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Hong W, Zhang M, Wang F, Li Z, Li Z, Wei J, Song M, Qian Y, Pang S, Wang L, Zhao H, Cao M, Shi J, Liang Y. Special Distribution of Nanoplastics in the Central Nervous System of Zebrafish during Early Development. ACS NANO 2024; 18:17509-17520. [PMID: 38918939 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
There is growing concern about the distribution of nanoplastics (NPs) in the central nervous system (CNS), whereas intrusion is poorly understood. In this study, fluorescent-labeled polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs) were microinjected into different areas of zebrafish embryo to mimic different routes of exposure. PS-NPs were observed in the brain, eyes, and spinal cord through gametal exposure. It indicated that maternally derived PS-NPs were specially distributed in the CNS of zebrafish during early development. Importantly, these NPs were stranded in the CNS but not transferred to other organs during development. Furthermore, using neuron GFP-labeled transgenic zebrafish, colocalization between NPs and the neuron cells revealed that NPs were mostly enriched in the CNS surrounded but not the neurons. Even so, the intrusion of NPs into the CNS induced the significant upregulation of some neurotransmitter receptors, leading to an inhibited effect on the movement of zebrafish larvae. This work provides insights into understanding the intrusion and distribution of NPs in the CNS and the subsequent potential adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Hong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Fengbang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhunjie Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Jinbo Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Maoyong Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - Shaochen Pang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Haobin Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Mengxi Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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Youlten SE, Miao L, Hoppe C, Boswell CW, Musaev D, Abdelmessih M, Krishnaswamy S, Tornini VA, Giraldez AJ. Novel cell states arise in embryonic cells devoid of key reprogramming factors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.593729. [PMID: 38798464 PMCID: PMC11118305 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.593729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The capacity for embryonic cells to differentiate relies on a large-scale reprogramming of the oocyte and sperm nucleus into a transient totipotent state. In zebrafish, this reprogramming step is achieved by the pioneer factors Nanog, Pou5f3, and Sox19b (NPS). Yet, it remains unclear whether cells lacking this reprogramming step are directed towards wild type states or towards novel developmental canals in the Waddington landscape of embryonic development. Here we investigate the developmental fate of embryonic cells mutant for NPS by analyzing their single-cell gene expression profiles. We find that cells lacking the first developmental reprogramming steps can acquire distinct cell states. These states are manifested by gene expression modules that result from a failure of nuclear reprogramming, the persistence of the maternal program, and the activation of somatic compensatory programs. As a result, most mutant cells follow new developmental canals and acquire new mixed cell states in development. In contrast, a group of mutant cells acquire primordial germ cell-like states, suggesting that NPS-dependent reprogramming is dispensable for these cell states. Together, these results demonstrate that developmental reprogramming after fertilization is required to differentiate most canonical developmental programs, and loss of the transient totipotent state canalizes embryonic cells into new developmental states in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E. Youlten
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Liyun Miao
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Caroline Hoppe
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Curtis W. Boswell
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Damir Musaev
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mario Abdelmessih
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Current Address: AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Valerie A. Tornini
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Antonio J. Giraldez
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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3
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Ramkumar N, Richardson C, O'Brien M, Butt FA, Park J, Chao AT, Bagnat M, Poss K, Di Talia S. Phased ERK-responsiveness and developmental robustness regulate teleost skin morphogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.593750. [PMID: 38798380 PMCID: PMC11118522 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.593750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Elongation of the vertebrate embryonic axis necessitates rapid expansion of the epidermis to accommodate the growth of underlying tissues. Here, we generated a toolkit to visualize and quantify signaling in entire cell populations of periderm, the outermost layer of the epidermis, in live developing zebrafish. We find that oriented cell divisions facilitate growth of the early periderm during axial elongation rather than cell addition from the basal layer. Activity levels of ERK, a downstream effector of MAPK pathway, gauged by a live biosensor, predicts cell cycle entry, and optogenetic ERK activation controls proliferation dynamics. As development proceeds, rates of peridermal cell proliferation decrease, ERK activity becomes more pulsatile and functionally transitions to promote hypertrophic cell growth. Targeted genetic blockade of cell division generates animals with oversized periderm cells, yet, unexpectedly, development to adulthood is not impaired. Our findings reveal stage-dependent differential responsiveness to ERK signaling and marked developmental robustness in growing teleost skin.
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Mendola RJ, Biswas L, Schindler K, Walmsley RH, Russell H, Angle M, Garrisi GJ. Influx of zwitterionic buffer after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) membrane piercing alters the transcriptome of human oocytes. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:1341-1356. [PMID: 38436798 PMCID: PMC11143126 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE/STUDY QUESTION Does piercing oocyte membranes during ICSI allow the influx of surrounding zwitterionic buffer into human oocytes and result in altered developmental competence? METHODS Human oocytes directed to IRB-approved research were used to determine the unrestricted influx of surrounding buffer into the oocyte after piercing of membranes via confocal fluorescence microscopy (n = 80 human MII oocytes) and the influence of the select buffer influx of HEPES, MOPS, and bicarbonate buffer on the oocyte transcriptome using ultra-low input RNA sequencing (n = 40 human MII oocytes). RESULTS Piercing membranes of human MII oocytes during sham-ICSI resulted in the unrestricted influx of surrounding culture buffer into the oocyte that was beyond technician control. Transcriptome analysis revealed statistically significant decreased cytoskeletal transcripts in the pierced buffer cohorts, higher levels of embryo competency transcripts (IGF2 and G6PD) in the bicarbonate buffer cohort, higher levels of stress-induced transcriptional repressor transcripts (MAF1) in the HEPES and MOPS cohorts, and decreased levels of numerous chromosomal maintenance transcripts (SMC3) in the HEPES buffer cohort. The HEPES buffer cohort also revealed higher levels of transcripts suggesting increased oxidative (GPX1) and lysosomal stress (LAMP1). CONCLUSION The influence of zwitterionic buffer on intrinsic cellular mechanisms provides numerous concerns for their use in IVF clinical applications. The primary concern is the ICSI procedure, in which the surrounding buffer is allowed influx into the oocytes after membrane piercing. Selecting a physiological bicarbonate buffer may reduce imposed stress on oocytes, resulting in improved embryo development and clinical results because intracellular MOPS, and especially HEPES, may negatively impact intrinsic biological mechanisms, as revealed by transcriptome changes. These findings further support the utilization of bicarbonate buffer as the oocyte-holding medium during ICSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Mendola
- Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Science (IRMS) at Saint Barnabas, Livingston, NJ, USA.
| | - Leelabati Biswas
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Karen Schindler
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Renee H Walmsley
- Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Science (IRMS) at Saint Barnabas, Livingston, NJ, USA
| | - Helena Russell
- Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS), Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Marlane Angle
- Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS), Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - G John Garrisi
- Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Science (IRMS) at Saint Barnabas, Livingston, NJ, USA
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5
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Chambers BE, Weaver NE, Lara CM, Nguyen TK, Wingert RA. (Zebra)fishing for nephrogenesis genes. Tissue Barriers 2024; 12:2219605. [PMID: 37254823 PMCID: PMC11042071 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2219605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a devastating condition affecting millions of people worldwide, where over 100,000 patients in the United States alone remain waiting for a lifesaving organ transplant. Concomitant with a surge in personalized medicine, single-gene mutations, and polygenic risk alleles have been brought to the forefront as core causes of a spectrum of renal disorders. With the increasing prevalence of kidney disease, it is imperative to make substantial strides in the field of kidney genetics. Nephrons, the core functional units of the kidney, are epithelial tubules that act as gatekeepers of body homeostasis by absorbing and secreting ions, water, and small molecules to filter the blood. Each nephron contains a series of proximal and distal segments with explicit metabolic functions. The embryonic zebrafish provides an ideal platform to systematically dissect the genetic cues governing kidney development. Here, we review the use of zebrafish to discover nephrogenesis genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E. Chambers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana (IN), USA
| | - Nicole E. Weaver
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana (IN), USA
| | - Caroline M. Lara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana (IN), USA
| | - Thanh Khoa Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana (IN), USA
| | - Rebecca A. Wingert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana (IN), USA
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6
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Mitic N, Neuschulz A, Spanjaard B, Schneider J, Fresmann N, Novoselc KT, Strunk T, Münster L, Olivares-Chauvet P, Ninkovic J, Junker JP. Dissecting the spatiotemporal diversity of adult neural stem cells. Mol Syst Biol 2024; 20:321-337. [PMID: 38365956 PMCID: PMC10987636 DOI: 10.1038/s44320-024-00022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells are important for tissue turnover and regeneration. However, in most adult systems it remains elusive how stem cells assume different functional states and support spatially patterned tissue architecture. Here, we dissected the diversity of neural stem cells in the adult zebrafish brain, an organ that is characterized by pronounced zonation and high regenerative capacity. We combined single-cell transcriptomics of dissected brain regions with massively parallel lineage tracing and in vivo RNA metabolic labeling to analyze the regulation of neural stem cells in space and time. We detected a large diversity of neural stem cells, with some subtypes being restricted to a single brain region, while others were found globally across the brain. Global stem cell states are linked to neurogenic differentiation, with different states being involved in proliferative and non-proliferative differentiation. Our work reveals principles of adult stem cell organization and establishes a resource for the functional manipulation of neural stem cell subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Mitic
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Neuschulz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastiaan Spanjaard
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Schneider
- Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical Faculty, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Nora Fresmann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klara Tereza Novoselc
- Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical Faculty, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Taraneh Strunk
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Münster
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pedro Olivares-Chauvet
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical Faculty, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Junker
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Manning E, Placzek M. Organizing activities of axial mesoderm. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 157:83-123. [PMID: 38556460 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
For almost a century, developmental biologists have appreciated that the ability of the embryonic organizer to induce and pattern the body plan is intertwined with its differentiation into axial mesoderm. Despite this, we still have a relatively poor understanding of the contribution of axial mesoderm to induction and patterning of different body regions, and the manner in which axial mesoderm-derived information is interpreted in tissues of changing competence. Here, with a particular focus on the nervous system, we review the evidence that axial mesoderm notochord and prechordal mesoderm/mesendoderm act as organizers, discuss how their influence extends through the different axes of the developing organism, and describe how the ability of axial mesoderm to direct morphogenesis impacts on its role as a local organizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Manning
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Marysia Placzek
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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8
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Liu Z, Meng Y, Ishikura A, Kawakami A. Live tracking of basal stem cells of the epidermis during growth, homeostasis and injury response in zebrafish. Development 2024; 151:dev202315. [PMID: 38265193 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Basal stem cells of the epidermis continuously differentiate into keratinocytes and replenish themselves via self-renewal to maintain skin homeostasis. Numerous studies have attempted to reveal how basal cells undergo differentiation or self-renewal; however, this has been hampered by a lack of robust basal cell markers and analytical platforms that allow single-cell tracking. Here, we report that zebrafish integrin beta 4 is a useful marker for basal cell labelling, irrespective of the body region, stage and regenerative status. We employed Cre-loxP recombination in combination with live cell tracking of single basal clones in the caudal fin and investigated the embryonic origin and behaviour of basal cells during fish growth and homeostasis. Although most basal cells, including those in fins, became quiescent in the adult stage, genetic cell ablation showed that basal cells were reactivated to either self-renew or differentiate, depending on the injured cell type. Our study provides a simple and easy-to-use platform for quantitative in vivo imaging of basal stem cells at wider stages and under various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengcheng Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology , Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yidan Meng
- School of Life Science and Technology , Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Ayu Ishikura
- School of Life Science and Technology , Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- School of Life Science and Technology , Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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9
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Sur A, Wang Y, Capar P, Margolin G, Prochaska MK, Farrell JA. Single-cell analysis of shared signatures and transcriptional diversity during zebrafish development. Dev Cell 2023; 58:3028-3047.e12. [PMID: 37995681 PMCID: PMC11181902 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
During development, animals generate distinct cell populations with specific identities, functions, and morphologies. We mapped transcriptionally distinct populations across 489,686 cells from 62 stages during wild-type zebrafish embryogenesis and early larval development (3-120 h post-fertilization). Using these data, we identified the limited catalog of gene expression programs reused across multiple tissues and their cell-type-specific adaptations. We also determined the duration each transcriptional state is present during development and identify unexpected long-term cycling populations. Focused clustering and transcriptional trajectory analyses of non-skeletal muscle and endoderm identified transcriptional profiles and candidate transcriptional regulators of understudied cell types and subpopulations, including the pneumatic duct, individual intestinal smooth muscle layers, spatially distinct pericyte subpopulations, and recently discovered best4+ cells. To enable additional discoveries, we make this comprehensive transcriptional atlas of early zebrafish development available through our website, Daniocell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Sur
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Yiqun Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Paulina Capar
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gennady Margolin
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Morgan Kathleen Prochaska
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Farrell
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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10
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Fan YL, Hsu FR, Wang Y, Liao LD. Unlocking the Potential of Zebrafish Research with Artificial Intelligence: Advancements in Tracking, Processing, and Visualization. Med Biol Eng Comput 2023; 61:2797-2814. [PMID: 37558927 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02903-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish have become a widely accepted model organism for biomedical research due to their strong cortisol stress response, behavioral strain differences, and sensitivity to both drug treatments and predators. However, experimental zebrafish studies generate substantial data that must be analyzed through objective, accurate, and repeatable analysis methods. Recently, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled automated tracking, image recognition, and data analysis, leading to more efficient and insightful investigations. In this review, we examine key AI applications in zebrafish research, including behavior analysis, genomics, and neuroscience. With the development of deep learning technology, AI algorithms have been used to precisely analyze and identify images of zebrafish, enabling automated testing and analysis. By applying AI algorithms in genomics research, researchers have elucidated the relationship between genes and biology, providing a better basis for the development of disease treatments and gene therapies. Additionally, the development of more effective neuroscience tools could help researchers better understand the complex neural networks in the zebrafish brain. In the future, further advancements in AI technology are expected to enable more extensive and in-depth medical research applications in zebrafish, improving our understanding of this important animal model. This review highlights the potential of AI technology in achieving the full potential of zebrafish research by enabling researchers to efficiently track, process, and visualize the outcomes of their experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Fan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Hsu
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Yuhling Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National United University, 2, Lien-Da, Nan-Shih Li, Miaoli, 360302, Taiwan
| | - Lun-De Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.
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11
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Aman AJ, Saunders LM, Carr AA, Srivatasan S, Eberhard C, Carrington B, Watkins-Chow D, Pavan WJ, Trapnell C, Parichy DM. Transcriptomic profiling of tissue environments critical for post-embryonic patterning and morphogenesis of zebrafish skin. eLife 2023; 12:RP86670. [PMID: 37695017 PMCID: PMC10495112 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigment patterns and skin appendages are prominent features of vertebrate skin. In zebrafish, regularly patterned pigment stripes and an array of calcified scales form simultaneously in the skin during post-embryonic development. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate stripe patterning and scale morphogenesis may lead to the discovery of fundamental mechanisms that govern the development of animal form. To learn about cell types and signaling interactions that govern skin patterning and morphogenesis, we generated and analyzed single-cell transcriptomes of skin from wild-type fish as well as fish having genetic or transgenically induced defects in squamation or pigmentation. These data reveal a previously undescribed population of epidermal cells that express transcripts encoding enamel matrix proteins, suggest hormonal control of epithelial-mesenchymal signaling, clarify the signaling network that governs scale papillae development, and identify a critical role for the hypodermis in supporting pigment cell development. Additionally, these comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic data representing skin phenotypes of biomedical relevance should provide a useful resource for accelerating the discovery of mechanisms that govern skin development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Aman
- Department of Biology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Lauren M Saunders
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - August A Carr
- Department of Biology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Sanjay Srivatasan
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Colten Eberhard
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Blake Carrington
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Dawn Watkins-Chow
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - William J Pavan
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - David M Parichy
- Department of Biology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
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12
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Kukreja K, Patel N, Megason SG, Klein AM. Global decoupling of cell differentiation from cell division in early embryo development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.29.551123. [PMID: 37546736 PMCID: PMC10402169 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.29.551123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
As tissues develop, cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation, we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single-cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. In the absence of cell division, differentiation slows down in some cell types, and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division, the proportions of cells across cell states are not. This work simplifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo-wide perturbations with single-cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalki Kukreja
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikit Patel
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean G Megason
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allon M Klein
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Sur A, Wang Y, Capar P, Margolin G, Farrell JA. Single-cell analysis of shared signatures and transcriptional diversity during zebrafish development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.20.533545. [PMID: 36993555 PMCID: PMC10055256 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.20.533545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
During development, animals generate distinct cell populations with specific identities, functions, and morphologies. We mapped transcriptionally distinct populations across 489,686 cells from 62 stages during wild-type zebrafish embryogenesis and early larval development (3-120 hours post-fertilization). Using these data, we identified the limited catalog of gene expression programs reused across multiple tissues and their cell-type-specific adaptations. We also determined the duration each transcriptional state is present during development and suggest new long-term cycling populations. Focused analyses of non-skeletal muscle and the endoderm identified transcriptional profiles of understudied cell types and subpopulations, including the pneumatic duct, individual intestinal smooth muscle layers, spatially distinct pericyte subpopulations, and homologs of recently discovered human best4+ enterocytes. The transcriptional regulators of these populations remain unknown, so we reconstructed gene expression trajectories to suggest candidates. To enable additional discoveries, we make this comprehensive transcriptional atlas of early zebrafish development available through our website, Daniocell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Sur
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Yiqun Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Paulina Capar
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Gennady Margolin
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Jeffrey A. Farrell
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814
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14
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Abstract
During gastrulation, early embryos specify and reorganise the topology of their germ layers. Surprisingly, this fundamental and early process does not appear to be rigidly constrained by evolutionary pressures; instead, the morphology of gastrulation is highly variable throughout the animal kingdom. Recent experimental results demonstrate that it is possible to generate different alternative gastrulation modes in single organisms, such as in early cnidarian, arthropod and vertebrate embryos. Here, we review the mechanisms that underlie the plasticity of vertebrate gastrulation both when experimentally manipulated and during evolution. Using the insights obtained from these experiments we discuss the effects of the increase in yolk volume on the morphology of gastrulation and provide new insights into two crucial innovations during amniote gastrulation: the transition from a ring-shaped mesoderm domain in anamniotes to a crescent-shaped domain in amniotes, and the evolution of the reptilian blastoporal plate/canal into the avian primitive streak.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cornelis J. Weijer
- School of Life Sciences Research Complex, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
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15
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Sendra M, de Dios Hourcade J, Temiño S, Sarabia AJ, Ocaña OH, Domínguez JN, Torres M. Cre recombinase microinjection for single-cell tracing and localised gene targeting. Development 2023; 150:286898. [PMID: 36734327 PMCID: PMC10110498 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tracing and manipulating cells in embryos are essential to understand development. Lipophilic dye microinjections, viral transfection and iontophoresis have been key to map the origin of the progenitor cells that form the different organs in the post-implantation mouse embryo. These techniques require advanced manipulation skills and only iontophoresis, a demanding approach of limited efficiency, has been used for single-cell labelling. Here, we perform lineage tracing and local gene ablation using cell-permeant Cre recombinase (TAT-Cre) microinjection. First, we map the fate of undifferentiated progenitors to the different heart chambers. Then, we achieve single-cell recombination by titrating the dose of TAT-Cre, which allows clonal analysis of nascent mesoderm progenitors. Finally, injecting TAT-Cre to Mycnflox/flox embryos in the primitive heart tube revealed that Mycn plays a cell-autonomous role in maintaining cardiomyocyte proliferation. This tool will help researchers identify the cell progenitors and gene networks involved in organ development, helping to understand the origin of congenital defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Sendra
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan de Dios Hourcade
- Transgenesis Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Temiño
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio J Sarabia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Oscar H Ocaña
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Jorge N Domínguez
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Torres
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Liu J, Kong W, Liu Y, Ma Q, Shao Q, Zeng L, Chao Y, Song X, Zhang J. Stage-Related Neurotoxicity of BPA in the Development of Zebrafish Embryos. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11020177. [PMID: 36851052 PMCID: PMC9963847 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most widely produced chemicals in the world used in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. BPA is easily migrated from the outer packaging to the contents. Due to the lipophilic property, BPA is easily accumulated in organisms. Perinatal low-dose BPA exposure alters brain neural development in later generations. In this study, after BPA treatment, the spontaneous movement of zebrafish larvae from the cleavage period to the segmentation period (1-24 hpf) was significantly decreased, with speed decreasing by 18.97% and distance decreasing between 18.4 and 29.7% compared to controls. Transcriptomics analysis showed that 131 genes were significantly differentially expressed in the exposed group during the 1-24 hpf period, among which 39 genes were significantly upregulated and 92 genes were significantly downregulated. The GO enrichment analysis, gene function analysis and real-time quantitative PCR of differentially expressed genes showed that the mRNA level of guanine deaminase (cypin) decreased significantly in the 1-24 hpf period. Moreover, during the 1-24 hpf period, BPA exposure reduced guanine deaminase activity. Therefore, we confirmed that cypin is a key sensitive gene for BPA during this period. Finally, the cypin mRNA microinjection verified that the cypin level of zebrafish larvae was restored, leading to the restoration of the locomotor activity. Taken together, the current results show that the sensitive period of BPA to zebrafish embryos is from the cleavage period to the segmentation period (1-24 hpf), and cypin is a potential target for BPA-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity. This study provides a potential sensitive period and a potential target for the deep understanding of neurodevelopmental toxicity mechanisms caused by BPA.
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17
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Concha ML, Reig G. Origin, form and function of extraembryonic structures in teleost fishes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210264. [PMID: 36252221 PMCID: PMC9574637 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleost eggs have evolved a highly derived early developmental pattern within vertebrates as a result of the meroblastic cleavage pattern, giving rise to a polar stratified architecture containing a large acellular yolk and a small cellular blastoderm on top. Besides the acellular yolk, the teleost-specific yolk syncytial layer (YSL) and the superficial epithelial enveloping layer are recognized as extraembryonic structures that play critical roles throughout embryonic development. They provide enriched microenvironments in which molecular feedback loops, cellular interactions and mechanical signals emerge to sculpt, among other things, embryonic patterning along the dorsoventral and left-right axes, mesendodermal specification and the execution of morphogenetic movements in the early embryo and during organogenesis. An emerging concept points to a critical role of extraembryonic structures in reinforcing early genetic and morphogenetic programmes in reciprocal coordination with the embryonic blastoderm, providing the necessary boundary conditions for development to proceed. In addition, the role of the enveloping cell layer in providing mechanical, osmotic and immunological protection during early stages of development, and the autonomous nutritional support provided by the yolk and YSL, have probably been key aspects that have enabled the massive radiation of teleosts to colonize every ecological niche on the Earth. This article is part of the theme issue 'Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel L. Concha
- Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Germán Reig
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica y del Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 7800003, Chile
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18
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Wang X, Shi X, Zheng S, Zhang Q, Peng J, Tan W, Wu K. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) exposures interfere with behaviors and transcription of genes on nervous and muscle system in zebrafish embryos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157816. [PMID: 35931148 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) has been widely detected in environment and organisms. PFOS has been identified as the driving agent for the behavioral changes of zebrafish larvae, while the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, zebrafish embryos/larvae were exposed to 0, 0.04, 0.1, 0.4 and 1 μM PFOS for 166 h. The locomotor behaviors and the mRNA transcription of genes in neuromuscular system were detected. Exposure to PFOS did not affect the hatching/death rates and body length, but increased the heart beat rates and frequency of spontaneous tail coiling. Locomotor behavior in zebrafish larvae of 0.4 and 1 μM PFOS groups were increased in the light condition. Additionally, the levels of acetylcholine (Ach) in 0.4 μM PFOS group and dopamine (DA) in 0.1, 0.4 and 1 μM PFOS groups were found to be significantly increased. The expression of genes related to the synthesis and decomposition of ACh,the synthesis and receptor of DA, and fosab was increased in the different PFOS treatment groups, while the expression of all the other genes of the neuromuscular system were significantly reduced. The findings of this investigation demonstrated that PFOS exposure may alter the locomotor behavior of zebrafish through disrupting the expressions of genes in neuromuscular system. The disturbed process of neurotransmitter transmission and muscle contraction caused by PFOS may be the dominant mechanism of hyperactivity in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Medical Record Statistics Office, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Shi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shukai Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajun Peng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
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19
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Ohashi ASC, de Souza Schacher HR, Pizzato CS, Vianna MRMR, de Menezes LM. Zebrafish as model for studies in dentistry. J Orthod Sci 2022; 11:46. [PMID: 36411806 PMCID: PMC9674940 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_41_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the last years, zebrafish has gained prominence in the biomedical community. It is currently considered one of the best vertebrate animal models for various types of studies, such as toxicology and developmental biology. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on the use of zebrafish in dentistry and whether this animal model could be a viable alternative for performing different types of studies in this area. METHODS A literature search was performed using the PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source. The keywords used as search terms were zebrafish and dentistry. The selection criteria were articles published in English that used zebrafish as an animal model in dentistry, oral health, and craniofacial growth/development. RESULTS The electronic search of literature yielded 421 articles. After the analysis of the abstracts, 29 articles were selected for an in-depth analysis and reading of the full text. CONCLUSIONS All studies included in this review confirm zebrafish's excellence as an animal model for various types of dentistry studies, as well as assisting and complementing other studies involving mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S. C. Ohashi
- PhD Students, Dental Program, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Helena R. de Souza Schacher
- PhD Students, Dental Program, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Mônica R. M. R. Vianna
- Professor at the Postgraduate Programs in Biology Cellular and Molecular and in Ecology and Evolution of Biodiversity, ZebLab, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciane M. de Menezes
- Professor at the School of Health Sciences and life (Dental Program) of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil,Address for correspondence: Dr. Luciane M. de Menezes, Dental Program, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6681 Ipiranga Avenue, Building n. 6, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil. E-mail:
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20
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Rajan SG, Saxena A. Scents from the past: Lineage history and terminal identity in the olfactory system. NATURAL SCIENCES (WEINHEIM, GERMANY) 2022; 2:e20220037. [PMID: 36519073 PMCID: PMC9746709 DOI: 10.1002/ntls.20220037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sriivatsan G. Rajan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ankur Saxena
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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21
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Martin BL. Mesoderm induction and patterning: Insights from neuromesodermal progenitors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 127:37-45. [PMID: 34840081 PMCID: PMC9130346 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of mesoderm inducing signals helped usher in the era of molecular developmental biology, and today the mechanisms of mesoderm induction and patterning are still intensely studied. Mesoderm induction begins during gastrulation, but recent evidence in vertebrates shows that this process continues after gastrulation in a group of posteriorly localized cells called neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs). NMPs reside within the post-gastrulation embryonic structure called the tailbud, where they make a lineage decision between ectoderm (spinal cord) and mesoderm. The majority of NMP-derived mesoderm generates somites, but also contributes to lateral mesoderm fates such as endothelium. The discovery of NMPs provides a new paradigm in which to study vertebrate mesoderm induction. This review will discuss mechanisms of mesoderm induction within NMPs, and how they have informed our understanding of mesoderm induction more broadly within vertebrates as well as animal species outside of the vertebrate lineage. Special focus will be given to the signaling networks underlying NMP-derived mesoderm induction and patterning, as well as emerging work on the significance of partial epithelial-mesenchymal states in coordinating cell fate and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.
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22
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Bianco G, Coto-Llerena M, Gallon J, Kancherla V, Taha-Mehlitz S, Marinucci M, Konantz M, Srivatsa S, Montazeri H, Panebianco F, Tirunagaru VG, De Menna M, Paradiso V, Ercan C, Dahmani A, Montaudon E, Beerenwinkel N, Kruithof-de Julio M, Terracciano LM, Lengerke C, Jeselsohn RM, Doebele RC, Bidard FC, Marangoni E, Ng CKY, Piscuoglio S. GATA3 and MDM2 are synthetic lethal in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers. Commun Biol 2022; 5:373. [PMID: 35440675 PMCID: PMC9018745 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic lethal interactions, where the simultaneous but not individual inactivation of two genes is lethal to the cell, have been successfully exploited to treat cancer. GATA3 is frequently mutated in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers and its deficiency defines a subset of patients with poor response to hormonal therapy and poor prognosis. However, GATA3 is not yet targetable. Here we show that GATA3 and MDM2 are synthetically lethal in ER-positive breast cancer. Depletion and pharmacological inhibition of MDM2 significantly impaired tumor growth in GATA3-deficient models in vitro, in vivo and in patient-derived organoids/xenograft (PDOs/PDX) harboring GATA3 somatic mutations. The synthetic lethality requires p53 and acts via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Our results present MDM2 as a therapeutic target in the substantial cohort of ER-positive, GATA3-mutant breast cancer patients. With MDM2 inhibitors widely available, our findings can be rapidly translated into clinical trials to evaluate in-patient efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Bianco
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mairene Coto-Llerena
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - John Gallon
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Venkatesh Kancherla
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Taha-Mehlitz
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Marinucci
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martina Konantz
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sumana Srivatsa
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hesam Montazeri
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Federica Panebianco
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Marta De Menna
- Department of Biomedical Research, Urology Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Viola Paradiso
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caner Ercan
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Dahmani
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Montaudon
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Niko Beerenwinkel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Luigi M Terracciano
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rinath M Jeselsohn
- Division of Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte K Y Ng
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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23
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Cerrizuela S, Vega-Lopez GA, Méndez-Maldonado K, Velasco I, Aybar MJ. The crucial role of model systems in understanding the complexity of cell signaling in human neurocristopathies. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1537. [PMID: 35023327 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are useful to study the molecular, cellular, and morphogenetic mechanisms underlying normal and pathological development. Cell-based study models have emerged as an alternative approach to study many aspects of human embryonic development and disease. The neural crest (NC) is a transient, multipotent, and migratory embryonic cell population that generates a diverse group of cell types that arises during vertebrate development. The abnormal formation or development of the NC results in neurocristopathies (NCPs), which are characterized by a broad spectrum of functional and morphological alterations. The impaired molecular mechanisms that give rise to these multiphenotypic diseases are not entirely clear yet. This fact, added to the high incidence of these disorders in the newborn population, has led to the development of systematic approaches for their understanding. In this article, we have systematically reviewed the ways in which experimentation with different animal and cell model systems has improved our knowledge of NCPs, and how these advances might contribute to the development of better diagnostic and therapeutic tools for the treatment of these pathologies. This article is categorized under: Congenital Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Congenital Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cerrizuela
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Guillermo A Vega-Lopez
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Karla Méndez-Maldonado
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular del Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Manuel J Aybar
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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24
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van der Weele CM, Jeffery WR. Cavefish cope with environmental hypoxia by developing more erythrocytes and overexpression of hypoxia-inducible genes. eLife 2022; 11:69109. [PMID: 34984980 PMCID: PMC8765751 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dark caves lacking primary productivity can expose subterranean animals to hypoxia. We used the surface-dwelling (surface fish) and cave-dwelling (cavefish) morphs of Astyanax mexicanus as a model for understanding the mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance in the cave environment. Primitive hematopoiesis, which is restricted to the posterior lateral mesoderm in other teleosts, also occurs in the anterior lateral mesoderm in Astyanax, potentially pre-adapting surface fish for hypoxic cave colonization. Cavefish have enlarged both hematopoietic domains and develop more erythrocytes than surface fish, which are required for normal development in both morphs. Laboratory-induced hypoxia suppresses growth in surface fish but not in cavefish. Both morphs respond to hypoxia by overexpressing hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (hif1) pathway genes, and some hif1 genes are constitutively upregulated in normoxic cavefish to similar levels as in hypoxic surface fish. We conclude that cavefish cope with hypoxia by increasing erythrocyte development and constitutive hif1 gene overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William R Jeffery
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
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25
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Jones WD, Mullins MC. Cell signaling pathways controlling an axis organizing center in the zebrafish. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 150:149-209. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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26
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Saud HA, O'Neill PA, Ono Y, Verbruggen B, Van Aerle R, Kim J, Lee JS, Ring BC, Kudoh T. Molecular mechanisms of embryonic tail development in the self-fertilizing mangrove killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus. Development 2021; 148:273863. [PMID: 34951463 PMCID: PMC8722387 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Using the self-fertilizing mangrove killifish, we characterized two mutants, shorttail (stl) and balltail (btl). These mutants showed abnormalities in the posterior notochord and muscle development. Taking advantage of a highly inbred isogenic strain of the species, we rapidly identified the mutated genes, noto and msgn1 in the stl and btl mutants, respectively, using a single lane of RNA sequencing without the need of a reference genome or genetic mapping techniques. Next, we confirmed a conserved morphant phenotype in medaka and demonstrate a crucial role of noto and msgn1 in cell sorting between the axial and paraxial part of the tail mesoderm. This novel system could substantially accelerate future small-scale forward-genetic screening and identification of mutations. Therefore, the mangrove killifish could be used as a complementary system alongside existing models for future molecular genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein A Saud
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Paul A O'Neill
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Yosuke Ono
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Bas Verbruggen
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Ronny Van Aerle
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Jaebum Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Brian C Ring
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Math, Valdosta State University, 1500 N. Patterson St., Valdosta, GA 31698, USA
| | - Tetsuhiro Kudoh
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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27
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Head B, Traber MG. Expanding role of vitamin E in protection against metabolic dysregulation: Insights gained from model systems, especially the developing nervous system of zebrafish embryos. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:80-91. [PMID: 34555455 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses why the embryo requires vitamin E (VitE) and shows that its lack causes metabolic dysregulation and impacts morphological changes at very early stages in development, which occur prior to when a woman knows she is pregnant. VitE halts the chain reactions of lipid peroxidation (LPO). Metabolomic analyses indicate that thiols become depleted in E- embryos because LPO generates products that require compensation using limited amino acids and methyl donors that are also developmentally relevant. Thus, VitE protects metabolic networks and the integrated gene expression networks that control development. VitE is critical especially for neurodevelopment, which is dependent on trafficking by the α-tocopherol transfer protein (TTPa). VitE-deficient (E-) zebrafish embryos initially appear normal, but by 12 and 24 h post-fertilization (hpf) E- embryos are developmentally abnormal with expression of pax2a and sox10 mis-localized in the midbrain-hindbrain boundary, neural crest cells and throughout the spinal neurons. These patterning defects indicate cells that are especially in need of VitE-protection. They precede obvious morphological abnormalities (cranial-facial malformation, pericardial edema, yolksac edema, skewed body-axis) and impaired behavioral responses to locomotor activity tests. The TTPA gene (ttpa) is expressed at the leading edges of the brain ventricle border. Ttpa knockdown using morpholinos is 100% lethal by 24 hpf, while E- embryo brains are often over- or under-inflated at 24 hpf. Further, E- embryos prior to 24 hpf have increased expression of genes involved in glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, and decreased expression of genes involved in anabolic pathways and transcription. Combined data from both gene expression and the metabolome in E- embryos at 24 hpf suggest that the activity of the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is decreased, which may impact both metabolism and neurodevelopment. Further evaluation of VitE deficiency in neurogenesis and its subsequent impact on learning and behavior is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Head
- Linus Pauling Institute, Corvallis, OR, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Corvallis, OR, USA; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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28
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Huysseune A, Cerny R, Witten PE. The conundrum of pharyngeal teeth origin: the role of germ layers, pouches, and gill slits. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:414-447. [PMID: 34647411 PMCID: PMC9293187 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are several competing hypotheses on tooth origins, with discussions eventually settling in favour of an 'outside-in' scenario, in which internal odontodes (teeth) derived from external odontodes (skin denticles) in jawless vertebrates. The evolution of oral teeth from skin denticles can be intuitively understood from their location at the mouth entrance. However, the basal condition for jawed vertebrates is arguably to possess teeth distributed throughout the oropharynx (i.e. oral and pharyngeal teeth). As skin denticle development requires the presence of ectoderm-derived epithelium and of mesenchyme, it remains to be answered how odontode-forming skin epithelium, or its competence, were 'transferred' deep into the endoderm-covered oropharynx. The 'modified outside-in' hypothesis for tooth origins proposed that this transfer was accomplished through displacement of odontogenic epithelium, that is ectoderm, not only through the mouth, but also via any opening (e.g. gill slits) that connects the ectoderm to the epithelial lining of the pharynx (endoderm). This review explores from an evolutionary and from a developmental perspective whether ectoderm plays a role in (pharyngeal) tooth and denticle formation. Historic and recent studies on tooth development show that the odontogenic epithelium (enamel organ) of oral or pharyngeal teeth can be of ectodermal, endodermal, or of mixed ecto-endodermal origin. Comprehensive data are, however, only available for a few taxa. Interestingly, in these taxa, the enamel organ always develops from the basal layer of a stratified epithelium that is at least bilayered. In zebrafish, a miniaturised teleost that only retains pharyngeal teeth, an epithelial surface layer with ectoderm-like characters is required to initiate the formation of an enamel organ from the basal, endodermal epithelium. In urodele amphibians, the bilayered epithelium is endodermal, but the surface layer acquires ectodermal characters, here termed 'epidermalised endoderm'. Furthermore, ectoderm-endoderm contacts at pouch-cleft boundaries (i.e. the prospective gill slits) are important for pharyngeal tooth initiation, even if the influx of ectoderm via these routes is limited. A balance between sonic hedgehog and retinoic acid signalling could operate to assign tooth-initiating competence to the endoderm at the level of any particular pouch. In summary, three characters are identified as being required for pharyngeal tooth formation: (i) pouch-cleft contact, (ii) a stratified epithelium, of which (iii) the apical layer adopts ectodermal features. These characters delimit the area in which teeth can form, yet cannot alone explain the distribution of teeth over the different pharyngeal arches. The review concludes with a hypothetical evolutionary scenario regarding the persisting influence of ectoderm on pharyngeal tooth formation. Studies on basal osteichthyans with less-specialised types of early embryonic development will provide a crucial test for the potential role of ectoderm in pharyngeal tooth formation and for the 'modified outside-in' hypothesis of tooth origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Huysseune
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Robert Cerny
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - P Eckhard Witten
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
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Midazolam Exposure Impedes Oligodendrocyte Development via the Translocator Protein and Impairs Myelination in Larval Zebrafish. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:93-106. [PMID: 34626343 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anesthetics are commonly used in various medical procedures. Accumulating evidence suggests that early-life anesthetics exposure in infants and children affects brain development, causing psychiatric and neurological disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Using zebrafish larvae as a model, we found that the proliferation and migration of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) were severely impaired by the exposure of midazolam (MDZ), an anesthetic widely used in pediatric surgery and intensive care medicine, leading to a reduction of oligodendroglial lineage cell in the dorsal spinal cord. This defect was mimicked by the bath application of translocator protein (TSPO) agonists and partially rescued by genetic downregulation of TSPO. Cell transplantation experiments showed that requirement of TSPO for MDZ-induced oligodendroglial lineage cell defects is cell-autonomous. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy and in vivo electrophysiological recording experiments demonstrated that MDZ exposure caused axon hypomyelination and action potential propagation retardation, resulting in delayed behavior initiation. Thus, our findings reveal that MDZ affects oligodendroglial lineage cell development and myelination in young animals, raising the care about its clinic use in infants and children.
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30
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Urushibata H, Sasaki K, Takahashi E, Hanada T, Fujimoto T, Arai K, Yamaha E. Control of Developmental Speed in Zebrafish Embryos Using Different Incubation Temperatures. Zebrafish 2021; 18:316-325. [PMID: 34491109 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2021.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is a valuable model organism that is widely used in studies of vertebrate development. In the laboratory, zebrafish embryonic development is normally carried out at 28.5°C. In this study, we sought to determine whether it was possible to modify the speed of embryonic development through the use of short- and long-term variations in incubation temperature. After incubation at 20°C-32°C, most early-stage embryos survived to the epiboly stage, whereas more than half of the embryos died at <20°C or >32°C. The rate of development differed between embryos incubated at the lowest (18°C) and highest (34°C) temperatures: a difference of 60 min was observed at the 2-cell stage and 290 min at the 1k-cell stage. When blastulae that had developed at 28°C were transferred to a temperature lower than 18°C for one or more hours, they developed normally after being returned to the original 28°C. Analyses using green fluorescent protein-buckyball mRNA and in situ hybridization against vasa mRNA showed that primordial germ cells increase under low-temperature culture; this response may be of use for studies involving heterochronic germ cell transplantation. Our study shows that embryonic developmental speed can be slowed, which will be of value for performing time-consuming, complicated, and delicate microsurgical operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaro Urushibata
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Genetics and Genomics, Faculty and Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan.,Nanae Freshwater Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Nanae, Japan.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Genetics and Genomics, Faculty and Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Eisuke Takahashi
- Nanae Freshwater Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Nanae, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Hanada
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Takafumi Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Genetics and Genomics, Faculty and Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Arai
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Genetics and Genomics, Faculty and Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Etsuro Yamaha
- Nanae Freshwater Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Nanae, Japan
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31
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Pulgar E, Schwayer C, Guerrero N, López L, Márquez S, Härtel S, Soto R, Heisenberg CP, Concha ML. Apical contacts stemming from incomplete delamination guide progenitor cell allocation through a dragging mechanism. eLife 2021; 10:66483. [PMID: 34448451 PMCID: PMC8460252 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The developmental strategies used by progenitor cells to allow a safe journey from their induction place towards the site of terminal differentiation are still poorly understood. Here, we uncovered a mechanism of progenitor cell allocation that stems from an incomplete process of epithelial delamination that allows progenitors to coordinate their movement with adjacent extra-embryonic tissues. Progenitors of the zebrafish laterality organ originate from the superficial epithelial enveloping layer by an apical constriction process of cell delamination. During this process, progenitors retain long-lasting apical contacts that enable the epithelial layer to pull a subset of progenitors on their way to the vegetal pole. The remaining delaminated cells follow the movement of apically attached progenitors by a protrusion-dependent cell-cell contact mechanism, avoiding sequestration by the adjacent endoderm, ensuring their collective fate and allocation at the site of differentiation. Thus, we reveal that incomplete delamination serves as a cellular platform for coordinated tissue movements during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Pulgar
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cornelia Schwayer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Néstor Guerrero
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreto López
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susana Márquez
- Physics Department, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Steffen Härtel
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile.,National Center for Health Information Systems, CENS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Soto
- Physics Department, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Miguel L Concha
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
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32
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Dujardin P, Baginska AK, Urban S, Grüner BM. Unraveling Tumor Heterogeneity by Using DNA Barcoding Technologies to Develop Personalized Treatment Strategies in Advanced-Stage PDAC. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4187. [PMID: 34439341 PMCID: PMC8394487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is a hallmark of many solid tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and an inherent consequence of the clonal evolution of cancers. As such, it is considered the underlying concept of many characteristics of the disease, including the ability to metastasize, adapt to different microenvironments, and to develop therapy resistance. Undoubtedly, the high mortality of PDAC can be attributed to a high extent to these properties. Despite its apparent importance, studying tumor heterogeneity has been a challenging task, mainly due to its complexity and lack of appropriate methods. However, in recent years molecular DNA barcoding has emerged as a sophisticated tool that allows mapping of individual cells or subpopulations in a cell pool to study heterogeneity and thus devise new personalized treatment strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of genetic and non-genetic inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity and its impact on (personalized) treatment strategies in PDAC and address how DNA barcoding technologies work and can be applied to study this clinically highly relevant question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Dujardin
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen at the University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (S.U.)
| | - Anna K. Baginska
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen at the University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (S.U.)
| | - Sebastian Urban
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen at the University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (S.U.)
| | - Barbara M. Grüner
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen at the University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (S.U.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, 45147 Essen, Germany
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33
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Zhang X, Wu Z, Bu M, Hu R, Zhang X, Li W, Chen L. The CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein Beta (cebpb) is essential for the development of enveloping layer (EVL) in zebrafish. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Rajan SG, Nacke LM, Dhingra JS, Saxena A. Notch signaling mediates olfactory multiciliated cell specification. Cells Dev 2021; 168:203715. [PMID: 34217886 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial multiciliated cells (MCCs) use motile cilia to direct external fluid flow, the disruption of which is associated with human diseases in a broad array of organs such as those in the respiratory, reproductive, and renal systems. While many of the signaling pathways that regulate MCC formation in these organ systems have been identified, similar characterization of MCC differentiation in the developing olfactory system has been lacking. Here, using live cell tracking, targeted cell ablation, and temporally-specific inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway, we identify the earliest time window of zebrafish olfactory MCC (OMCC) differentiation and demonstrate these cells' derivation from peridermal cells. We also describe regionally segregated Notch signaling across time points of rapid OMCC differentiation and show that Notch signaling downregulation yields an increase in OMCCs, suggesting that OMCC fate is normally repressed in a region-specific manner during olfactory development. Finally, we describe Notch signaling's regulation of the differentiation/ciliogenesis-associated genes foxj1a and foxj1b. Taken together, these findings provide new insights into the origins and developmental programming of OMCCs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriivatsan G Rajan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Lynne M Nacke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jagjot S Dhingra
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Ankur Saxena
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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35
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Yin C, Peterman E, Rasmussen JP, Parrish JZ. Transparent Touch: Insights From Model Systems on Epidermal Control of Somatosensory Innervation. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:680345. [PMID: 34135734 PMCID: PMC8200473 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.680345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory neurons (SSNs) densely innervate our largest organ, the skin, and shape our experience of the world, mediating responses to sensory stimuli including touch, pressure, and temperature. Historically, epidermal contributions to somatosensation, including roles in shaping innervation patterns and responses to sensory stimuli, have been understudied. However, recent work demonstrates that epidermal signals dictate patterns of SSN skin innervation through a variety of mechanisms including targeting afferents to the epidermis, providing instructive cues for branching morphogenesis, growth control and structural stability of neurites, and facilitating neurite-neurite interactions. Here, we focus onstudies conducted in worms (Caenorhabditis elegans), fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), and zebrafish (Danio rerio): prominent model systems in which anatomical and genetic analyses have defined fundamental principles by which epidermal cells govern SSN development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jay Z. Parrish
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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36
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Hudson C, Yasuo H. Neuromesodermal Lineage Contribution to CNS Development in Invertebrate and Vertebrate Chordates. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040592. [PMID: 33920662 PMCID: PMC8073528 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascidians are invertebrate chordates and the closest living relative to vertebrates. In ascidian embryos a large part of the central nervous system arises from cells associated with mesoderm rather than ectoderm lineages. This seems at odds with the traditional view of vertebrate nervous system development which was thought to be induced from ectoderm cells, initially with anterior character and later transformed by posteriorizing signals, to generate the entire anterior-posterior axis of the central nervous system. Recent advances in vertebrate developmental biology, however, show that much of the posterior central nervous system, or spinal cord, in fact arises from cells that share a common origin with mesoderm. This indicates a conserved role for bi-potential neuromesoderm precursors in chordate CNS formation. However, the boundary between neural tissue arising from these distinct neural lineages does not appear to be fixed, which leads to the notion that anterior-posterior patterning and neural fate formation can evolve independently.
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37
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Blackiston D, Lederer E, Kriegman S, Garnier S, Bongard J, Levin M. A cellular platform for the development of synthetic living machines. Sci Robot 2021; 6:6/52/eabf1571. [PMID: 34043553 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abf1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Robot swarms have, to date, been constructed from artificial materials. Motile biological constructs have been created from muscle cells grown on precisely shaped scaffolds. However, the exploitation of emergent self-organization and functional plasticity into a self-directed living machine has remained a major challenge. We report here a method for generation of in vitro biological robots from frog (Xenopus laevis) cells. These xenobots exhibit coordinated locomotion via cilia present on their surface. These cilia arise through normal tissue patterning and do not require complicated construction methods or genomic editing, making production amenable to high-throughput projects. The biological robots arise by cellular self-organization and do not require scaffolds or microprinting; the amphibian cells are highly amenable to surgical, genetic, chemical, and optical stimulation during the self-assembly process. We show that the xenobots can navigate aqueous environments in diverse ways, heal after damage, and show emergent group behaviors. We constructed a computational model to predict useful collective behaviors that can be elicited from a xenobot swarm. In addition, we provide proof of principle for a writable molecular memory using a photoconvertible protein that can record exposure to a specific wavelength of light. Together, these results introduce a platform that can be used to study many aspects of self-assembly, swarm behavior, and synthetic bioengineering, as well as provide versatile, soft-body living machines for numerous practical applications in biomedicine and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Lederer
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Sam Kriegman
- Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Simon Garnier
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Joshua Bongard
- Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA. .,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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38
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Wymeersch FJ, Wilson V, Tsakiridis A. Understanding axial progenitor biology in vivo and in vitro. Development 2021; 148:148/4/dev180612. [PMID: 33593754 DOI: 10.1242/dev.180612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The generation of the components that make up the embryonic body axis, such as the spinal cord and vertebral column, takes place in an anterior-to-posterior (head-to-tail) direction. This process is driven by the coordinated production of various cell types from a pool of posteriorly-located axial progenitors. Here, we review the key features of this process and the biology of axial progenitors, including neuromesodermal progenitors, the common precursors of the spinal cord and trunk musculature. We discuss recent developments in the in vitro production of axial progenitors and their potential implications in disease modelling and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip J Wymeersch
- Laboratory for Human Organogenesis, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Valerie Wilson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Anestis Tsakiridis
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN UK .,Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
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39
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Next-Generation Lineage Tracing and Fate Mapping to Interrogate Development. Dev Cell 2020; 56:7-21. [PMID: 33217333 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lineage tracing and fate mapping, overlapping yet distinct disciplines to follow cells and their progeny, have evolved rapidly over the last century. Lineage tracing aims to identify all progeny arising from an individual cell, placing them within a lineage hierarchy. The recent emergence of genomic technologies, such as single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, has fostered sophisticated new methods to reconstruct lineage relationships at high resolution. In contrast, fate maps, schematics showing which parts of the embryo will develop into which tissue, have remained relatively static since the 1970s. However, fate maps provide spatial information, often lost in lineage reconstruction, that can offer fundamental mechanistic insight into development. Here, we broadly review the origins of fate mapping and lineage tracing approaches. We focus on the most recent developments in lineage tracing, permitted by advances in single-cell genomics. Finally, we explore the current potential to leverage these new technologies to synthesize high-resolution fate maps and discuss their potential for interrogating development at new depths.
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40
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Pang M, Bai L, Zong W, Wang X, Bu Y, Xiong C, Zheng J, Li J, Gao W, Feng Z, Chen L, Zhang J, Cheng H, Zhu X, Xiong JW. Light-sheet fluorescence imaging charts the gastrula origin of vascular endothelial cells in early zebrafish embryos. Cell Discov 2020; 6:74. [PMID: 33133634 PMCID: PMC7588447 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-020-00204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains challenging to construct a complete cell lineage map of the origin of vascular endothelial cells in any vertebrate embryo. Here, we report the application of in toto light-sheet fluorescence imaging of embryos to trace the origin of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) at single-cell resolution in zebrafish. We first adapted a previously reported method to embryo mounting and light-sheet imaging, created an alignment, fusion, and extraction all-in-one software (AFEIO) for processing big data, and performed quantitative analysis of cell lineage relationships using commercially available Imaris software. Our data revealed that vascular ECs originated from broad regions of the gastrula along the dorsal–ventral and anterior–posterior axes, of which the dorsal–anterior cells contributed to cerebral ECs, the dorsal–lateral cells to anterior trunk ECs, and the ventral–lateral cells to posterior trunk and tail ECs. Therefore, this work, to our knowledge, charts the first comprehensive map of the gastrula origin of vascular ECs in zebrafish, and has potential applications for studying the origin of any embryonic organs in zebrafish and other model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Pang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Linlu Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weijian Zong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ye Bu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Connie Xiong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiyuan Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jieyi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weizheng Gao
- School of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiheng Feng
- School of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liangyi Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- School of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing-Wei Xiong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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41
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Lanza AR, Seaver EC. Functional evidence that Activin/Nodal signaling is required for establishing the dorsal-ventral axis in the annelid Capitella teleta. Development 2020; 147:147/18/dev189373. [PMID: 32967906 PMCID: PMC7522025 DOI: 10.1242/dev.189373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The TGF-β superfamily comprises two distinct branches: the Activin/Nodal and BMP pathways. During development, signaling by this superfamily regulates a variety of embryological processes, and it has a conserved role in patterning the dorsal-ventral body axis. Recent studies show that BMP signaling establishes the dorsal-ventral axis in some mollusks. However, previous pharmacological inhibition studies in the annelid Capitella teleta, a sister clade to the mollusks, suggests that the dorsal-ventral axis is patterned via Activin/Nodal signaling. Here, we determine the role of both the Activin/Nodal and BMP pathways as they function in Capitella axis patterning. Antisense morpholino oligonucleotides were targeted to Ct-Smad2/3 and Ct-Smad1/5/8, transcription factors specific to the Activin/Nodal and BMP pathways, respectively. Following microinjection of zygotes, resulting morphant larvae were scored for axial anomalies. We demonstrate that the Activin/Nodal pathway of the TGF-β superfamily, but not the BMP pathway, is the primary dorsal-ventral patterning signal in Capitella. These results demonstrate variation in the molecular control of axis patterning across spiralians, despite sharing a conserved cleavage program. We suggest that these findings represent an example of developmental system drift. Summary: Morpholino knockdown experiments in the annelid Capitella teleta demonstrate that the dorsal-ventral axis is primarily patterned by the Activin/Nodal pathway of the TGF-β superfamily, rather than by the BMP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis R Lanza
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, 9505 Ocean Shore Boulevard, St Augustine, FL 32080-8610, USA
| | - Elaine C Seaver
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, 9505 Ocean Shore Boulevard, St Augustine, FL 32080-8610, USA
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42
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Mruk K, Ciepla P, Piza PA, Alnaqib MA, Chen JK. Targeted cell ablation in zebrafish using optogenetic transcriptional control. Development 2020; 147:dev183640. [PMID: 32414936 PMCID: PMC7328002 DOI: 10.1242/dev.183640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell ablation is a powerful method for elucidating the contributions of individual cell populations to embryonic development and tissue regeneration. Targeted cell loss in whole organisms has been typically achieved through expression of a cytotoxic or prodrug-activating gene product in the cell type of interest. This approach depends on the availability of tissue-specific promoters, and it does not allow further spatial selectivity within the promoter-defined region(s). To address this limitation, we have used the light-inducible GAVPO transactivator in combination with two genetically encoded cell-ablation technologies: the nitroreductase/nitrofuran system and a cytotoxic variant of the M2 ion channel. Our studies establish ablative methods that provide the tissue specificity afforded by cis-regulatory elements and the conditionality of optogenetics. Our studies also demonstrate differences between the nitroreductase and M2 systems that influence their efficacies for specific applications. Using this integrative approach, we have ablated cells in zebrafish embryos with both spatial and temporal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mruk
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Paulina Ciepla
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Patrick A Piza
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mohammad A Alnaqib
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - James K Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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43
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Bruce AEE, Winklbauer R. Brachyury in the gastrula of basal vertebrates. Mech Dev 2020; 163:103625. [PMID: 32526279 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2020.103625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Brachyury gene encodes a transcription factor that is conserved across all animals. In non-chordate metazoans, brachyury is primarily expressed in ectoderm regions that are added to the endodermal gut during development, and often form a ring around the site of endoderm internalization in the gastrula, the blastopore. In chordates, this brachyury ring is conserved, but the gene has taken on a new role in the formation of the mesoderm. In this phylum, a novel type of mesoderm that develops into notochord and somites has been added to the ancestral lateral plate mesoderm. Brachyury contributes to a shift in cell fate from neural ectoderm to posterior notochord and somites during a major lineage segregation event that in Xenopus and in the zebrafish takes place in the early gastrula. In the absence of this brachyury function, impaired formation of posterior mesoderm indirectly affects the gastrulation movements of peak involution and convergent extension. These movements are confined to specific regions and stages, leaving open the question why brachyury expression in an extensive, coherent ring, before, during and after gastrulation, is conserved in the two species whose gastrulation modes differ considerably, and also in many other metazoan gastrulae of diverse structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E E Bruce
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Rudolf Winklbauer
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Canada.
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44
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Multiple epithelia are required to develop teeth deep inside the pharynx. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11503-11512. [PMID: 32398375 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000279117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To explain the evolutionary origin of vertebrate teeth from odontodes, it has been proposed that competent epithelium spread into the oropharyngeal cavity via the mouth and other possible channels such as the gill slits [Huysseune et al., 2009, J. Anat. 214, 465-476]. Whether tooth formation deep inside the pharynx in extant vertebrates continues to require external epithelia has not been addressed so far. Using zebrafish we have previously demonstrated that cells derived from the periderm penetrate the oropharyngeal cavity via the mouth and via the endodermal pouches and connect to periderm-like cells that subsequently cover the entire endoderm-derived pharyngeal epithelium [Rosa et al., 2019, Sci. Rep. 9, 10082]. We now provide conclusive evidence that the epithelial component of pharyngeal teeth in zebrafish (the enamel organ) is derived from medial endoderm, as hitherto assumed based on position deep in the pharynx. Yet, dental morphogenesis starts only after the corresponding endodermal pouch (pouch 6) has made contact with the skin ectoderm, and only after periderm-like cells have covered the prospective tooth-forming endodermal epithelium. Manipulation of signaling pathways shown to adversely affect tooth development indicates they act downstream of these events. We demonstrate that pouch-ectoderm contact and the presence of a periderm-like layer are both required, but not sufficient, for tooth initiation in the pharynx. We conclude that the earliest interactions to generate pharyngeal teeth encompass those between different epithelial populations (skin ectoderm, endoderm, and periderm-like cells in zebrafish), in addition to the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that govern the formation of all vertebrate teeth.
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45
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McKinley KL, Castillo-Azofeifa D, Klein OD. Tools and Concepts for Interrogating and Defining Cellular Identity. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:632-656. [PMID: 32386555 PMCID: PMC7250495 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Defining the mechanisms that generate specialized cell types and coordinate their functions is critical for understanding organ development and renewal. New tools and discoveries are challenging and refining our definitions of a cell type. A rapidly growing toolkit for single-cell analyses has expanded the number of markers that can be assigned to a cell simultaneously, revealing heterogeneity within cell types that were previously regarded as homogeneous populations. Additionally, cell types defined by specific molecular markers can exhibit distinct, context-dependent functions; for example, between tissues in homeostasis and those responding to damage. Here we review the current technologies used to identify and characterize cells, and we discuss how experimental and pathological perturbations are adding increasing complexity to our definitions of cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L McKinley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Castillo-Azofeifa
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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46
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Prasad MS, Uribe-Querol E, Marquez J, Vadasz S, Yardley N, Shelar PB, Charney RM, García-Castro MI. Blastula stage specification of avian neural crest. Dev Biol 2020; 458:64-74. [PMID: 31610145 PMCID: PMC7050198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell fate specification defines the earliest steps towards a distinct cell lineage. Neural crest, a multipotent stem cell population, is thought to be specified from the ectoderm, but its varied contributions defy canons of segregation potential and challenges its embryonic origin. Aiming to resolve this conflict, we have assayed the earliest specification of neural crest using blastula stage chick embryos. Specification assays on isolated chick epiblast explants identify an intermediate region specified towards the neural crest cell fate. Furthermore, low density culture suggests that the specification of intermediate cells towards the neural crest lineage is independent of contact mediated induction and Wnt-ligand induced signaling, but is, however, dependent on transcriptional activity of β-catenin. Finally, we have validated the regional identity of the intermediate region towards the neural crest cell fate using fate map studies. Our results suggest a model of neural crest specification within a restricted epiblast region in blastula stage chick embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneeshi S Prasad
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrick B Shelar
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Rebekah M Charney
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Martín I García-Castro
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, USA.
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47
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48
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Pudelko L, Edwards S, Balan M, Nyqvist D, Al-Saadi J, Dittmer J, Almlöf I, Helleday T, Bräutigam L. An orthotopic glioblastoma animal model suitable for high-throughput screenings. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:1475-1484. [PMID: 29750281 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain cancer with poor prognosis. Although murine animal models have given valuable insights into the GBM disease biology, they cannot be used in high-throughput screens to identify and profile novel therapies. The only vertebrate model suitable for large-scale screens, the zebrafish, has proven to faithfully recapitulate biology and pathology of human malignancies, and clinically relevant orthotopic zebrafish models have been developed. However, currently available GBM orthotopic zebrafish models do not support high-throughput drug discovery screens. Methods We transplanted both GBM cell lines as well as patient-derived material into zebrafish blastulas. We followed the behavior of the transplants with time-lapse microscopy and real-time in vivo light-sheet microscopy. Results We found that GBM material transplanted into zebrafish blastomeres robustly migrated into the developing nervous system, establishing an orthotopic intracranial tumor already 24 hours after transplantation. Detailed analysis revealed that our model faithfully recapitulates the human disease. Conclusion We have developed a robust, fast, and automatable transplantation assay to establish orthotopic GBM tumors in zebrafish. In contrast to currently available orthotopic zebrafish models, our approach does not require technically challenging intracranial transplantation of single embryos. Our improved zebrafish model enables transplantation of thousands of embryos per hour, thus providing an orthotopic vertebrate GBM model for direct application in drug discovery screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Pudelko
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven Edwards
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mirela Balan
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Nyqvist
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Al-Saadi
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes Dittmer
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Almlöf
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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49
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Cokus SJ, De La Torre M, Medina EF, Rasmussen JP, Ramirez-Gutierrez J, Sagasti A, Wang F. Tissue-Specific Transcriptomes Reveal Gene Expression Trajectories in Two Maturing Skin Epithelial Layers in Zebrafish Embryos. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:3439-3452. [PMID: 31431477 PMCID: PMC6778804 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells are the building blocks of many organs, including skin. The vertebrate skin initially consists of two epithelial layers, the outer periderm and inner basal cell layers, which have distinct properties, functions, and fates. The embryonic periderm ultimately disappears during development, whereas basal cells proliferate to form the mature, stratified epidermis. Although much is known about mechanisms of homeostasis in mature skin, relatively little is known about the two cell types in pre-stratification skin. To define the similarities and distinctions between periderm and basal skin epithelial cells, we purified them from zebrafish at early development stages and deeply profiled their gene expression. These analyses identified groups of genes whose tissue enrichment changed at each stage, defining gene flow dynamics of maturing vertebrate epithelia. At each of 52 and 72 hr post-fertilization (hpf), more than 60% of genes enriched in skin cells were similarly expressed in both layers, indicating that they were common epithelial genes, but many others were enriched in one layer or the other. Both expected and novel genes were enriched in periderm and basal cell layers. Genes encoding extracellular matrix, junctional, cytoskeletal, and signaling proteins were prominent among those distinguishing the two epithelial cell types. In situ hybridization and BAC transgenes confirmed our expression data and provided new tools to study zebrafish skin. Collectively, these data provide a resource for studying common and distinguishing features of maturing epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn J Cokus
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles and
| | | | - Eric F Medina
- Department of Biology, California State University, Dominguez Hills
| | - Jeffrey P Rasmussen
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles and
| | | | - Alvaro Sagasti
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles and
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Biology, California State University, Dominguez Hills
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50
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Stem cell safe harbor: the hematopoietic stem cell niche in zebrafish. Blood Adv 2019; 2:3063-3069. [PMID: 30425071 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018021725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Each stem cell resides in a highly specialized anatomic location known as the niche that protects and regulates stem cell function. The importance of the niche in hematopoiesis has long been appreciated in transplantation, but without methods to observe activity in vivo, the components and mechanisms of the hematopoietic niche have remained incompletely understood. Zebrafish have emerged over the past few decades as an answer to this. Use of zebrafish to study the hematopoietic niche has enabled discovery of novel cell-cell interactions, as well as chemical and genetic regulators of hematopoietic stem cells. Mastery of niche components may improve therapeutic efforts to direct differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells from pluripotent cells, sustain stem cells in culture, or improve stem cell transplant.
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