance toward generating a much-needed human gonad organoid for studying disorders/differences of sex development.
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33
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Gupta✉ N, Dilmen E, Morizane R. 3D kidney organoids for bench-to-bedside translation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 99:477-487. [PMID: 33034708 PMCID: PMC8026465 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The kidneys are essential organs that filter the blood, removing urinary waste while maintaining fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Current conventional research models such as static cell cultures and animal models are insufficient to grasp the complex human in vivo situation or lack translational value. To accelerate kidney research, novel research tools are required. Recent developments have allowed the directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells to generate kidney organoids. Kidney organoids resemble the human kidney in vitro and can be applied in regenerative medicine and as developmental, toxicity, and disease models. Although current studies have shown great promise, challenges remain including the immaturity, limited reproducibility, and lack of perfusable vascular and collecting duct systems. This review gives an overview of our current understanding of nephrogenesis that enabled the generation of kidney organoids. Next, the potential applications of kidney organoids are discussed followed by future perspectives. This review proposes that advancement in kidney organoid research will be facilitated through our increasing knowledge on nephrogenesis and combining promising techniques such as organ-on-a-chip models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Gupta✉
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- The Wyss Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Emre Dilmen
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- The Wyss Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA USA
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34
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Fujimoto T, Yamanaka S, Tajiri S, Takamura T, Saito Y, Matsumoto N, Matsumoto K, Tachibana T, Okano HJ, Yokoo T. Generation of Human Renal Vesicles in Mouse Organ Niche Using Nephron Progenitor Cell Replacement System. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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35
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Abstract
The lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) forms the progenitor cells that constitute the heart and cardiovascular system, blood, kidneys, smooth muscle lineage and limb skeleton in the developing vertebrate embryo. Despite this central role in development and evolution, the LPM remains challenging to study and to delineate, owing to its lineage complexity and lack of a concise genetic definition. Here, we outline the processes that govern LPM specification, organization, its cell fates and the inferred evolutionary trajectories of LPM-derived tissues. Finally, we discuss the development of seemingly disparate organ systems that share a common LPM origin. Summary: The lateral plate mesoderm is the origin of several major cell types and organ systems in the vertebrate body plan. How this mesoderm territory emerges and partitions into its downstream fates provides clues about vertebrate development and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin D Prummel
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Susan Nieuwenhuize
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Mosimann
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA .,Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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36
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Little MH, Quinlan C. Advances in our understanding of genetic kidney disease using kidney organoids. Pediatr Nephrol 2020; 35:915-926. [PMID: 31065797 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-019-04259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A significant proportion of kidney disease presenting in childhood is likely genetic in origin with a growing number of genes implicated in its development. However, many children may have changes in previously undescribed or unrecognised genes. The recent development of methods for generating human kidney organoids from human pluripotent stem cells has the potential to substantially change the rate of diagnosis and the development of new treatments for some forms of genetic kidney disease. In this review, we discuss how accurately a kidney organoid models the human kidney, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of these potentially patient-derived models of renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa H Little
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd., Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Catherine Quinlan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd., Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Rd., Parkville, VIC, Australia
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37
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Abstract
Human kidney tissue can now be generated via the directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. This advance is anticipated to facilitate the modeling of human kidney diseases, provide platforms for nephrotoxicity screening, enable cellular therapy, and potentially generate tissue for renal replacement. All such applications will rely upon the accuracy and reliability of the model and the capacity for stem cell-derived kidney tissue to recapitulate both normal and diseased states. In this review, we discuss the models available, how well they recapitulate the human kidney, and how far we are from application of these cells for use in cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa H Little
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; .,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lorna J Hale
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;
| | - Sara E Howden
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; .,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Santhosh V Kumar
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; .,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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38
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Khoshdel Rad N, Aghdami N, Moghadasali R. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Kidney Development: From the Embryo to the Kidney Organoid. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:183. [PMID: 32266264 PMCID: PMC7105577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the metanephric kidney is strongly dependent on complex signaling pathways and cell-cell communication between at least four major progenitor cell populations (ureteric bud, nephron, stromal, and endothelial progenitors) in the nephrogenic zone. In recent years, the improvement of human-PSC-derived kidney organoids has opened new avenues of research on kidney development, physiology, and diseases. Moreover, the kidney organoids provide a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model for the study of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in the developing kidney. In vitro re-creation of a higher-order and vascularized kidney with all of its complexity is a challenging issue; however, some progress has been made in the past decade. This review focuses on major signaling pathways and transcription factors that have been identified which coordinate cell fate determination required for kidney development. We discuss how an extensive knowledge of these complex biological mechanisms translated into the dish, thus allowed the establishment of 3D human-PSC-derived kidney organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Khoshdel Rad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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39
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Takasato M, Wymeersch FJ. Challenges to future regenerative applications using kidney organoids. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Cargill KR, Chiba T, Murali A, Mukherjee E, Crinzi E, Sims-Lucas S. Prenatal hypoxia increases susceptibility to kidney injury. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229618. [PMID: 32084244 PMCID: PMC7034911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal hypoxia is a gestational stressor that can result in developmental abnormalities or physiological reprogramming, and often decreases cellular capacity against secondary stress. When a developing fetus is exposed to hypoxia, blood flow is preferentially redirected to vital organs including the brain and heart over other organs including the kidney. Hypoxia-induced injury can lead to structural malformations in the kidney; however, even in the absence of structural lesions, hypoxia can physiologically reprogram the kidney leading to decreased function or increased susceptibility to injury. Our investigation in mice reveals that while prenatal hypoxia does not affect normal development of the kidneys, it primes the kidneys to have an increased susceptibility to kidney injury later in life. We found that our model does not develop structural abnormalities when prenatally exposed to modest 12% O2 as evident by normal histological characterization and gene expression analysis. Further, adult renal structure and function is comparable to mice exposed to ambient oxygen throughout nephrogenesis. However, after induction of kidney injury with a nephrotoxin (cisplatin), the offspring of mice housed in hypoxia exhibit significantly reduced renal function and proximal tubule damage following injury. We conclude that exposure to prenatal hypoxia in utero physiologically reprograms the kidneys leading to increased susceptibility to injury later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey R. Cargill
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Takuto Chiba
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anjana Murali
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elina Mukherjee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Crinzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sunder Sims-Lucas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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41
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Nishikawa M, Sakai Y, Yanagawa N. Design and strategy for manufacturing kidney organoids. Biodes Manuf 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-020-00060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Glass NR, Takasako M, Er PX, Titmarsh DM, Hidalgo A, Wolvetang EJ, Little MH, Cooper-White JJ. Multivariate patterning of human pluripotent cells under perfusion reveals critical roles of induced paracrine factors in kidney organoid development. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaw2746. [PMID: 31934619 PMCID: PMC6949035 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw2746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Creating complex multicellular kidney organoids from pluripotent stem cells shows great promise. Further improvements in differentiation outcomes, patterning, and maturation of specific cell types are, however, intrinsically limited by standard tissue culture approaches. We describe a novel full factorial microbioreactor array-based methodology to achieve rapid interrogation and optimization of this complex multicellular differentiation process in a facile manner. We successfully recapitulate early kidney tissue patterning events, exploring more than 1000 unique conditions in an unbiased and quantitative manner, and define new media combinations that achieve near-pure renal cell type specification. Single-cell resolution identification of distinct renal cell types within multilayered kidney organoids, coupled with multivariate analysis, defined the definitive roles of Wnt, fibroblast growth factor, and bone morphogenetic protein signaling in their specification, exposed retinoic acid as a minimal effector of nephron patterning, and highlighted critical contributions of induced paracrine factors on cell specification and patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick R. Glass
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Minoru Takasako
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd., Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Pei Xuan Er
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd., Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Drew M. Titmarsh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alejandro Hidalgo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ernst J. Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- UQ Centre in Stem Cell and Regenerative Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Melissa H. Little
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd., Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Justin J. Cooper-White
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- UQ Centre in Stem Cell and Regenerative Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Manufacturing Flagship, CSIRO, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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43
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Kuure S, Sariola H. Mouse Models of Congenital Kidney Anomalies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1236:109-136. [PMID: 32304071 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2389-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are common birth defects, which cause the majority of chronic kidney diseases in children. CAKUT covers a wide range of malformations that derive from deficiencies in embryonic kidney and lower urinary tract development, including renal aplasia, hypodysplasia, hypoplasia, ectopia, and different forms of ureter abnormalities. The majority of the genetic causes of CAKUT remain unknown. Research on mutant mice has identified multiple genes that critically regulate renal differentiation. The data generated from this research have served as an excellent resource to identify the genetic bases of human kidney defects and have led to significantly improved diagnostics. Furthermore, genetic data from human CAKUT studies have also revealed novel genes regulating kidney differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Kuure
- GM-Unit, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hannu Sariola
- Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Paediatric Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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44
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Towards manufacturing of human organoids. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 39:107460. [PMID: 31626951 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Organoids are 3D miniature versions of organs produced from stem cells derived from either patient or healthy individuals in vitro that recapitulate the actual organ. Organoid technology has ensured an alternative to pre-clinical drug testing as well as being currently used for "personalized medicine" to modulate the treatment as they are uniquely identical to each patient's genetic makeup. Researchers have succeeded in producing different types of organoids and have demonstrated their efficient application in various fields such as disease modeling, pathogenesis, drug screening and regenerative medicine. There are several protocols for fabricating organoids in vitro. In this comprehensive review, we focus on key methods of producing organoids and manufacturing considerations for each of them while providing insights on the advantages, applications and challenges of these methods. We also discuss pertinent challenges faced during organoid manufacturing and various bioengineering approaches that can improve the organoid manufacturing process. Organoids size, number and the reproducibility of the fabrication processes are touched upon. The major factors which are involved in organoids manufacturing such as spatio-temporal controls, scaffold designs/types, cell culture parameters and vascularization have been highlighted.
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45
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Abstract
There are now many reports of human kidney organoids generated via the directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) based on an existing understanding of mammalian kidney organogenesis. Such kidney organoids potentially represent tractable tools for the study of normal human development and disease with improvements in scale, structure, and functional maturation potentially providing future options for renal regeneration. The utility of such organotypic models, however, will ultimately be determined by their developmental accuracy. While initially inferred from mouse models, recent transcriptional analyses of human fetal kidney have provided greater insight into nephrogenesis. In this review, we discuss how well human kidney organoids model the human fetal kidney and how the remaining differences challenge their utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa H Little
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alexander N Combes
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
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46
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Yamanaka S, Saito Y, Fujimoto T, Takamura T, Tajiri S, Matsumoto K, Yokoo T. Kidney Regeneration in Later-Stage Mouse Embryos via Transplanted Renal Progenitor Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:2293-2305. [PMID: 31548350 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The limited availability of donor kidneys for transplantation has spurred interest in investigating alternative strategies, such as regenerating organs from stem cells transplanted into animal embryos. However, there is no known method for transplanting cells into later-stage embryos, which may be the most suitable host stages for organogenesis, particularly into regions useful for kidney regeneration. METHODS We demonstrated accurate transplantation of renal progenitor cells expressing green fluorescent protein to the fetal kidney development area by incising the opaque uterine muscle layer but not the transparent amniotic membrane. We allowed renal progenitor cell-transplanted fetuses to develop for 6 days postoperatively before removal for analysis. We also transplanted renal progenitor cells into conditional kidney-deficient mouse embryos. We determined growth and differentiation of transplanted cells in all cases. RESULTS Renal progenitor cell transplantation into the retroperitoneal cavity of fetuses at E13-E14 produced transplant-derived, vascularized glomeruli with filtration function and did not affect fetal growth or survival. Cells transplanted to the nephrogenic zone produced a chimera in the cap mesenchyme of donor and host nephron progenitor cells. Renal progenitor cells transplanted to conditional kidney-deficient fetuses induced the formation of a new nephron in the fetus that is connected to the host ureteric bud. CONCLUSIONS We developed a cell transplantation method for midstage to late-stage fetuses. In vivo kidney regeneration from renal progenitor cells using the renal developmental environment of the fetus shows promise. Our findings suggest that fetal transplantation methods may contribute to organ regeneration and developmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichiro Yamanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yatsumu Saito
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinari Fujimoto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takamura
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Tajiri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Matsumoto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Sthijns MMJPE, LaPointe VLS, van Blitterswijk CA. Building Complex Life Through Self-Organization. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:1341-1346. [PMID: 31411111 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are inherently conferred with the ability to self-organize into the tissues and organs comprising the human body. Self-organization can be recapitulated in vitro and recent advances in the organoid field are just one example of how we can generate small functioning elements of organs. Tissue engineers can benefit from the power of self-organization and should consider how they can harness and enhance the process with their constructs. For example, aggregates of stem cells and tissue-specific cells benefit from the input of carefully selected biomolecules to guide their differentiation toward a mature phenotype. This can be further enhanced by the use of technologies to provide a physiological microenvironment for self-organization, enhance the size of the constructs, and enable the long-term culture of self-organized structures. Of importance, conducting self-organization should be limited to fine-tuning and should avoid over-engineering that could counteract the power of inherent cellular self-organization. Impact Statement Self-organization is a powerful innate feature of cells that can be fine-tuned but not over-engineered to create new tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille M J P E Sthijns
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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48
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O'Hara RE, Arsenault MG, Esparza Gonzalez BP, Patriquen A, Hartwig S. Three Optimized Methods for In Situ Quantification of Progenitor Cell Proliferation in Embryonic Kidneys Using BrdU, EdU, and PCNA. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2019; 6:2054358119871936. [PMID: 31523438 PMCID: PMC6734617 DOI: 10.1177/2054358119871936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nephron progenitor cells derived from the metanephric mesenchyme undergo a complex balance of self-renewal and differentiation throughout kidney development to give rise to the mature nephron. Cell proliferation is an important index of progenitor population dynamics. However, accurate and reproducible in situ quantification of cell proliferation within progenitor populations can be technically difficult to achieve due to the complexity and harsh tissue treatment required of certain protocols. Objective: To optimize and compare the performance of the 3 most accurate S phase–specific labeling methods used for in situ detection and quantification of nephron progenitor and ureteric bud cell proliferation in the developing kidney, namely, 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU), 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Methods: Protocols for BrdU, EdU, and PCNA were optimized for fluorescence labeling on paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded mouse kidney tissue sections, with co-labeling of nephron progenitor cells and ureteric bud with Six2 and E-cadherin antibodies, respectively. Image processing and analysis, including quantification of proliferating cells, were carried out using free ImageJ software. Results: All 3 methods detect similar ratios of nephron progenitor and ureteric bud proliferating cells. The BrdU staining protocol is the lengthiest and most complex protocol to perform, requires tissue denaturation, and is most subject to interexperimental signal variability. In contrast, bound PCNA and EdU protocols are relatively more straightforward, consistently yield clear results, and far more easily lend themselves to co-staining; however, the bound PCNA protocol requires substantive additional postexperimental analysis to distinguish the punctate nuclear PCNA staining pattern characteristic of proliferating cells. Conclusions: All 3 markers exhibit distinct advantages and disadvantages in quantifying cell proliferation in kidney progenitor populations, with EdU and PCNA protocols being favored due to greater technical ease and reproducibility of results associated with these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie E O'Hara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Michel G Arsenault
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Blanca P Esparza Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Ashley Patriquen
- Diagnostic Services, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Sunny Hartwig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
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49
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Vanslambrouck JM, Wilson SB, Tan KS, Soo JYC, Scurr M, Spijker HS, Starks LT, Neilson A, Cui X, Jain S, Little MH, Howden SE. A Toolbox to Characterize Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Kidney Cell Types and Organoids. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1811-1823. [PMID: 31492807 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019030303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The generation of reporter lines for cell identity, lineage, and physiologic state has provided a powerful tool in advancing the dissection of mouse kidney morphogenesis at a molecular level. Although use of this approach is not an option for studying human development in vivo, its application in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is now feasible. METHODS We used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to generate ten fluorescence reporter iPSC lines designed to identify nephron progenitors, podocytes, proximal and distal nephron, and ureteric epithelium. Directed differentiation to kidney organoids was performed according to published protocols. Using immunofluorescence and live confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and cell sorting techniques, we investigated organoid patterning and reporter expression characteristics. RESULTS Each iPSC reporter line formed well patterned kidney organoids. All reporter lines showed congruence of endogenous gene and protein expression, enabling isolation and characterization of kidney cell types of interest. We also demonstrated successful application of reporter lines for time-lapse imaging and mouse transplantation experiments. CONCLUSIONS We generated, validated, and applied a suite of fluorescence iPSC reporter lines for the study of morphogenesis within human kidney organoids. This fluorescent iPSC reporter toolbox enables the visualization and isolation of key populations in forming kidney organoids, facilitating a range of applications, including cellular isolation, time-lapse imaging, protocol optimization, and lineage-tracing approaches. These tools offer promise for enhancing our understanding of this model system and its correspondence with human kidney morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean B Wilson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ker Sin Tan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne Y-C Soo
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Scurr
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Siebe Spijker
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lakshi T Starks
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amber Neilson
- Department of Genetics, Genome Engineering and iPSC Center and
| | - Xiaoxia Cui
- Department of Genetics, Genome Engineering and iPSC Center and
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Translational Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Melissa Helen Little
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; .,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics and.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara E Howden
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics and
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50
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Prummel KD, Hess C, Nieuwenhuize S, Parker HJ, Rogers KW, Kozmikova I, Racioppi C, Brombacher EC, Czarkwiani A, Knapp D, Burger S, Chiavacci E, Shah G, Burger A, Huisken J, Yun MH, Christiaen L, Kozmik Z, Müller P, Bronner M, Krumlauf R, Mosimann C. A conserved regulatory program initiates lateral plate mesoderm emergence across chordates. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3857. [PMID: 31451684 PMCID: PMC6710290 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular lineages develop together with kidney, smooth muscle, and limb connective tissue progenitors from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). How the LPM initially emerges and how its downstream fates are molecularly interconnected remain unknown. Here, we isolate a pan-LPM enhancer in the zebrafish-specific draculin (drl) gene that provides specific LPM reporter activity from early gastrulation. In toto live imaging and lineage tracing of drl-based reporters captures the dynamic LPM emergence as lineage-restricted mesendoderm field. The drl pan-LPM enhancer responds to the transcription factors EomesoderminA, FoxH1, and MixL1 that combined with Smad activity drive LPM emergence. We uncover specific activity of zebrafish-derived drl reporters in LPM-corresponding territories of several chordates including chicken, axolotl, lamprey, Ciona, and amphioxus, revealing a universal upstream LPM program. Altogether, our work provides a mechanistic framework for LPM emergence as defined progenitor field, possibly representing an ancient mesodermal cell state that predates the primordial vertebrate embryo. Numerous tissues are derived from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) but how this is specified is unclear. Here, the authors identify a pan-LPM reporter activity found in the zebrafish draculin (drl) gene that also shows transgenic activity in LPM-corresponding territories of several chordates, including chicken, axolotl, lamprey, Ciona, and amphioxus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin D Prummel
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Hess
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Susan Nieuwenhuize
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Hugo J Parker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Katherine W Rogers
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Iryna Kozmikova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Claudia Racioppi
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Eline C Brombacher
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Anna Czarkwiani
- TUD-CRTD Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Dunja Knapp
- TUD-CRTD Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Sibylle Burger
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Elena Chiavacci
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Gopi Shah
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Alexa Burger
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Jan Huisken
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, 01307, Germany.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Maximina H Yun
- TUD-CRTD Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Lionel Christiaen
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Zbynek Kozmik
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Müller
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Marianne Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Robb Krumlauf
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland.
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