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S Mesquita F, Abrami L, Linder ME, Bamji SX, Dickinson BC, van der Goot FG. Mechanisms and functions of protein S-acylation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00700-8. [PMID: 38355760 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, protein S-acylation (often referred to as S-palmitoylation) has emerged as an important regulator of vital signalling pathways. S-Acylation is a reversible post-translational modification that involves the attachment of a fatty acid to a protein. Maintenance of the equilibrium between protein S-acylation and deacylation has demonstrated profound effects on various cellular processes, including innate immunity, inflammation, glucose metabolism and fat metabolism, as well as on brain and heart function. This Review provides an overview of current understanding of S-acylation and deacylation enzymes, their spatiotemporal regulation by sophisticated multilayered mechanisms, and their influence on protein function, cellular processes and physiological pathways. Furthermore, we examine how disruptions in protein S-acylation are associated with a broad spectrum of diseases from cancer to autoinflammatory disorders and neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco S Mesquita
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maurine E Linder
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shernaz X Bamji
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - F Gisou van der Goot
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Mesquita FS, Abrami L, Samurkas A, van der Goot FG. S-acylation: an orchestrator of the life cycle and function of membrane proteins. FEBS J 2024; 291:45-56. [PMID: 37811679 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
S-acylation is a covalent post-translational modification of proteins with fatty acids, achieved by enzymatic attachment via a labile thioester bond. This modification allows for dynamic control of protein properties and functions in association with cell membranes. This lipid modification regulates a substantial portion of the human proteome and plays an increasingly recognized role throughout the lifespan of affected proteins. Recent technical advancements have propelled the S-acylation field into a 'molecular era', unveiling new insights into its mechanistic intricacies and far-reaching implications. With a striking increase in the number of studies on this modification, new concepts are indeed emerging on the roles of S-acylation in specific cell biology processes and features. After a brief overview of the enzymes involved in S-acylation, this viewpoint focuses on the importance of S-acylation in the homeostasis, function, and coordination of integral membrane proteins. In particular, we put forward the hypotheses that S-acylation is a gatekeeper of membrane protein folding and turnover and a regulator of the formation and dynamics of membrane contact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Samurkas
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
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S Mesquita F, Abrami L, Bracq L, Panyain N, Mercier V, Kunz B, Chuat A, Carlevaro-Fita J, Trono D, van der Goot FG. SARS-CoV-2 hijacks a cell damage response, which induces transcription of a more efficient Spike S-acyltransferase. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7302. [PMID: 37952051 PMCID: PMC10640587 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection requires Spike protein-mediated fusion between the viral and cellular membranes. The fusogenic activity of Spike depends on its post-translational lipid modification by host S-acyltransferases, predominantly ZDHHC20. Previous observations indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection augments the S-acylation of Spike when compared to mere Spike transfection. Here, we find that SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers a change in the transcriptional start site of the zdhhc20 gene, both in cells and in an in vivo infection model, resulting in a 67-amino-acid-long N-terminally extended protein with approx. 40 times higher Spike acylating activity, resulting in enhanced fusion of viruses with host cells. Furthermore, we observed the same induced transcriptional change in response to other challenges, such as chemically induced colitis and pore-forming toxins, indicating that SARS-CoV-2 hijacks an existing cell damage response pathway to optimize it fusion glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Bracq
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nattawadee Panyain
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Mercier
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- ACCESS, Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Kunz
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Chuat
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Didier Trono
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Brito C, Pereira JM, Mesquita FS, Cabanes D, Sousa S. Src-Dependent NM2A Tyrosine Phosphorylation Regulates Actomyosin Remodeling. Cells 2023; 12:1871. [PMID: 37508535 PMCID: PMC10377941 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-muscle myosin 2A (NM2A) is a key cytoskeletal enzyme that, along with actin, assembles into actomyosin filaments inside cells. NM2A is fundamental for cell adhesion and motility, playing important functions in different stages of development and during the progression of viral and bacterial infections. Phosphorylation events regulate the activity and the cellular localization of NM2A. We previously identified the tyrosine phosphorylation of residue 158 (pTyr158) in the motor domain of the NM2A heavy chain. This phosphorylation can be promoted by Listeria monocytogenes infection of epithelial cells and is dependent on Src kinase; however, its molecular role is unknown. Here, we show that the status of pTyr158 defines cytoskeletal organization, affects the assembly/disassembly of focal adhesions, and interferes with cell migration. Cells overexpressing a non-phosphorylatable NM2A variant or expressing reduced levels of Src kinase display increased stress fibers and larger focal adhesions, suggesting an altered contraction status consistent with the increased NM2A activity that we also observed. We propose NM2A pTyr158 as a novel layer of regulation of actomyosin cytoskeleton organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Brito
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- MCBiology PhD Program-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar-ICBAS, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana M Pereira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- MCBiology PhD Program-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar-ICBAS, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco S Mesquita
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Didier Cabanes
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Sousa
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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5
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Sandoz PA, Denhardt-Eriksson RA, Abrami L, Abriata LA, Spreemann G, Maclachlan C, Ho S, Kunz B, Hess K, Knott G, S Mesquita F, Hatzimanikatis V, van der Goot FG. Dynamics of CLIMP-63 S-acylation control ER morphology. Nat Commun 2023; 14:264. [PMID: 36650170 PMCID: PMC9844198 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex architecture of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) comprises distinct dynamic features, many at the nanoscale, that enable the coexistence of the nuclear envelope, regions of dense sheets and a branched tubular network that spans the cytoplasm. A key player in the formation of ER sheets is cytoskeleton-linking membrane protein 63 (CLIMP-63). The mechanisms by which CLIMP-63 coordinates ER structure remain elusive. Here, we address the impact of S-acylation, a reversible post-translational lipid modification, on CLIMP-63 cellular distribution and function. Combining native mass-spectrometry, with kinetic analysis of acylation and deacylation, and data-driven mathematical modelling, we obtain in-depth understanding of the CLIMP-63 life cycle. In the ER, it assembles into trimeric units. These occasionally exit the ER to reach the plasma membrane. However, the majority undergoes S-acylation by ZDHHC6 in the ER where they further assemble into highly stable super-complexes. Using super-resolution microscopy and focused ion beam electron microscopy, we show that CLIMP-63 acylation-deacylation controls the abundance and fenestration of ER sheets. Overall, this study uncovers a dynamic lipid post-translational regulation of ER architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Sandoz
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luciano A Abriata
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modelling, Institute of Bioengineering, EPFL and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sylvia Ho
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Kunz
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kathryn Hess
- Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Graham Knott
- BioEM Facility, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Anwar MU, Sergeeva OA, Abrami L, Mesquita FS, Lukonin I, Amen T, Chuat A, Capolupo L, Liberali P, D'Angelo G, van der Goot FG. ER-Golgi-localized proteins TMED2 and TMED10 control the formation of plasma membrane lipid nanodomains. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2334-2346.e8. [PMID: 36174556 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To promote infections, pathogens exploit host cell machineries such as structural elements of the plasma membrane. Studying these interactions and identifying molecular players are ideal for gaining insights into the fundamental biology of the host cell. Here, we used the anthrax toxin to screen a library of 1,500 regulatory, cell-surface, and membrane trafficking genes for their involvement in the intoxication process. We found that endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi-localized proteins TMED2 and TMED10 are required for toxin oligomerization at the plasma membrane of human cells, an essential step dependent on localization to cholesterol-rich lipid nanodomains. Biochemical, morphological, and mechanistic analyses showed that TMED2 and TMED10 are essential components of a supercomplex that operates the exchange of both cholesterol and ceramides at ER-Golgi membrane contact sites. Overall, this study of anthrax intoxication led to the discovery that lipid compositional remodeling at ER-Golgi interfaces fully controls the formation of functional membrane nanodomains at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad U Anwar
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oksana A Sergeeva
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francisco S Mesquita
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ilya Lukonin
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), 4058 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Triana Amen
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Chuat
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Capolupo
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Prisca Liberali
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), 4058 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni D'Angelo
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - F Gisou van der Goot
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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7
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Odendall C, Sa Pessoa J, Mesquita FS. Meeting report - Cell dynamics: host-pathogen interface. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276364. [PMID: 35979931 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two years into the most significant infectious disease event of our generation, infections have populated every conversation and in-depth understanding of host-pathogen interactions has, perhaps, never been more important. In a successful return to in-person conferences, the host-pathogen interface was the focus of the third Cell Dynamics meeting, which took place at the glorious Wotton House in Surrey, UK. The meeting organised by Michaela Gack, Maximiliano Gutierrez, Dominique Soldati-Favre and Michael Way gathered an international group of scientists who shared their recent discoveries and views on numerous aspects, including cell-autonomous defence mechanisms, pathogen interactions with host cytoskeletal or membrane dynamics, and cellular immune regulation. More than 30 years into the beginning of cellular microbiology as a field, the meeting exhibited the unique aspect of the host-pathogen interface in uncovering the fundamentals of both pathogens and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Odendall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Joana Sa Pessoa
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 7BL Belfast, UK
| | - Francisco S Mesquita
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Mesquita FS, Abrami L, Sergeeva O, Turelli P, Qing E, Kunz B, Raclot C, Paz Montoya J, Abriata LA, Gallagher T, Dal Peraro M, Trono D, D'Angelo G, van der Goot FG. S-acylation controls SARS-CoV-2 membrane lipid organization and enhances infectivity. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2790-2807.e8. [PMID: 34599882 PMCID: PMC8486083 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virions are surrounded by a lipid bilayer that contains membrane proteins such as spike, responsible for target-cell binding and virus fusion. We found that during SARS-CoV-2 infection, spike becomes lipid modified, through the sequential action of the S-acyltransferases ZDHHC20 and 9. Particularly striking is the rapid acylation of spike on 10 cytosolic cysteines within the ER and Golgi. Using a combination of computational, lipidomics, and biochemical approaches, we show that this massive lipidation controls spike biogenesis and degradation, and drives the formation of localized ordered cholesterol and sphingolipid-rich lipid nanodomains in the early Golgi, where viral budding occurs. Finally, S-acylation of spike allows the formation of viruses with enhanced fusion capacity. Our study points toward S-acylating enzymes and lipid biosynthesis enzymes as novel therapeutic anti-viral targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oksana Sergeeva
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Priscilla Turelli
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enya Qing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Béatrice Kunz
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charlène Raclot
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Paz Montoya
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luciano A Abriata
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tom Gallagher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Matteo Dal Peraro
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didier Trono
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni D'Angelo
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Abrami L, Audagnotto M, Ho S, Marcaida MJ, Mesquita FS, Anwar MU, Sandoz PA, Fonti G, Pojer F, Peraro MD, van der Goot FG. Palmitoylated acyl protein thioesterase APT2 deforms membranes to extract substrate acyl chains. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:438-447. [PMID: 33707782 PMCID: PMC7610442 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Many biochemical reactions require controlled recruitment of proteins to membranes. This is largely regulated by posttranslational modifications. A frequent one is S-acylation, which consists of the addition of acyl chains and can be reversed by poorly understood acyl protein thioesterases (APTs). Using a panel of computational and experimental approaches, we dissect the mode of action of the major cellular thioesterase APT2 (LYPLA2). We show that soluble APT2 is vulnerable to proteasomal degradation, from which membrane binding protects it. Interaction with membranes requires three consecutive steps: electrostatic attraction, insertion of a hydrophobic loop and S-acylation by the palmitoyltransferases ZDHHC3 or ZDHHC7. Once bound, APT2 is predicted to deform the lipid bilayer to extract the acyl chain bound to its substrate and capture it in a hydrophobic pocket to allow hydrolysis. This molecular understanding of APT2 paves the way to understand the dynamics of APT2-mediated deacylation of substrates throughout the endomembrane system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martina Audagnotto
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Ho
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Jose Marcaida
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Muhammad U. Anwar
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick A. Sandoz
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Fonti
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Pojer
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Dal Peraro
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland,Corresponding Authors: F. Gisou van der Goot () and Matteo Dal Peraro ()
| | - F. Gisou van der Goot
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland,Corresponding Authors: F. Gisou van der Goot () and Matteo Dal Peraro ()
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10
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Brito C, Mesquita FS, Bleck CKE, Sellers JR, Cabanes D, Sousa S. Perfringolysin O-Induced Plasma Membrane Pores Trigger Actomyosin Remodeling and Endoplasmic Reticulum Redistribution. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11070419. [PMID: 31319618 PMCID: PMC6669444 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11070419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens produces an arsenal of toxins that act together to cause severe infections in humans and livestock animals. Perfringolysin O (PFO) is a cholesterol-dependent pore-forming toxin encoded in the chromosome of virtually all C. perfringens strains and acts in synergy with other toxins to determine the outcome of the infection. However, its individual contribution to the disease is poorly understood. Here, we intoxicated human epithelial and endothelial cells with purified PFO to evaluate the host cytoskeletal responses to PFO-induced damage. We found that, at sub-lytic concentrations, PFO induces a profound reorganization of the actomyosin cytoskeleton culminating into the assembly of well-defined cortical actomyosin structures at sites of plasma membrane (PM) remodeling. The assembly of such structures occurs concomitantly with the loss of the PM integrity and requires pore-formation, calcium influx, and myosin II activity. The recovery from the PM damage occurs simultaneously with the disassembly of cortical structures. PFO also targets the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by inducing its disruption and vacuolation. ER-enriched vacuoles were detected at the cell cortex within the PFO-induced actomyosin structures. These cellular events suggest the targeting of the endothelium integrity at early stages of C. perfringens infection, in which secreted PFO is at sub-lytic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Brito
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Programa Doutoral em Biologia Molecular e Celular (MCbiology), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel, Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco S Mesquita
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Christopher K E Bleck
- Electron Microscopy Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James R Sellers
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Didier Cabanes
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Sousa
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal.
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11
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Mesquita FS, Ramos RS, Pugliesi G, Andrade SCS, Van Hoeck V, Langbeen A, Oliveira ML, Gonella-Diaza AM, Gasparin G, Fukumasu H, Pulz LH, Membrive CM, Coutinho LL, Binelli M. Endometrial transcriptional profiling of a bovine fertility model by Next-Generation Sequencing. Genom Data 2016; 7:26-8. [PMID: 26981354 PMCID: PMC4778601 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Studying the multitude of molecular networks and pathways that are potentially involved in a complex trait such as fertility requires an equally complex and broad strategy. Here, we used Next-Generation Sequencing for the characterization of the transcriptional signature of the bovine endometrial tissue. Periovulatory endocrine environments were manipulated to generate two distinctly different fertility phenotypes. Cycling, non-lactating, multiparous Nelore cows were manipulated to ovulate larger (> 13 mm; LF group; high fertility phenotype) or smaller (< 12 mm; SF group) follicles. As a result, greater proestrus estrogen concentrations, corpora lutea and early diestrus progesterone concentrations were also observed in LF group in comparison to SF group. Endometrial cell proliferation was estimated by the protein marker MKI67 on tissues collected 4 (D4) and 7 (D7) days after induction of ovulation. Total RNA extracts from D7 were sequenced and compared according to the transcriptional profile of each experimental group (LF versus SF). Functional enrichment analysis revealed that LF and SF endometria were asynchronous in regards to their phenotype manifestation. Major findings indicated an LF endometrium that was switching phenotypes earlier than the SF one. More specifically, a proliferating SF endometrium was observed on D7, whereas the LF tissue, which expressed a proliferative phenotype earlier at D4, seemed to have already shifted towards a biosynthetically and metabolically active endometrium on D7. Data on MKI67 support the transcriptomic results. RNA-Seq-derived transcriptional profile of the endometrial tissue indicated a temporal effect of the periovulatory endocrine environment, suggesting that the moment of the endometrial exposure to the ovarian steroids, E2 and P4, regulates the timing of phenotype manifestation. Gene expression profiling revealed molecules that may be targeted to elucidate ovarian steroid-dependent mechanisms that regulate endometrial tissue receptivity. Data was deposited in the SRA database from NCBI (SRA Experiment SRP051330) and are associated with the Bio-Project (PRJNA270391). An overview of the gene expression data has been deposited in NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and is accessible through GEO Series accession number GSE65450. Further assessment of the data in combination with other data sets exploring the transcriptional profile of the endometrial tissue during early diestrus may potentially identify novel molecular mechanisms and/or markers of the uterine receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Mesquita
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - R S Ramos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - G Pugliesi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - S C S Andrade
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Zootecnia, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - V Van Hoeck
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - A Langbeen
- University of Antwerp, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - M L Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - A M Gonella-Diaza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - G Gasparin
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Zootecnia, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - H Fukumasu
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - L H Pulz
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - C M Membrive
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Campus Experimental de Dracena, Dracena, SP, Brazil
| | - L L Coutinho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Zootecnia, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - M Binelli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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12
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Mesquita FS, Ramos RS, Pugliesi G, Andrade SCS, Van Hoeck V, Langbeen A, Oliveira ML, Gonella-Diaza AM, Gasparin G, Fukumasu H, Pulz LH, Membrive CM, Coutinho LL, Binelli M. The Receptive Endometrial Transcriptomic Signature Indicates an Earlier Shift from Proliferation to Metabolism at Early Diestrus in the Cow. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:52. [PMID: 26178716 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.129031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the endometrial transcriptome and functional pathways overrepresented in the endometrium of cows treated to ovulate larger (≥13 mm) versus smaller (≤12 mm) follicles. Nelore cows were presynchronized prior to receiving cloprostenol (large follicle [LF] group) or not (small follicle [SF] group), along with a progesterone (P4) device on Day (D) -10. Devices were withdrawn and cloprostenol administered 42-60 h (LF) or 30-36 h (SF) before GnRH agonist treatment (D0). Tissues were collected on D4 (experiment [Exp.] 1; n = 24) or D7 (Exp. 2; n = 60). Endometrial transcriptome was obtained by RNA-Seq, whereas proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Overall, LF cows developed larger follicles and corpora lutea, and produced greater amounts of estradiol (D-1, Exp. 1, SF: 0.7 ± 0.2; LF: 2.4 ± 0.2 pg/ml; D-1, Exp. 2, SF: 0.5 ± 0.1; LF: 2.3 ± 0.6 pg/ml) and P4 (D4, Exp. 1, SF: 0.8 ± 0.1; LF: 1.4 ± 0.2 ng/ml; D7, Exp. 2, SF: 2.5 ± 0.4; LF: 3.7 ± 0.4 ng/ml). Functional enrichment indicated that biosynthetic and metabolic processes were enriched in LF endometrium, whereas SF endometrium transcriptome was biased toward cell proliferation. Data also suggested reorganization of the extracellular matrix toward a proliferation-permissive phenotype in SF endometrium. LF endometrium showed an earlier onset of proliferative activity, whereas SF endometrium expressed a delayed increase in glandular epithelium proliferation. In conclusion, the periovulatory endocrine milieu regulates bovine endometrial transcriptome and seems to determine the transition from a proliferation-permissive to a biosynthetic and metabolically active endometrial phenotype, which may be associated with the preparation of an optimally receptive uterine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Mesquita
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R S Ramos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Pugliesi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S C S Andrade
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Zootecnia, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Van Hoeck
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Langbeen
- University of Antwerp, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - M L Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A M Gonella-Diaza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Gasparin
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Zootecnia, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H Fukumasu
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L H Pulz
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C M Membrive
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Campus Experimental de Dracena, Dracena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L L Coutinho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Zootecnia, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Binelli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Almeida MT, Mesquita FS, Cruz R, Osório H, Custódio R, Brito C, Vingadassalom D, Martins M, Leong JM, Holden DW, Cabanes D, Sousa S. Src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of non-muscle myosin heavy chain-IIA restricts Listeria monocytogenes cellular infection. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8383-95. [PMID: 25635050 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.591313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens often interfere with host tyrosine phosphorylation cascades to control host responses and cause infection. Given the role of tyrosine phosphorylation events in different human infections and our previous results showing the activation of the tyrosine kinase Src upon incubation of cells with Listeria monocytogenes, we searched for novel host proteins undergoing tyrosine phosphorylation upon L. monocytogenes infection. We identify the heavy chain of the non-muscle myosin IIA (NMHC-IIA) as being phosphorylated in a specific tyrosine residue in response to L. monocytogenes infection. We characterize this novel post-translational modification event and show that, upon L. monocytogenes infection, Src phosphorylates NMHC-IIA in a previously uncharacterized tyrosine residue (Tyr-158) located in its motor domain near the ATP-binding site. In addition, we found that other intracellular and extracellular bacterial pathogens trigger NMHC-IIA tyrosine phosphorylation. We demonstrate that NMHC-IIA limits intracellular levels of L. monocytogenes, and this is dependent on the phosphorylation of Tyr-158. Our data suggest a novel mechanism of regulation of NMHC-IIA activity relying on the phosphorylation of Tyr-158 by Src.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Almeida
- From the Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal, the Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal, the Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco S Mesquita
- From the Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal, the Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal, the Medical Research Council, Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College, London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rui Cruz
- From the Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal, the Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal, the Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Osório
- From the Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal, the Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, and
| | - Rafael Custódio
- From the Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal, the Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Brito
- From the Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal, the Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal, the Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Didier Vingadassalom
- the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
| | - Mariana Martins
- From the Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal, the Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - John M Leong
- the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
| | - David W Holden
- the Medical Research Council, Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College, London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Didier Cabanes
- From the Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal, the Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal,
| | - Sandra Sousa
- From the Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal, the Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal,
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14
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França MR, Mesquita FS, Lopes E, Pugliesi G, Van Hoeck V, Chiaratti MR, Membrive CB, Papa PC, Binelli M. Modulation of periovulatory endocrine profiles in beef cows: consequences for endometrial glucose transporters and uterine fluid glucose levels. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2015; 50:83-90. [PMID: 25447883 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In beef cattle, proestrus estradiol and subsequent progesterone (P4) concentrations can regulate the endometrial characteristics and thereby determine maternal receptivity toward the embryo. However, the underlying mechanisms linking periovulatory endocrine profiles to receptivity, which is crucial to obtain pregnancy, need to be elucidated. We hypothesized that the size of the preovulatory follicle (POF) and subsequent circulating P4 concentrations, during early diestrus, modulate endometrial levels of glucose transporter transcripts and proteins, and subsequently affect the luminal glucose availability in the uterus. Therefore, follicle growth of Nelore cows was manipulated, and cows were assigned to 2 experimental groups: (1) large follicle and large corpus luteum (LF-LCL) group with a large POF and corpus luteum (CL); and (2) small follicle and small corpus luteum (SF-SCL) group with a small POF and CL. At day 7 post gonadotropin-releasing hormone induced ovulation (gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment = day 0), animals were slaughtered (n = 18 per group), and uterine tissues and washings were collected for characterization of glucose transporters and glucose levels, respectively. The diameter of POF was larger (P < 0.05) in the LF-LCL cows compared with their SF-SCL counterparts (12.8 ± 0.4 vs 11.1 ± 0.4 mm). Furthermore, CL size (17.49 ± 0.88 vs 14.48 ± 0.52 mm) and circulating P4 concentrations at day 7 (4.5 ± 1.0 vs 3.3 ± 1.1 ng/mL, P < 0.05) were significantly higher in the LF-LCL cows compared with the SF-SCL cows. No differences (P > 0.05) were detected in gene expression patterns of SLC2A1, SLC2A3, SLC2A4, SLC2A5, SLC5A1, ATP1A2, ATP1B2, and SLC37A4. However, the protein abundance of endometrial SLC2A1was increased in the LF-LCL group compared with the SF-SCL group (P < 0.05). SLC2A1 and SLC2A4 protein products were mainly identified at the endometrial luminal and glandular epithelium membranes as well as in the endometrial stroma. Glucose concentrations in uterine washings were similar between groups. In conclusion, we provided information on the potential link between endocrine profiles and glucose transport pathways in the bovine endometrium. More specifically, our data reveal that the size of the POF, and subsequent P4 concentrations, do not functionally affect the main endometrial glucose transporter pathways or uterine fluid glucose concentrations during diestrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R França
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F S Mesquita
- Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - E Lopes
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Pugliesi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Van Hoeck
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M R Chiaratti
- Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C B Membrive
- College of Animal Science, University of São Paulo State, Dracena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P C Papa
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Binelli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Pugliesi G, Scolari SC, Mesquita FS, Maturana Filho M, Araújo ER, Cardoso D, Sales JN, Martin I, Sá Filho M, Bertan CM, Binelli M. Impact of probing the reproductive tract during early pregnancy on fertility of beef cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:e35-e39. [PMID: 24925165 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This short communication reports the impact of endometrial biopsies, uterine flushings and follicular fluid aspiration procedures at day 6 post artificial insemination (AI) on pregnancy rates. In Experiment 1, cows were timed AI (TAI) and assigned to the following treatment groups: control (n = 37), uterine flushing (n = 35) and endometrial biopsy (n = 38). On day 30 post AI, pregnancy rates were 40.5%, 33% and 28.5%, respectively (p > 0.1). Pregnancy rate on day 60 was lower (p < 0.004) in flushed cows than in the controls. In Experiment 2, oestrus was detected and cows were assigned to flushing (n = 32) or biopsy (n = 33) treatments 6 days after AI, which resulted in pregnancy rates of 31% and 36%, respectively (p > 0.1). In Experiment 3, cows were, 6 days after TAI, randomly assigned to the following treatments: control (n = 84) or aspiration of the largest follicle (n = 73). Pregnancy rates on day 30 post AI were 63.5% for the control group and 53% for the aspirated group (p > 0.1). In conclusion, uterine flushing and endometrial biopsy negatively affect pregnancy rates, but neither procedure can be considered to be incompatible with pregnancy maintenance. Follicular aspiration during pregnancy does not interact with pregnancy success. The amount and quality of samples obtained are compatible with the use of cellular and molecular analysis of uterine variables from cows that failed or succeeded on maintaining pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pugliesi
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - S C Scolari
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - F S Mesquita
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - M Maturana Filho
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - E R Araújo
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - D Cardoso
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Polo Regional de Desenvolvimento do Extremo Oeste, Andradina, SP, Brazil
| | - J N Sales
- Universidade Federal da Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - I Martin
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, Brazil
| | - M Sá Filho
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - C M Bertan
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Dracena, SP, Brazil
| | - M Binelli
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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16
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França MR, Mesquita FS, Binelli M. Storage of Bovine Reproductive Tissues and
RNA
Extracts on Ice for 24 h or Repeated Freeze–Thaw Cycles do not Affect
RNA
Integrity. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 49:e9-e11. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MR França
- Department of Animal Reproduction Universidade de São Paulo Pirassununga SP Brazil
| | - FS Mesquita
- Department of Animal Reproduction Universidade de São Paulo Pirassununga SP Brazil
| | - M Binelli
- Department of Animal Reproduction Universidade de São Paulo Pirassununga SP Brazil
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17
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Thomas M, Mesquita FS, Holden DW. The DUB-ious lack of ALIS in Salmonella infection: a Salmonella deubiquitinase regulates the autophagy of protein aggregates. Autophagy 2013; 8:1824-6. [PMID: 22931829 DOI: 10.4161/auto.21742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitinated aggregates are formed in eukaryotic cells in response to several external stimuli, including exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Although Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) LPS has been shown to induce aggresome-like induced structures (ALIS) in macrophages, these have not been described in S. Typhimurium-infected macrophages. Given that LPS is present in infection, this suggests that S. Typhimurium might suppress the formation of ALIS. We found that S. Typhimurium induces the formation of ubiquitinated aggregates in epithelial cells and macrophages, but that their presence is masked by the deubiquitinase (DUB) activity of the S. Typhimurium virulence protein, SseL. SseL deubiquitinates SQSTM1/p62-bound proteins found in S. Typhimurium-induced aggregates and ALIS, and reduces the recruitment of autophagic components. While the functions of ALIS and other ubiquitinated aggregates remain unclear, they serve to sequester cytosolic proteins under a variety of stress conditions and are suggested to be involved in host immune defense. During infection, the deubiquitinase activity of SseL reduces autophagic flux in infected cells and favors bacterial replication. This is a new example of how a bacterial pathogen counteracts the autophagy pathway through the action of a translocated virulence protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mair Thomas
- Section of Microbiology, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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18
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Abstract
Intracellular replication of Salmonella enterica requires effector proteins translocated across the Salmonella-containing vacuolar membrane by Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 (SPI-2) encoded type III secretion system (T3SS). The SPI-2 T3SS effector SseL is a deubiquitinase that contributes to virulence in mice. Previous work has produced conflicting evidence as to the involvement of SseL in interference with the NF-κB pathway. To attempt to clarify these discrepancies, we compared mRNA levels in mouse primary bone marrow-derived macrophages infected with wild-type or sseL mutant strains using a genome-wide microarray. There was no detectable effect of loss of SseL on mRNA levels corresponding to any known NF-κB-regulated gene. In addition, there was no effect of SseL on (i) the activation or levels of both the canonical inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway (IκBα and phospho-IκBα), and the non-canonical NF-κB precursor p100/p52, (ii) the translocation of the NF-κB transcription factor p65 to the nucleus of infected macrophages and (iii) pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. Furthermore, ectopic expression of SseL did not affect NF-κB activation in reporter cell lines. These results fail to support a role for SseL in the down-regulation of the host immune response and in particular the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco S. Mesquita
- Section of Microbiology, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Holden
- Section of Microbiology, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Rolhion
- Section of Microbiology, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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19
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Mesquita FS, Thomas M, Sachse M, Santos AJM, Figueira R, Holden DW. The Salmonella deubiquitinase SseL inhibits selective autophagy of cytosolic aggregates. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002743. [PMID: 22719249 PMCID: PMC3375275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell stress and infection promote the formation of ubiquitinated aggregates in both non-immune and immune cells. These structures are recognised by the autophagy receptor p62/sequestosome 1 and are substrates for selective autophagy. The intracellular growth of Salmonella enterica occurs in a membranous compartment, the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV), and is dependent on effectors translocated to the host cytoplasm by the Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 (SPI-2) encoded type III secretion system (T3SS). Here, we show that bacterial replication is accompanied by the formation of ubiquitinated structures in infected cells. Analysis of bacterial strains carrying mutations in genes encoding SPI-2 T3SS effectors revealed that in epithelial cells, formation of these ubiquitinated structures is dependent on SPI-2 T3SS effector translocation, but is counteracted by the SPI-2 T3SS deubiquitinase SseL. In macrophages, both SPI-2 T3SS-dependent aggregates and aggresome-like induced structures (ALIS) are deubiquitinated by SseL. In the absence of SseL activity, ubiquitinated structures are recognized by the autophagy receptor p62, which recruits LC3 and targets them for autophagic degradation. We found that SseL activity lowers autophagic flux and favours intracellular Salmonella replication. Our data therefore show that there is a host selective autophagy response to intracellular Salmonella infection, which is counteracted by the deubiquitinase SseL. Ubiquitination can target substrates to a number of fates, including autophagy, the essential cellular process that allows cells to degrade cytosolic material. Although Salmonella enterica resides in a vacuolar compartment during infection, it translocates several virulence proteins into the host cell cytoplasm. We have found that intracellular Salmonella induces the formation of ubiquitinated aggregates near the Salmonella-containing vacuole and that these aggregates are recognised by the autophagy machinery. Salmonella inhibits this response through the action of a translocated enzyme, SseL, which deubiquitinates the aggregates and thereby decreases the recruitment of autophagy markers. We show that SseL alone can deubiquitinate known substrates that are degraded by autophagy, that it reduces autophagy in infected cells and that its activity can increase intracellular Salmonella replication. This is a new example of how a bacterium counteracts a cellular defence pathway through the action of a translocated virulence protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco S. Mesquita
- Section of Microbiology, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mair Thomas
- Section of Microbiology, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - António J. M. Santos
- Section of Microbiology, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Figueira
- Section of Microbiology, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Holden
- Section of Microbiology, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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20
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Rossetti RC, Perdigão A, Mesquita FS, Sá Filho M, Nogueira GP, Machado R, Membrive CMB, Binelli M. Effects of flunixin meglumine, recombinant bovine somatotropin and/or human chorionic gonadotropin on pregnancy rates in Nelore cows. Theriogenology 2011; 76:751-8. [PMID: 21719091 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to compare pharmacological strategies aiming to inhibit prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF(2α)) synthesis (flunixin meglumine; FM), stimulate growth of the conceptus (recombinant bovine somatotropin; bST) and progesterone (P(4)) synthesis (human chorionic gonadotropin; hCG), as well as their combinations, regarding their ability to improve pregnancy rates in beef cattle. Lactating Nelore cows (N = 975), 35 to 70 days postpartum, were synchronized and inseminated by timed artificial insemination (TAI) on Day 0. On Day 7, cattle were allocated into eight groups and received one of the following treatments: saline (S) on Days 7 and 16 (Group Control); S on Day 7 and FM on Day 16 (Group FM); bST on Day 7 and S on Day 16 (Group bST); bST on Day 7 and FM on Day 16 (Group bST + FM); hCG on Day 7 and S on Day 16 (Group hCG); hCG on Day 7 and FM on Day 16 (Group hCG + FM); bST and hCG on Day 7 and S on Day 16 (Group bST + hCG), or bST and hCG on Day 7 and FM on Day 16 (Group bST + hCG + FM). The aforementioned treatments were administered at the following doses: 2.2 mg/kg FM (Banamine®; Intervet Schering-Plough, Cotia, SP, Brazil), 500 mg bST (Boostin®; Intervet Schering-Plough), and 2500 IU hCG (Chorulon®; Intervet Schering-Plough). Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 40 days after TAI by transrectal ultrasonography. Pregnancy rates were not significantly different among treatments. However, there was a main effect of hCG treatment to increase pregnancy rates (63.0 vs. 55.4%; P = 0.001). Concentrations of P(4) did not differ significantly among groups on Day 7 or on Day 16. However, consistent with the higher pregnancy rates, hCG increased P(4) concentrations on Day 16 (10.6 vs. 9.6 ng/mL, respectively; P = 0.05). We concluded that hCG treatment 7 days after TAI improved pregnancy rates of lactating Nelore cows, possibly via a mechanism leading to induction of higher P(4) concentrations, or by reducing the luteolytic stimulus during maternal recognition of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Rossetti
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Bacteria rapidly adapt to changes in growth conditions through control of transcription and specific mRNA degradation. Interplay of both mechanisms must exist in order to achieve fine-tuned regulation of gene expression. Transcription of the Escherichia coli bolA gene is mediated by the RpoS/sigmaS transcription factor in response to environmental signals. In this report it is shown that the mechanisms of bolA1p mRNA transcription and degradation are tightly connected at the onset of stationary phase and in response to sudden carbon starvation. In stationary phase, bolA1p mRNA levels were reduced 2.5-fold in a poly(A)-polymerase I (PAPI) mutant, explained by the significant threefold reduction in sigmaS protein levels in the same strain. Furthermore, fusions with the rpoS gene, analysis of the stability of sigmaS and the levels of RssB indicate that the absence of PAPI enhances RssB-mediated sigmaS proteolysis specifically in starved cells. The fact that PAPI induces higher cellular levels of a global regulator is a novel finding of wide biological significance. PAPI could work as a linker between transcription and mRNA degradation with the ultimate goal of adapting and surviving to growth-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M Santos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Apt 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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