1
|
Stergas HR, Dillon-Martin M, Dumas CM, Hansen NA, Carasi-Schwartz FJ, D'Amico AR, Finnegan KM, Juch U, Kane KR, Kaplan IE, Masengarb ML, Melero ME, Meyer LE, Sacher CR, Scriven EA, Ebert AM, Ballif BA. CRK and NCK adaptors may functionally overlap in zebrafish neurodevelopment, as indicated by common binding partners and overlapping expression patterns. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:302-320. [PMID: 38058169 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
CRK adaptor proteins are important for signal transduction mechanisms driving cell proliferation and positioning during vertebrate central nervous system development. Zebrafish lacking both CRK family members exhibit small, disorganized retinas with 50% penetrance. The goal of this study was to determine whether another adaptor protein might functionally compensate for the loss of CRK adaptors. Expression patterns in developing zebrafish, and bioinformatic analyses of the motifs recognized by their SH2 and SH3 domains, suggest NCK adaptors are well-positioned to compensate for loss of CRK adaptors. In support of this hypothesis, proteomic analyses found CRK and NCK adaptors share overlapping interacting partners including known regulators of cell adhesion and migration, suggesting their functional intersection in neurodevelopment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline M Dumas
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Nicole A Hansen
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Alex R D'Amico
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Kylie M Finnegan
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Uatchet Juch
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Keeley R Kane
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Isabel E Kaplan
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Marina E Melero
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Lauren E Meyer
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Conrad R Sacher
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Evan A Scriven
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Alicia M Ebert
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bryan A Ballif
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumar S, Stainer A, Dubrulle J, Simpkins C, Cooper JA. Cas phosphorylation regulates focal adhesion assembly. eLife 2023; 12:e90234. [PMID: 37489578 PMCID: PMC10435235 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell attachment rapidly induces tyrosine kinase signaling. Despite years of research, the role of this signaling in integrin activation and focal adhesion assembly is unclear. We provide evidence that the Src-family kinase (SFK) substrate Cas (Crk-associated substrate, p130Cas, BCAR1) is phosphorylated and associated with its Crk/CrkL effectors in clusters that are precursors of focal adhesions. The initial phospho-Cas clusters contain integrin β1 in its inactive, bent closed, conformation. Later, phospho-Cas and total Cas levels decrease as integrin β1 is activated and core focal adhesion proteins including vinculin, talin, kindlin, and paxillin are recruited. Cas is required for cell spreading and focal adhesion assembly in epithelial and fibroblast cells on collagen and fibronectin. Cas cluster formation requires Cas, Crk/CrkL, SFKs, and Rac1 but not vinculin. Rac1 provides positive feedback onto Cas through reactive oxygen, opposed by negative feedback from the ubiquitin proteasome system. The results suggest a two-step model for focal adhesion assembly in which clusters of phospho-Cas, effectors and inactive integrin β1 grow through positive feedback prior to integrin activation and recruitment of core focal adhesion proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Kumar
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Case LB, De Pasquale M, Henry L, Rosen MK. Synergistic phase separation of two pathways promotes integrin clustering and nascent adhesion formation. eLife 2022; 11:e72588. [PMID: 35049497 PMCID: PMC8791637 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) are integrin-based plasma-membrane-associated compartments where cells sense environmental cues. The physical mechanisms and molecular interactions that mediate initial IAC formation are unclear. We found that both p130Cas ('Cas') and Focal adhesion kinase ('FAK') undergo liquid-liquid phase separation in vitro under physiologic conditions. Cas- and FAK- driven phase separation is sufficient to reconstitute kindlin-dependent integrin clustering in vitro with recombinant mammalian proteins. In vitro condensates and IACs in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit similar sensitivities to environmental perturbations including changes in temperature and pH. Furthermore, mutations that inhibit or enhance phase separation in vitro reduce or increase the number of IACs in MEFs, respectively. Finally, we find that the Cas and FAK pathways act synergistically to promote phase separation, integrin clustering, IAC formation and partitioning of key components in vitro and in cells. We propose that Cas- and FAK-driven phase separation provides an intracellular trigger for integrin clustering and nascent IAC formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B Case
- Department of Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Milagros De Pasquale
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Lisa Henry
- Department of Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Michael K Rosen
- Department of Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Steenkiste EM, Berndt JD, Pilling C, Simpkins C, Cooper JA. A Cas-BCAR3 co-regulatory circuit controls lamellipodia dynamics. eLife 2021; 10:67078. [PMID: 34169835 PMCID: PMC8266394 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin adhesion complexes regulate cytoskeletal dynamics during cell migration. Adhesion activates phosphorylation of integrin-associated signaling proteins, including Cas (p130Cas, BCAR1), by Src-family kinases. Cas regulates leading-edge protrusion and migration in cooperation with its binding partner, BCAR3. However, it has been unclear how Cas and BCAR3 cooperate. Here, using normal epithelial cells, we find that BCAR3 localization to integrin adhesions requires Cas. In return, Cas phosphorylation, as well as lamellipodia dynamics and cell migration, requires BCAR3. These functions require the BCAR3 SH2 domain and a specific phosphorylation site, Tyr 117, that is also required for BCAR3 downregulation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. These findings place BCAR3 in a co-regulatory positive-feedback circuit with Cas, with BCAR3 requiring Cas for localization and Cas requiring BCAR3 for activation and downstream signaling. The use of a single phosphorylation site in BCAR3 for activation and degradation ensures reliable negative feedback by the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Steenkiste
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Jason D Berndt
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Carissa Pilling
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Christopher Simpkins
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Jonathan A Cooper
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kerjouan A, Boyault C, Oddou C, Hiriart-Bryant E, Grichine A, Kraut A, Pezet M, Balland M, Faurobert E, Bonnet I, Coute Y, Fourcade B, Albiges-Rizo C, Destaing O. Control of SRC molecular dynamics encodes distinct cytoskeletal responses by specifying signaling pathway usage. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:237349. [PMID: 33495358 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.254599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon activation by different transmembrane receptors, the same signaling protein can induce distinct cellular responses. A way to decipher the mechanisms of such pleiotropic signaling activity is to directly manipulate the decision-making activity that supports the selection between distinct cellular responses. We developed an optogenetic probe (optoSRC) to control SRC signaling, an example of a pleiotropic signaling node, and we demonstrated its ability to generate different acto-adhesive structures (lamellipodia or invadosomes) upon distinct spatio-temporal control of SRC kinase activity. The occurrence of each acto-adhesive structure was simply dictated by the dynamics of optoSRC nanoclusters in adhesive sites, which were dependent on the SH3 and Unique domains of the protein. The different decision-making events regulated by optoSRC dynamics induced distinct downstream signaling pathways, which we characterized using time-resolved proteomic and network analyses. Collectively, by manipulating the molecular mobility of SRC kinase activity, these experiments reveal the pleiotropy-encoding mechanism of SRC signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Kerjouan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Cyril Boyault
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Christiane Oddou
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Edwige Hiriart-Bryant
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Alexei Grichine
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | | | - Mylène Pezet
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Martial Balland
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique (Liphy), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000, 38402 Saint-Martin-d'Héres, France
| | - Eva Faurobert
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Isabelle Bonnet
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, UMR 168, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yohann Coute
- Laboratoire EDYP, BIG-BGE, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Bertrand Fourcade
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique (Liphy), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000, 38402 Saint-Martin-d'Héres, France
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Olivier Destaing
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Actin polymerization downstream of integrins: signaling pathways and mechanotransduction. Biochem J 2020; 477:1-21. [PMID: 31913455 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A cell constantly adapts to its environment. Cell decisions to survive, to proliferate or to migrate are dictated not only by soluble growth factors, but also through the direct interaction of the cell with the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Integrins and their connections to the actin cytoskeleton are crucial for monitoring cell attachment and the physical properties of the substratum. Cell adhesion dynamics are modulated in complex ways by the polymerization of branched and linear actin arrays, which in turn reinforce ECM-cytoskeleton connection. This review describes the major actin regulators, Ena/VASP proteins, formins and Arp2/3 complexes, in the context of signaling pathways downstream of integrins. We focus on the specific signaling pathways that transduce the rigidity of the substrate and which control durotaxis, i.e. directed migration of cells towards increased ECM rigidity. By doing so, we highlight several recent findings on mechanotransduction and put them into a broad integrative perspective that is the result of decades of intense research on the actin cytoskeleton and its regulation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Du G, Wang J, Zhang T, Ding Q, Jia X, Zhao X, Dong J, Yang X, Lu S, Zhang C, Liu Z, Zeng Z, Safadi R, Qi R, Zhao X, Hong Z, Lu Y. Targeting Src family kinase member Fyn by Saracatinib attenuated liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:118. [PMID: 32051399 PMCID: PMC7016006 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that Src family kinase (SFK) plays important roles in systemic sclerosis and pulmonary fibrosis. However, how SFKs contributed to the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of Fyn, a member of SFK, in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis, and evaluated the anti-fibrotic effects of Saracatinib, a clinically proven safe Fyn inhibitor. Fyn activation was examined in human normal and fibrotic liver tissues. The roles of Fyn in HSC activation and liver fibrosis were evaluated in HSC cell lines by using Fyn siRNA and in Fyn knockout mice. The effects of Saracatinib on HSC activation and liver fibrosis were determined in primary HSCs and CCl4 induced liver fibrosis model. We showed that the Fyn was activated in the liver of human fibrosis patients. TGF-β induced the activation of Fyn in HSC cell lines. Knockdown of Fyn significantly blocked HSC activation, proliferation, and migration. Fyn deficient mice were resistant to CCl4 induced liver fibrosis. Saracatinib treatment abolished the activation of Fyn, downregulated the Fyn/FAK/N-WASP signaling in HSCs, and subsequently prevented the activation of HSCs. Saracatinib treatment significantly reduced the severity liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in mice. In conclusions, our findings supported the critical role of Fyn in HSC activation and development of liver fibrosis. Fyn could serve as a promising drug target for liver fibrosis treatment. Fyn inhibitor Saracatinib significantly inhibited HSC activation and attenuated liver fibrosis in mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Du
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Centre, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Centre, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Centre, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueke Zhao
- Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Jinke Dong
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Centre, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinrui Yang
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Centre, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Lu
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Centre, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cuihong Zhang
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Centre, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Liu
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Centre, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Centre, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rifaat Safadi
- Hadassah Medical Organization, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruizhao Qi
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixian Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinying Lu
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Centre, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. .,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang Y, Zheng H, Zhan Y, Fan S. An emerging tumor invasion mechanism about the collective cell migration. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:5301-5312. [PMID: 31632511 PMCID: PMC6789225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the metastasis has been detected in the late stage of the cancer, which mostly leads to death. The classical opinion about tumor metastasis is that tumor cell migration begins with the single tumor cell and goes through a series of complicated procedures, and lastly arrives and survives at distant tissues and organs. However, emerging studies have found a new migration mechanism called collective cell migration in many cancers. The collective cell migration could move as clusters with the tight cell-cell junction in the tumor microenvironments, toward the traction established by the leader cells. In addition, the collective cell migration has been shown to have higher invasive capacity and higher resistance to the clinical treatments than the single tumor cell migration. Interestingly, the collective clusters of tumor cells have been detected in the early stage of the cancer patient, which has led to the understanding of the significance of early cancer screenings. Here, we reviewed the major principles and guidance of the collective cell migration mechanisms, and the specific manifestations in the different tumors such as breast cancer and lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kalappurakkal JM, Anilkumar AA, Patra C, van Zanten TS, Sheetz MP, Mayor S. Integrin Mechano-chemical Signaling Generates Plasma Membrane Nanodomains that Promote Cell Spreading. Cell 2019; 177:1738-1756.e23. [PMID: 31104842 PMCID: PMC6879320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are a major class of lipid-anchored plasma membrane proteins. GPI-APs form nanoclusters generated by cortical acto-myosin activity. While our understanding of the physical principles governing this process is emerging, the molecular machinery and functional relevance of GPI-AP nanoclustering are unknown. Here, we first show that a membrane receptor signaling pathway directs nanocluster formation. Arg-Gly-Asp motif-containing ligands bound to the β1-integrin receptor activate src and focal adhesion kinases, resulting in RhoA signaling. This cascade triggers actin-nucleation via specific formins, which, along with myosin activity, drive the nanoclustering of membrane proteins with actin-binding domains. Concurrently, talin-mediated activation of the mechano-transducer vinculin is required for the coupling of the acto-myosin machinery to inner-leaflet lipids, thereby generating GPI-AP nanoclusters. Second, we show that these nanoclusters are functional; disruption of their formation either in GPI-anchor remodeling mutants or in vinculin mutants impairs cell spreading and migration, hallmarks of integrin function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mathew Kalappurakkal
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore, India
| | - Anupama Ambika Anilkumar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore, India; St. Johns Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Chandrima Patra
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore, India
| | - Thomas S van Zanten
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore, India
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore, India; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bellary Road, Bangalore, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Roy NH, MacKay JL, Robertson TF, Hammer DA, Burkhardt JK. Crk adaptor proteins mediate actin-dependent T cell migration and mechanosensing induced by the integrin LFA-1. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/560/eaat3178. [PMID: 30538176 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
T cell entry into inflamed tissue involves firm adhesion, spreading, and migration of the T cells across endothelial barriers. These events depend on "outside-in" signals through which engaged integrins direct cytoskeletal reorganization. We investigated the molecular events that mediate this process and found that T cells from mice lacking expression of the adaptor protein Crk exhibited defects in phenotypes induced by the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1), namely, actin polymerization, leading edge formation, and two-dimensional cell migration. Crk protein was an essential mediator of LFA-1 signaling-induced phosphorylation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl and its subsequent interaction with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit p85, thus promoting PI3K activity and cytoskeletal remodeling. In addition, we found that Crk proteins were required for T cells to respond to changes in substrate stiffness, as measured by alterations in cell spreading and differential phosphorylation of the force-sensitive protein CasL. These findings identify Crk proteins as key intermediates coupling LFA-1 signals to actin remodeling and provide mechanistic insights into how T cells sense and respond to substrate stiffness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joanna L MacKay
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tanner F Robertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel A Hammer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Janis K Burkhardt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Singh V, Erady C, Balasubramanian N. Cell-matrix adhesion controls Golgi organization and function through Arf1 activation in anchorage-dependent cells. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.215855. [PMID: 30054383 PMCID: PMC6127727 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.215855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-matrix adhesion regulates membrane trafficking controlling anchorage-dependent signaling. While a dynamic Golgi complex can contribute to this pathway, its regulation by adhesion remains unclear. Here we report that loss of adhesion dramatically disorganized the Golgi in mouse and human fibroblast cells. Golgi integrity is restored rapidly upon integrin-mediated re-adhesion to FN and is disrupted by integrin blocking antibody. In suspended cells, the cis, cis-medial and trans-Golgi networks differentially disorganize along the microtubule network but show no overlap with the ER, making this disorganization distinct from known Golgi fragmentation. This pathway is regulated by an adhesion-dependent reduction and recovery of Arf1 activation. Constitutively active Arf1 disrupts this regulation and prevents Golgi disorganization due to loss of adhesion. Adhesion-dependent Arf1 activation regulates its binding to the microtubule minus-end motor protein dynein to control Golgi reorganization, which is blocked by ciliobrevin. Adhesion-dependent Golgi organization controls its function, regulating cell surface glycosylation due to loss of adhesion, which is blocked by constitutively active Arf1. This study, hence, identified integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesion to be a novel regulator of Arf1 activation, controlling Golgi organization and function in anchorage-dependent cells.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesion activates Arf1, which then recruits dynein to regulate Golgi organization and function along the microtubule network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Singh
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Chaitanya Erady
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Nagaraj Balasubramanian
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Maziveyi M, Alahari SK. Cell matrix adhesions in cancer: The proteins that form the glue. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48471-48487. [PMID: 28476046 PMCID: PMC5564663 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purposes of Integrin-mediated cell contacts are to interpret bi-directional signals between the extracellular environment and intracellular proteins, as well as, anchor the cell to a matrix. Many cell adhesion molecules have been discovered with a wide spectrum of responsibilities, including recruiting, activating, elongating, and maintaining. This review will perlustrate some of the key incidences that precede focal adhesion formation. Tyrosine phosphorylation is a key signaling initiation event that leads to the recruitment of multiple proteins to focal adhesion sites. Recruitment and concentration of proteins such as Paxillin and Vinculin to Integrin clutches is necessary for focal adhesion development. The assembled networks are responsible for transmitting signals back and forth from the extracellular matrix (ECM) to Actin and its binding proteins. Cancer cells exhibit highly altered focal adhesion dynamics. This review will highlight some key discoveries in cancer cell adhesion, as well as, identify current gaps in knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazvita Maziveyi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Suresh K Alahari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen Z, Oh D, Dubey AK, Yao M, Yang B, Groves JT, Sheetz M. EGFR family and Src family kinase interactions: mechanics matters? Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 51:97-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
14
|
Molinie N, Gautreau A. The Arp2/3 Regulatory System and Its Deregulation in Cancer. Physiol Rev 2017; 98:215-238. [PMID: 29212790 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arp2/3 complex is an evolutionary conserved molecular machine that generates branched actin networks. When activated, the Arp2/3 complex contributes the actin branched junction and thus cross-links the polymerizing actin filaments in a network that exerts a pushing force. The different activators initiate branched actin networks at the cytosolic surface of different cellular membranes to promote their protrusion, movement, or scission in cell migration and membrane traffic. Here we review the structure, function, and regulation of all the direct regulators of the Arp2/3 complex that induce or inhibit the initiation of a branched actin network and that controls the stability of its branched junctions. Our goal is to present recent findings concerning novel inhibitory proteins or the regulation of the actin branched junction and place these in the context of what was previously known to provide a global overview of how the Arp2/3 complex is regulated in human cells. We focus on the human set of Arp2/3 regulators to compare normal Arp2/3 regulation in untransformed cells to the deregulation of the Arp2/3 system observed in patients affected by various cancers. In many cases, these deregulations promote cancer progression and have a direct impact on patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Molinie
- Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 7654, Palaiseau, France; and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Life Sciences Center, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Alexis Gautreau
- Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 7654, Palaiseau, France; and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Life Sciences Center, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Böttcher RT, Veelders M, Rombaut P, Faix J, Theodosiou M, Stradal TE, Rottner K, Zent R, Herzog F, Fässler R. Kindlin-2 recruits paxillin and Arp2/3 to promote membrane protrusions during initial cell spreading. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:3785-3798. [PMID: 28912124 PMCID: PMC5674885 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201701176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell spreading requires the coupling of actin-driven membrane protrusion and integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix. The integrin-activating adaptor protein kindlin-2 plays a central role for cell adhesion and membrane protrusion by directly binding and recruiting paxillin to nascent adhesions. Here, we report that kindlin-2 has a dual role during initial cell spreading: it binds paxillin via the pleckstrin homology and F0 domains to activate Rac1, and it directly associates with the Arp2/3 complex to induce Rac1-mediated membrane protrusions. Consistently, abrogation of kindlin-2 binding to Arp2/3 impairs lamellipodia formation and cell spreading. Our findings identify kindlin-2 as a key protein that couples cell adhesion by activating integrins and the induction of membrane protrusions by activating Rac1 and supplying Rac1 with the Arp2/3 complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph T Böttcher
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Maik Veelders
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Pascaline Rombaut
- Gene Center Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Faix
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marina Theodosiou
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Klemens Rottner
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Franz Herzog
- Gene Center Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
McGowan SE, McCoy DM. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate-1 regulate mechano-responsiveness of lung fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L1174-L1187. [PMID: 28775097 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00185.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A, which only signals through PDGF-receptor-α (PDGFR-α), is required for secondary alveolar septal formation. Although PDGFR-α distinguishes mesenchymal progenitor cells during the saccular stage, PDGFR-α-expressing alveolar cells persist through adulthood. PDGF-A sustains proliferation, limits apoptosis, and maintains α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-containing alveolar cells, which congregate at the alveolar entry ring at postnatal day (P)12. PDGFR-α-expressing, α-SMA-containing alveolar cells redistribute in the elongating septum, suggesting that they migrate to the alveolar entry rings, where mechanical tension is higher. We hypothesized that PDGFR-α and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1(Rac1) are required for mechanosensitive myofibroblast migration. Spreading of PDGFR-α-deficient lung fibroblasts was insensitive to increased rigidity, and their migration was not reduced by Rac1-guanine exchange factor (GEF)-inhibition. PDGFR-α-expressing fibroblasts migrated toward stiffer regions within two-dimensional substrates by increasing migrational persistence (durotaxis). Using a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor for Rac1-GTP, we observed that PDGFR-α was required for fibroblast Rac1 responsiveness to stiffness within a three-dimensional collagen substrate, which by itself increased Rac1-FRET. Rho-GTPase stabilized, whereas Rac1-GTPase increased the turnover of focal adhesions. Under conditions that increased Rac1-GTP, PDGFR-α signaled through both phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PIK) or Src to engage the Rac1 GEF dedicator of cytokinesis-1 (Dock180) and p21-activated-kinase interacting exchange factor-β (βPIX). In cooperation with collagen fibers, these signaling pathways may guide fibroblasts toward the more rigid alveolar entry ring during secondary septation. Because emphysema and interstitial fibrosis disrupt the parenchymal mechanical continuum, understanding how mechanical factors regulate fibroblast migration could elicit strategies for alveolar repair and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E McGowan
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Diann M McCoy
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Paterson EK, Courtneidge SA. Invadosomes are coming: new insights into function and disease relevance. FEBS J 2017; 285:8-27. [PMID: 28548369 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Invadopodia and podosomes are discrete, actin-based molecular protrusions that form in cancer cells and normal cells, respectively, in response to diverse signaling pathways and extracellular matrix cues. Although they participate in a host of different cellular processes, they share a common functional theme of controlling pericellular proteolytic activity, which sets them apart from other structures that function in migration and adhesion, including focal adhesions, lamellipodia, and filopodia. In this review, we highlight research that explores the function of these complex structures, including roles for podosomes in embryonic and postnatal development, in angiogenesis and remodeling of the vasculature, in maturation of the postsynaptic membrane, in antigen sampling and recognition, and in cell-cell fusion mechanisms, as well as the involvement of invadopodia at multiple steps of the metastatic cascade, and how all of this may apply in the treatment of human disease states. Finally, we explore recent research that implicates a novel role for exosomes and microvesicles in invadopodia-dependent and invadopodia-independent mechanisms of invasion, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elyse K Paterson
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sara A Courtneidge
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
T cell signaling is inextricably linked to actin cytoskeletal dynamics at the immunological synapse (IS). This process can be imaged in living T cells expressing GFP actin or fluorescent F-actin binding proteins. Because of its planar nature, the IS provides a unique opportunity to image events as they happen, monitoring changes in actin retrograde flow in T cells interacting with different stimulatory surfaces or after pharmacological treatments. Here, we described the imaging methods and analytical procedures used to measure actin velocity across the IS in T cells spreading on planar stimulatory surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna I Jankowska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, ARC 816D, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Janis K Burkhardt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, ARC 816D, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Matrix mechanics controls FHL2 movement to the nucleus to activate p21 expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E6813-E6822. [PMID: 27742790 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1608210113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Substrate rigidity affects many physiological processes through mechanochemical signals from focal adhesion (FA) complexes that subsequently modulate gene expression. We find that shuttling of the LIM domain (domain discovered in the proteins, Lin11, Isl-1, and Mec-3) protein four-and-a-half LIM domains 2 (FHL2) between FAs and the nucleus depends on matrix mechanics. In particular, on soft surfaces or after the loss of force, FHL2 moves from FAs into the nucleus and concentrates at RNA polymerase (Pol) II sites, where it acts as a transcriptional cofactor, causing an increase in p21 gene expression that will inhibit growth on soft surfaces. At the molecular level, shuttling requires a specific tyrosine in FHL2, as well as phosphorylation by active FA kinase (FAK). Thus, we suggest that FHL2 phosphorylation by FAK is a critical, mechanically dependent step in signaling from soft matrices to the nucleus to inhibit cell proliferation by increasing p21 expression.
Collapse
|
20
|
Masters TA, Sheetz MP, Gauthier NC. F-actin waves, actin cortex disassembly and focal exocytosis driven by actin-phosphoinositide positive feedback. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:180-96. [PMID: 26915738 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Actin polymerization is controlled by the phosphoinositide composition of the plasma membrane. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the spatiotemporal regulation of actin network organization over extended length scales are still unclear. To observe phosphoinositide-dependent cytoskeletal dynamics we combined the model system of frustrated phagocytosis, total internal reflection microscopy and manipulation of the buffer tonicity. We found that macrophages interacting with IgG-coated glass substrates formed circular F-actin waves on their ventral surface enclosing a region of plasma membrane devoid of cortical actin. Plasma membrane free of actin cortex was strongly depleted of PI(4,5)P2 , but enriched in PI(3,4)P2 and displayed a fivefold increase in exocytosis. Wave formation could be promoted by application of a hypotonic shock. The actin waves were characteristic of a bistable wavefront at the boundary between the regions of membrane containing and lacking cortical actin. Phosphoinositide modifiers and RhoGTPase activities dramatically redistributed with respect to the wavefronts, which often exhibited spatial oscillations. Perturbation of either lipid or actin cytoskeleton-related pathways led to rapid loss of both the polarized lipid distribution and the wavefront. As waves travelled over the plasma membrane, wavefront actin was seen to rapidly polymerize and depolymerize at pre-existing clusters of FcγRIIA, coincident with rapid changes in lipid composition. Thus the potential of receptors to support rapid F-actin polymerization appears to depend acutely on the local concentrations of multiple lipid species. We propose that interdependence through positive feedback from the cytoskeleton to lipid modifiers leads to coordinated local cortex remodeling, focal exocytosis, and organizes extended actin networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Masters
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027
| | - Nils C Gauthier
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Comrie WA, Burkhardt JK. Action and Traction: Cytoskeletal Control of Receptor Triggering at the Immunological Synapse. Front Immunol 2016; 7:68. [PMID: 27014258 PMCID: PMC4779853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that F-actin dynamics drive the micron-scale cell shape changes required for migration and immunological synapse (IS) formation. In addition, recent evidence points to a more intimate role for the actin cytoskeleton in promoting T cell activation. Mechanotransduction, the conversion of mechanical input into intracellular biochemical changes, is thought to play a critical role in several aspects of immunoreceptor triggering and downstream signal transduction. Multiple molecules associated with signaling events at the IS have been shown to respond to physical force, including the TCR, costimulatory molecules, adhesion molecules, and several downstream adapters. In at least some cases, it is clear that the relevant forces are exerted by dynamics of the T cell actomyosin cytoskeleton. Interestingly, there is evidence that the cytoskeleton of the antigen-presenting cell also plays an active role in T cell activation, by countering the molecular forces exerted by the T cell at the IS. Since actin polymerization is itself driven by TCR and costimulatory signaling pathways, a complex relationship exists between actin dynamics and receptor activation. This review will focus on recent advances in our understanding of the mechanosensitive aspects of T cell activation, paying specific attention to how F-actin-directed forces applied from both sides of the IS fit into current models of receptor triggering and activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William A Comrie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Janis K Burkhardt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Theodosiou M, Widmaier M, Böttcher RT, Rognoni E, Veelders M, Bharadwaj M, Lambacher A, Austen K, Müller DJ, Zent R, Fässler R. Kindlin-2 cooperates with talin to activate integrins and induces cell spreading by directly binding paxillin. eLife 2016; 5:e10130. [PMID: 26821125 PMCID: PMC4749545 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins require an activation step prior to ligand binding and signaling. How talin and kindlin contribute to these events in non-hematopoietic cells is poorly understood. Here we report that fibroblasts lacking either talin or kindlin failed to activate β1 integrins, adhere to fibronectin (FN) or maintain their integrins in a high affinity conformation induced by Mn(2+). Despite compromised integrin activation and adhesion, Mn(2+) enabled talin- but not kindlin-deficient cells to initiate spreading on FN. This isotropic spreading was induced by the ability of kindlin to directly bind paxillin, which in turn bound focal adhesion kinase (FAK) resulting in FAK activation and the formation of lamellipodia. Our findings show that talin and kindlin cooperatively activate integrins leading to FN binding and adhesion, and that kindlin subsequently assembles an essential signaling node at newly formed adhesion sites in a talin-independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Theodosiou
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Moritz Widmaier
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ralph T Böttcher
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Emanuel Rognoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maik Veelders
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mitasha Bharadwaj
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Armin Lambacher
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Katharina Austen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Benitez PL, Mascharak S, Proctor AC, Heilshorn SC. Use of protein-engineered fabrics to identify design rules for integrin ligand clustering in biomaterials. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 8:50-61. [PMID: 26692238 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00258c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While ligand clustering is known to enhance integrin activation, this insight has been difficult to apply to the design of implantable biomaterials because the local and global ligand densities that enable clustering-enhanced integrin signaling were unpredictable. Here, two general design principles for biomaterial ligand clustering are elucidated. First, clustering ligands enhances integrin-dependent signals when the global ligand density, i.e., the ligand density across the cellular length scale, is near the ligand's effective dissociation constant (KD,eff). Second, clustering ligands enhances integrin activation when the local ligand density, i.e., the ligand density across the length scale of individual focal adhesions, is less than an overcrowding threshold. To identify these principles, we fabricated a series of elastin-like, electrospun fabrics with independent control over the local (0 to 122 000 ligands μm(-2)) and global (0 to 71 000 ligand μm(-2)) densities of an arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) ligand. Antibody blocking studies confirmed that human umbilical vein endothelial cell adhesion to these protein-engineered biomaterials was primarily due to αVβ3 integrin binding. Clustering ligands enhanced cell proliferation, focal adhesion number, and focal adhesion kinase expression near the ligand's KD,eff of 12 000 RGD μm(-2). Near this global ligand density, cells on ligand-clustered fabrics behaved similarly to cells grown on fabrics with significantly larger global ligand densities but without clustering. However, this enhanced ligand-clustering effect was not observed above a threshold cut-off concentration. At a local ligand density of 122 000 RGD μm(-2), cell division, focal adhesion number, and focal adhesion kinase expression were significantly reduced relative to fabrics with identical global ligand density and lesser local ligand densities. Thus, when clustering results in overcrowding of ligands, integrin receptors are no longer able to effectively engage with their target ligands. Together, these two insights into the cellular responses to ligand clustering at the cell-matrix interface may serve as design principles when developing future generations of implantable biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Benitez
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305,
| | - Shamik Mascharak
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305,
| | - Amy C Proctor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305,
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Collective cell migration: guidance principles and hierarchies. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:556-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
25
|
Roche PL, Filomeno KL, Bagchi RA, Czubryt MP. Intracellular Signaling of Cardiac Fibroblasts. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:721-60. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
26
|
Wolfenson H, Iskratsch T, Sheetz MP. Early events in cell spreading as a model for quantitative analysis of biomechanical events. Biophys J 2014; 107:2508-14. [PMID: 25468330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the early events in the process of fibroblast spreading on fibronectin matrices of different rigidities. We present a focused position piece that illustrates the many different tests that a cell makes of its environment before it establishes mature matrix adhesions. When a fibroblast is placed on fibronectin-coated glass surfaces at 37°C, it typically spreads and polarizes within 20-40 min primarily through αvβ3 integrin binding to fibronectin. In that short period, the cell goes through three major phases that involve binding, integrin activation, spreading, and mechanical testing of the surface. The advantage of using the model system of cell spreading from the unattached state is that it is highly reproducible and the stages that the cell undergoes can thus be studied in a highly quantitative manner, in both space and time. The mechanical and biochemical parameters that matter in this example are often surprising because of both the large number of tests that occur and the precision of the tests. We discuss our current understanding of those tests, the decision tree that is involved in this process, and an extension to the behavior of the cells at longer time periods when mature adhesions develop. Because many other matrices and integrins are involved in cell-matrix adhesion, this model system gives us a limited view of a subset of cellular behaviors that can occur. However, by defining one cellular process at a molecular level, we know more of what to expect when defining other processes. Because each cellular process will involve some different proteins, a molecular understanding of multiple functions operating within a given cell can lead to strategies to selectively block a function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haguy Wolfenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Iskratsch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nikonova AS, Gaponova AV, Kudinov AE, Golemis EA. CAS proteins in health and disease: an update. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:387-95. [PMID: 24962474 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The CAS family of scaffolding proteins has increasingly attracted scrutiny as important for regulation of cancer-associated signaling. BCAR1 (also known as p130Cas), NEDD9 (HEF1, Cas-L), EFS (Sin), and CASS4 (HEPL) are regulated by and mediate cell attachment, growth factor, and chemokine signaling. Altered expression and activity of CAS proteins are now known to promote metastasis and drug resistance in cancer, influence normal development, and contribute to the pathogenesis of heart and pulmonary disease. In this article, we provide an update on recently published studies describing signals regulating and regulated by CAS proteins, and evidence for biological activity of CAS proteins in normal development, cancer, and other pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Nikonova
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|