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Chen C, Wu B, Yu H, Dai Z, Yan L, Cai D, Chen S, He L, Lin S, Yao J, Shi J, Lin X, Qiu J, Lin Y, Liu X, Wu W. Oral dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation enhances osteoporotic fracture healing in the OVX rats. Bone 2024; 187:117201. [PMID: 38996859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis easily causes delayed fracture union, even non-union. It has been demonstrated that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation can increase estrogen levels and improve bone mineral density (BMD) in the elderly, while the role of DHEA on fracture healing remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of DHEA supplementation on osteoporotic fracture healing. Seventy-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Forty-eight rats received ovariectomy (OVX), and the remaining rats received a sham OVX operation (sham group). A right transverse femoral osteotomy was performed in all rats at 12 weeks post-OVX. OVX rats were randomly allocated into 2 groups (n = 24 in each group): (i) ovariectomized rats (control group) and (ii) ovariectomized rats treated with DHEA (DHEA group, 5 mg/kg/day). The DHEA supplementation was initiated on the first day post-fracture for 3, 6, and 12 weeks. Fracture healing was evaluated by radiography, histology, biomechanical analysis, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Serum biomarkers were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). At 3 and 6 weeks, radiographs revealed reduced calluses formation and lower radiographic scores in the control group than in other groups. The sham and DHEA groups showed higher BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) at the fracture site than the control group after fracture. Histological analysis revealed the fracture callus was remodeled better in the sham and DHEA groups than in the control group. At the early phase of healing, DHEA supplementation increased osteoblast number, callus area, and cartilage area than the control group. An increased bone area was observed in the DHEA group than in the control group at the late phase of healing. Additionally, improved biomechanical characteristics were observed in both the sham and DHEA groups than those in the control group post-fracture. ELISA showed higher levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and 17β-estradiol (E2) in the DHEA group than in the control group post-fracture. Furthermore, the DHEA group exhibited significantly elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) levels compared to the control group at 6 and 12 weeks. The DHEA group and the control group did not exhibit a notable difference in TRAP-5b levels. The present study demonstrated that the DHEA treatment has a favorable impact on osteoporotic fracture healing by enhancing callus formation, consolidation, and strength in the OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonggang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, PR China
| | - Baofang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, PR China
| | - Haiming Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zhangsheng Dai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, PR China
| | - Lisheng Yan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, PR China
| | - Donglu Cai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, PR China
| | - Shoubo Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, PR China
| | - Lijiang He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, PR China
| | - Sanfu Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jinzhi Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jinnan Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xiaocong Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jinghu Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yuxi Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, PR China
| | - Wenhua Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, PR China.
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Nelson AL, Mancino C, Gao X, Choe JA, Chubb L, Williams K, Czachor M, Marcucio R, Taraballi F, Cooke JP, Huard J, Bahney C, Ehrhart N. β-catenin mRNA encapsulated in SM-102 lipid nanoparticles enhances bone formation in a murine tibia fracture repair model. Bioact Mater 2024; 39:273-286. [PMID: 38832305 PMCID: PMC11145078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fractures continue to be a global economic burden as there are currently no osteoanabolic drugs approved to accelerate fracture healing. In this study, we aimed to develop an osteoanabolic therapy which activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, a molecular driver of endochondral ossification. We hypothesize that using an mRNA-based therapeutic encoding β-catenin could promote cartilage to bone transformation formation by activating the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in chondrocytes. To optimize a delivery platform built on recent advancements in liposomal technologies, two FDA-approved ionizable phospholipids, DLin-MC3-DMA (MC3) and SM-102, were used to fabricate unique ionizable lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations and then tested for transfection efficacy both in vitro and in a murine tibia fracture model. Using firefly luciferase mRNA as a reporter gene to track and quantify transfection, SM-102 LNPs showed enhanced transfection efficacy in vitro and prolonged transfection, minimal fracture interference and no localized inflammatory response in vivo over MC3 LNPs. The generated β-cateninGOF mRNA encapsulated in SM-102 LNPs (SM-102-β-cateninGOF mRNA) showed bioactivity in vitro through upregulation of downstream canonical Wnt genes, axin2 and runx2. When testing SM-102-β-cateninGOF mRNA therapeutic in a murine tibia fracture model, histomorphometric analysis showed increased bone and decreased cartilage composition with the 45 μg concentration at 2 weeks post-fracture. μCT testing confirmed that SM-102-β-cateninGOF mRNA promoted bone formation in vivo, revealing significantly more bone volume over total volume in the 45 μg group. Thus, we generated a novel mRNA-based therapeutic encoding a β-catenin mRNA and optimized an SM-102-based LNP to maximize transfection efficacy with a localized delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laura Nelson
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Vail, CO, USA
- Colorado State University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Fort Collins CO, USA
| | - Chiara Mancino
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston TX, USA
| | - Xueqin Gao
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Vail, CO, USA
| | - Joshua A. Choe
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Scientist Training Program, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura Chubb
- Colorado State University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Fort Collins CO, USA
| | - Katherine Williams
- Colorado State University, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Molly Czachor
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Vail, CO, USA
| | - Ralph Marcucio
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston TX, USA
| | - John P. Cooke
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Center for RNA Therapeutics, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Vail, CO, USA
- Colorado State University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Fort Collins CO, USA
| | - Chelsea Bahney
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Vail, CO, USA
- Colorado State University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Fort Collins CO, USA
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Ehrhart
- Colorado State University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Fort Collins CO, USA
- Colorado State University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Fort Collins CO, USA
- Colorado State University, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Yang Q, Xu M, Fang H, Gao Y, Zhu D, Wang J, Chen Y. Targeting micromotion for mimicking natural bone healing by using NIPAM/Nb 2C hydrogel. Bioact Mater 2024; 39:41-58. [PMID: 38800718 PMCID: PMC11127186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural fracture healing is most efficient when the fine-tuned mechanical force and proper micromotion are applied. To mimick this micromotion at the fracture gap, a near-infrared-II (NIR-II)-activated hydrogel was fabricated by integrating two-dimensional (2D) monolayer Nb2C nanosheets into a thermally responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (NIPAM) hydrogel system. NIR-II-triggered deformation of the NIPAM/Nb2C hydrogel was designed to generate precise micromotion for co-culturing cells. It was validated that micromotion at 1/300 Hz, triggering a 2.37-fold change in the cell length/diameter ratio, is the most favorable condition for the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Moreover, mRNA sequencing and verification revealed that micromotion-induced augmentation was mediated by Piezo1 activation. Suppression of Piezo1 interrupts the mechano-sensitivity and abrogates osteogenic differentiation. Calvarial and femoral shaft defect models were established to explore the biocompatibility and osteoinductivity of the Micromotion Biomaterial. A series of research methods, including radiography, micro-CT scanning, and immunohistochemical staining have been performed to evaluate biosafety and osteogenic efficacy. The in vivo results revealed that tunable micromotion strengthens the natural fracture healing process through the sequential activation of endochondral ossification, promotion of neovascularization, initiation of mineral deposition, and combinatory acceleration of full-thickness osseous regeneration. This study demonstrated that Micromotion Biomaterials with controllable mechanophysical characteristics could promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and facilitate full osseous regeneration. The design of NIPAM/Nb2C hydrogel with highly efficient photothermal conversion, specific features of precisely controlled micromotion, and bionic-mimicking bone-repair capabilities could spark a new era in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Mengqiao Xu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Haoyu Fang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Youshui Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Daoyu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Peh HY, Nshimiyimana R, Brüggemann TR, Duvall MG, Nijmeh J, Serhan CN, Levy BD. 15-epi-lipoxin A 5 promotes neutrophil exit from exudates for clearance by splenic macrophages. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23807. [PMID: 38989570 PMCID: PMC11344644 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400610r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) promote local macrophage efferocytosis but excess leukocytes early in inflammation require additional leukocyte clearance mechanism for resolution. Here, neutrophil clearance mechanisms from localized acute inflammation were investigated in mouse dorsal air pouches. 15-HEPE (15-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid) levels were increased in the exudates. Activated human neutrophils converted 15-HEPE to lipoxin A5 (5S,6R,15S-trihydroxy-7E,9E,11Z,13E,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid), 15-epi-lipoxin A5 (5S,6R,15R-trihydroxy-7E,9E,11Z,13E,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid), and resolvin E4 (RvE4; 5S,15S-dihydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid). Exogenous 15-epi-lipoxin A5, 15-epi-lipoxin A4 and a structural lipoxin mimetic significantly decreased exudate neutrophils and increased local tissue macrophage efferocytosis, with comparison to naproxen. 15-epi-lipoxin A5 also cleared exudate neutrophils faster than the apparent local capacity for stimulated macrophage efferocytosis, so the fate of exudate neutrophils was tracked with CD45.1 variant neutrophils. 15-epi-lipoxin A5 augmented the exit of adoptively transferred neutrophils from the pouch exudate to the spleen, and significantly increased splenic SIRPa+ and MARCO+ macrophage efferocytosis. Together, these findings demonstrate new systemic resolution mechanisms for 15-epi-lipoxin A5 and RvE4 in localized tissue inflammation, which distally engage the spleen to activate macrophage efferocytosis for the clearance of tissue exudate neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yong Peh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert Nshimiyimana
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thayse R. Brüggemann
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melody G. Duvall
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julie Nijmeh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles N. Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce D. Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Gao CW, Lin W, Riddle RC, Chopra S, Kim J, Boukas L, Hansen KD, Björnsson HT, Fahrner JA. Growth deficiency in a mouse model of Kabuki syndrome 2 bears mechanistic similarities to Kabuki syndrome 1. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011310. [PMID: 38857303 PMCID: PMC11192384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Growth deficiency is a characteristic feature of both Kabuki syndrome 1 (KS1) and Kabuki syndrome 2 (KS2), Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery with similar phenotypes but distinct genetic etiologies. We previously described skeletal growth deficiency in a mouse model of KS1 and further established that a Kmt2d-/- chondrocyte model of KS1 exhibits precocious differentiation. Here we characterized growth deficiency in a mouse model of KS2, Kdm6atm1d/+. We show that Kdm6atm1d/+ mice have decreased femur and tibia length compared to controls and exhibit abnormalities in cortical and trabecular bone structure. Kdm6atm1d/+ growth plates are also shorter, due to decreases in hypertrophic chondrocyte size and hypertrophic zone height. Given these disturbances in the growth plate, we generated Kdm6a-/- chondrogenic cell lines. Similar to our prior in vitro model of KS1, we found that Kdm6a-/- cells undergo premature, enhanced differentiation towards chondrocytes compared to Kdm6a+/+ controls. RNA-seq showed that Kdm6a-/- cells have a distinct transcriptomic profile that indicates dysregulation of cartilage development. Finally, we performed RNA-seq simultaneously on Kmt2d-/-, Kdm6a-/-, and control lines at Days 7 and 14 of differentiation. This revealed surprising resemblance in gene expression between Kmt2d-/- and Kdm6a-/- at both time points and indicates that the similarity in phenotype between KS1 and KS2 also exists at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine W. Gao
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - WanYing Lin
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ryan C. Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Research and Development Service, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sheetal Chopra
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Leandros Boukas
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kasper D. Hansen
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hans T. Björnsson
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Jill A. Fahrner
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Duke VR, Philippon MJ, Lind DRG, Kasler H, Yamaura K, Huard M, Czachor M, Hollenbeck J, Brown J, Garcia A, Fukase N, Marcucio RS, Nelson AL, Hambright WS, Snapper DM, Huard J, Bahney CS. Murine Progeria Model Exhibits Delayed Fracture Healing with Dysregulated Local Immune Response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.29.596277. [PMID: 38854043 PMCID: PMC11160782 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.596277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Bone fracture is one of the most globally prevalent injuries, with an estimated 189 million bone fractures occurring annually. Delayed union or nonunion occurs in up to 15% of fractures and involves the interruption or complete failure of bone continuity following fracture. Preclinical testing is essential to support the translation of novel strategies to promote improved fracture repair treatment, but there is a paucity of small animal models that recapitulate clinical attributes associated with delayed fracture healing. This study explores whether the Zmpste24 -/- (Z24 -/- ) knockout mouse model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome presents with delayed fracture healing. Leveraging the previously characterized Z24 -/- phenotype of genomic instability, epigenetic changes, and fragility, we hypothesize that these underlying alterations will lead to significantly delayed fracture healing relative to age-matched wild type (WT) controls. Methods WT and Z24 -/- mice received intramedullary fixed tibia fractures at ∼12 weeks of age. Mice were sacrificed throughout the time course of repair for the collection of organs that would provide information regarding the local (fracture callus, bone marrow, inguinal lymph nodes) versus peripheral (peripheral blood, contralateral tibia, abdominal organs) tissue microenvironments. Analyses of these specimens include histomorphometry, μCT, mechanical strength testing, protein quantification, gene expression analysis, flow cytometry for cellular senescence, and immunophenotyping. Results Z24 -/- mice demonstrated a significantly delayed rate of healing compared to WT mice with consistently smaller fracture calli containing higher proportion of cartilage and less bone after injury. Cellular senescence and pro-inflammatory cytokines were elevated in the Z24 -/- mice before and after fracture. These mice further presented with a dysregulated immune system, exhibiting generally decreased lymphopoiesis and increased myelopoiesis locally in the bone marrow, with more naïve and less memory T cell but greater myeloid activation systemically in the peripheral blood. Surprisingly, the ipsilateral lymph nodes had increased T cell activation and other pro-inflammatory NK and myeloid cells, suggesting that elevated myeloid abundance and activation contributes to an injury-specific hyperactivation of T cells. Conclusion Taken together, these data establish the Z24 -/- progeria mouse as a model of delayed fracture healing that exhibits decreased bone in the fracture callus, with weaker overall bone quality, immune dysregulation, and increased cellular senescence. Based on this mechanism for delayed healing, we propose this Z24 -/- progeria mouse model could be useful in testing novel therapeutics that could address delayed healing. The Translational Potential of this Article This study employs a novel animal model for delayed fracture healing that researchers can use to screen fracture healing therapeutics to address the globally prevalent issue of aberrant fracture healing.
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Peng R, Shang J, Jiang N, Chi-Jen H, Gu Y, Xing B, Hu R, Wu B, Wang D, Xu X, Lu H. Klf10 is involved in extracellular matrix calcification of chondrocytes alleviating chondrocyte senescence. J Transl Med 2024; 22:52. [PMID: 38217021 PMCID: PMC10790269 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04666-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease resulting joint disability and pain. Accumulating evidences suggest that chondrocyte extracellular matrix calcification plays an important role in the development of OA. Here, we showed that Krüppel-like factor 10 (Klf10) was involved in the regulation of chondrocyte extracellular matrix calcification by regulating the expression of Frizzled9. Knockdown of Klf10 attenuated TBHP induced calcification and reduced calcium content in chondrocytes. Restoring extracellular matrix calcification of chondrocytes could aggravate chondrocyte senescence. Destabilization of a medial meniscus (DMM) mouse model of OA, in vivo experiments revealed that knockdown Klf10 improved the calcification of articular cartilage and ameliorated articular cartilage degeneration. These findings suggested that knockdown Klf10 inhibited extracellular matrix calcification-related changes in chondrocytes and alleviated chondrocyte senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 26400, Shandong, China
| | - Hsu Chi-Jen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Baizhou Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Renan Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Biao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xianghe Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huading Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
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Zhao S, Qiao Z, Pfeifer R, Pape HC, Mao K, Tang H, Meng B, Chen S, Liu H. Modulation of fracture healing by senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP): a narrative review of the current literature. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:38. [PMID: 38195489 PMCID: PMC10775505 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is a generic term for the secretion of cytokines, such as pro-inflammatory factors and proteases. It is a crucial feature of senescent cells. SASP factors induce tissue remodeling and immune cell recruitment. Previous studies have focused on the beneficial role of SASP during embryonic development, wound healing, tissue healing in general, immunoregulation properties, and cancer. However, some recent studies have identified several negative effects of SASP on fracture healing. Senolytics is a drug that selectively eliminates senescent cells. Senolytics can inhibit the function of senescent cells and SASP, which has been found to have positive effects on a variety of aging-related diseases. At the same time, recent data suggest that removing senescent cells may promote fracture healing. Here, we reviewed the latest research progress about SASP and illustrated the inflammatory response and the influence of SASP on fracture healing. This review aims to understand the role of SASP in fracture healing, aiming to provide an important clinical prevention and treatment strategy for fracture. Clinical trials of some senolytics agents are underway and are expected to clarify the effectiveness of their targeted therapy in the clinic in the future. Meanwhile, the adverse effects of this treatment method still need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangkun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi Qiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Roman Pfeifer
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, China
| | - Hans-Christoph Pape
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, China
| | - Keya Mao
- Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hai Tang
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bin Meng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songfeng Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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9
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Nelson AL, Fontana G, Chubb L, Choe J, Williams K, Regan D, Huard J, Murphy W, Ehrhart N, Bahney C. Mineral coated microparticles doped with fluoride and complexed with mRNA prolong transfection in fracture healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1295313. [PMID: 38264578 PMCID: PMC10803474 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1295313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Impaired fracture healing, specifically non-union, has been found to occur up to 14% in tibial shaft fractures. The current standard of care to treat non-union often requires additional surgeries which can result in long recovery times. Injectable-based therapies to accelerate fracture healing have the potential to mitigate the need for additional surgeries. Gene therapies have recently undergone significant advancements due to developments in nanotechnology, which improve mRNA stability while reducing immunogenicity. Methods: In this study, we tested the efficacy of mineral coated microparticles (MCM) and fluoride-doped MCM (FMCM) to effectively deliver firefly luciferase (FLuc) mRNA lipoplexes (LPX) to the fracture site. Here, adult mice underwent a tibia fracture and stabilization method and all treatments were locally injected into the fracture. Level of osteogenesis and amount of bone formation were assessed using gene expression and histomorphometry respectively. Localized and systemic inflammation were measured through gene expression, histopathology scoring and measuring C-reactive protein (CRP) in the serum. Lastly, daily IVIS images were taken to track and measure transfection over time. Results: MCM-LPX-FLuc and FMCM-LPX-FLuc were not found to cause any cytotoxic effects when tested in vitro. When measuring the osteogenic potential of each mineral composition, FMCM-LPX-FLuc trended higher in osteogenic markers through qRT-PCR than the other groups tested in a murine fracture and stabilization model. Despite FMCM-LPX-FLuc showing slightly elevated il-1β and il-4 levels in the fracture callus, inflammation scoring of the fracture callus did not result in any differences. Additionally, an acute systemic inflammatory response was not observed in any of the samples tested. The concentration of MCM-LPX-FLuc and FMCM-LPX-FLuc that was used in the murine fracture model did not stimulate bone when analyzed through stereological principles. Transfection efficacy and kinetics of delivery platforms revealed that FMCM-LPX-FLuc prolongs the luciferase signal both in vitro and in vivo. Discussion: These data together reveal that FMCM-LPX-FLuc could serve as a promising mRNA delivery platform for fracture healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laura Nelson
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Vail, CO, United States
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Gianluca Fontana
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Laura Chubb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Josh Choe
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Katherine Williams
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Dan Regan
- Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Johnny Huard
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Vail, CO, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - William Murphy
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nicole Ehrhart
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Chelsea Bahney
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Vail, CO, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
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10
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Yin H, Yue H, Wang M, Zhang T, Zhao YT, Liu H, Wang J, Zheng H, Xue C. Preparation of Novel Sea Cucumber Intestinal Peptides to Promote Tibial Fracture Healing in Mice by Inducing Differentiation of Hypertrophic Chondrocytes to the Osteoblast Lineage. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300344. [PMID: 38100188 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Hypertrophic chondrocytes have a decisive regulatory role in the process of fracture healing, and the fate of hypertrophic chondrocytes is not only apoptosis. However, the mechanism of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) intestinal peptide (SCIP) on fracture promotion is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect of sea cucumber intestinal peptide on the differentiation fate of hypertrophic chondrocytes in a mouse tibial fracture model. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice are subjected to open fractures of the right tibia to establish a tibial fracture model. The results exhibit that the SCIP intervention significantly promotes the mineralization of cartilage callus, decreases the expression of the hypertrophic chondrocyte marker Col X, and increases the expression of the osteoblast marker Col I. Mechanically, SCIP promotes tibial fracture healing by promoting histone acetylation and inhibiting histone methylation, thereby upregulating pluripotent transcription factors induced the differentiation of hypertrophic chondrocytes to the osteoblast lineage in a manner distinct from classical endochondral ossification. CONCLUSION This study is the first to report that SCIP can promote tibial fracture healing in mice by inducing the differentiation of hypertrophic chondrocytes to the osteoblast lineage. SCIP may be considered raw material for developing nutraceuticals to promote fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Bioresources for Nutrition & Health Innovation, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Tao Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, P. R. China
| | - Hongying Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Bioresources for Nutrition & Health Innovation, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
- Qingdao Langyatai Group Co., Ltd, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Chongzhi Youpin Pet Food Co., Ltd., Weifang, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Bioresources for Nutrition & Health Innovation, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Bioresources for Nutrition & Health Innovation, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
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11
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Ye P, Gu R, Zhu H, Chen J, Han F, Nie X. SOX family transcription factors as therapeutic targets in wound healing: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127243. [PMID: 37806414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The SOX family plays a vital role in determining the fate of cells and has garnered attention in the fields of cancer research and regenerative medicine. It also shows promise in the study of wound healing, as it actively participates in the healing processes of various tissues such as skin, fractures, tendons, and the cornea. However, our understanding of the mechanisms behind the SOX family's involvement in wound healing is limited compared to its role in cancer. Gaining insight into its role, distribution, interaction with other factors, and modifications in traumatized tissues could provide valuable new knowledge about wound healing. Based on current research, SOX2, SOX7, and SOX9 are the most promising members of the SOX family for future interventions in wound healing. SOX2 and SOX9 promote the renewal of cells, while SOX7 enhances the microvascular environment. The SOX family holds significant potential for advancing wound healing research. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest research advancements and therapeutic tools related to the SOX family in wound healing, as well as the potential benefits and challenges of targeting the SOX family for wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Ye
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Rifang Gu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; School Medical Office, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Huan Zhu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Jitao Chen
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Felicity Han
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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12
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Inoue S, Li C, Hatakeyama J, Jiang H, Kuroki H, Moriyama H. Higher-intensity ultrasound accelerates fracture healing via mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1. Bone 2023; 177:116916. [PMID: 37777037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis-related fractures are a major public health problem. Mechanobiological stimulation utilizing low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is the most widely accepted modality for accelerating fracture healing. However, recent evidence has demonstrated the ineffectiveness of LIPUS, and the biophysical mechanisms of ultrasound-induced bone formation also remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that ultrasound at a higher intensity than LIPUS effectively accelerates fracture healing in a mouse osteoporotic fracture model. Higher-intensity ultrasound promoted chondrogenesis and hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes in the fracture callus. Higher-intensity ultrasound also increased osteoblasts and newly formed bone in the callus, resulting in accelerated endochondral ossification during fracture healing. In addition, we found that accelerated fracture healing by ultrasound exposure was attenuated when the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 was inhibited by GsMTx4. Ultrasound-induced new bone formation in the callus was attenuated in fractured mice treated with GsMTx4. Similar results were also confirmed in a 3D osteocyte-osteoblast co-culture system, where osteocytic Piezo1 knockdown attenuated the expression of osteoblastic genes after ultrasound exposure. Together these results demonstrate that higher-intensity ultrasound than clinically used LIPUS can accelerate endochondral ossification after fractures. Furthermore, our results suggest that mechanotransduction via Piezo1 mediates ultrasound-stimulated fracture healing and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Inoue
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Changxin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Junpei Hatakeyama
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Research Fellowship of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
| | - Hanlin Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Moriyama
- Life and Medical Sciences Area, Health Sciences Discipline, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
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13
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Chen N, Wu RW, Lam Y, Chan WC, Chan D. Hypertrophic chondrocytes at the junction of musculoskeletal structures. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101698. [PMID: 37485234 PMCID: PMC10359737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic chondrocytes are found at unique locations at the junction of skeletal tissues, cartilage growth plate, articular cartilage, enthesis and intervertebral discs. Their role in the skeleton is best understood in the process of endochondral ossification in development and bone fracture healing. Chondrocyte hypertrophy occurs in degenerative conditions such as osteoarthritis. Thus, the role of hypertrophic chondrocytes in skeletal biology and pathology is context dependent. This review will focus on hypertrophic chondrocytes in endochondral ossification, in which they exist in a transient state, but acting as a central regulator of differentiation, mineralization, vascularization and conversion to bone. The amazing journey of a chondrocyte from being entrapped in the extracellular matrix environment to becoming proliferative then hypertrophic will be discussed. Recent studies on the dynamic changes and plasticity of hypertrophic chondrocytes have provided new insights into how we view these cells, not as terminally differentiated but as cells that can dedifferentiate to more progenitor-like cells in a transition to osteoblasts and adipocytes, as well as a source of skeletal stem and progenitor cells residing in the bone marrow. This will provide a foundation for studies of hypertrophic chondrocytes at other skeletal sites in development, tissue maintenance, pathology and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Robin W.H. Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Lam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wilson C.W. Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (HKU-SZH), Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Li X, Li J, Li K, Zhang Z, Wang H. Effects of perchlorate and exogenous T4 exposures on body condition and endochondral ossification of Rana chensinensis tadpoles. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106767. [PMID: 37972501 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate, as an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), is largely produced and used in the military, fireworks, fertilizers, and other industries and widely exists in water. Although perchlorate is known to destroy the normal function of thyroid hormones (THs) in amphibians and interfere with their growth and development, the impact of TH levels caused by sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) on endochondral ossification and skeletal development is poorly investigated, and the underlying molecular mechanism has not been clarified. The present study aimed to explore the potential effects of NaClO4 and exogenous thyroxine (T4) on the skeletal development of Rana chensinensis tadpoles and elucidate the related molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that histological changes occurred to the femur and tibia-fibula of tadpoles raised in 250 μg/L NaClO4 and 5 μg/L exogenous T4, and the length of their hindlimbs was significantly reduced. In addition, exogenous T4 exposure significantly interfered with the expression of Dio3, TRβ, MMP9, MMP13, and Runx2, inhibiting the endochondral ossification process. Therefore, we provide robust evidence that the changes in TH levels caused by NaClO4 and exogenous T4 will adversely affect the endochondral ossification and skeletal development of R. chensinensis tadpoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Kaiyue Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhiqin Zhang
- Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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15
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Suito H, Minamizono W, Yashima N, Matsunaga H, Fujikawa K, Ohsako M. Vector potential dual effect of promoting the proliferation of chondrocytes and inhibiting the calcification process in the articular cartilage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16845. [PMID: 37803162 PMCID: PMC10558497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OA commonly affects the articular cartilage of the tibia, and its calcification worsens its advancement and its prevalence has recently increased. Vector potential (VP) represents a novel physical therapy for treating OA. Since the impact of VP on articular cartilage remains unknown, we aimed to assess its effects on articular cartilage and its potential as a new treatment for OA. Here, we divided 24 male Wistar rats, 6-week-old, into control (CO, n = 12) and VP stimulus (n = 12) groups (VP conditions: volt, 67 mV; frequency, 20 kHz; current, 0.12 mA; experimental frequency, 30 min/days, 5 days/week, and 3 weeks). Articular cartilage can be classified into four layers: superficial, medial, deep, and calcified. Moreover, the number of chondrocytes in the articular cartilage was higher in the CO group compared to the VP group, although the calcified layer was thinner in the VP group. Furthermore, MKi67 exhibited higher expression in the VP group than in the CO group, while ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 was downregulated in the VP group. Our findings indicate that VP positively influenced chondrocyte proliferation and inhibited calcification in articular cartilage. Thus, VP stimulation may assist in the development of novel strategies for preventing OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirai Suito
- Graduate School of Human Life Design, Toyo University, 1-7-11 Akabanedai, Kita-Ku, Tokyo, 115-8650, Japan.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research Fellowships DC, 5-3-1 Koji-Machi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Wataru Minamizono
- Graduate School of Human Life Design, Toyo University, 1-7-11 Akabanedai, Kita-Ku, Tokyo, 115-8650, Japan
| | - Nao Yashima
- Graduate School of Health Sports Science, Toyo University, 1-7-11 Akabanedai, Kita-Ku, Tokyo, 115-8650, Japan
| | - Hiroya Matsunaga
- Graduate School of Health Sports Science, Toyo University, 1-7-11 Akabanedai, Kita-Ku, Tokyo, 115-8650, Japan
| | - Kaoru Fujikawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Showa University School of Density, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ohsako
- Graduate School of Health Sports Science, Toyo University, 1-7-11 Akabanedai, Kita-Ku, Tokyo, 115-8650, Japan
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16
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Yan W, Shen M, Sun K, Li S, Miao J, Wang J, Xu J, Wen P, Zhang Q. Norisoboldine, a Natural Isoquinoline Alkaloid, Inhibits Diaphyseal Fracture Healing in Mice by Alleviating Cartilage Formation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2031. [PMID: 37509670 PMCID: PMC10377295 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Norisoboldine (NOR), the major isoquinoline alkaloid constituent of a Chinese traditional medicine Radix Linderae, has been demonstrated to inhibit osteoclast differentiation and improve arthritis. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of NOR on bone fracture healing and the underlying mechanisms correlated with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) differentiation to chondrocytes. Our results showed that NOR inhibits the tibia fracture healing process by suppressing cartilage formation, which leads to less endochondral ossification, indicated by less osterix and collage I signaling at the fracture site. Moreover, NOR significantly reduced the differentiation of primary BMSCs to chondrocytes in vitro by reducing the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) signaling. These findings imply that NOR negatively regulates the healing of the tibial midshaft fracture, which might delay the union of the fractures and should be noticed when used in other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meng Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kainong Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China
| | - Shiming Li
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyuan Miao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiayang Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pengcheng Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China
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17
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Rundle CH, Gomez GA, Pourteymoor S, Mohan S. Sequential application of small molecule therapy enhances chondrogenesis and angiogenesis in murine segmental defect bone repair. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:1471-1481. [PMID: 36448182 PMCID: PMC10506518 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of physiologic/pathologic conditions that impair the otherwise routine healing of endochondral bone fractures and the occurrence of severe bone injuries necessitate novel approaches to enhance clinically challenging bone fracture repair. To promote the healing of nonunion fractures, we tested an approach that used two small molecules to sequentially enhance cartilage development and conversion to the bone in the callus of a murine femoral segmental defect nonunion model of bone injury. Systemic injections of smoothened agonist 21k (SAG21k) were used to stimulate chondrogenesis through the activation of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway early in bone repair, while injections of the prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)2 inhibitor, IOX2, were used to stimulate hypoxia signaling-mediated endochondral bone formation. The expression of SHH pathway genes and Phd2 target genes was increased in chondrocyte cell lines in response to SAG21k and IOX2 treatment, respectively. The segmental defect responded to sequential systemic administration of these small molecules with increased chondrocyte expression of PTCH1, GLI1, and SOX9 in response to SAG and increased expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor-A in the defect tissues in response to IOX2. At 6 weeks postsurgery, the combined SAG-IOX2 therapy produced increased bone formation in the defect with the bony union over the injury. Clinical significance: This therapeutic approach was successful in promoting cartilage and bone formation within a critical-size segmental defect and established the utility of a sequential small molecule therapy for the enhancement of fracture callus development in clinically challenging bone injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H. Rundle
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Gustavo A. Gomez
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Sheila Pourteymoor
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
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18
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Watanabe H, Maishi N, Hoshi-Numahata M, Nishiura M, Nakanishi-Kimura A, Hida K, Iimura T. Skeletal-Vascular Interactions in Bone Development, Homeostasis, and Pathological Destruction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10912. [PMID: 37446097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a highly vascularized organ that not only plays multiple roles in supporting the body and organs but also endows the microstructure, enabling distinct cell lineages to reciprocally interact. Recent studies have uncovered relevant roles of the bone vasculature in bone patterning, morphogenesis, homeostasis, and pathological bone destruction, including osteoporosis and tumor metastasis. This review provides an overview of current topics in the interactive molecular events between endothelial cells and bone cells during bone ontogeny and discusses the future direction of this research area to find novel ways to treat bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhisa Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Sapporo 060-8586, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nako Maishi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Sapporo 060-8586, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Marie Hoshi-Numahata
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Sapporo 060-8586, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mai Nishiura
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Sapporo 060-8586, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nakanishi-Kimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Sapporo 060-8586, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hida
- Department of Vascular Biology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Sapporo 060-8586, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Iimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Sapporo 060-8586, Hokkaido, Japan
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19
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Ferrie L, Premnath P, Olsen A, Larijani L, Besler BA, Rancourt DE, Duncan NA, Underhill TM, Krawetz RJ. Exogenously delivered iPSCs disrupt the natural repair response of endogenous MPCs after bone injury. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9378. [PMID: 37296277 PMCID: PMC10256810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Promoting bone healing including fracture non-unions are promising targets for bone tissue engineering due to the limited success of current clinical treatment methods. There has been significant research on the use of stem cells with and without biomaterial scaffolds to treat bone fractures due to their promising regenerative capabilities. However, the relative roles of exogenous vs. endogenous stem cells and their overall contribution to in vivo fracture repair is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction between exogenous and endogenous stem cells during bone healing. This study was conducted using a standardized burr-hole bone injury model in a mesenchymal progenitor cell (MPC) lineage-tracing mouse under normal homeostatic and osteoporotic conditions. Burr-hole injuries were treated with a collagen-I biomaterial loaded with and without labelled induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Using lineage-tracing, the roles of exogenous and endogenous stem cells during bone healing were examined. It was observed that treatment with iPSCs resulted in muted healing compared to untreated controls in intact mice post-injury. When the cell populations were examined histologically, iPSC-treated burr-hole defects presented with a dramatic reduction in endogenous MPCs and cell proliferation throughout the injury site. However, when the ovaries were removed and an osteoporotic-like phenotype induced in the mice, iPSCs treatment resulted in increased bone formation relative to untreated controls. In the absence of iPSCs, endogenous MPCs demonstrated robust proliferative and osteogenic capacity to undertake repair and this behaviour was disrupted in the presence of iPSCs which instead took on an osteoblast fate but with little proliferation. This study clearly demonstrates that exogenously delivered cell populations can impact the normal function of endogenous stem/progenitor populations during the normal healing cascade. These interactions need to be better understood to inform cell and biomaterial therapies to treat fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Ferrie
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Priyatha Premnath
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Alexandra Olsen
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Leila Larijani
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bryce A Besler
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Derrick E Rancourt
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Neil A Duncan
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - T Michael Underhill
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Roman J Krawetz
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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20
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Tschaffon-Müller MEA, Kempter E, Steppe L, Kupfer S, Kuhn MR, Gebhard F, Pankratz C, Kalbitz M, Schütze K, Gündel H, Kaleck N, Strauß G, Vacher J, Ichinose H, Weimer K, Ignatius A, Haffner-Luntzer M, Reber SO. Neutrophil-derived catecholamines mediate negative stress effects on bone. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3262. [PMID: 37277336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental traumatization is associated with long-bone growth retardation, osteoporosis and increased fracture risk. We revealed earlier that mental trauma disturbs cartilage-to-bone transition during bone growth and repair in mice. Trauma increased tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing neutrophils in bone marrow and fracture callus. Here we show that tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the fracture hematoma of patients correlates positively with acknowledged stress, depression, and pain scores as well as individual ratings of healing-impairment and pain-perception post-fracture. Moreover, mice lacking tyrosine hydroxylase in myeloid cells are protected from chronic psychosocial stress-induced disturbance of bone growth and healing. Chondrocyte-specific β2-adrenoceptor-deficient mice are also protected from stress-induced bone growth retardation. In summary, our preclinical data identify locally secreted catecholamines in concert with β2-adrenoceptor signalling in chondrocytes as mediators of negative stress effects on bone growth and repair. Given our clinical data, these mechanistic insights seem to be of strong translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Kempter
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lena Steppe
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandra Kupfer
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie R Kuhn
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Gebhard
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand-, Plastic- and Reconstructive Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carlos Pankratz
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand-, Plastic- and Reconstructive Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miriam Kalbitz
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand-, Plastic- and Reconstructive Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konrad Schütze
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand-, Plastic- and Reconstructive Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Harald Gündel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nele Kaleck
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gudrun Strauß
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jean Vacher
- Department of Medicine, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherche Cliniques de Montréal, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, H2W 1R7, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Ichinose
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Katja Weimer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
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21
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Rivera KO, Cuylear DL, Duke VR, O’Hara KM, Zhong JX, Elghazali NA, Finbloom JA, Kharbikar BN, Kryger AN, Miclau T, Marcucio RS, Bahney CS, Desai TA. Encapsulation of β-NGF in injectable microrods for localized delivery accelerates endochondral fracture repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1190371. [PMID: 37284244 PMCID: PMC10241161 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1190371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Currently, there are no non-surgical FDA-approved biological approaches to accelerate fracture repair. Injectable therapies designed to stimulate bone healing represent an exciting alternative to surgically implanted biologics, however, the translation of effective osteoinductive therapies remains challenging due to the need for safe and effective drug delivery. Hydrogel-based microparticle platforms may be a clinically relevant solution to create controlled and localized drug delivery to treat bone fractures. Here, we describe poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA)-based microparticles, in the shape of microrods, loaded with beta nerve growth factor (β-NGF) for the purpose of promoting fracture repair. Methods: Herein, PEGDMA microrods were fabricated through photolithography. PEGDMA microrods were loaded with β-NGF and in vitro release was examined. Subsequently, bioactivity assays were evaluated in vitro using the TF-1 tyrosine receptor kinase A (Trk-A) expressing cell line. Finally, in vivo studies using our well-established murine tibia fracture model were performed and a single injection of the β-NGF loaded PEGDMA microrods, non-loaded PEGDMA microrods, or soluble β-NGF was administered to assess the extent of fracture healing using Micro-computed tomography (µCT) and histomorphometry. Results: In vitro release studies showed there is significant retention of protein within the polymer matrix over 168 hours through physiochemical interactions. Bioactivity of protein post-loading was confirmed with the TF-1 cell line. In vivo studies using our murine tibia fracture model show that PEGDMA microrods injected at the site of fracture remained adjacent to the callus for over 7 days. Importantly, a single injection of β-NGF loaded PEGDMA microrods resulted in improved fracture healing as indicated by a significant increase in the percent bone in the fracture callus, trabecular connective density, and bone mineral density relative to soluble β-NGF control indicating improved drug retention within the tissue. The concomitant decrease in cartilage fraction supports our prior work showing that β-NGF promotes endochondral conversion of cartilage to bone to accelerate healing. Discussion: We demonstrate a novel and translational method wherein β-NGF can be encapsulated within PEGDMA microrods for local delivery and that β-NGF bioactivity is maintained resulting in improved bone fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin O. Rivera
- Graduate Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Darnell L. Cuylear
- Graduate Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Victoria R. Duke
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, The Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Vail, CO, United States
| | - Kelsey M. O’Hara
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, The Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Vail, CO, United States
| | - Justin X. Zhong
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- UC Berkeley—UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nafisa A. Elghazali
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- UC Berkeley—UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Joel A. Finbloom
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bhushan N. Kharbikar
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Alex N. Kryger
- School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Theodore Miclau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ralph S. Marcucio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Chelsea S. Bahney
- Graduate Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, The Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Vail, CO, United States
- UC Berkeley—UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tejal A. Desai
- Graduate Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), Berkeley, CA, United States
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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22
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Buettmann EG, DeNapoli RC, Abraham LB, Denisco JA, Lorenz MR, Friedman MA, Donahue HJ. Reambulation following hindlimb unloading attenuates disuse-induced changes in murine fracture healing. Bone 2023; 172:116748. [PMID: 37001629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Patients with bone and muscle loss from prolonged disuse have higher risk of falls and subsequent fragility fractures. In addition, fracture patients with continued disuse and/or delayed physical rehabilitation have worse clinical outcomes compared to individuals with immediate weight-bearing activity following diaphyseal fracture. However, the effects of prior disuse followed by physical reambulation on fracture healing cellular processes and adjacent bone and skeletal muscle recovery post-injury remains poorly defined. To bridge this knowledge gap and inform future treatment and rehabilitation strategies for fractures, a preclinical model of fracture healing with a history of prior unloading with and without reambulation was employed. First, skeletally mature male and female C57BL/6J mice (18 weeks) underwent hindlimb unloading by tail suspension (HLU) for 3 weeks to induce significant bone and muscle loss modeling enhanced bone fragility. Next, mice had their right femur fractured by open surgical dissection (stabilized with 24-gauge pin). The, mice were randomly assigned to continued HLU or allowed normal weight-bearing reambulation (HLU + R). Mice given normal cage activity throughout the experiment served as healthy age-matched controls. All mice were sacrificed 4-days (DPF4) or 14-days (DPF14) following fracture to assess healing and uninjured hindlimb musculoskeletal properties (6-10 mice per treatment/biological sex). We found that continued disuse following fracture lead to severely diminished uninjured hindlimb skeletal muscle mass (gastrocnemius and soleus) and femoral bone volume adjacent to the fracture site compared to healthy age-matched controls across mouse sexes. Furthermore, HLU led to significantly decreased periosteal expansion (DPF4) and osteochondral tissue formation by DPF14, and trends in increased osteoclastogenesis (DPF14) and decreased woven bone vascular area (DPF14). In contrast, immediate reambulation for 2 weeks after fracture, even following a period of prolonged disuse, was able to increase hindlimb skeletal tissue mass and increase osteochondral tissue formation, albeit not to healthy control levels, in both mouse sexes. Furthermore, reambulation attenuated osteoclast formation seen in woven bone tissue undergoing disuse. Our results suggest that weight-bearing skeletal loading in both sexes immediately following fracture may improve callus healing and prevent further fall risk by stimulating skeletal muscle anabolism and decreasing callus resorption compared to minimal or delayed rehabilitation regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan G Buettmann
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Biomedical Engineering, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Rachel C DeNapoli
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Biomedical Engineering, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Lovell B Abraham
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Biomedical Engineering, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Joe A Denisco
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Biomedical Engineering, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Madelyn R Lorenz
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Biomedical Engineering, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Michael A Friedman
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Biomedical Engineering, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Henry J Donahue
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Biomedical Engineering, Richmond, VA, United States of America.
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23
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Niu Z, Xue H, Jiang Z, Chai L, Wang H. Effects of temperature on metamorphosis and endochondral ossification in Rana chensinensis tadpoles. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 45:101057. [PMID: 36657230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the important factors affecting the growth, development, and metamorphosis of amphibians. Endochondral ossification during metamorphosis plays a crucial role in amphibian survival and adaptation on land. In this study, we explored the effects of different temperature treatments on the growth, development, and endochondral ossification of Rana chensinensis tadpoles during metamorphosis. The results showed that high temperature exposure may affect the skeletal development of tadpoles during metamorphosis, such as reduction of bone length and ossification of limbs, thyroid gland damage and change of ossification-related genes expression levels,and ultimately affect the movement and survival of tadpoles in the terrestrial environment. These results provide an experimental reference for further research on the effects of temperature on amphibian growth and development and provide an important theoretical basis for the decline of the amphibian population caused by temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Niu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - HaoYu Xue
- School of Philosophy and Government, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhaoyang Jiang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lihong Chai
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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24
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Single-cell RNA sequencing in orthopedic research. Bone Res 2023; 11:10. [PMID: 36828839 PMCID: PMC9958119 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although previous RNA sequencing methods have been widely used in orthopedic research and have provided ideas for therapeutic strategies, the specific mechanisms of some orthopedic disorders, including osteoarthritis, lumbar disc herniation, rheumatoid arthritis, fractures, tendon injuries, spinal cord injury, heterotopic ossification, and osteosarcoma, require further elucidation. The emergence of the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technique has introduced a new era of research on these topics, as this method provides information regarding cellular heterogeneity, new cell subtypes, functions of novel subclusters, potential molecular mechanisms, cell-fate transitions, and cell‒cell interactions that are involved in the development of orthopedic diseases. Here, we summarize the cell subpopulations, genes, and underlying mechanisms involved in the development of orthopedic diseases identified by scRNA-seq, improving our understanding of the pathology of these diseases and providing new insights into therapeutic approaches.
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25
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Hatt LP, Armiento AR, Mys K, Thompson K, Hildebrand M, Nehrbass D, Müller WEG, Zeiter S, Eglin D, Stoddart MJ. Standard in vitro evaluations of engineered bone substitutes are not sufficient to predict in vivo preclinical model outcomes. Acta Biomater 2023; 156:177-189. [PMID: 35988660 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the optimal conditions required for bone healing can have a substantial impact to target the problem of non-unions and large bone defects. The combination of bioactive factors, regenerative progenitor cells and biomaterials to form a tissue engineered (TE) complex is a promising solution but translation to the clinic has been slow. We hypothesized the typical material testing algorithm used is insufficient and leads to materials being mischaracterized as promising. In the first part of this study, human bone marrow - derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) were embedded in three commonly used biomaterials (hyaluronic acid methacrylate, gelatin methacrylate and fibrin) and combined with relevant bioactive osteogenesis factors (dexamethasone microparticles and polyphosphate nanoparticles) to form a TE construct that underwent in vitro osteogenic differentiation for 28 days. Gene expression of relevant transcription factors and osteogenic markers, and von Kossa staining were performed. In the second and third part of this study, the same combination of TE constructs were implanted subcutaneously (cell containing) in T cell-deficient athymic Crl:NIH-Foxn1rnu rats for 8 weeks or cell free in an immunocompetent New Zealand white rabbit calvarial model for 6 weeks, respectively. Osteogenic performance was investigated via MicroCT imaging and histology staining. The in vitro study showed enhanced upregulation of relevant genes and significant mineral deposition within the three biomaterials, generally considered as a positive result. Subcutaneous implantation indicates none to minor ectopic bone formation. No enhanced calvarial bone healing was detected in implanted biomaterials compared to the empty defect. The reasons for the poor correlation of in vitro and in vivo outcomes are unclear and needs further investigation. This study highlights the discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo outcomes, demonstrating that in vitro data should be interpreted with extreme caution. In vitro models with higher complexity are necessary to increase value for translational studies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Preclinical testing of newly developed biomaterials is a crucial element of the development cycle. Despite this, there is still significant discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo test results. Within this study we investigate multiple combinations of materials and osteogenic stimulants and demonstrate a poor correlation between the in vitro and in vivo data. We propose rationale for why this may be the case and suggest a modified testing algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan P Hatt
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland; Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich; 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Karen Mys
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Keith Thompson
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | | | - Dirk Nehrbass
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Werner E G Müller
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Zeiter
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - David Eglin
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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26
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Saul D, Menger MM, Ehnert S, Nüssler AK, Histing T, Laschke MW. Bone Healing Gone Wrong: Pathological Fracture Healing and Non-Unions-Overview of Basic and Clinical Aspects and Systematic Review of Risk Factors. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010085. [PMID: 36671657 PMCID: PMC9855128 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bone healing is a multifarious process involving mesenchymal stem cells, osteoprogenitor cells, macrophages, osteoblasts and -clasts, and chondrocytes to restore the osseous tissue. Particularly in long bones including the tibia, clavicle, humerus and femur, this process fails in 2-10% of all fractures, with devastating effects for the patient and the healthcare system. Underlying reasons for this failure are manifold, from lack of biomechanical stability to impaired biological host conditions and wound-immanent intricacies. In this review, we describe the cellular components involved in impaired bone healing and how they interfere with the delicately orchestrated processes of bone repair and formation. We subsequently outline and weigh the risk factors for the development of non-unions that have been established in the literature. Therapeutic prospects are illustrated and put into clinical perspective, before the applicability of biomarkers is finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Saul
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Trauma Center Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Maximilian M. Menger
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Trauma Center Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Trauma Center Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas K. Nüssler
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Trauma Center Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tina Histing
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Trauma Center Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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27
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Lončar SR, Halcrow SE, Swales D. Osteoimmunology: The effect of autoimmunity on fracture healing and skeletal analysis. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2023; 6:100326. [PMID: 37091290 PMCID: PMC10120377 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2023.100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding factors that affect bone response to trauma is integral to forensic skeletal analysis. It is essential in forensic anthropology to identify if impaired fracture healing impacts assessment of post-traumatic time intervals and whether a correction factor is required. This paper presents a synthetic review of the intersection of the literature on the immune system, bone biology, and osteoimmunological research to present a novel model of interactions that may affect fracture healing under autoimmune conditions. Results suggest that autoimmunity likely impacts fracture healing, the pathogenesis however, is under researched, but likely multifactorial. With autoimmune diseases being relatively common, significant clinical history should be incorporated when assessing skeletal remains. Future research includes the true natural healing rate of bone; effect of autoimmunity on this rate; variation of healing with different autoimmune diseases; and if necessary, development of a correction factor on the natural healing rate to account for impairment in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephie R. Lončar
- Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, New Zealand
- Corresponding author. Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification School of Science and Engineering, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Siân E. Halcrow
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, New Zealand
- Corresponding author. Biological Anthropology Research Group, Department of Anatomy, 270 Great King Street, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Diana Swales
- Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
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28
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Marcucio R, Miclau T, Bahney C. A Shifting Paradigm: Transformation of Cartilage to Bone during Bone Repair. J Dent Res 2023; 102:13-20. [PMID: 36303415 PMCID: PMC9791286 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221125401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While formation and regeneration of the skeleton have been studied for a long period of time, significant scientific advances in this field continue to emerge based on an unmet clinical need to improve options to promote bone repair. In this review, we discuss the relationship between mechanisms of bone formation and bone regeneration. Data clearly show that regeneration is not simply a reinduction of the molecular and cellular programs that were used for development. Instead, the mechanical environment exerts a strong influence on the mode of repair, while during development, cell-intrinsic processes drive the mode of skeletal formation. A major advance in the field has shown that cell fate is flexible, rather than terminal, and that chondrocytes are able to differentiate into osteoblasts and other cell types during development and regeneration. This is discussed in a larger context of regeneration in vertebrates as well as the clinical implication that this shift in understanding presents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.S. Marcucio
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - T. Miclau
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C.S. Bahney
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
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29
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Novak S, Kalajzic I. AcanCreER lacks specificity to chondrocytes and targets periosteal progenitors in the fractured callus. Bone 2023; 166:116599. [PMID: 36309308 PMCID: PMC9832919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aggrecan (Acan) is a large proteoglycan molecule constituting the extracellular matrix of cartilage, secreted by chondrocytes. To specifically target the chondrocyte lineage, researchers have widely used the AcanCreER mouse model. Evaluation of specificity and efficiency of recombination, requires Cre animals to be crossed with reporter mice. In order to accurately interpret data from Cre models, it is imperative to consider A) the amount of recombination occurring in cells/tissues that are not intended for targeting (i.e., non-specific expression), B) the efficiency of Cre recombination, which can depend on dose and duration of tamoxifen treatment, and C) the activation of CreER without tamoxifen induction, known as "Cre leakage." Using a highly sensitive reporter mouse (Ai9, tdTomato), we performed a comprehensive analysis of the AcanCreER system. Surprisingly, we observed expression in cells within the periosteum. These cells expand at a stage when chondrocytes are not yet present within the forming callus tissue (Acan/Ai9+ cells). In pulse-chase experiments, we confirmed that fibroblastic Acan/Ai9+ cells within the periosteum can directly give rise to osteoblasts. Our results show that Acan/Ai9+ is not specific for the chondrocyte lineage in the fracture callus or with the tibial holes. The expression of AcanCreER in periosteal progenitor cells complicates the interpretation of studies evaluating the transition of chondrocytes to osteoblasts (termed transdifferentiation). Awareness of these issues and the limitations of the system will lead to better data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Novak
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ivo Kalajzic
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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30
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Shah FA, Jolic M, Micheletti C, Omar O, Norlindh B, Emanuelsson L, Engqvist H, Engstrand T, Palmquist A, Thomsen P. Bone without borders - Monetite-based calcium phosphate guides bone formation beyond the skeletal envelope. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:103-114. [PMID: 35441115 PMCID: PMC9005875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphates (CaP) represent an important class of osteoconductive and osteoinductive biomaterials. As proof-of-concept, we show how a multi-component CaP formulation (monetite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and calcium pyrophosphate) guides osteogenesis beyond the physiological envelope. In a sheep model, hollow dome-shaped constructs were placed directly over the occipital bone. At 12 months, large amounts of bone (∼75%) occupy the hollow space with strong evidence of ongoing remodelling. Features of both compact bone (osteonal/osteon-like arrangements) and spongy bone (trabeculae separated by marrow cavities) reveal insights into function/need-driven microstructural adaptation. Pores within the CaP also contain both woven bone and vascularised lamellar bone. Osteoclasts actively contribute to CaP degradation/removal. Of the constituent phases, only calcium pyrophosphate persists within osseous (cutting cones) and non-osseous (macrophages) sites. From a translational perspective, this multi-component CaP opens up exciting new avenues for osteotomy-free and minimally-invasive repair of large bone defects and augmentation of the dental alveolar ridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furqan A. Shah
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Jolic
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chiara Micheletti
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omar Omar
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Norlindh
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Emanuelsson
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Engqvist
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Science Section, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Engstrand
- Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Thomsen
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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31
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The role of hypertrophic chondrocytes in regulation of the cartilage-to-bone transition in fracture healing. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101616. [PMID: 36105852 PMCID: PMC9465425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endochondral bone formation is an important pathway in fracture healing, involving the formation of a cartilaginous soft callus and the process of cartilage-to-bone transition. Failure or delay in the cartilage-to-bone transition causes an impaired bony union such as nonunion or delayed union. During the healing process, multiple types of cells including chondrocytes, osteoprogenitors, osteoblasts, and endothelial cells coexist in the callus, and inevitably crosstalk with each other. Hypertrophic chondrocytes located between soft cartilaginous callus and bony hard callus mediate the crosstalk regulating cell-matrix degradation, vascularization, osteoclast recruitment, and osteoblast differentiation in autocrine and paracrine manners. Furthermore, hypertrophic chondrocytes can become osteoprogenitors and osteoblasts, and directly contribute to woven bone formation. In this review, we focus on the roles of hypertrophic chondrocytes in fracture healing and dissect the intermingled crosstalk in fracture callus during the cartilage-to-bone transition.
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32
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Zhang H, Li Q, Xu X, Zhang S, Chen Y, Yuan T, Zeng Z, Zhang Y, Mei Z, Yan S, Zhang L, Wei S. Functionalized Microscaffold-Hydrogel Composites Accelerating Osteochondral Repair through Endochondral Ossification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52599-52617. [PMID: 36394998 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral regeneration remains a key challenge because of the limited self-healing ability of the bone and its complex structure and composition. Biomaterials based on endochondral ossification (ECO) are considered an attractive candidate to promote bone repair because they can effectively address the difficulties in establishing vascularization and poor bone regeneration via intramembranous ossification (IMO). However, its clinical application is limited by the complex cellular behavior of ECO and the long time required for induction of the cell cycle. Herein, functionalized microscaffold-hydrogel composites are developed to accelerate the developmental bone growth process via recapitulating ECO. The design comprises arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-peptide-modified microscaffolds loaded with kartogenin (KGN) and wrapped with a layer of RGD- and QK-peptide-comodified alginate hydrogel. These microscaffolds enhance the proliferation and aggregation behavior of the human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs); the controlled release of kartogenin induces the differentiation of hBMSCs into chondrocytes; and the hydrogel grafted with RGD and QK peptide facilitates chondrocyte hypertrophy, which creates a vascularized niche for osteogenesis and finally accelerates osteochondral repair in vivo. The findings provide an efficient bioengineering approach by sequentially modulating cellular ECO behavior for osteochondral defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Central Laboratory and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Xiangliang Xu
- Central Laboratory and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Tumor Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Ziqian Zeng
- Central Laboratory and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Central Laboratory and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Zi Mei
- Central Laboratory and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Yan
- Central Laboratory and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Central Laboratory and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Shicheng Wei
- Central Laboratory and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
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33
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Saul D, Khosla S. Fracture Healing in the Setting of Endocrine Diseases, Aging, and Cellular Senescence. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:984-1002. [PMID: 35182420 PMCID: PMC9695115 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
More than 2.1 million age-related fractures occur in the United States annually, resulting in an immense socioeconomic burden. Importantly, the age-related deterioration of bone structure is associated with impaired bone healing. Fracture healing is a dynamic process which can be divided into four stages. While the initial hematoma generates an inflammatory environment in which mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages orchestrate the framework for repair, angiogenesis and cartilage formation mark the second healing period. In the central region, endochondral ossification favors soft callus development while next to the fractured bony ends, intramembranous ossification directly forms woven bone. The third stage is characterized by removal and calcification of the endochondral cartilage. Finally, the chronic remodeling phase concludes the healing process. Impaired fracture healing due to aging is related to detrimental changes at the cellular level. Macrophages, osteocytes, and chondrocytes express markers of senescence, leading to reduced self-renewal and proliferative capacity. A prolonged phase of "inflammaging" results in an extended remodeling phase, characterized by a senescent microenvironment and deteriorating healing capacity. Although there is evidence that in the setting of injury, at least in some tissues, senescent cells may play a beneficial role in facilitating tissue repair, recent data demonstrate that clearing senescent cells enhances fracture repair. In this review, we summarize the physiological as well as pathological processes during fracture healing in endocrine disease and aging in order to establish a broad understanding of the biomechanical as well as molecular mechanisms involved in bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Saul
- Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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34
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Tan J, Ren L, Xie K, Wang L, Jiang W, Guo Y, Hao Y. Functionalized TiCu/TiCuN coating promotes osteoporotic fracture healing by upregulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Regen Biomater 2022; 10:rbac092. [PMID: 36683750 PMCID: PMC9847630 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis results in decreased bone mass and insufficient osteogenic function. Existing titanium alloy implants have insufficient osteoinductivity and delayed/incomplete fracture union can occur when used to treat osteoporotic fractures. Copper ions have good osteogenic activity, but their dose-dependent cytotoxicity limits their clinical use for bone implants. In this study, titanium alloy implants functionalized with a TiCu/TiCuN coating by arc ion plating achieved a controlled release of copper ions in vitro for 28 days. The coated alloy was co-cultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and showed excellent biocompatibility and osteoinductivity in vitro. A further exploration of the underlying mechanism by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting revealed that the enhancement effects are related to the upregulation of genes and proteins (such as axin2, β-catenin, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, LEF1 and TCF1/TCF7) involved in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In vivo experiments showed that the TiCu/TiCuN coating significantly promoted osteoporotic fracture healing in a rat femur fracture model, and has good in vivo biocompatibility based on various staining results. Our study confirmed that TiCu/TiCuN-coated Ti promotes osteoporotic fracture healing associated with the Wnt pathway. Because the coating effectively accelerates the healing of osteoporotic fractures and improves bone quality, it has significant clinical application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ling Ren
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Kai Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yongqiang Hao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
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35
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Kan T, He Z, Du J, Xu M, Cui J, Han X, Tong D, Li H, Yan M, Yu Z. Irisin promotes fracture healing by improving osteogenesis and angiogenesis. J Orthop Translat 2022; 37:37-45. [PMID: 36196152 PMCID: PMC9513699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are important for bone fracture healing. Irisin is a muscle-derived monokine that is associated with bone formation. Methods To demonstrate the effect of irisin on bone fracture healing, closed mid-diaphyseal femur fractures were produced in 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice. Irisin was administrated intraperitoneally every other day after surgery, fracture healing was assessed by using X-rays. Bone morphometry of the fracture callus were assessed by using micro-computed tomography. Femurs of mice from each group were assessed by the three-point bending testing. Effect of irisin on osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells in vitro was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining. Angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated by qRT-PCR, migration tests, and tube formation assays. Results Increased callus formation, mineralization and tougher fracture healing were observed in the irisin-treated group than in the control group, indicating the better fracture callus healing due to Irisin treatment. The vessel surface and vessel volume fraction of the callus also increased in the irisin-treated group. The expression of BMP2, CD31, and VEGF in callus were enhanced in the irisin-treated group. In mouse bone mesenchymal stem cells, irisin promoted ALP expression and mineralization, and increased the expression of osteogenic genes, including OSX, Runx2, OPG, ALP, OCN and BMP2. Irisin also promoted HUVEC migration and tube formation. Expression of angiogenic genes, including ANGPT1, ANGPT2, VEGFb, CD31, FGF2, and PDGFRB in HUVECs were increased by irisin. Conclusion All the results indicate irisin can promote fracture healing through osteogenesis and angiogenesis. These findings help in the understanding of muscle–bone interactions during fracture healing. The Translational Potential of this Article Irisin was one of the most important monokine secreted by skeletal muscle. Studies have found that irisin have anabolic effect one bone remodeling through affecting osteocyte and osteoblast. Based on our study, irisin could promote bone fracture healing by increasing bone mass and vascularization, which provide a potential usage of irisin to promote fracture healing and improve clinical outcomes.
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36
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Yue H, Tian Y, Feng X, Bo Y, Xue C, Dong P, Wang J. Novel Peptides Derived from Sea Cucumber Intestine Promotes Osteogenesis by Upregulating Integrin-Mediated Transdifferentiation of Growth Plate Chondrocytes to Osteoblasts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13212-13222. [PMID: 36205515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The sea cucumber intestine is a major by-product of sea cucumber processing and contains high levels of protein. In this study, we isolated and identified 28 novel osteogenic peptides from sea cucumber intestinal hydrolysis by the activity-tracking method for the first time. In vitro experimental results showed that compared with high molecular weight, the peptides from sea cucumber intestine (SCIP) with molecular weight <3 kDa more significantly promoted the proliferation and mineralized nodules of MC3T3-E1 cell and exhibited potential integrin binding capacity. In vivo experimental results showed that the SCIP supplement significantly increased the longitudinal bone length and elevated the height of the growth plate (especially the hypertrophic zone, 37.2%, p < 0.01) in adolescent mice. Further, immunofluorescence labeling results indicated that the SCIP supplement increased chondrocyte transdifferentiate to osteoblast in the growth plate close to the diaphysis. Mechanistically, transcriptome analysis revealed that the SCIP supplement induced the dedifferentiation of chondrocyte to osteoprogenitor cell via integrin-mediated histone acetylation and then redifferentiated to osteoblast via integrin-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These results reported for the first time that sea cucumber intestine had the potential to develop into a dietary supplement for promoting osteogenic, and provide new evidence for the mechanism of dietary promotes chondrocyte to osteoblast transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, China
| | - Yingying Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, China
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, China
| | - Yuying Bo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237 Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Ping Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, China
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37
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Bourgery M, Ekholm E, Hiltunen A, Heino TJ, Pursiheimo JP, Bendre A, Yatkin E, Laitala T, Määttä J, Säämänen AM. Signature of circulating small non-coding RNAs during early fracture healing in mice. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101627. [PMID: 36304905 PMCID: PMC9593857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fracture healing is a complex process with multiple overlapping metabolic and differentiation phases. Small non-coding RNAs are involved in the regulation of fracture healing and their presence in circulation is under current interest due to their obvious value as potential biomarkers. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been characterized to some extent but the current knowledge on tRNA-derived small RNA fragments (tsRNAs) is relatively scarce, especially in circulation. In this study, the spectrum of circulating miRNAs and tsRNAs was analysed by next generation sequencing to show their differential expression during fracture healing in vivo. Analysed tsRNA fragments included stress-induced translation interfering tRNA fragments (tiRNAs or tRNA halves) and internal tRNA fragments (i-tRF), within the size range of 28–36 bp. To unveil the expression of these non-coding RNAs, genome-wide analysis was performed on two months old C57BL/6 mice on days 1, 5, 7, 10, and 14 (D1, D5, D7, D10, and D14) after a closed tibial fracture. Valine isoacceptor tRNA-derived Val-AAC 5′end and Val-CAC 5′end fragments were the major types of 5′end tiRNAs in circulation, comprising about 65 % of the total counts. Their expression was not affected by fracture. After a fracture, the levels of two 5′end tiRNAs Lys-TTT 5′ and Lys-CTT 5′ were decreased and His-GTG 5′ was increased through D1-D14. The level of miR-451a was decreased on the first post-fracture day (D1), whereas miR-328-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-423-5p, and miR-150-5p were increased post-fracture. These data provide evidence on how fracture healing could provoke systemic metabolic effects and further pinpoint the potential of small non-coding RNAs as biomarkers for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Bourgery
- Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Erika Ekholm
- Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | | | - Terhi J. Heino
- Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Pursiheimo
- Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland,Genomill Health, Turku, Finland
| | - Ameya Bendre
- Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emrah Yatkin
- Central Animal Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiina Laitala
- Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Määttä
- Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland,Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Turku, Finland
| | - Anna-Marja Säämänen
- Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland,Corresponding author at: Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland.
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Zhang X, Wang X, Lee YW, Feng L, Wang B, Pan Q, Meng X, Cao H, Li L, Wang H, Bai S, Kong L, Chow DHK, Qin L, Cui L, Lin S, Li G. Bioactive Scaffold Fabricated by 3D Printing for Enhancing Osteoporotic Bone Regeneration. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:525. [PMID: 36290493 PMCID: PMC9598556 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We develop a poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/β-calcium phosphate (PLGA/TCP)-based scaffold through a three-dimensional (3D) printing technique incorporating icaritin (ICT), a unique phytomolecule, and secretome derived from human fetal mesenchymal stem cells (HFS), to provide mechanical support and biological cues for stimulating bone defect healing. With the sustained release of ICT and HFS from the composite scaffold, the cell-free scaffold efficiently facilitates the migration of MSCs and promotes bone regeneration at the femoral defect site in the ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporotic rat model. Furthermore, mechanism study results indicate that the combination of ICT and HFS additively activates the Integrin-FAK (focal adhesion kinase)-ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2)-Runx2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2) axis, which could be linked to the beneficial recruitment of MSCs to the implant and subsequent osteogenesis enhancement. Collectively, the PLGA/TCP/ICT/HFS (P/T/I/S) bioactive scaffold is a promising biomaterial for repairing osteoporotic bone defects, which may have immense implications for their translation to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinluan Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuk-wai Lee
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lu Feng
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiangbo Meng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huijuan Cao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Linlong Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haixing Wang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shanshan Bai
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lingchi Kong
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dick Ho Kiu Chow
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liao Cui
- School of Pharmacy and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Sien Lin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The periosteum, the outer layer of bone, is a major source of skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) for bone repair. Here, we discuss recent findings on the characterization, role, and regulation of periosteal SSPCs (pSSPCs) during bone regeneration. RECENT FINDINGS Several markers have been described for pSSPCs but lack tissue specificity. In vivo lineage tracing and transcriptomic analyses have improved our understanding of pSSPC functions during bone regeneration. Bone injury activates pSSPCs that migrate, proliferate, and have the unique potential to form both bone and cartilage. The injury response of pSSPCs is controlled by many signaling pathways including BMP, FGF, Notch, and Wnt, their metabolic state, and their interactions with the blood clot, nerve fibers, blood vessels, and macrophages in the fracture environment. Periosteal SSPCs are essential for bone regeneration. Despite recent advances, further studies are required to elucidate pSSPC heterogeneity and plasticity that make them a central component of the fracture healing process and a prime target for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Perrin
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - Céline Colnot
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France.
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40
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Sun J, Li Q, Wang S, Wang G, Zhao J, Li H, Liu C, Shi Y, Li Z, Yu H. Establishment and Evaluation of a Rat Model of Medial Malleolar Fracture with Vascular Injury. Orthop Surg 2022; 14:2701-2710. [PMID: 36098492 PMCID: PMC9531110 DOI: 10.1111/os.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A stable animal model was needed to study bone non‐union caused by insufficient blood supply, the main object of this paper is to develop a medial malleolar fracture model with controllable arterial vascular injuries in rats for revealing the biochemical mechanism of non‐union by insufficient blood supply. Methods A total of 18 rats were randomly divided into three equal groups: the Sham group, the Fracture group, and the Fracture + Vascular group. The animals were subjected to unilateral medial malleolar bone fracture and vascular injury using customized molding equipment. The fracture site was scanned by micro‐CT, and vascular injury was evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) 24 h after modeling. Histological examination (HE), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were conducted on the medial malleolar fracture tissues of three rats randomly selected from each group 24 h after modeling. Subsequently, to further confirm the success of fracture modeling, the fracture sites of three other rats in each group underwent micro‐CT scanning again 6 weeks after surgery. Results The results of a 24 h micro‐CT showed that all rats used to create the fracture models showed controlled injury of the medial malleolus. The model was stable, and the satisfaction of the homemade equipment agreed with the expectation. LDF showed that the blood flow of rats in the Fracture + Vascular group decreased significantly 24 h after fracture injury, while collateral blood flow perfusion increased by 50% on average. The results of HE, ALP and TRAP staining in the medial malleolus showed that the number of osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs) in the Fracture group increased significantly, but the number of OBs and OCs in the Fracture + Vascular group decreased sharply relative to the number in the Sham group 24 h later. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results showed that the number of neovessels in the Fracture group was significantly increased, while the number of neovessels in the Fracture + Vascular group was significantly decreased, which was consistent with the above results. After 6 weeks of modeling, the micro‐CT results showed that the fractures in the Fracture group had healed substantially, while those in the Fracture + Vascular group had not. Conclusion This study provided a reproducible and stable experimental animal model for medial malleolar fractures with arterial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglai Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine, Tianjin 4TH Centre Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qifeng Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Academy of Medical Engineering and Translation Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangpu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine, Tianjin 4TH Centre Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine, Tianjin 4TH Centre Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanming Li
- Tianjin Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine, Tianjin 4TH Centre Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Tianjin 4TH Centre Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Tianjin Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine, Tianjin 4TH Centre Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Tianjin 4TH Centre Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin 4TH Centre Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yifan Shi
- Department of Imaging, Tianjin 4TH Centre Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Tianjin Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine, Tianjin 4TH Centre Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin 4TH Centre Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine, Tianjin 4TH Centre Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Academy of Medical Engineering and Translation Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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41
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Kim J, Tomida K, Matsumoto T, Adachi T. Spheroid culture for chondrocytes triggers early stage of endochondral ossification. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:3311-3318. [PMID: 35923099 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Endochondral ossification is the process of bone formation derived from growing cartilage during the development of the skeletal system. In previous studies, we have attempted to evoke the osteocyte differentiation of osteoblast precursor cells under a three-dimensional (3D) culture model. In order to recapitulate the endochondral ossification, the present study utilized the self-organized scaffold-free spheroid model reconstructed by pre-chondrocyte cells. Within 2-day cultivation in the absence of the chemically induced chondrogenesis supplements, the chondrocyte marker was greatly expressed in the inner region of the spheroid, whereas the hypertrophic chondrocyte marker was strongly detected in the surface region of the spheroid. Notably, we found out that the gene expression levels of osteocyte markers were also greatly up-regulated compared to the conventional 2D monolayer. Moreover, there was a hypertrophied morphologic change in the pre-chondrocyte spheroid from 4-day to 28-day cultivation. In this study, we highlighted the potentials of the 3D culture method to acquire the hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation of the pre-chondrocyte cells to recapitulate the early stage of the endochondral ossification. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kosei Tomida
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takeo Matsumoto
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Taiji Adachi
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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42
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Bell N, Bhagat S, Muruganandan S, Kim R, Ho K, Pierce R, Kozhemyakina E, Lassar AB, Gamer L, Rosen V, Ionescu AM. Overexpression of transcription factor FoxA2 in the developing skeleton causes an enlargement of the cartilage hypertrophic zone, but it does not trigger ectopic differentiation in immature chondrocytes. Bone 2022; 160:116418. [PMID: 35398294 PMCID: PMC9133231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that FoxA factors are necessary for chondrocyte differentiation. To investigate whether FoxA factors alone are sufficient to drive chondrocyte hypertrophy, we build a FoxA2 transgenic mouse in which FoxA2 cDNA is driven by a reiterated Tetracycline Response Element (TRE) and a minimal CMV promoter. This transgenic line was crossed with a col2CRE;Rosa26rtTA/+ mouse line to generate col2CRE;Rosa26rtTA/+;TgFoxA2+/- mice for inducible expression of FoxA2 in cartilage using doxycycline treatment. Ectopic expression of FoxA2 in the developing skeleton reveals skeletal defects and shorter skeletal elements in E17.5 mice. The chondro-osseous border was frequently mis-shaped in mutant mice, with small islands of col.10+ hypertrophic cells extending in the metaphyseal bone. Even though overexpression of FoxA2 causes an accumulation of hypertrophic chondrocytes, it did not trigger ectopic hypertrophy in the immature chondrocytes. This suggests that FoxA2 may need transcriptional co-factors (such as Runx2), whose expression is restricted to the hypertrophic zone, and absent in the immature chondrocytes. To investigate a potential FoxA2/Runx2 interaction in immature chondrocytes versus hypertrophic cells, we separated these two subpopulations by FACS to obtain CD24+CD200+ hypertrophic chondrocytes and CD24+CD200- immature chondrocytes and we ectopically expressed FoxA2 alone or in combination with Runx2 via lentiviral gene delivery. In CD24+CD200+ hypertrophic chondrocytes, FoxA2 enhanced the expression of chondrocyte hypertrophic markers collagen 10, MMP13, and alkaline phosphatase. In contrast, in the CD24+CD200- immature chondrocytes, neither FoxA2 nor Runx2 overexpression could induce ectopic expression of hypertrophic markers MMP13, alkaline phosphatase, or PTH/PTHrP receptor. Overall these findings mirror our in vivo data, and suggest that induction of chondrocyte hypertrophy by FoxA2 may require other factors in addition to Runx2 (i.e., Hif2α, MEF2C, or perhaps unknown factors), whose expression/activity is rate-limiting in immature chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bell
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Sanket Bhagat
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Shanmugam Muruganandan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Biology, 134 Mugar Life Sciences Building, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Ryunhyung Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Kailing Ho
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Rachel Pierce
- Department of Biology, 134 Mugar Life Sciences Building, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Elena Kozhemyakina
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Andrew B Lassar
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Laura Gamer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Andreia M Ionescu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Biology, 134 Mugar Life Sciences Building, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
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43
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Tan WH, Winkler C. A non-disruptive and efficient knock-in approach allows fate tracing of resident osteoblast progenitors during repair of vertebral lesions in medaka. Development 2022; 149:275483. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
During bone development and repair, osteoblasts are recruited to bone deposition sites. To identify the origin of recruited osteoblasts, cell lineage tracing using Cre/loxP recombination is commonly used. However, a confounding factor is the use of transgenic Cre drivers that do not accurately recapitulate endogenous gene expression or the use of knock-in Cre drivers that alter endogenous protein activity or levels. Here, we describe a CRISPR/Cas9 homology-directed repair knock-in approach that allows efficient generation of Cre drivers controlled by the endogenous gene promoter. In addition, a self-cleaving peptide preserves the reading frame of the endogenous protein. Using this approach, we generated col10a1p2a-CreERT2 knock-in medaka and show that tamoxifen-inducible CreERT2 efficiently recombined loxP sites in col10a1 cells. Similar knock-in efficiencies were obtained when two unrelated loci (osr1 and col2a1a) were targeted. Using live imaging, we traced the fate of col10a1 osteoblast progenitors during bone lesion repair in the medaka vertebral column. We show that col10a1 cells at neural arches represent a mobilizable cellular source for bone repair. Together, our study describes a previously unreported strategy for precise cell lineage tracing via efficient and non-disruptive knock-in of Cre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hui Tan
- National University of Singapore Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences , , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Christoph Winkler
- National University of Singapore Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences , , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
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44
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Pathological differences in the bone healing processes between tooth extraction socket and femoral fracture. Bone Rep 2022; 16:101522. [PMID: 35372643 PMCID: PMC8965168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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45
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The Emerging Role of Cell Transdifferentiation in Skeletal Development and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115974. [PMID: 35682655 PMCID: PMC9180549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate musculoskeletal system is known to be formed by mesenchymal stem cells condensing into tissue elements, which then differentiate into cartilage, bone, tendon/ligament, and muscle cells. These lineage-committed cells mature into end-stage differentiated cells, like hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteocytes, which are expected to expire and to be replaced by newly differentiated cells arising from the same lineage pathway. However, there is emerging evidence of the role of cell transdifferentiation in bone development and disease. Although the concept of cell transdifferentiation is not new, a breakthrough in cell lineage tracing allowed scientists to trace cell fates in vivo. Using this powerful tool, new theories have been established: (1) hypertrophic chondrocytes can transdifferentiate into bone cells during endochondral bone formation, fracture repair, and some bone diseases, and (2) tendon cells, beyond their conventional role in joint movement, directly participate in normal bone and cartilage formation, and ectopic ossification. The goal of this review is to obtain a better understanding of the key roles of cell transdifferentiation in skeletal development and diseases. We will first review the transdifferentiation of chondrocytes to bone cells during endochondral bone formation. Specifically, we will include the history of the debate on the fate of chondrocytes during bone formation, the key findings obtained in recent years on the critical factors and molecules that regulate this cell fate change, and the role of chondrocyte transdifferentiation in skeletal trauma and diseases. In addition, we will also summarize the latest discoveries on the novel roles of tendon cells and adipocytes on skeletal formation and diseases.
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46
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Serowoky MA, Kuwahara ST, Liu S, Vakhshori V, Lieberman JR, Mariani FV. A murine model of large-scale bone regeneration reveals a selective requirement for Sonic Hedgehog. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:30. [PMID: 35581202 PMCID: PMC9114339 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Building and maintaining skeletal tissue requires the activity of skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs). Following injury, local pools of these SSPCs become active and coordinate to build new cartilage and bone tissues. While recent studies have identified specific markers for these SSPCs, how they become activated in different injury contexts is not well-understood. Here, using a model of large-scale rib bone regeneration in mice, we demonstrate that the growth factor, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), is an early and essential driver of large-scale bone healing. Shh expression is broadly upregulated in the first few days following rib bone resection, and conditional knockout of Shh at early but not late post-injury stages severely inhibits cartilage callus formation and later bone regeneration. Whereas Smoothened (Smo), a key transmembrane component of the Hh pathway, is required in Sox9+ lineage cells for rib regeneration, we find that Shh is required in a Prrx1-expressing, Sox9-negative mesenchymal population. Intriguingly, upregulation of Shh expression and requirements for Shh and Smo may be unique to large-scale injuries, as they are dispensable for both complete rib and femur fracture repair. In addition, single-cell RNA sequencing of callus tissue from animals with deficient Hedgehog signaling reveals a depletion of Cxcl12-expressing cells, which may indicate failed recruitment of Cxcl12-expressing SSPCs during the regenerative response. These results reveal a mechanism by which Shh expression in the local injury environment unleashes large-scale regenerative abilities in the murine rib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell A Serowoky
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Stephanie T Kuwahara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Shuwan Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Venus Vakhshori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Jay R Lieberman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Francesca V Mariani
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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47
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Yahara Y, Nguyen T, Ishikawa K, Kamei K, Alman BA. The origins and roles of osteoclasts in bone development, homeostasis and repair. Development 2022; 149:275249. [PMID: 35502779 PMCID: PMC9124578 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying bone development, repair and regeneration are reliant on the interplay and communication between osteoclasts and other surrounding cells. Osteoclasts are multinucleated monocyte lineage cells with resorptive abilities, forming the bone marrow cavity during development. This marrow cavity, essential to hematopoiesis and osteoclast-osteoblast interactions, provides a setting to investigate the origin of osteoclasts and their multi-faceted roles. This Review examines recent developments in the embryonic understanding of osteoclast origin, as well as interactions within the immune environment to regulate normal and pathological bone development, homeostasis and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Yahara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tuyet Nguyen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Koji Ishikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kamei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Benjamin A Alman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
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48
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Bone Mass and Osteoblast Activity Are Sex-Dependent in Mice Lacking the Estrogen Receptor α in Chondrocytes and Osteoblast Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052902. [PMID: 35270044 PMCID: PMC8911122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
While estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is known to be important for bone development and homeostasis, its exact function during osteoblast differentiation remains unclear. Conditional deletion of ERα during specific stages of osteoblast differentiation revealed different bone phenotypes, which were also shown to be sex-dependent. Since hypertrophic chondrocytes can transdifferentiate into osteoblasts and substantially contribute to long-bone development, we aimed to investigate the effects of ERα deletion in both osteoblast and chondrocytes on bone development and structure. Therefore, we generated mice in which the ERα gene was inactivated via a Runx2-driven cyclic recombinase (ERαfl/fl; Runx2Cre). We analyzed the bones of 3-month-old ERαfl/fl; Runx2Cre mice by biomechanical testing, micro-computed tomography, and cellular parameters by histology. Male ERαfl/fl; Runx2Cre mice displayed a significantly increased cortical bone mass and flexural rigidity of the femurs compared to age-matched controls with no active Cre-transgene (ERαfl/fl). By contrast, female ERαfl/fl; Runx2Cre mice exhibited significant trabecular bone loss, whereas in cortical bone periosteal and endosteal diameters were reduced. Our results indicate that the ERα in osteoblast progenitors and hypertrophic chondrocytes differentially contributes to bone mass regulation in male and female mice and improves our understanding of ERα signaling in bone cells in vivo.
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On the horizon: Hedgehog signaling to heal broken bones. Bone Res 2022; 10:13. [PMID: 35165260 PMCID: PMC8844053 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the molecular pathways that drive skeletal repair has been an ongoing challenge. Initial efforts have relied on in vitro assays to identify the key signaling pathways that drive cartilage and bone differentiation. While these assays can provide some clues, assessing specific pathways in animal models is critical. Furthermore, definitive proof that a pathway is required for skeletal repair is best provided using genetic tests. Stimulating the Hh (Hedgehog) pathway can promote cartilage and bone differentiation in cell culture assays. In addition, the application of HH protein or various pathway agonists in vivo has a positive influence on bone healing. Until recently, however, genetic proof that the Hh pathway is involved in bone repair has been lacking. Here, we consider both in vitro and in vivo studies that examine the role of Hh in repair and discuss some of the challenges inherent in their interpretation. We also identify needed areas of study considering a new appreciation for the role of cartilage during repair, the variety of cell types that may have differing roles in repair, and the recent availability of powerful lineage tracing techniques. We are optimistic that emerging genetic tools will make it possible to precisely define when and in which cells promoting Hh signaling can best promote skeletal repair, and thus, the clinical potential for targeting the Hh pathway can be realized.
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Abstract
Fracture healing is a complex, multistep process that is highly sensitive to mechanical signaling. To optimize repair, surgeons prescribe immediate weight-bearing as-tolerated within 24 hours after surgical fixation; however, this recommendation is based on anecdotal evidence and assessment of bulk healing outcomes (e.g., callus size, bone volume, etc.). Given challenges in accurately characterizing the mechanical environment and the ever-changing properties of the regenerate, the principles governing mechanical regulation of repair, including their cell and molecular basis, are not yet well defined. However, the use of mechanobiological rodent models, and their relatively large genetic toolbox, combined with recent advances in imaging approaches and single-cell analyses is improving our understanding of the bone microenvironment in response to loading. This review describes the identification and characterization of distinct cell populations involved in bone healing and highlights the most recent findings on mechanical regulation of bone homeostasis and repair with an emphasis on osteo-angio coupling. A discussion on aging and its impact on bone mechanoresponsiveness emphasizes the need for novel mechanotherapeutics that can re-sensitize skeletal stem and progenitor cells to physical rehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Anani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Alesha B Castillo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10010, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY 11201, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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