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Ju Y, Zhang Y, Tian X, Zhu N, Zheng Y, Qiao Y, Yang T, Niu B, Li X, Yu L, Liu Z, Wu Y, Zhi Y, Dong Y, Xu Q, Yang X, Wang X, Wang X, Deng H, Mao Y, Li X. Protein S-glutathionylation confers cellular resistance to ferroptosis induced by glutathione depletion. Redox Biol 2025; 83:103660. [PMID: 40354766 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2025.103660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2025] [Revised: 04/29/2025] [Accepted: 05/01/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is one of the most critical biological consequences of glutathione depletion. Excessive oxidative stress, indicated by an elevated oxidized glutathione (GSSG)/reduced glutathione (GSH) ratio, is recognized as a key driver of ferroptosis. However, in glutathione depletion-induced ferroptosis, a marked decrease in total glutathione levels (including both GSH and GSSG) is frequently observed, yet its significance remains understudied. Protein S-glutathionylation (protein-SSG) levels are closely linked to the redox state and cellular glutathione pools including GSH and GSSG. To date, the role of protein-SSG during cell ferroptosis induced by glutathione depletion remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that upregulation of CHAC1, a glutathione-degrading enzyme, acted as a key regulator of protein-SSG formation and exacerbated glutathione depletion-induced ferroptosis. This effect was observed in both in vitro and in vivo models, including erastin-induced ferroptosis across multiple cell lines and acetaminophen overdose-triggered ferroptosis in hepatocytes. Deficiency of CHAC1 resulted in increased glutathione pools, enhanced protein-SSG, improved liver function, and attenuation of hepatocyte ferroptosis upon acetaminophen challenge. These protective effects were reversed by CHAC1 overexpression. Using quantitative redox proteomics, we identified glutathione pool-sensitive S-glutathionylated proteins. As an important example, we discovered that ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) was regulated by S-glutathionylation during glutathione depletion-induced ferroptosis. Our findings revealed that CHAC1 upregulation reduced the S-glutathionylation of ARF6, resulting in decreased ARF6 levels in lysosomes. This, in turn, enhanced the localization of the transferrin receptor (TFRC) on the cell membrane and increased transferrin uptake, ultimately compromising the protective role of ARF6 in ferroptosis induced by glutathione depletion. Targeting TFRC using GalNAc-siTfrc mitigated acetaminophen-induced liver injury in vivo. In conclusion, our study provide evidence that availability of glutathione pools affects protein S-glutathionylation and regulates protein functions to influence the process of ferroptosis, which opens an avenue to understanding the cell ferroptosis induced by glutathione depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ju
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nanbin Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufan Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Qiao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Baolin Niu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Research Center of Fatty Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuolin Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixuan Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Research Center of Fatty Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinuo Dong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Research Center of Fatty Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingling Xu
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xuening Wang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaokai Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Mao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Research Center of Fatty Liver Disease, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Huang L, Zhang T, Zhu Y, Lai X, Tao H, Xing Y, Li Z. Deciphering the Role of CD36 in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Linking Fatty Acid Metabolism and Inflammation in Disease Pathogenesis. J Inflamm Res 2025; 18:1575-1588. [PMID: 39925938 PMCID: PMC11806725 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s502314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 02/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common pregnancy complications which exerts detrimental effects on mothers and children. Emerging evidence has pointed to the important role of the fatty acid transporter protein CD36 in the pathogenesis of GDM. As a heavily glycosylated transmembrane protein, CD36 is widely expressed in diverse cell types, including placental trophoblasts, monocytes/macrophages, adipocytes, and pancreatic cells et al. CD36 plays a key role in lipid metabolism and signal transduction in the pathophysiological mechanism of GDM. The modified expression and functionality of CD36 may contribute to inflammation and oxidative stress in maternal tissues, interfere with insulin signaling, and subsequently influence maternal insulin sensitivity and fetal growth, increasing the risk for GDM. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding the expression and function of CD36 in various tissues throughout pregnancy and explores how CD36 dysregulation can activate inflammatory pathways, worsen insulin resistance, and disrupt lipid metabolism, thereby complicating the necessary metabolic adjustments during pregnancy. Furthermore, the review delves into emerging therapeutic approaches targeting CD36 signaling to alleviate the impacts of GDM. Understanding the involvement of CD36 in GDM could yield crucial insights into its mechanisms and potential interventions for enhancing maternal and fetal health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueling Lai
- Shenzhen Guangming Maternal & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hualin Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Xing
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyinqian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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Wang J, Guo H, Zheng LF, Li P, Zhao TJ. Context-specific fatty acid uptake is a finely-tuned multi-level effort. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00256-X. [PMID: 39490380 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are essential nutrients that play multiple roles in cellular activities. To meet cell-specific needs, cells exhibit differential uptake of FAs in diverse physiological or pathological contexts, coordinating to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Cells tightly regulate the localization and transcription of CD36 and other key proteins that transport FAs across the plasma membrane in response to different stimuli. Dysregulation of FA uptake results in diseases such as obesity, steatotic liver, heart failure, and cancer progression. Targeting FA uptake might provide potential therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and cancer. Here, we review recent advances in context-specific regulation of FA uptake, focusing on the regulation of CD36 in metabolic organs and other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Huiling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lang-Fan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Tong-Jin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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S Mesquita F, Abrami L, Linder ME, Bamji SX, Dickinson BC, van der Goot FG. Mechanisms and functions of protein S-acylation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:488-509. [PMID: 38355760 PMCID: PMC12010433 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, protein S-acylation (often referred to as S-palmitoylation) has emerged as an important regulator of vital signalling pathways. S-Acylation is a reversible post-translational modification that involves the attachment of a fatty acid to a protein. Maintenance of the equilibrium between protein S-acylation and deacylation has demonstrated profound effects on various cellular processes, including innate immunity, inflammation, glucose metabolism and fat metabolism, as well as on brain and heart function. This Review provides an overview of current understanding of S-acylation and deacylation enzymes, their spatiotemporal regulation by sophisticated multilayered mechanisms, and their influence on protein function, cellular processes and physiological pathways. Furthermore, we examine how disruptions in protein S-acylation are associated with a broad spectrum of diseases from cancer to autoinflammatory disorders and neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco S Mesquita
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maurine E Linder
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shernaz X Bamji
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - F Gisou van der Goot
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Anwar MU, van der Goot FG. Refining S-acylation: Structure, regulation, dynamics, and therapeutic implications. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202307103. [PMID: 37756661 PMCID: PMC10533364 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202307103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With a limited number of genes, cells achieve remarkable diversity. This is to a large extent achieved by chemical posttranslational modifications of proteins. Amongst these are the lipid modifications that have the unique ability to confer hydrophobicity. The last decade has revealed that lipid modifications of proteins are extremely frequent and affect a great variety of cellular pathways and physiological processes. This is particularly true for S-acylation, the only reversible lipid modification. The enzymes involved in S-acylation and deacylation are only starting to be understood, and the list of proteins that undergo this modification is ever-increasing. We will describe the state of knowledge on the enzymes that regulate S-acylation, from their structure to their regulation, how S-acylation influences target proteins, and finally will offer a perspective on how alterations in the balance between S-acylation and deacylation may contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad U. Anwar
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F. Gisou van der Goot
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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