1
|
Deng RR, Yuan YP. Ropivacaine inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells via the SNX10/SRC/STAT3 pathway. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14405. [PMID: 37989501 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer currently has no effective treatment due to its high metastasis and heterogeneity. It has been reported that ropivacaine (Rop) can inhibit the growth, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer. However, the therapeutic mechanism of Rop still needs to be further explored to provide insights for its clinical application. This study aimed to explore the effects of Rop on the growth, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms. The expression levels of SNX10 were assessed in gastric cancer tissues and cell line AGS by qRT-PCR. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay, wound-healing assay, and transwell assay were then used to examine the effects of Rop on the AGS cell viability, migration, invasion, and proliferation, respectively. Additionally, colony formation assay was used to measure cell proliferation ability, and flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis level. Protein levels of SNX10, SRC, and STAT3 were detected by western blot. According to the experimental results, the decreased SNX10 mRNA expression was observed in gastric cancer tissue and cell line AGS. Rop inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of AGS cells, but promoted apoptosis and upregulated SNX10 expression. Moreover, Rop inhibited the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, phosphorylation of SRC and STAT3. SNX10 knockdown could reverse Rop-induced anticancer effects. Collectively, Rop showed a potential role in preventing proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer. The action mechanism of Rop may be related to the upregulation of SNX10 expression and further inhibition of SRC/STAT3 signaling pathway. Our findings provide new insights into the anticancer properties of Rop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rong Deng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - You-Ping Yuan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu S, Dong L, Shi W, Zheng Z, Liu Z, Meng L, Xin Y, Jiang X. Potential targets and treatments affect oxidative stress in gliomas: An overview of molecular mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:921070. [PMID: 35935861 PMCID: PMC9355528 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.921070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to the imbalance between oxidation and antioxidant activity in the body. Oxygen is reduced by electrons as part of normal metabolism leading to the formation of various reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are the main cause of oxidative stress and can be assessed through direct detection. Oxidative stress is a double-edged phenomenon in that it has protective mechanisms that help to destroy bacteria and pathogens, however, increased ROS accumulation can lead to host cell apoptosis and damage. Glioma is one of the most common malignant tumors of the central nervous system and is characterized by changes in the redox state. Therapeutic regimens still encounter multiple obstacles and challenges. Glioma occurrence is related to increased free radical levels and decreased antioxidant defense responses. Oxidative stress is particularly important in the pathogenesis of gliomas, indicating that antioxidant therapy may be a means of treating tumors. This review evaluates oxidative stress and its effects on gliomas, describes the potential targets and therapeutic drugs in detail, and clarifies the effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on oxidative stress. These data may provide a reference for the development of precise therapeutic regimes of gliomas based on oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihua Dong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiyan Shi
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zijing Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Xin, ; Xin Jiang,
| | - Xin Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Xin, ; Xin Jiang,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zou Y, Zhong C, Hu Z, Duan S. MiR-873-5p: A Potential Molecular Marker for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743701. [PMID: 34676171 PMCID: PMC8523946 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-873 is a microRNA located on chromosome 9p21.1. miR-873-5p and miR-873-3p are the two main members of the miR-873 family. Most studies focus on miR-873-5p, and there are a few studies on miR-873-3p. The expression level of miR-873-5p was down-regulated in 14 cancers and up-regulated in 4 cancers. miR-873-5p has many targeted genes, which have unique molecular functions such as catalytic activity, transcription regulation, and binding. miR-873-5p affects cancer development through the PIK3/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-Catenin, NF-κβ, and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. In addition, the target genes of miR-873-5p are closely related to the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, cell cycle, cell stemness, and glycolysis of cancer cells. The target genes of miR-873-5p are also related to the efficacy of several anti-cancer drugs. Currently, in cancer, the expression of miR-873-5p is regulated by a variety of epigenetic factors. This review summarizes the role and mechanism of miR-873-5p in human tumors shows the potential value of miR-873-5p as a molecular marker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China.,Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenming Zhong
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Zekai Hu
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China.,Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hydroxyethyl chitosan hydrogels for enhancing breast cancer cell tumorigenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:768-775. [PMID: 34174305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide hydrogels are promising candidate matrices for recapitulating the characteristics of extracellular matrix (ECM) in breast tumors in terms of their structure and composition. Herein, to obtain an ECM-mimetic matrix, hydroxyethyl chitosan (HECS) hydrogels were prepared through Schiff-base crosslinking reaction using dialdehyde hyaluronic acid as crosslinker. The obtained HECS hydrogels displayed a highly porous structure, a stiffness comparable to that of breast tissue, and a fast water-absorption speed. The amount of crosslinker had great effects on the swelling and rheological behaviors of the HECS hydrogels. Preliminary results from in vitro biological assessments confirmed that MCF-7 cells incubated within HECS hydrogels preferred to grow into three-dimensional spheroids. Importantly, the cells displayed enhanced migrative capability and upregulated expression levels of MMP-2, TGF-β and VEGF in comparison to two-dimension cultured cells. Hence, the HECS hydrogels show great promise as a biomimetic ECM in constructing breast tumor models.
Collapse
|
5
|
Pinheiro L, Perdomo-Pantoja A, Casaos J, Huq S, Paldor I, Vigilar V, Mangraviti A, Wang Y, Witham TF, Brem H, Tyler B. Captopril inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and extends survival as a temozolomide adjuvant in an intracranial gliosarcoma model. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 207:106771. [PMID: 34198223 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Captopril is a well-characterized, FDA-approved drug that has demonstrated promise as a repurposed oncology therapeutic. Captopril's known anti-cancer effects include inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), an endopeptidase which selectively breaks down the extracellular matrix to promote cell migration. MMP-2 is a known therapeutic target in gliomas, tumors with significant clinical need. Using an aggressive gliosarcoma model, we assessed captopril's effects on MMP-2 expression in vitro and in vivo as well as its efficacy as an adjuvant in combination therapy regimens in vivo. METHODS Following captopril treatment, MMP-2 protein expression and migratory capabilities of 9 L gliosarcoma cells were assessed in vitro via western blots and scratch wound assays, respectively. Rats were intracranially implanted with 9 L gliosarcoma tumors, and survival was assessed in the following groups: control; captopril (30 mg/kg/day); temozolomide (TMZ) (50 mg/kg/day), and captopril+TMZ. In vivo experiments were accompanied by immunohistochemistry for MMP-2 from brain tissue. RESULTS In vitro, captopril decreased MMP-2 protein expression and reduced migratory capacity in 9 L gliosarcoma cells. In a gliosarcoma animal model, captopril decreased MMP-2 protein expression and extended survival as a TMZ adjuvant relative to untreated controls, captopril monotherapy, and TMZ monotherapy groups (27.5 versus 14 (p < 0.001), 16 (p < 0.001), and 23 (p = 0.018) days, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Captopril decreases gliosarcoma cell migration, which may be mediated by reduction in MMP-2 protein expression. Captopril provided a survival advantage as a TMZ adjuvant in a rat intracranial gliosarcoma model. Captopril may represent a promising potential adjuvant to TMZ therapy in gliosarcoma as a modulator of the MMP-2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leon Pinheiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Joshua Casaos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sakibul Huq
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Iddo Paldor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Veronica Vigilar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Antonella Mangraviti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy F Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Betty Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Emerging Roles of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Associated Unfolded Protein Response in Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050631. [PMID: 31064137 PMCID: PMC6562633 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis is often altered in tumor cells due to intrinsic (oncogene expression, aneuploidy) and extrinsic (environmental) challenges. ER stress triggers the activation of an adaptive response named the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), leading to protein translation repression, and to the improvement of ER protein folding and clearance capacity. The UPR is emerging as a key player in malignant transformation and tumor growth, impacting on most hallmarks of cancer. As such, the UPR can influence cancer cells’ migration and invasion properties. In this review, we overview the involvement of the UPR in cancer progression. We discuss its cross-talks with the cell migration and invasion machinery. Specific aspects will be covered including extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, modification of cell adhesion, chemo-attraction, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), modulation of signaling pathways associated with cell mobility, and cytoskeleton remodeling. The therapeutic potential of targeting the UPR to treat cancer will also be considered with specific emphasis in the impact on metastasis and tissue invasion.
Collapse
|
7
|
Virga J, Szivos L, Hortobágyi T, Chalsaraei MK, Zahuczky G, Steiner L, Tóth J, Reményi-Puskár J, Bognár L, Klekner A. Extracellular matrix differences in glioblastoma patients with different prognoses. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:797-806. [PMID: 30655832 PMCID: PMC6313004 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant central nervous system tumor. Patient outcome remains poor despite the development of therapy and increased understanding of the disease in the past decades. Glioma cells invade the peritumoral brain, which results in inevitable tumor recurrence. Previous studies have demonstrated that the extracellular matrix (ECM) is altered in gliomas and serves a major role in glioma invasion. The present study focuses on differences in the ECM composition of tumors in patients with poor and improved prognosis. The mRNA and protein expression of 16 invasion-associated ECM molecules was determined using reverse trascription-quantitiative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Clinical factors of patients with different prognoses was also analyzed. It was determined that age and postoperative Karnofsky performance score were associated with patient survival. Furthermore, Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (FLT4/VEGFR3), murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) mRNA levels were significantly different between the two prognostic groups. Additionally, brevican, cluster of differentiation 44, hyaluronan mediated motility receptor, integrin-αV and -β1, and MDM2 protein expression were indicated to be significantly different in immunohistochemistry slides. Using the expression profile, including the invasion spectrum of the samples, it was possible to identify the prognostic group of the sample with high efficacy, particularly in cases with poor prognosis. In conclusion, it was determined that ECM components exhibit different expression levels in tumors with different prognoses and thus the invasion spectrum can be used as a prognostic factor in glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- József Virga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Szivos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- MTA-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mahan Kouhsari Chalsaraei
- MTA-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | - Judit Tóth
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Reményi-Puskár
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Bognár
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Almos Klekner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Molecular and Phenotypic Basis of the Glioma Invasive Perivascular Niche. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112342. [PMID: 29113105 PMCID: PMC5713311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are devastating brain cancers that have poor prognostic outcomes for their patients. Short overall patient survival is due to a lack of durable, efficacious treatment options. Such therapeutic difficulties exist, in part, due to several glioma survival adaptations and mechanisms, which allow glioma cells to repurpose paracrine signalling pathways and ion channels within discreet microenvironments. These Darwinian adaptations facilitate invasion into brain parenchyma and perivascular space or promote evasion from anti-cancer defence mechanisms. Ultimately, this culminates in glioma repopulation and migration at distances beyond the original tumour site, which is a considerable obstacle for effective treatment. After an era of failed phase II trials targeting individual signalling pathways, coupled to our increasing knowledge of glioma sub-clonal divergence, combinatorial therapeutic approaches which target multiple molecular pathways and mechanisms will be necessary for better treatment outcomes in treating malignant gliomas. Furthermore, next-generation therapy which focuses on infiltrative tumour phenotypes and disruption of the vascular and perivascular microenvironments harbouring residual disease cells offers optimism for the localised control of malignant gliomas.
Collapse
|
9
|
Qi XT, Zhan JS, Xiao LM, Li L, Xu HX, Fu ZB, Zhang YH, Zhang J, Jia XH, Ge G, Chai RC, Gao K, Yu ACH. The Unwanted Cell Migration in the Brain: Glioma Metastasis. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1847-1863. [PMID: 28478595 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is identified as a highly orchestrated process. It is a fundamental and essential phenomenon underlying tissue morphogenesis, wound healing, and immune response. Under dysregulation, it contributes to cancer metastasis. Brain is considered to be the most complex organ in human body containing many types of neural cells with astrocytes playing crucial roles in monitoring both physiological and pathological functions. Astrocytoma originates from astrocytes and its most malignant type is glioblastoma multiforme (WHO Grade IV astrocytoma), which is capable to infiltrate widely into the neighboring brain tissues making a complete resection of tumors impossible. Very recently, we have reviewed the mechanisms for astrocytes in migration. Given the fact that astrocytoma shares many histological features with astrocytes, we therefore attempt to review the mechanisms for glioma cells in migration and compare them to normal astrocytes, hoping to obtain a better insight into the dysregulation of migratory mechanisms contributing to their metastasis in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tao Qi
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiang Shan Zhan
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li Ming Xiao
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lina Li
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Hai Kang Life (Beijing) Corporation Ltd., Sino-I Campus No.1, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China.
- Hai Kang Life Corporation Ltd., Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Han Xiao Xu
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Zi Bing Fu
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yan Hao Zhang
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center and Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Xi Hua Jia
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Hai Kang Life (Beijing) Corporation Ltd., Sino-I Campus No.1, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China
- Hai Kang Life Corporation Ltd., Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guo Ge
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Rui Chao Chai
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Hai Kang Life (Beijing) Corporation Ltd., Sino-I Campus No.1, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China
- Hai Kang Life Corporation Ltd., Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Albert Cheung Hoi Yu
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Hai Kang Life (Beijing) Corporation Ltd., Sino-I Campus No.1, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China.
- Hai Kang Life Corporation Ltd., Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bee venom induces apoptosis and suppresses matrix metaloprotease-2 expression in human glioblastoma cells. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
11
|
Isaacson KJ, Martin Jensen M, Subrahmanyam NB, Ghandehari H. Matrix-metalloproteinases as targets for controlled delivery in cancer: An analysis of upregulation and expression. J Control Release 2017; 259:62-75. [PMID: 28153760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While commonly known for degradation of the extracellular matrix, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) exhibit broad potential for use in targeting of bioactive and imaging agents in cancer treatment. MMPs are upregulated at all stages of expression in cancers. A comprehensive analysis of published literature on expression of all MMP subtypes at the genetic, protein, and activity levels in normal and diseased tissues indicate targeting applicability in a variety of cancers. This expression significantly increases at advanced cancer stages, providing an improved opportunity for controlled release in higher-stage patients. Since MMPs are integral at every stage of metastasis, MMP roles in cancer are discussed with a focus on MMP distribution and mobility within cells and tumors for cancer targeting applications. Several strategies for MMP utilization in targeting - such as matrix degradation, MMP cleavage, MMP binding, and MMP-induced environmental changes - are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Isaacson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M Martin Jensen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nithya B Subrahmanyam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Y, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Yang Y, Bai M, Dai Y. Fucoxanthin Activates Apoptosis via Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway and Suppresses Invasion and Migration by Restriction of p38-MMP-2/9 Pathway in Human Glioblastoma Cells. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2728-2751. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
13
|
Price SJ, Young AMH, Scotton WJ, Ching J, Mohsen LA, Boonzaier NR, Lupson VC, Griffiths JR, McLean MA, Larkin TJ. Multimodal MRI can identify perfusion and metabolic changes in the invasive margin of glioblastomas. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 43:487-94. [PMID: 26140696 PMCID: PMC5008200 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To use perfusion and magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy to compare the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-defined invasive and noninvasive regions. Invasion of normal brain is a cardinal feature of glioblastomas (GBM) and a major cause of treatment failure. DTI can identify invasive regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS In all, 50 GBM patients were imaged preoperatively at 3T with anatomic sequences, DTI, dynamic susceptibility perfusion MR (DSCI), and multivoxel spectroscopy. The DTI and DSCI data were coregistered to the spectroscopy data and regions of interest (ROIs) were made in the invasive (determined by DTI), noninvasive regions, and normal brain. Values of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), myoinositol (mI), total choline (Cho), and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) normalized to creatine (Cr) and Cho/NAA were measured at each ROI. RESULTS Invasive regions showed significant increases in rCBV, suggesting angiogenesis (invasive rCBV 1.64 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.5-1.76] vs. noninvasive 1.14 [1.09-1.18]; P < 0.001), Cho/Cr (invasive 0.42 [0.38-0.46] vs. noninvasive 0.35 [0.31-0.38]; P = 0.02) and Cho/NAA (invasive 0.54 [0.41-0.68] vs. noninvasive 0.37 [0.29-0.45]; P = < 0.03), suggesting proliferation, and Glx/Cr (invasive 1.54 [1.27-1.82] vs. noninvasive 1.3 [1.13-1.47]; P = 0.028), suggesting glutamate release; and a significantly reduced NAA/Cr (invasive 0.95 [0.85-1.05] vs. noninvasive 1.19 [1.06-1.31]; P = 0.008). The mI/Cr was not different between the three ROIs (invasive 1.2 [0.99-1.41] vs. noninvasive 1.3 [1.14-1.46]; P = 0.68). In the noninvasive regions, the values were not different from normal brain. CONCLUSION Combining DTI to identify the invasive region with perfusion and spectroscopy, we can identify changes in invasive regions not seen in noninvasive regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Price
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam M H Young
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - William J Scotton
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jared Ching
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laila A Mohsen
- University Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Natalie R Boonzaier
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Victoria C Lupson
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R Griffiths
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mary A McLean
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy J Larkin
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality, and accounts for about 90% of cancer deaths. Although cancer survival rate has been significantly improved over the years, the improvement is primarily due to early diagnosis and cancer growth inhibition. Limited progress has been made in the treatment of cancer metastasis due to various factors. Current treatments for cancer metastasis are mainly chemotherapy and radiotherapy, though the new generation anti-cancer drugs (predominantly neutralizing antibodies for growth factors and small molecule kinase inhibitors) do have the effects on cancer metastasis in addition to their effects on cancer growth. Cancer metastasis begins with detachment of metastatic cells from the primary tumor, travel of the cells to different sites through blood/lymphatic vessels, settlement and growth of the cells at a distal site. During the process, metastatic cells go through detachment, migration, invasion and adhesion. These four essential, metastatic steps are inter-related and affected by multi-biochemical events and parameters. Additionally, it is known that tumor microenvironment (such as extracellular matrix structure, growth factors, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases) plays a significant role in cancer metastasis. The biochemical events and parameters involved in the metastatic process and tumor microenvironment have been targeted or can be potential targets for metastasis prevention and inhibition. This review provides an overview of these metastasis essential steps, related biochemical factors, and targets for intervention.
Collapse
Key Words
- Adhesion
- BM, basement membrane
- CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts
- CAMs, cell adhesion molecules
- CAT, collective amoeboid transition
- CCL2, chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2
- CCR3, chemokine receptor 3
- COX2, cyclooxygenase 2
- CSF-1, chemokine colonystimulating factor–1
- CTGF, connective tissue growth factor
- CXCR2, chemokine receptor type 2
- Cancer
- Col, collagen
- DISC, death-inducing signaling complex
- Detachment
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- EGFR, EGF receptor
- EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- FAK, focal adhesion kinase
- FAs, focal adhesions
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FN, fibronectin
- HA, hyaluronan
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- HIFs, hypoxia-inducible factors
- IKK, IκB kinase
- Invasion
- JAK, the Janus kinases
- LN, laminin
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MAT, mesenchymal to amoeboid transition
- MET, mesenchymal–epithelial transition
- MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases
- Metastasis
- Migration
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- STATs, signal transducers and activators of transcription
- TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TME, tumor microenvironment
- VCAMs, vascular cell adhesion molecules
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VN, vitronectin
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu J, Xu W, Zhu J. Propofol suppresses proliferation and invasion of glioma cells by upregulating microRNA-218 expression. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4815-20. [PMID: 26133092 PMCID: PMC4581763 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is a commonly used intravenous anesthetic agent. The present study aimed to assess the effect of propofol on the proliferation and invasion of human glioma cells, and to determine the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. The effects of propofol on U373 glioblastoma cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion were detected by an MTT assay, caspase‑3 activity measurement and a Matrigel™ invasion assay, respectively. MicroRNA (miR)‑218 expression and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑2 protein expression levels were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. In addition, miR‑218 precursor was transfected into the cells to assess whether overexpression of miR‑218 could affect MMP‑2 expression. Anti‑miR‑218 was transfected into the cells to evaluate the role of miR‑218 in the effects of propofol on the biological behavior of glioma cells. The results of the present study demonstrated that propofol significantly increased the expression levels of miR‑218, inhibited U373 cell proliferation and invasion, and facilitated apoptosis. In addition, treatment with propofol efficiently reduced MMP‑2 protein expression levels, and overexpression of miR‑218 also decreased MMP‑2 protein expression levels. Whereas, neutralization of miR‑218 using the anti‑miR-218 antibody reversed the effects of propofol on the biological behavior of U373 cells, and on the inhibition of MMP-2 protein expression. In conclusion, propofol may effectively suppress proliferation and invasion, and induce the apoptosis of glioma cells, at least partially through upregulation of miR-218 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Weiyun Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqun Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Paul-Samojedny M, Pudełko A, Suchanek-Raif R, Kowalczyk M, Fila-Daniłow A, Borkowska P, Kowalski J. Knockdown of the AKT3 (PKBγ), PI3KCA, and VEGFR2 genes by RNA interference suppresses glioblastoma multiforme T98G cells invasiveness in vitro. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:3263-77. [PMID: 25501707 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain malignancy, having a very poor prognosis and is characterized by extensive brain invasion as well as resistance to the therapy. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/PTEN signaling pathway is deregulated in GBM. Besides, florid vascularization and aberrantly elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) occur very often. The present study was designed to examine the inhibitory effect of AKT3, PI3KCA, and VEGFR2 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) on GBM cell invasiveness. T98G cells were transfected with AKT3, PI3KCA, and/or VEGFR2 siRNAs. VEGFR2 protein-positive cells were identified by flow cytometry using specific monoclonal anti-VEGFR2 antibodies. Alterations in messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of VEGF, VEGFR2, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, MMP-14), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) (TIMP-1, TIMP-3), c-Fos, c-Jun, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), ObRa, and cathepsin D genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Cells treated with specific siRNA were also analyzed for invasion using the Matrigel invasion assay. We have found significantly lower mRNA levels of MMPs, cathepsin D, VEGF, VEGFR2, HIF-1α, and c-Fos/c-Jun ratio, as well as significantly higher mRNA level of TIMPs in AKT3 and PI3KCA siRNA transfected cells compared to untransfected cells, while significantly lower mRNA levels of MMPs (MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-14) and TIMP-1, as well as significantly higher mRNA level of TIMP-3, were shown only in cells transfected with VEGFR2 siRNA. The positive correlation between MMP-13 and ObRa mRNA copy number has been found. Summarizing, transfection of T98G cells with AKT3, PI3KCA, or VEGFR2 siRNAs leads to a significant reduction in cell invasiveness. The siRNA-induced AKT3, PI3KCA, and VEGFR2 mRNA knockdown may offer a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce the invasiveness of GBM cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Paul-Samojedny
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jednosci 8 Street, 41-200, Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alizadeh AM, Shiri S, Farsinejad S. Metastasis review: from bench to bedside. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8483-523. [PMID: 25104089 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the final result of uninhibited cell growth that involves an enormous group of associated diseases. One major aspect of cancer is when cells attack adjacent components of the body and spread to other organs, named metastasis, which is the major cause of cancer-related mortality. In developing this process, metastatic cells must successfully negotiate a series of complex steps, including dissociation, invasion, intravasation, extravasation, and dormancy regulated by various signaling pathways. In this review, we will focus on the recent studies and collect a comprehensive encyclopedia in molecular basis of metastasis, and then we will discuss some new potential therapeutics which target the metastasis pathways. Understanding the new aspects on molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways controlling tumor cell metastasis is critical for the development of therapeutic strategies for cancer patients that would be valuable for researchers in both fields of molecular and clinical oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammad Alizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ulasov I, Yi R, Guo D, Sarvaiya P, Cobbs C. The emerging role of MMP14 in brain tumorigenesis and future therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:113-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
19
|
Zhu J, Wang H, Fan Y, Lin Y, Zhang L, Ji X, Zhou M. Targeting the NF-E2-related factor 2 pathway: a novel strategy for glioblastoma (review). Oncol Rep 2014; 32:443-50. [PMID: 24926991 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant subtype among all brain tumors. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an essential component of cellular defense against a variety of endogenous and exogenous stresses. A marked increase in research over the past few decades focusing on Nrf2 and its role in regulating glioblastoma has revealed the potential value of Nrf2 in the treatment of glioblastoma. In the present review, we discuss a novel framework of Nrf2 in the regulation of glioblastoma and the mechanisms regarding the downregulation of Nrf2 in treating glioblastoma. The candidate mechanisms include direct and indirect means. Direct mechanisms target tumor molecular pathways in order to overcome resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, to inhibit proliferation, to block invasion and migration, to induce apoptosis, to promote differentiation, to enhance autophagy and to target glioblastoma stem cells. Indirect mechanisms target the reaction between glioblastoma cells and the surrounding microenvironment. Overall, the value of the Nrf2 pathway in glioblastoma provides a promising opportunity for new approaches by which to treat glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Youwu Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yixing Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjun Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Mengliang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Han T, Kang D, Ji D, Wang X, Zhan W, Fu M, Xin HB, Wang JB. How does cancer cell metabolism affect tumor migration and invasion? Cell Adh Migr 2013; 7:395-403. [PMID: 24131935 DOI: 10.4161/cam.26345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer-associated death. Accordingly, identification of the regulatory mechanisms that control whether or not tumor cells become "directed walkers" is a crucial issue of cancer research. The deregulation of cell migration during cancer progression determines the capacity of tumor cells to escape from the primary tumors and invade adjacent tissues to finally form metastases. The ability to switch from a predominantly oxidative metabolism to glycolysis and the production of lactate even when oxygen is plentiful is a key characteristic of cancer cells. This metabolic switch, known as the Warburg effect, was first described in 1920s, and affected not only tumor cell growth but also tumor cell migration. In this review, we will focus on the recent studies on how cancer cell metabolism affects tumor cell migration and invasion. Understanding the new aspects on molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways controlling tumor cell migration is critical for development of therapeutic strategies for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Han
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| | - De Kang
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Daokun Ji
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Weihua Zhan
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Minggui Fu
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Jian-Bin Wang
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Coniglio SJ, Segall JE. Review: Molecular mechanism of microglia stimulated glioblastoma invasion. Matrix Biol 2013; 32:372-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
22
|
Porous chitosan-hyaluronic acid scaffolds as a mimic of glioblastoma microenvironment ECM. Biomaterials 2013; 34:10143-50. [PMID: 24075410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapeutics are developed through extensive screening; however, many therapeutics evaluated with 2D in vitro cultures during pre-clinical trials suffer from lower efficacy in patients. Replicating the in vivo tumor microenvironment in vitro with three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds offers the possibility of generating more predictive pre-clinical models to enhance cancer treatment efficacy. We developed a chitosan and hyaluronic acid (HA) polyelectrolyte complex 3D porous scaffold and evaluated its physical properties. Chitosan-HA (C-HA) scaffolds had a highly porous network. C-HA scaffolds were compared to 2D surfaces for in vitro culture of U-118 MG human glioblastoma (GBM) cells. C-HA scaffold cultures promoted tumor spheroid formation and increased stem-like properties of GBM cells as evidenced by the upregulation of CD44, Nestin, Musashi-1, GFAP, and HIF-1α as compared with 2D cultures. Additionally, the invasiveness of GBM cells cultured in C-HA scaffolds was significantly enhanced compared to those grown in 2D cultures. C-HA scaffold cultures were also more resistant to chemotherapy drugs, which corresponded to the increased expression of ABCG2 drug efflux transporter. These findings suggest that C-HA scaffolds offer promise as an in vitro GBM platform for study and screening of novel cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee KH, Lee KH, Lee J, Choi H, Lee D, Park Y, Lee SH. Integration of microfluidic chip with biomimetic hydrogel for 3D controlling and monitoring of cell alignment and migration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:1164-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Ho Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Ki Hwa Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Science of Brain Korea 21, College of Medicine; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Korea University of Technology and Education; Cheonan Korea
| | - Hyuk Choi
- Department of Medical Sciences; Graduate School of Medicine; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - Donghee Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Kookmin University; Seoul Korea
| | - Yongdoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Science of Brain Korea 21, College of Medicine; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science; Korea University; Seoul Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging of Sciences & Technologies; Korea University; Seoul 136-713 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Membrane localization of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase by CD44 regulates the activation of pro-matrix metalloproteinase 9 in osteoclasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:302392. [PMID: 23984338 PMCID: PMC3745902 DOI: 10.1155/2013/302392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
CD44, MT1-MMP, and MMP9 are implicated in the migration of osteoclast and bone resorption. This study was designed to determine the functional relationship between CD44 and MT1-MMP in the activation of pro-MMP9. We used osteoclasts isolated from wild-type and CD44-null mice. Results showed that MT1-MMP is present in multiple forms with a molecular mass ~63, 55, and 45 kDa in the membrane of wild-type osteoclasts. CD44-null osteoclasts demonstrated a 55 kDa active MT1-MMP form in the membrane and conditioned medium. It failed to activate pro-MMP9 because TIMP2 binds and inhibits this MT1-MMP (~55 kDa) in CD44-null osteoclasts. The role of MT1-MMP in the activation of pro-MMP9, CD44 expression, and migration was confirmed by knockdown of MT1-MMP in wild-type osteoclasts. Although knockdown of MMP9 suppressed osteoclast migration, it had no effects on MT1-MMP activity or CD44 expression. These results suggest that CD44 and MT1-MMP are directly or indirectly involved in the regulation of pro-MMP9 activation. Surface expression of CD44, membrane localization of MT1-MMP, and activation of pro-MMP9 are the necessary sequence of events in osteoclast migration.
Collapse
|
25
|
Vehlow A, Cordes N. Invasion as target for therapy of glioblastoma multiforme. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:236-44. [PMID: 23891970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The survival of cancer patients suffering from glioblastoma multiforme is limited to just a few months even after treatment with the most advanced techniques. The indefinable borders of glioblastoma cell infiltration into the surrounding healthy tissue prevent complete surgical removal. In addition, genetic mutations, epigenetic modifications and microenvironmental heterogeneity cause resistance to radio- and chemotherapy altogether resulting in a hardly to overcome therapeutic scenario. Therefore, the development of efficient therapeutic strategies to combat these tumors requires a better knowledge of genetic and proteomic alterations as well as the infiltrative behavior of glioblastoma cells and how this can be targeted. Among many cell surface receptors, members of the integrin family are known to regulate glioblastoma cell invasion in concert with extracellular matrix degrading proteases. While preclinical and early clinical trials suggested specific integrin targeting as a promising therapeutic approach, clinical trials failed to deliver improved cure rates up to now. Little is known about glioblastoma cell motility, but switches in invasion modes and adaption to specific microenvironmental cues as a consequence of treatment may maintain tumor cell resistance to therapy. Thus, understanding the molecular basis of integrin and protease function for glioblastoma cell invasion in the context of radiochemotherapy is a pressing issue and may be beneficial for the design of efficient therapeutic approaches. This review article summarizes the latest findings on integrins and extracellular matrix in glioblastoma and adds some perspective thoughts on how this knowledge might be exploited for optimized multimodal therapy approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vehlow
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Piastowska-Ciesielska AW, Domińska K, Nowakowska M, Gajewska M, Gajos-Michniewicz A, Ochędalski T. Angiotensin modulates human mammary epithelial cell motility. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2013; 15:419-29. [PMID: 23390187 DOI: 10.1177/1470320313475904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angiotensin II is an effector peptide showing multiple physiological effects, such as regulation of vascular tone, tissue growth and remodelling. Postlactational involution of mammary gland involves changes such as high matrix metalloproteinase activity and release of bioactive fragments of fibronectin and laminin, which may be directly regulated by angiotensin II. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of angiotensin II on proliferation, viability and motility of normal human mammary epithelial cells (184A1 cell line) and to determine the role of angiotensin II receptors in these processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Real-time reverse transcription-PCR, western blot and gelatin zymography were used to study the effect of angiotensin II on the expression of angiotensin receptors and matrix metalloproteinases in 184A1 cells. WST-1, AlamarBlue and BrdU assays were used as indicators of cell viability and proliferation after angiotensin II stimulation. Boyden chamber assays and monolayer wound migration assay were used to evaluate in vitro the changes in cell adhesion, migration and invasion. RESULTS Angiotensin II increased motility of the 184A1 cells and the ability of wound closure. Modifications in cell-substrate adhesion systems and increased secretion and activity of matrix metalloproteinases were also observed. The effect of angiotensin II was abolished by blocking angiotensin type 1 receptor with specific inhibitors candesartan and losartan. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that angiotensin II modulates cell behaviour via AT1-R and stimulates secretion of MMP-2 by human mammary epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamila Domińska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Nowakowska
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gajewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Poland
| | - Anna Gajos-Michniewicz
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ochędalski
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shiryaev SA, Chernov AV, Golubkov VS, Thomsen ER, Chudin E, Chee MS, Kozlov IA, Strongin AY, Cieplak P. High-resolution analysis and functional mapping of cleavage sites and substrate proteins of furin in the human proteome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54290. [PMID: 23335997 PMCID: PMC3545927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a growing appreciation of the role of proteolytic processes in human health and disease, but tools for analysis of such processes on a proteome-wide scale are limited. Furin is a ubiquitous proprotein convertase that cleaves after basic residues and transforms secretory proproteins into biologically active proteins. Despite this important role, many furin substrates remain unknown in the human proteome. Methodology/Principal Findings We devised an approach for proteinase target identification that combines an in silico discovery pipeline with highly multiplexed proteinase activity assays. We performed in silico analysis of the human proteome and identified over 1,050 secretory proteins as potential furin substrates. We then used a multiplexed protease assay to validate these tentative targets. The assay was carried out on over 3,260 overlapping peptides designed to represent P7-P1’ and P4-P4’ positions of furin cleavage sites in the candidate proteins. The obtained results greatly increased our knowledge of the unique cleavage preferences of furin, revealed the importance of both short-range (P4-P1) and long-range (P7-P6) interactions in defining furin cleavage specificity, demonstrated that the R-X-R/K/X-R↓ motif alone is insufficient for predicting furin proteolysis of the substrate, and identified ∼490 potential protein substrates of furin in the human proteome. Conclusions/Significance The assignment of these substrates to cellular pathways suggests an important role of furin in development, including axonal guidance, cardiogenesis, and maintenance of stem cell pluripotency. The novel approach proposed in this study can be readily applied to other proteinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Shiryaev
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Andrei V. Chernov
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Vladislav S. Golubkov
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Elliot R. Thomsen
- Prognosys Biosciences Inc., La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Eugene Chudin
- Prognosys Biosciences Inc., La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Chee
- Prognosys Biosciences Inc., La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Igor A. Kozlov
- Prognosys Biosciences Inc., La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alex Y. Strongin
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PC); (AYS)
| | - Piotr Cieplak
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PC); (AYS)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
AbstractDiffuse human gliomas constitute a group of most treatment-refractory tumors even if maximum treatment strategies including neurosurgical resection followed by combined radio-/chemotherapy are applied. In contrast to most other neoplasms, diffusely infiltrating gliomas invade the brain along pre-existing structures such as axonal tracts and perivascular spaces. Even in cases of early diagnosis single or small clusters of glioma cells are already encountered far away from the main tumor bulk. Complex interactions between glioma cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix and considerable changes in the cytoskeletal apparatus are prerequisites for the cellular movement of glioma cells through the brain thereby escaping from most current treatments. This review provides an overview about classical and current concepts of glioma cell migration/invasion and promising preclinical treatment approaches.
Collapse
|
30
|
Fermented mistletoe extract as a multimodal antitumoral agent in gliomas. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:501796. [PMID: 23133496 PMCID: PMC3485514 DOI: 10.1155/2012/501796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In Europe, commercially available extracts from the white-berry mistletoe (Viscum album L.) are widely used as a complementary cancer therapy. Mistletoe lectins have been identified as main active components and exhibit cytotoxic effects as well as immunomodulatory activity. Since it is still not elucidated in detail how mistle toe extracts such as ISCADOR communicate their effects, we analyzed the mechanisms that might be responsible for their antitumoral function on a molecular and functional level. ISCADOR-treated glioblastoma (GBM) cells down-regulate central genes involved in glioblastoma progression and malignancy such as the cytokine TGF-β and matrix-metalloproteinases. Using in vitro glioblastoma/immune cell co-cultivation assays as well as measurement of cell migration and invasion, we could demonstrate that in glioblastoma cells, lectin-rich ISCADOR M and ISCADOR Q significantly enforce NK-cell-mediated GBM cell lysis. Beside its immune stimulatory effect, ISCADOR reduces the migratory and invasive potential of glioblastoma cells. In a syngeneic as well as in a xenograft glioblastoma mouse model, both pretreatment of tumor cells and intratumoral therapy of subcutaneously growing glioblastoma cells with ISCADOR Q showed delayed tumor growth. In conclusion, ISCADOR Q, showing multiple positive effects in the treatment of glioblastoma, may be a candidate for concomitant treatment of this cancer.
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor and is characterized by high invasiveness, poor prognosis, and limited therapeutic options. Biochemical and morphological experiments have shown the presence of caveolae in glioblastoma cells. Caveolae are flask-shaped plasma membrane subdomains that play trafficking, mechanosensing, and signaling roles. Caveolin-1 is a membrane protein that participates in the formation of caveolae and binds a multitude of signaling proteins, compartmentalizing them in caveolae and often directly regulating their activity via binding to its scaffolding domain. Caveolin-1 has been proposed to behave either as a tumor suppressor or as an ongogene depending on the tumor type and progress. This review discusses the existing information on the expression and function of caveolin-1 and caveolae in GBM and the role of this organelle and its defining protein on cellular signaling, growth, and invasiveness of GBM. We further analyze the available data suggesting caveolin-1 could be a target in GBM therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Odile Parat
- University of Queensland School of Pharmacy, PACE, 20 Cornwall St., Woollloongabba QLD 4102, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mentlein R, Hattermann K, Held-Feindt J. Lost in disruption: Role of proteases in glioma invasion and progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1825:178-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
33
|
Allmendinger O, Trautmann K, Mittelbronn M, Waidelich J, Meyermann R, Tatagiba M, Schittenhelm J. Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule is expressed in neuroepithelial neoplasms and decreases with tumor malignancy, matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression, and absence of IDH1R132H mutation. Hum Pathol 2012; 43:1289-99. [PMID: 22304788 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse growth of gliomas is based on enhanced cell migration and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases in gliomas is associated with a poor prognosis. The activated leukocyte adhesion molecule is considered to be indispensable for conversion of matrix metalloproteinase 2 into its active form. We therefore investigated the expression of activated leukocyte adhesion molecule in 9 malignant glial cell lines, 105 normal/reactive human brain specimens, 248 astrocytomas/glioblastomas, 98 ependymomas, 35 oligodendrogliomas, 10 neurocytomas, 10 primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET), and 36 medulloblastomas by immunohistochemistry and in selected cases by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Correlation between activated leukocyte adhesion molecule expression and tumor grades and entities, proliferation activity, matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression, prognostic isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1 mutation (R132H) status, O-6-methylguanine DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter status, or association with patient survival were analyzed. All oligodendrogliomas were strongly activated leukocyte adhesion molecule positive. Numbers of activated leukocyte adhesion molecule positive tumors were higher in glioblastomas (93%) than in diffuse astrocytomas (83%), but mean expression intensity was significantly reduced. Anaplastic ependymomas (68%) exhibited reduced numbers of activated leukocyte adhesion molecule-positive tumors and staining intensity compared with lower-grade ependymomas (85%). Activated leukocyte adhesion molecule expression in gliomas was independent of proliferative activity, MGMT status, patient survival, and age, whereas gliomas with IDH1 (R132H) mutation had significantly higher activated leukocyte adhesion molecule levels than their wild-type counterparts. Matrix metalloproteinase 2-negative glioblastomas exhibited significantly reduced activated leukocyte adhesion molecule expression levels compared with astrocytomas. In summary, our findings indicate that activated leukocyte adhesion molecule expression levels in gliomas are probably linked to other mechanisms than its supposed role as regulator of matrix metalloproteinase 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Allmendinger
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang D, Tian A, Xue X, Wang M, Qiu B, Wu A. The effect of temozolomide/poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)/nano-hydroxyapatite microspheres on glioma U87 cells behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:1109-1125. [PMID: 22312307 PMCID: PMC3269741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13011109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of temozolomide (TMZ)/Poly (lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA)/nano-hydroxyapatite microspheres on the behavior of U87 glioma cells. The microspheres were fabricated by the “Solid/Water/Oil” method, and they were characterized by using X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of glioma cells were evaluated by MTT, flow cytometry assay and Transwell assay. The presence of the key invasive gene, αVβ3 integrin, was detected by the RT-PCR and Western blot method. It was found that the temozolomide/PLGA/nano-hydroxyapatite microspheres have a significantly diminished initial burst of drug release, compared to the TMZ laden PLGA microspheres. Our results suggest they can significantly inhibit the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells, and induce their apoptosis. Additionally, αVβ3 integrin was also reduced by the microspheres. These data suggest that by inhibiting the biological behavior of glioma cells in vitro, the newly designed temozolomide/PLGA/nano-hydroxyapatite microspheres, as controlled drug release carriers, have promising potential in treating glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyong Zhang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (D.Z.); (B.Q.)
| | - Ang Tian
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, No.11, Lane 3, WenHua Road, HePing District, Shenyang 110819, China; E-Mails: (A.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Xiangxin Xue
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, No.11, Lane 3, WenHua Road, HePing District, Shenyang 110819, China; E-Mails: (A.T.); (M.W.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (X.X.); (A.W.); Tel.: +86-0-24-83687371 (X.X.); +86-0-24-23517484 (A.W.); Fax: +86-0-24-23906316 (X.X.); +86-0-24-83283301 (A.W.)
| | - Mei Wang
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, No.11, Lane 3, WenHua Road, HePing District, Shenyang 110819, China; E-Mails: (A.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Bo Qiu
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (D.Z.); (B.Q.)
| | - Anhua Wu
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (D.Z.); (B.Q.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (X.X.); (A.W.); Tel.: +86-0-24-83687371 (X.X.); +86-0-24-23517484 (A.W.); Fax: +86-0-24-23906316 (X.X.); +86-0-24-83283301 (A.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Alterations in Cell-Extracellular Matrix Interactions during Progression of Cancers. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:219196. [PMID: 22262973 PMCID: PMC3259478 DOI: 10.1155/2012/219196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is a multistep process during which normal cells exhibit molecular changes that culminate into the highly malignant and metastatic phenotype, observed in cancerous tissues. The initiation of cell transformation is generally associated with genetic alterations in normal cells that lead to the loss of intercellular- and/or extracellular-matrix- (ECM-) mediated cell adhesion. Transformed cells undergo rapid multiplication and generate more modifications in adhesion and motility-related molecules which allow them to escape from the original site and acquire invasive characteristics. Integrins, which are multifunctional adhesion receptors, and are present, on normal as well as transformed cells, assist the cells undergoing tumor progression in creating the appropriate environment for their survival, growth, and invasion. In this paper, we have briefly discussed the role of ECM proteins and integrins during cancer progression and described some unique conditions where adhesion-related changes could induce genetic mutations in anchorage-independent tumor model systems.
Collapse
|
36
|
Targeting of colorectal cancer growth, metastasis, and anti-apoptosis in BALB/c nude mice via APRIL siRNA. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 363:1-10. [PMID: 22170570 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) is overexpressed in most tumor cells and tissues, especially in tumors of the alimentary system, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), gastric cancer, and liver cancer. RNA interference (RNAi) has been proved to be a powerful tool for gene knockdown and holds great promise for the treatment of cancer. In this study, the efficacy of RNAi targeting APRIL was analyzed via relevant experiments on human CRC xenografted in BALB/c nude mice. Both the mRNA and protein levels of APRIL were examined after intratumoral injection of APRIL small interfering RNA (siRNA). Meanwhile, pathological tools were utilized to observe the alterations on the aspects of proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis and cellular necrosis by means of detecting proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki-67, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-3, TIMP-4, Bcl-2, Bax and Bcl-xL of CRC. In addition, terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) and hematoxylin and eosin staining were also conducted to examine cell apoptosis and necrosis. It was found that grafted human colorectal tumor growth and metastasis were obviously inhibited while tumor cell apoptosis and necrosis were induced after in vivo APRIL siRNA injection into nude mice. The data indicated that silencing of the APRIL gene using RNAi may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of CRC.
Collapse
|
37
|
Alves TR, Lima FRS, Kahn SA, Lobo D, Dubois LGF, Soletti R, Borges H, Neto VM. Glioblastoma cells: A heterogeneous and fatal tumor interacting with the parenchyma. Life Sci 2011; 89:532-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
38
|
Semaphorin 5A and plexin-B3 regulate human glioma cell motility and morphology through Rac1 and the actin cytoskeleton. Oncogene 2011; 31:595-610. [PMID: 21706053 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Semaphorins are implicated in glioma progression, although little is known about the underlying mechanisms. We have reported plexin-B3 expression in human gliomas, which upon stimulation by Sema5A causes significant inhibition of cell migration and invasion. The concomitant inactivation of Rac1 is of mechanistic importance because forced expression of constitutively active Rac1 abolishes these inhibitory effects. Furthermore, Sema5A induces prominent cell collapse and ramification of processes reminiscent of astrocytic morphology, which temporally associate with extensive disassembly of actin stress fibers and disruption of focal adhesions, followed by accumulation of actin patches in protrusions. Mechanistically, Sema5A induces transient protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation of fascin-1, which can reduce its actin-binding/bundling activities and temporally parallels its translocation from cell body to extending processes. PKC inhibition or fascin-1 knockdown is sufficient to abrogate Sema5A-induced morphological differentiation, whereas the process is hastened by forced expression of fascin-1. Intriguingly, Sema5A induces re-expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which when silenced restricts differentiation of glioma cells to bipolar instead of multipolar morphology. Therefore, we hypothesize complementary functions of fascin-1 and GFAP in the early and late phases of Sema5A-induced astrocytic differentiation of gliomas, respectively. In summary, Sema5A and plexin-B3 impede motility but promote differentiation of human gliomas. These effects are plausibly compromised in high-grade human astrocytomas in which Sema5A expression is markedly reduced, hence leading to infiltrative and anaplastic characteristics. This is evident by increased invasiveness of glioma cells when endogenous Sema5A is silenced. Therefore, Sema5A and plexin-B3 represent potential novel targets in counteracting glioma progression.
Collapse
|
39
|
Brell M, Ibáñez J, Felpete A, Burguera B, Frontera M, Couce ME. Quantitative analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA expression in central and peripheral regions of gliomas. Brain Tumor Pathol 2011; 28:137-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10014-011-0021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
40
|
Zhang DF, Li XG, Su LJ, Meng QL. Expression of activin A and follistatin in glioblastoma and their effects on U87 in vitro. J Int Med Res 2010; 38:1343-53. [PMID: 20926007 DOI: 10.1177/147323001003800416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In some cancer cell lines, the gene encoding activin A (inhibin βA [INHBA]) is over-expressed and enhances cancer proliferation. Protein levels of activin A and follistatin were assessed in glioblastoma and normal brain tissues in this study, and the effect of activin A and follistatin treatment on the proliferation of U87 human glioblastoma cells in vitro was also studied. High levels of activin A were observed in glioblastomas compared with normal brain tissue. In contrast, follistatin levels were similar between the two tissues. [(3)H]Thymidine assay showed that activin A (3 - 30 ng/ml) produced a dose-dependent increase in DNA synthesis of U87 cells compared with controls. Flow cytometric analyses showed that activin A increased the proliferative index of U87 cells compared with controls. Activin A also induced up-regulation of p-SMAD2/3 in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of U87 cells with follistatin blocked these activin A-induced effects. The disequilibrium between activin A and follistatin may play a role in the development of glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D F Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nakabayashi H, Yawata T, Shimizu K. Anti-invasive and antiangiogenic effects of MMI-166 on malignant glioma cells. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:339. [PMID: 20587068 PMCID: PMC2909207 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The constitutive overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is frequently observed in malignant tumours. In particular, MMP-2 and MMP-9 have been reported to be closely associated with invasion and angiogenesis in malignant gliomas. Our study aimed to evaluate the antitumour effects of MMI-166 (Nalpha-[4-(2-Phenyl-2H- tetrazole-5-yl) phenyl sulfonyl]-D-tryptophan), a third generation MMP inhibitor, on three human glioma cell lines (T98G, U87MG, and ONS12) in vitro and in vivo. Methods The effects of MMI-166 on the gelatinolytic activity was analysed by gelatine zymography. The anti-invasive effect of MMI-166 was analysed by an in vitro invasion assay. An in vitro angiogenesis assay was also performed. In vitro growth inhibition of glioma cells by MMI-166 was determined by the MTT assay. The effect of MMI-166 on an orthotropic implantation model using athymic mice was also evaluated. Results Gelatine zymography revealed that MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were suppressed by MMI-166. The invasion of glioma cells was suppressed by MMI-166. The angiogenesis assay showed that MMI-166 had a suppressive effect on glioma cell-induced angiogenesis. However, MMI-166 did not suppress glioma cell proliferation in the MTT assay. In vivo, MMI-166 suppressed tumour growth in athymic mice implanted orthotropically with T98G cells and showed an inhibitory effect on tumour-induced angiogenesis and tumour growth. This is the first report of the effect of a third generation MMP inhibitor on malignant glioma cells. Conclusions These results suggest that MMI-166 may have potentially suppressive effects on the invasion and angiogenesis of malignant gliomas.
Collapse
|
42
|
Fan S, Sun Z, Jiang D, Dai C, Ma Y, Zhao Z, Liu H, Wu Y, Cao Z, Li W. BmKCT toxin inhibits glioma proliferation and tumor metastasis. Cancer Lett 2010; 291:158-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
43
|
Anticancer activity of PEGylated matrix metalloproteinase cleavable peptide-conjugated adriamycin against malignant glioma cells. Int J Pharm 2010; 387:209-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
44
|
Vartak DG, Lee BS, Gemeinhart RA. In vitro evaluation of functional interaction of integrin alphavbeta3 and matrix metalloprotease-2. Mol Pharm 2010; 6:1856-67. [PMID: 19799453 DOI: 10.1021/mp900152t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Integrin alphavbeta3 and matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) are two established molecular targets of angiogenesis. Basic understanding of various forms of functional interaction of integrin alphavbeta3 and active MMP-2 may be used to develop therapeutic approaches. Based upon the idea that integrins are present on the surface of invasive cells and MMP-2 may be localized to this and other cell-surface receptors, we investigated the hypothesis that integrin binding will alter cleavage of MMP-2 substrates. To investigate this hypothesis, integrin-binding and MMP-2 cleavable motifs were combined in a single peptide, MMP-RGD, designed with fluorescent probes for monitoring peptide cleavage. MMP-RGD was bound to integrin alphavbeta3 with equal affinity compared to the integrin-binding motif and was cleaved with equal specificity by active MMP-2. MMP-RGD bound to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). MMP-2 from HUVECs cleaved MMP-RGD, but the cleavage was not altered due to integrin binding. Our results indicate that integrin alphavbeta3 and active MMP-2 may not be as functionally collaborative for substrate cleavage as expected based on the current knowledge of their cell surface colocalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepali G Vartak
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Sounni NE, Rozanov DV, Remacle AG, Golubkov VS, Noel A, Strongin AY. Timp-2 binding with cellular MT1-MMP stimulates invasion-promoting MEK/ERK signaling in cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:1067-78. [PMID: 19551841 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Both invasion-promoting MT1-MMP and its physiological inhibitor TIMP-2 play a significant role in tumorigenesis and are identified in the most aggressive cancers. Despite its antiproteolytic effects in vitro, clinical data suggest that TIMP-2 expression is positively associated with tumor recurrence, thus emphasizing the wide-ranging role of TIMP-2 in malignancies. To shed light on this role of TIMP-2, we report that low concentrations of TIMP-2, by interacting with MT1-MMP (a specific membrane receptor of TIMP-2), induce the MEK/ERK signaling cascade in fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells which express MT1-MMP naturally. TIMP-2 binding with cell surface-associated MT1-MMP stimulates phosphorylation of MEK1/2, which is upstream of ERK1/2, and the ERK1/2 substrate p90RSK. Consistent with volumes of literature, we confirmed that the activation of ERK stimulated cell migration. Both the transcriptional silencing of MT1-MMP and the inhibition of MEK1/2 reversed the signaling effects of TIMP-2/MT1-MMP while the active site-targeting MMP inhibitor GM6001 did not. Our data suggest that both the interactions of TIMP-2 with MT1-MMP, which activate the pro-migratory ERK signaling cascade,and the conventional inhibition of MT1-MMP's catalytic activity by TIMP-2, play a role in the invasion-promoting function of MT1-MMP. The TIMP-2-induced stimulation of ERK signaling in cancer cells explains the direct, as opposed to the inverse, association of TIMP-2 expression with poor prognosis in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nor Eddine Sounni
- Cancer Research Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
An Z, Gluck CB, Choy ML, Kaufman LJ. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid limits migration and invasion of glioma cells in two and three dimensional culture. Cancer Lett 2010; 292:215-27. [PMID: 20060208 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2009] [Revised: 11/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High grade gliomas are aggressive cancers that are not well addressed by current chemotherapies, in large measure because these drugs do not curtail the diffuse invasion of glioma cells into brain tissue surrounding the tumor. Here, we investigate the effects of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on glioma cells in 2D and 3D in vitro assays, as SAHA has previously been shown to significantly increase apoptosis, decrease proliferation, and interfere with migration in other cell lines. We find that SAHA has significant independent effects on proliferation, migration, and invasion. These effects are seen in both 2D and 3D culture. In 3D culture, with glioma spheroids embedded in collagen I matrices, SAHA independently limits both glioma invasion and the reorganization of the tumor surroundings that usually proceeds such invasion. The decreased matrix reorganization and invasion is not accompanied by decreased production or activity of matrix-metalloproteases but instead may be related to increased cell-cell adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua An
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lin HC, Song TY, Hu ML. S-Adenosylhomocysteine promotes the invasion of C6 glioma cells via increased secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in murine microglial BV2 cells. Toxicol Sci 2009; 112:322-30. [PMID: 19770485 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
S-Adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is a risk factor for many diseases, including tumor progression and neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that SAH may indirectly enhance the invasion of C6 glioma cells by induction of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) secreted from the murine microglia BV2 cells. We obtained conditioned medium (CM) by incubating BV2 cells with SAH (1-50nM) for 24 h. We found that the SAH-containing CM (SAH-BV2-CM) strongly enhanced the invasiveness of C6 glioma cells and that this effect increased with increasing concentrations of SAH in the SAH-BV2-CM. The effect of CM could be attributed to its MMP-2 activity, as a result of increased protein and messenger RNA expression of MMP-2 in BV2 cells induced by SAH. In BV2 cells treated with SAH, the binding abilities of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) and stimulatory protein-1 (Sp1) to the MMP-2 promoter were increased, whereas the level of NF-kappaB inhibitor was decreased. In addition, SAH significantly increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/serine/threonine protein kinase (or protein kinase B) (PI3K/Akt) proteins but did not affect that of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase or p38. Pretreatment of BV2 cells with an inhibitor specific for ERK (U0126) markedly abated the expression of ERK and MMP-2. Furthermore, SAH significantly and dose dependently decreased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in BV2 cells. Thus, SAH may induce the invasiveness of C6 glioma cells by decreased TIMP-2 expression and increased MMP-2 expression in BV2 cells. The latter effect is likely mediated through the ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways, with increased binding activities of NF-kappaB and Sp1 to the MMP-2 gene promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Lin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
In vivo assessment of high-grade glioma biochemistry using microdialysis: a study of energy-related molecules, growth factors and cytokines. J Neurooncol 2009; 97:11-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-009-9990-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
50
|
Chernov AV, Sounni NE, Remacle AG, Strongin AY. Epigenetic control of the invasion-promoting MT1-MMP/MMP-2/TIMP-2 axis in cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:12727-34. [PMID: 19286653 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m900273200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is an activator of soluble MMP-2. The activity of both MMPs is regulated by their physiological inhibitor TIMP-2. An MT1-MMP/MMP-2/TIMP-2 axis plays a key role in the invasive behavior of many cell types. Despite its importance, epigenetic control of this pro-invasive axis is insufficiently studied, and, as a result, its modification in a rational and clinically beneficial manner is exceedingly difficult. Therefore, we performed an epigenetic analysis of the MT1-MMP, MMP-2, and TIMP-2 gene promoters in highly migratory glioblastoma cells and in low migratory breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells. We determined, for the first time, that the epigenetic control leading to the transcriptional silencing of both MMPs includes hypermethylation of the corresponding CpG regions and histone H3 lysine-27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). In turn, undermethylation of the CpG islands and low levels of histone H3 lysine-27 trimethylation are features of transcriptionally active MT1-MMP and MMP-2 genes in invasive cancer cells. Additional histone modifications we have analyzed, including H3ac and H3K4me2, are present in both transcriptionally active and inactive promoters of both MMPs. Histone H3 lysine-4 trimethylation is likely to play no significant role in regulating MT1-MMP and MMP-2. The pattern of epigenetic regulation of TIMP-2 was clearly distinct from that of MMPs and included the coordinated methylation and demethylation of the two CpG regions in the promoter. Our results suggest that the epigenetic control plays an important role in both the balanced regulation of the MT1-MMP/MMP-2/TIMP-2 axis and the invasive behavior in cancer cells.
Collapse
|