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Marron AO, Sauret‐Güeto S, Rebmann M, Silvestri L, Tomaselli M, Haseloff J. An enhancer trap system to track developmental dynamics in Marchantia polymorpha. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:604-628. [PMID: 37583263 PMCID: PMC10952768 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
A combination of streamlined genetics, experimental tractability and relative morphological simplicity compared to vascular plants makes the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha an ideal model system for studying many aspects of plant biology. Here we describe a transformation vector combining a constitutive fluorescent membrane marker with a nuclear marker that is regulated by nearby enhancer elements and use this to produce a library of enhancer trap lines for Marchantia. Screening gemmae from these lines allowed the identification and characterization of novel marker lines, including markers for rhizoids and oil cells. The library allowed the identification of a margin tissue running around the thallus edge, highlighted during thallus development. The expression of this marker is correlated with auxin levels. We generated multiple markers for the meristematic apical notch region, which have different spatial expression patterns, reappear at different times during meristem regeneration following apical notch excision and have varying responses to auxin supplementation or inhibition. This reveals that there are proximodistal substructures within the apical notch that could not be observed otherwise. We employed our markers to study Marchantia sporeling development, observing meristem emergence as defining the protonema-to-prothallus stage transition, and subsequent production of margin tissue during the prothallus stage. Exogenous auxin treatment stalls meristem emergence at the protonema stage but does not inhibit cell division, resulting in callus-like sporelings with many rhizoids, whereas pharmacologically inhibiting auxin synthesis and transport does not prevent meristem emergence. This enhancer trap system presents a useful resource for the community and will contribute to future Marchantia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan O. Marron
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
| | - Susanna Sauret‐Güeto
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
- Present address:
Crop Science CentreUniversity of Cambridge93 Lawrence Weaver, RoadCambridgeCB3 0LEUK
| | - Marius Rebmann
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
| | - Linda Silvestri
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
| | - Marta Tomaselli
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
| | - Jim Haseloff
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
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2
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Furuya T, Nishihama R, Ishizaki K, Kohchi T, Fukuda H, Kondo Y. A glycogen synthase kinase 3-like kinase MpGSK regulates cell differentiation in Marchantia polymorpha. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2022; 39:65-72. [PMID: 35800965 PMCID: PMC9200085 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1219a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants precisely coordinate the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation to ensure the continuous development. In Arabidopsis thaliana, members of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) family, which are highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinases among eukaryotes, play important roles in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation during various developmental processes. However, functional roles of GSK3s in the plant lineages except angiosperms remain to be elucidated. Here, we utilized a model liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, for studies of GSK3, because it has a single GSK3-like kinase, MpGSK. When M. polymorpha was treated with a chemical compound, bikinin, which is known as a specific inhibitor for GSK3-like kinases, growth and morphologies were altered with an expansion of the meristematic region. Similarly, Mpgsk loss-of-function mutants accumulated undifferentiated cell mass with no differentiated tissues. By contrast, overexpression of MpGSK reduced the size of the meristem region. These results suggest that MpGSK plays important roles as a regulator for the balance between cell differentiation and proliferation in M. polymorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Furuya
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kimitsune Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroo Fukuda
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kameoka, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan
| | - Yuki Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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3
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Furuya T, Shinkawa H, Kajikawa M, Nishihama R, Kohchi T, Fukuzawa H, Tsukaya H. A plant-specific DYRK kinase DYRKP coordinates cell morphology in Marchantia polymorpha. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:1265-1277. [PMID: 34549353 PMCID: PMC8514375 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01345-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs) are activated via the auto-phosphorylation of conserved tyrosine residues in their activation loop during protein translation, and they then phosphorylate serine/threonine residues on substrates. The DYRK family is widely conserved in eukaryotes and is composed of six subgroups. In plant lineages, DYRK homologs are classified into four subgroups, DYRK2s, yet another kinase1s, pre-mRNA processing factor 4 kinases, and DYRKPs. Only the DYRKP subgroup is plant-specific and has been identified in a wide array of plant lineages, including land plants and green algae. It has been suggested that in Arabidopsis thaliana DYRKPs are involved in the regulation of centripetal nuclear positioning induced by dark light conditions. However, the molecular functions, such as kinase activity and the developmental and physiological roles of DYRKPs are poorly understood. Here, we focused on a sole DYRKP ortholog in the model bryophyte, Marchantia polymorpha, MpDYRKP. MpDYRKP has a highly conserved kinase domain located in the C-terminal region and shares common sequence motifs in the N-terminal region with other DYRKP members. To identify the roles of MpDYRKP in M. polymorpha, we generated loss-of-function Mpdyrkp mutants via genome editing. Mpdyrkp mutants exhibited abnormal, shrunken morphologies with less flattening in their vegetative plant bodies, thalli, and male reproductive organs, antheridial receptacles. The surfaces of the thalli in the Mpdyrkp mutants appeared uneven and disordered. Moreover, their epidermal cells were drastically altered to a narrower shape when compared to the wild type. These results suggest that MpDYRKP acts as a morphological regulator, which contributes to orderly tissue morphogenesis via the regulation of cell shape.
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Grants
- 19K21189 ministry of education, culture, sports, science and technology
- 20K15813 ministry of education, culture, sports, science and technology
- 17K07753 ministry of education, culture, sports, science and technology
- 16H04805 ministry of education, culture, sports, science and technology
- 25113002 ministry of education, culture, sports, science and technology
- 19H05672 ministry of education, culture, sports, science and technology
- 251113009 ministry of education, culture, sports, science and technology
- 25113001 ministry of education, culture, sports, science and technology
- 19H05675 ministry of education, culture, sports, science and technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Furuya
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113- 0033, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Haruka Shinkawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Masataka Kajikawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, 278- 8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideya Fukuzawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113- 0033, Japan.
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4
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Takechi K, Nagase H, Furuya T, Hattori K, Sato Y, Miyajima K, Higuchi T, Matsuda R, Takio S, Tsukaya H, Takano H. Two atypical ANGUSTIFOLIA without a plant-specific C-terminus regulate gametophore and sporophyte shapes in the moss Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:1390-1399. [PMID: 33280196 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN) is a plant-specific subfamily of the CtBP/BARS/AN family, characterized by a plant-specific C-terminal domain of approximately 200 amino acids. Previously, we revealed that double knockout (DKO) lines of Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens ANGUSTIFOLIA genes (PpAN1-1 and PpAN1-2) show defects in gametophore height and the lengths of the seta and foot region of sporophytes, by reduced cell elongation. In addition to two canonical ANs, the genome of P. patens has two atypical ANs without a coding region for a plant-specific C-terminus (PpAN2-1 and PpAN2-2); these were investigated in this study. Similar to PpAN1s, both promoters of the PpAN2 genes were highly active in the stems of haploid gametophores and in the middle-to-basal region of young diploid sporophytes that develop into the seta and foot. Analyses of PpAN2-1/2-2 DKO and PpAN quadruple knockout (QKO) lines implied that these four AN genes have partially redundant functions to regulate cell elongation in their expression regions. Transgenic strains harboring P. patens α-tubulin fused to green fluorescent protein, which were generated from a QKO line, showed that the orientation of the microtubules in the gametophore tips in the PpAN QKO lines was unchanged from the wild-type and PpAN1-1/1-2 DKO plants. In addition to both PpAN2-1 and PpAN2-2, short Arabidopsis AN without the C-terminus of 200 amino acids could rescue the Arabidopsis thaliana an-1 phenotypes, implying AN activity is dependent on the N-terminal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Takechi
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagase
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furuya
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Koro Hattori
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kensuke Miyajima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Higuchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Ryuya Matsuda
- Center for Water Cycle, Marine Environment and Disaster Management, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Susumu Takio
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
- Center for Water Cycle, Marine Environment and Disaster Management, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Takano
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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Yin X, Tsukaya H. A Pulse-chase EdU Method for Detection of Cell Division Orientation in Arabidopsis and Juncus prismatocarpus Leaf Primordia. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e3882. [PMID: 33732770 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, the morphological diversity of leaves is largely determined by cell division, especially cell division orientation. Whereas cell division itself is easily monitored, the detection and quantification of cell division orientation are difficult. The few existing methods for detection and quantification of cell division orientation are either inefficient or laborious. Here, we describe a pulse-chase strategy using a 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) labeling assay. Plant tissues are first incubated with EdU for a short period (pulse), followed by a long incubation without EdU (chase). Using this method, the positions of daughter cells are easily detected and can be used to quantify cell division orientation. Our protocol is rapid and very efficient for quantitative analysis of cell division orientation, and can be applied to both model and non-model plant species. Graphic abstract: Plant cell division pairs clearly visualized by a pulse-chase EdU method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Westermann J, Koebke E, Lentz R, Hülskamp M, Boisson-Dernier A. A Comprehensive Toolkit for Quick and Easy Visualization of Marker Proteins, Protein-Protein Interactions and Cell Morphology in Marchantia polymorpha. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:569194. [PMID: 33178238 PMCID: PMC7593560 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.569194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Even though stable genomic transformation of sporelings and thalli of Marchantia polymorpha is straightforward and efficient, numerous problems can arise during critical phases of the process such as efficient spore production, poor selection capacity of antibiotics or low transformation efficiency. It is therefore also desirable to establish quick methods not relying on stable transgenics to analyze the localization, interactions and functions of proteins of interest. The introduction of foreign DNA into living cells via biolistic mechanisms has been first reported roughly 30 years ago and has been commonly exploited in established plant model species such as Arabidopsis thaliana or Nicotiana benthamiana. Here, we report the fast and reliable transient biolistic transformation of Marchantia thallus epidermal cells using fluorescent protein fusions. We present a catalog of fluorescent markers which can be readily used for tagging of a variety of subcellular compartments. Moreover, we report the functionality of the bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) in M. polymorpha with the example of the p-body markers MpDCP1/2. Finally, we provide standard staining procedures for live cell imaging in M. polymorpha, applicable to visualize cell boundaries or cellular structures, to complement or support protein localizations and to understand how results gained by transient transformations can be embedded in cell architecture and dynamics. Taken together, we offer a set of easy and quick tools for experiments that aim at understanding subcellular localization, protein-protein interactions and thus functions of proteins of interest in the emerging early diverging land plant model M. polymorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aurélien Boisson-Dernier
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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7
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Hashida Y, Takechi K, Abiru T, Yabe N, Nagase H, Hattori K, Takio S, Sato Y, Hasebe M, Tsukaya H, Takano H. Two ANGUSTIFOLIA genes regulate gametophore and sporophyte development in Physcomitrella patens. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:1318-1330. [PMID: 31674691 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana the ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN) gene regulates the width of leaves by controlling the diffuse growth of leaf cells in the medio-lateral direction. In the genome of the moss Physcomitrella patens, we found two normal ANs (PpAN1-1 and 1-2). Both PpAN1 genes complemented the A. thaliana an-1 mutant phenotypes. An analysis of spatiotemporal promoter activity of each PpAN1 gene, using transgenic lines that contained each PpAN1-promoter- uidA (GUS) gene, showed that both promoters are mainly active in the stems of haploid gametophores and in the middle to basal region of the young sporophyte that develops into the seta and foot. Analyses of the knockout lines for PpAN1-1 and PpAN1-2 genes suggested that these genes have partially redundant functions and regulate gametophore height by controlling diffuse cell growth in gametophore stems. In addition, the seta and foot were shorter and thicker in diploid sporophytes, suggesting that cell elongation was reduced in the longitudinal direction, whereas no defects were detected in tip-growing protonemata. These results indicate that both PpAN1 genes in P. patens function in diffuse growth of the haploid and diploid generations but not in tip growth. To visualize microtubule distribution in gametophore cells of P. patens, transformed lines expressing P. patens α-tubulin fused to sGFP were generated. Contrary to expectations, the orientation of microtubules in the tips of gametophores in the PpAN1-1/1-2 double-knockout lines was unchanged. The relationships among diffuse cell growth, cortical microtubules and AN proteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Hashida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Takechi
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Tomomi Abiru
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yabe
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagase
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Koro Hattori
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Susumu Takio
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
- Center for Water Cycle, Marine Environment and Disaster Management, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- National Institute for Basic Biology and SOKENDAI (Graduate School for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Takano
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
- Institute of Pulsed Power Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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Gunji S, Oda Y, Takigawa-Imamura H, Tsukaya H, Ferjani A. Excess Pyrophosphate Restrains Pavement Cell Morphogenesis and Alters Organ Flatness in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:31. [PMID: 32153602 PMCID: PMC7047283 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, the vacuolar proton-pumping pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase) is highly expressed in young tissues, which consume large amounts of energy in the form of nucleoside triphosphates and produce pyrophosphate (PPi) as a byproduct. We reported that excess PPi in the H+-PPase loss-of-function fugu5 mutant severely compromised gluconeogenesis from seed storage lipids, arrested cell division in cotyledonary palisade tissue, and triggered compensated cell enlargement; this phenotype was recovered upon sucrose supply. Thus, we provided evidence that the hydrolysis of inhibitory PPi, rather than vacuolar acidification, is the major contribution of H+-PPase during seedling establishment. Here, examination of the epidermis revealed that fugu5 pavement cells exhibited defective puzzle-cell formation. Importantly, removal of PPi from fugu5 background by the yeast cytosolic PPase IPP1, in fugu5-1 AVP1pro::IPP1 transgenic lines, restored the phenotypic aberrations of fugu5 pavement cells. Surprisingly, pavement cells in mutants with defects in gluconeogenesis (pck1-2) or the glyoxylate cycle (icl-2; mls-2) showed no phenotypic alteration, indicating that reduced sucrose production from seed storage lipids is not the cause of fugu5 epidermal phenotype. fugu5 had oblong cotyledons similar to those of angustifolia-1 (an-1), whose leaf pavement cells display an abnormal arrangement of cortical microtubules (MTs). To gain insight into the genetic interaction between ANGUSTIFOLIA and H+-PPase in pavement cell differentiation, an-1 fugu5-1 was analyzed. Surprisingly, epidermis developmental defects were synergistically enhanced in the double mutant. In fact, an-1 fugu5-1 pavement cells showed a striking three-dimensional growth phenotype on both abaxial and adaxial sides of cotyledons, which was recovered by hydrolysis of PPi in an-1 fugu5-1 AVP1pro::IPP1. Live imaging revealed that cortical MTs exhibited a reduced velocity, were slightly fragmented and sparse in the above lines compared to the WT. Consistently, addition of PPi in vitro led to a dose-dependent delay of tubulin polymerization, thus supporting a link between PPi and MT dynamics. Moreover, mathematical simulation of three-dimensional growth based on cotyledon proximo-distal and medio-lateral phenotypic quantification implicated restricted cotyledon expansion along the medio-lateral axis in the crinkled surface of an-1 fugu5-1. Together, our data suggest that PPi homeostasis is a prerequisite for proper pavement cell morphogenesis, epidermal growth and development, and organ flattening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Gunji
- United Graduate School of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Oda
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Japan
| | - Hisako Takigawa-Imamura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ali Ferjani
- United Graduate School of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Grones P, Raggi S, Robert S. FORCE-ing the shape. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 52:1-6. [PMID: 31234034 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall is a dynamic structure that mediates cell and organ morphogenesis and provides structural support to the whole plant body. The primary load bearing components of the cell wall are a cellulose-xyloglucan network embedded in a pectin matrix. Plant morphogenesis is regulated by a constant adjustment of the chemical structure and thus mechanical properties of the cell wall components. These modifications are modulated by a variety of different remodeling agents that precisely control cell wall mechanical properties. Here, we briefly review the major recent updates on cell wall mechanics during growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Grones
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sara Raggi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stéphanie Robert
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183 Umeå, Sweden.
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10
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Busch A, Deckena M, Almeida-Trapp M, Kopischke S, Kock C, Schüssler E, Tsiantis M, Mithöfer A, Zachgo S. MpTCP1 controls cell proliferation and redox processes in Marchantia polymorpha. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:1627-1641. [PMID: 31433873 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
TCP transcription factors are key regulators of angiosperm cell proliferation processes. It is unknown whether their regulatory growth capacities are conserved across land plants, which we examined in liverworts, one of the earliest diverging land plant lineages. We generated knockout mutants for MpTCP1, the single TCP-P clade gene in Marchantia polymorpha, and characterized its function by conducting cell proliferation and morphological analyses as well as messenger RNA expression, transcriptome, chemical, and DNA binding studies. Mptcp1ge lines show a reduced vegetative thallus growth and extra tissue formation in female reproductive structures. Additionally, mutant plants reveal increased hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) levels and an enhanced pigmentation in the thallus caused by formation of secondary metabolites, such as aminochromes. MpTCP1 proteins interact redox dependently with DNA and regulate the expression of a comprehensive redox network, comprising enzymes involved in H2 O2 metabolism. MpTCP1 regulates Marchantia growth in a context-dependent manner. Redox sensitivity of the DNA binding capacity of MpTCP1 proteins provides a mechanism to respond to altered redox conditions. Our data suggest that MpTCP1 activity could thereby have contributed to diversification of land plant morphologies and to adaptations to abiotic and biotic challenges, as experienced by liverworts during early land plant colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Busch
- Botany, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
| | - Marek Deckena
- Botany, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
| | | | | | - Cilian Kock
- Botany, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
| | | | - Miltos Tsiantis
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Sabine Zachgo
- Botany, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
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Furuya T, Kimori Y, Tsukaya H. A Method for Evaluating Three-Dimensional Morphological Features: A Case Study Using Marchantia polymorpha. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1214. [PMID: 31632430 PMCID: PMC6783815 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The description and evaluation of morphological features are essential to many biological studies. Bioimaging and quantification methods have been developed to analyze the morphological features of plants. However, efficient three-dimensional (3D) imaging and its quantification are still under development, particularly for studies of plant morphology, due to complex organ structure with great flexibility among individuals with the same genotype. In this study, we propose a new approach that combines a 3D imaging technique using micro-computed tomography and a mathematical image-processing method to describe 3D morphological features. As an example, we applied this method to Marchantia polymorpha, a new model plant used for the evolutional study of land plants, and we evaluated a mutant individual with an abnormal 3D shape. Using this new method, we quantitatively described the thallus morphology of M. polymorpha and distinguished the wild type from a mutant with different morphological features. Our newly established method can be applied to various tissues or bodies with irregular 3D morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Furuya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kimori
- Department of Imaging Science, Center for Novel Science Initiatives, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Management and Information Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- ExCELLS, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Dr. Hirokazu Tsukaya,
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