1
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Herold NK, Gutsfeld S, Leuthold D, Wray C, Spath J, Tal T. Multi-behavioral fingerprints can identify potential modes of action for neuroactive environmental chemicals. Neurotoxicology 2025; 108:377-399. [PMID: 40354900 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2025.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2025] [Revised: 04/30/2025] [Accepted: 05/05/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
There is a lack of confidence in the relevance of zebrafish-based behavior data for chemical risk assessment. We extended an automated Visual and Acoustic Motor Response (VAMR) new approach method (NAM) in 5-day post-fertilization (dpf) zebrafish to include 26, behavior-based endpoints that measure visual-motor responses, visual and acoustic startle responses, habituation learning, and memory retention. A correlation analysis from 5159 control larvae revealed that more complex endpoints for learning- and memory-related behavior yielded unique behavior patterns. To build confidence in the VAMR NAM, we established neuroactivity fingerprints using concentration-response profiles derived from 63 reference chemicals targeting neurotransmission, neurodevelopmental signaling, or toxicologically-relevant pathways. Hierarchical clustering revealed diverse toxicity fingerprints. Compounds that targeted the N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) or gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors reduced habituation learning. Pathway modulators targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) or gamma (PPARγ), GABAA, dopamine, ryanodine, aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), or G-protein-coupled receptors or the tyrosine kinase SRC inappropriately accelerated habituation learning. Reference chemicals targeting GABAA, NMDA, dopamine, PPARα, PPARδ, epidermal growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein, AhR, retinoid X, or α2-adreno receptors triggered inappropriate hyperactivity. Exposure to GABAA receptor antagonists elicited paradoxical excitation characterized by dark-phase sedation and increased startle responses while exposure to GABAA/B receptor agonists altered the same endpoints with opposite directionality. Relative to reference chemicals, environmental chemicals known to be GABA receptor antagonists (Lindane, Dieldrine) or agonists (Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)) elicited predicted behavior fingerprints. When paired with the phenotypically rich VAMR NAM, behavior fingerprints are a powerful approach to identify neuroactive chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia K Herold
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gutsfeld
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Leuthold
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chloe Wray
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Spath
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tamara Tal
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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2
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Bunnell AA, Marshall EM, Estes SK, Deadmond MC, Loesgen S, Strother JA. Embryonic Zebrafish Irritant-evoked Hyperlocomotion (EZIH) as a high-throughput behavioral model for nociception. Behav Brain Res 2025; 485:115526. [PMID: 40057202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2025] [Accepted: 03/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025]
Abstract
Behavioral models have served a key role in understanding nociception, the sensory system by which animals detect noxious stimuli in their environment. Developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a powerful study organism for examining nociceptive pathways, given the vast array of genetic, developmental, and neuroscience tools available for these animals. However, at present there are few widely-adopted behavioral models for nociception in developing zebrafish. This study examines the locomotor response of hatching-stage zebrafish embryos to dilute solutions of the noxious chemical and TRPA1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate (AITC). At this developmental stage, AITC exposure induces a robust uniphasic hyperlocomotion response. This behavior was thoroughly characterized by determining the effects of pre-treatment with an array of pharmacological agents, including anesthetics, TRPA1 agonists/antagonists, opioids, NSAIDs, benzodiazepines, SSRIs, and SNRIs. Anesthetics suppressed the response to AITC, pre-treatment with TRPA1 agonists induced hyperlocomotion and blunted the response to subsequent AITC exposures, and TRPA1 antagonists and the opioid buprenorphine tended to reduce the response to AITC. The behavioral responses of zebrafish embryos to a noxious chemical were minimally affected by the other pharmacological agents examined. The feasibility of using this behavioral model as a screening platform for drug discovery efforts was then evaluated by assaying a library of natural product mixtures from microbial extracts and fractions. Overall, our results indicate that irritant-evoked locomotion in embryonic zebrafish is a robust behavioral model for nociception with substantial potential for examining the molecular and cellular pathways associated with nociception and for drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia A Bunnell
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, FL, United States
| | - Erin M Marshall
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, FL, United States
| | | | - Monica C Deadmond
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, FL, United States
| | - Sandra Loesgen
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, FL, United States
| | - James A Strother
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, FL, United States; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.
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3
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Galstyan DS, Kolesnikova TO, Demin KA, Dubrovskii YA, Murashko E, Kessenikh E, Ilyin NP, Ikrin AN, Moskalenko AM, de Abreu MS, Yang L, Kalueff AV. Intranasal delivery of drugs to the central nervous system of adult zebrafish. Lab Anim (NY) 2025; 54:126-132. [PMID: 40307351 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-025-01545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025]
Abstract
The small teleost zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a critically important laboratory animal in biomedicine. One of their key practical advantages, the convenient method of small-molecule administration via water immersion, has certain problems with dosing precision and drug delivery. Here, we present a simple protocol for the intranasal delivery of neuroactive drugs in adult zebrafish using arecoline and nicotine, two well-studied reference neuroactive drugs chosen for the proof of concept. Adult fish received 1 μL water solution of arecoline (1 and 10 mg/mL) or nicotine tartrate (5 and 10 mg/mL) or the same volume of drug-free water (control) into both nostrils, followed by behavioral testing in the novel tank test 5 min later. Mass spectrometry analyses confirmed that both drugs rapidly reached the zebrafish brain following intranasal administration. Intranasally administered arecoline (10 mg/mL) and nicotine (5 and 10 mg/mL) demonstrated overt behavioral profiles, evoking characteristic anxiolytic-like effects in zebrafish similar to those observed here for a standard 20-min water immersion method (10 mg/L arecoline or 30 mg/L nicotine). Overall, we showed that neuroactive drugs can be delivered to adult zebrafish intranasally to exert central effects, which may (at least for some drugs) occur faster and can need smaller drug quantities than for the water immersion delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Galstyan
- World Class Research Center for Personalized Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana O Kolesnikova
- Neuroscience Department, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius Federal Territory, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yaroslav A Dubrovskii
- World Class Research Center for Personalized Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Murashko
- World Class Research Center for Personalized Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Kessenikh
- World Class Research Center for Personalized Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikita P Ilyin
- World Class Research Center for Personalized Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksey N Ikrin
- Neuroscience Department, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius Federal Territory, Russia
| | - Anastasia M Moskalenko
- Neuroscience Department, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius Federal Territory, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
| | - Longen Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Cell Signaling, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- World Class Research Center for Personalized Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Neuroscience Department, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius Federal Territory, Russia.
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China.
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Cell Signaling, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China.
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4
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Campos-Sánchez JC, Cabrera-Álvarez MJ, Saraiva JL. Review of Fish Neuropeptides: A Novel Perspective on Animal Welfare. J Comp Neurol 2025; 533:e70029. [PMID: 40008573 DOI: 10.1002/cne.70029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are highly variable but widely conserved molecules, the main functions of which are the regulation and coordination of physiological processes and behaviors. They are synthesized in the nervous system and generally act on other neuronal and non-neuronal tissues or organs. In recent years, diverse neuropeptide isoforms and their receptors have been identified in different fish species, regulating functions in the neuroendocrine (e.g., corticotropin-releasing hormone and arginine vasotocin), immune (e.g., vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and somatostatin), digestive (e.g., neuropeptide Y), and reproductive (e.g., isotocin) systems, as well as in the commensal microbiota. Interestingly, all these processes carried out by neuropeptides are integrated into the nervous system and are manifested externally in the behavior and affective states of fish, thus having an impact on the modulation of these actions. In this sense, the monitoring of neuropeptides may represent a new approach to assess animal welfare, targeting both physiological and affective aspects in fish. Therefore, although there are many studies investigating the action of neuropeptides in a wide range of paradigms, especially in mammals, their study within a fish welfare framework is scarce. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review that gathers and integrates up-to-date information on neuropeptides from an animal welfare perspective. In this review, we summarize current findings on neuropeptides in fish and discuss their possible implication in the physiological and emotional state of fish, and therefore in their welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos Campos-Sánchez
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Fish Ethology and Welfare Group, Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Campus de Gambelas, Edificio 7, Universidade do Algarve - CCMAR/CIMAR-LA, Faro, Portugal
| | - María José Cabrera-Álvarez
- Fish Ethology and Welfare Group, Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Campus de Gambelas, Edificio 7, Universidade do Algarve - CCMAR/CIMAR-LA, Faro, Portugal
- FishEthoGroup Association, Incubadora de Empresas da Universidade do Algarve Campus de Gambelas, pavilhão B1 8005-226, Faro, Portugal
| | - Joao L Saraiva
- Fish Ethology and Welfare Group, Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Campus de Gambelas, Edificio 7, Universidade do Algarve - CCMAR/CIMAR-LA, Faro, Portugal
- FishEthoGroup Association, Incubadora de Empresas da Universidade do Algarve Campus de Gambelas, pavilhão B1 8005-226, Faro, Portugal
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5
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Millington ME, Lawrence C, Sneddon LU, Allen C. Environmental enrichment for zebrafish. Zebrafish 2024:6-52. [DOI: 10.1079/9781800629431.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2025] Open
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6
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Mocho JP. Anaesthesia, analgesia and euthanasia of zebrafish. Zebrafish 2024:427-459. [DOI: 10.1079/9781800629431.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2025] Open
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7
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Ameen-Ali KE, Allen C. The 3Rs in zebrafish research. Zebrafish 2024:225-250. [DOI: 10.1079/9781800629431.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2025] Open
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8
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Smith C. The potential of zebrafish as drug discovery research tool in immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:2219-2233. [PMID: 38926297 PMCID: PMC11300644 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) prevalence is estimated at 3-7% for Westernised populations, with annual incidence reported at almost 1 in 100 people globally. More recently, drug discovery approaches have been evolving towards more targeted therapies with an improved long-term safety profile, while the requirement for individualisation of medicine in complex conditions such as IMIDs, is acknowledged. However, existing preclinical models-such as cellular and in vivo mammalian models-are not ideal for modern drug discovery model requirements, such as real-time in vivo visualisation of drug effects, logistically feasible safety assessment over the course of a lifetime, or dynamic assessment of physiological changes during disease development. Zebrafish share high homology with humans in terms of proteins and disease-causing genes, with high conservation of physiological processes at organ, tissue, cellular and molecular level. These and other unique attributes, such as high fecundity, relative transparency and ease of genetic manipulation, positions zebrafish as the next major role player in IMID drug discovery. This review provides a brief overview of the suitability of this organism as model for human inflammatory disease and summarises the range of approaches used in zebrafish-based drug discovery research. Strengths and limitations of zebrafish as model organism, as well as important considerations in research study design, are discussed. Finally, under-utilised avenues for investigation in the IMID context are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Smith
- Experimental Medicine Group, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Parow, South Africa.
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9
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Sneddon LU, Schroeder P, Roque A, Finger-Baier K, Fleming A, Tinman S, Collet B. Pain management in zebrafish : Report from a FELASA Working Group. Lab Anim 2024; 58:261-276. [PMID: 38051824 PMCID: PMC11264547 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231198733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Empirical evidence suggests fishes meet the criteria for experiencing pain beyond a reasonable doubt and zebrafish are being increasingly used in studies of pain and nociception. Zebrafish are adopted across a wide range of experimental fields and their use is growing particularly in biomedical studies. Many laboratory procedures in zebrafish involve tissue damage and this may give rise to pain. Therefore, this FELASA Working Group reviewed the evidence for pain in zebrafish, the indicators used to assess pain and the impact of a range of drugs with pain-relieving properties. We report that there are several behavioural indicators that can be used to determine pain, including reduced activity, space use and distance travelled. Pain-relieving drugs prevent these responses, and we highlight the dose and administration route. To minimise or avoid pain, several refinements are suggested for common laboratory procedures. Finally, practical suggestions are made for the management and alleviation of pain in laboratory zebrafish, including recommendations for analgesia. Pain management is an important refinement in experimental animal use and so our report has the potential to improve zebrafish welfare during and after invasive procedures in laboratories across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne U Sneddon
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul Schroeder
- Red Kite Veterinary Consultants, 30 Upper High Street, Thame, Oxon, OX9 3EZ, UK
| | | | - Karin Finger-Baier
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (now: Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence), Department Genes – Circuits – Behaviour, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Angeleen Fleming
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Tinman
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan, Israel
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10
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Pedrazzani AS, Cozer N, Quintiliano MH, Tavares CPDS, Biernaski V, Ostrensky A. From egg to slaughter: monitoring the welfare of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, throughout their entire life cycle in aquaculture. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1268396. [PMID: 37808101 PMCID: PMC10551173 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1268396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the welfare of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) throughout their entire life cycle within aquaculture, spanning from reproduction to slaughter. The methodology was structured to identify welfare indicators closely aligned with the principles of animal freedoms defined by the Farm Animal Council, encompassing environmental, health, nutritional, behavioral, and psychological freedom. Notably, psychological freedom was inherently considered within the behavioral and physical analyses of the animals. To accomplish this, an integrative systematic literature review was conducted to define precise indicators and their corresponding reference values for each stage of tilapia cultivation. These reference values were subsequently categorized using a scoring system that assessed the deviation of each indicator from established ideal (score 1), tolerable (score 2), and critical (score 3) ranges for the welfare of the target species. Subsequently, a laboratory experiment was executed to validate the pre-selected health indicators, specifically tailored for the early life stages of tilapia. This test facilitated an assessment of the applicability of these indicators under operational conditions. Building on the insights gained from this experimentation, partial welfare indices (PWIs) were computed for each assessed freedom, culminating in the derivation of a general welfare index (GWI). Mathematical equations were employed to calculate these indices, offering a quantitative and standardized measure of welfare. This approach equips tilapia farmers and processors with the tools necessary for the continuous monitoring and enhancement of their production systems and stimulate the adoption of more sustainable and ethical practices within the tilapia farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Silvia Pedrazzani
- Wai Ora—Aquaculture and Environmental Technology Ltd., Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nathieli Cozer
- Wai Ora—Aquaculture and Environmental Technology Ltd., Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil
- Integrated Group of Aquaculture and Environmental Studies (GIA), Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Prestes dos Santos Tavares
- Wai Ora—Aquaculture and Environmental Technology Ltd., Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil
- Integrated Group of Aquaculture and Environmental Studies (GIA), Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Zoology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vilmar Biernaski
- Integrated Group of Aquaculture and Environmental Studies (GIA), Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil
| | - Antonio Ostrensky
- Wai Ora—Aquaculture and Environmental Technology Ltd., Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil
- Integrated Group of Aquaculture and Environmental Studies (GIA), Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil
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11
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Berg CC, Cox S, Mulreany L, Wolf K, Anderson K. PHARMACOKINETICS OF MELOXICAM AFTER SINGLE ORAL AND INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION IN CHINA ROCKFISH ( SEBASTES NEBULOSUS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 54:8-15. [PMID: 36971623 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish species are important for various purposes including aquaculture stock and display animals, but there are significant gaps in the medical knowledge regarding pharmacological parameters and effective pain management. Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has been studied in few teleost species and with several administration routes. However, these species were typically freshwater or euryhaline fish, and evaluation in marine species is lacking. The pharmacokinetic properties of meloxicam were determined in nine adult China rockfish (Sebastes nebulosus), presumed healthy based on physical examination and benign medical histories. Based on a pilot study, China rockfish were given 1 mg/kg meloxicam via IM injection in the epaxial musculature, and, after a 48-h washout period, 1 mg/kg meloxicam was given by PO gavage. Blood samples were collected from the caudal vein at baseline and at nine time intervals over a 48-h time period following administration of meloxicam. Plasma meloxicam concentrations were determined by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and noncompartmental analysis was performed. The mean peak plasma concentration after IM injection was 4.9 µg/ml, and the mean terminal half-life was 5.0 h. The mean peak plasma concentration after PO administration was 0.07 µg/ml. Based on these findings, IM injected meloxicam reaches plasma levels consistent with therapeutic concentrations in select mammals, and peak levels were maintained for ≤12 h. Single-dose PO administration failed to achieve similar concentrations, and clinical practicality is unknown. Further studies evaluating NSAID multidose regimes and their pharmacodynamic effects may provide additional dosing information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin C Berg
- Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium, Tacoma, WA 98407, USA,
| | - Sherry Cox
- University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | | | - Karen Wolf
- Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium, Tacoma, WA 98407, USA
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12
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Sladky KK. Treatment of Pain in Fish. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2023; 26:11-26. [PMID: 36402477 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of our current understanding of clinical analgesic use in fish. Recently, the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of several analgesic drugs for use in fish have been investigated, and the most important data indicates that μ-opioid agonist drugs (e.g, morphine) are consistently effective as analgesics across fish species. In addition, bath application of some analgesic drugs may be useful, which affords multiple methods for delivering analgesics to fish. Although few published studies of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs administered to fish show promise, we have much to learn about the analgesic efficacy of most drugs in this class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt K Sladky
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
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13
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Scott J, Grewe R, Minghetti M. Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity Testing and the RTgill-W1 Cell Line as In Vitro Models for Whole-Effluent Toxicity (WET) Testing: An In Vitro/In Vivo Comparison of Chemicals Relevant for WET Testing. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2721-2731. [PMID: 35942926 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test was compared to the fish gill cells (RTgill-W1) in vitro assay and to the fish larvae acute toxicity test to evaluate their sensitivity for whole-effluent toxicity (WET) testing. The toxicity of 12 chemicals relevant for WET testing was compared as proof of principle. The concentrations lethal to 50% of a population (LC50) of embryos were compared to those in fish larvae and to the 50% effect concentration (EC50) in RTgill-W1 cells from previous literature. Along with traditional FET endpoints (coagulation, somite development, tail detachment, and heartbeat), cardiotoxicity was evaluated for WET applicability. Heart rate was measured at LC20 and LC50 values of six subselected chemicals (Cd, Cu, Ni, ammonia, 3,4-dichloraniline, and benzalkonium chloride). In addition, the toxicity of Cd and Ni was evaluated in RTgill-W1 cells exposed in a hypoosmotic medium to evaluate the effect that osmolarity may have on metal toxicity. A significant correlation was found between the FET and larvae LC50 values but not between the RTgill-W1 EC50 and FET LC50 values. Although sensitivity to Ni and Cd was found to increase with hypoosmotic conditions for FET and RTgill-W1 cells, a correlation was only found with removal of Ni from the analysis. Hypoosmotic conditions increased sensitivity with a significant correlation between RTgill-W1 cells and larvae. Cardiotoxicity was shown in three of the five subselected chemicals (Cd, Cu, and 3,4-dichloroaniline). Overall, both in vitro alternative models have shown good predictability of toxicity in fish in vivo for WET chemicals of interest. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2721-2731. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Scott
- Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Cove Environmental, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ryan Grewe
- Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Cove Environmental, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Matteo Minghetti
- Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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14
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Good Anesthesia Practice for Fish and Other Aquatics. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091355. [PMID: 36138834 PMCID: PMC9495490 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary It is vitally important that fish and other aquatic animals are not at risk of pain, suffering, or distress when they are used in procedures. In addition, many procedures involve taking them out of water, which can be very stressful for them as many species cannot breathe out of water. Proper use of anesthesia can reduce the potential suffering for the fish. However, anesthesia must be performed skillfully to achieve the desired effect and to avoid adverse effects. This paper will focus on important factors to support vital functions in anesthetized animals and will include factors to consider before, during, and after anesthesia. I suggest that these are good anesthetic practices for aquatic animals. Abstract Fish and other aquatic animals represent a significant number of species with diverse physiology, size, and housing condition needs. Anesthesia may be necessary for several husbandry procedures as well as treatment of diseases, surgery, or experimental procedures. Choice of drugs and detailed procedures for anesthesia must be adapted to the species in question—there is no “one size fits all” solution. However, there are some basic principles that apply for good anesthetic practice of all animals. These principles include the preparations of animals, personnel, facilities and equipment, monitoring animals under anesthesia, as well as post-anesthetic care to be sure that animals are not lost in the recovery phase. Good anesthesia practice also includes the competence and commitment of personnel involved. Based on professional judgement, key factors will be the focus of this text.
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In Vitro and in Vivo Studies of the Antiparasitic Effect of Aspirin Against Dactylogyrus Extensus (Monogenea) Invasion in Carp ( Cyprinus carpio). TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF SYSTEMATICAL AND ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/trser-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aspirin is one of the most widely used medications globally as an analgesic and antipyretic drug. Aspirin use as an antiparasitic against fish parasites has never been tested. The parasite Dactylogyrus is considered a serious threat to freshwater aquaculture in relation to considerable losses. The present study is aimed to evaluate the antiparasitic effect of aspirin against Dactylogyrus extensus on Cyprinus carpio and alteration in gill histopathology. In vitro, aspirin exhibited antiparasitic activity with median effective concentration (EC50) values at one and six minutes of 8.137 g/L−1 and 1.629 g/L−1, were assessed for the first time. In vivo antiparasitic efficacy of aspirin to D. extensus was found to be 46.49%. Severe lesion profile was observed in histopathological evaluations of the gills.
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Role of the nucleoside-metabolizing enzymes on pain responses in zebrafish larvae. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 93:107109. [PMID: 35777679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is a pathway related to pain underlying mechanisms. Adenosine is a neuromodulator responsible for the regulation of multiple physiological and pathological conditions. Extensive advances have been made to understand the role of adenosine in pain regulation. Here we investigated the effects of purinergic compounds able to modulate adenosine production or catabolism on pain responses induced by Acetic Acid (AA) in zebrafish larvae. We investigated the preventive role of the ecto-5'-nucleotidase inhibitor adenosine 5'-(α,β-methylene)diphosphate (AMPCP) and adenosine deaminase inhibitor erythro-9-(2-Hydroxy-3-nonyl)-adenine (EHNA) on the AA-pain induced model. The pain responses were evaluated through exploratory and aversive behaviors in zebrafish larvae. The exploratory behavior showed a reduction in the distance covered by animals exposed to 0.0025% and 0.050% AA. The movement and acceleration were reduced when compared to control. The treatment with AMPCP or EHNA followed by AA exposure did not prevent behavioral changes induced by AA for any parameter tested. There were no changes in aversive behavior after the AA-induced pain model. After AA-induced pain, the AMP hydrolysis increased on zebrafish larvae. However, the AMPCP or EHNA exposure did not prevent changes in AMP hydrolysis induced by the AA-induced pain model in zebrafish larvae. Although AMPCP or EHNA did not show differences in the AA-induced pain model, our results revealed changes in AMP hydrolysis, suggesting the involvement of the purinergic system in zebrafish larvae pain responses.
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Mocho JP, Lang F, Valentin G, Bedu S, McKimm R, Ramos J, Saavedra Torres Y, Wheatley SE, Higgins J, Millington ME, Lundegaard PR, Chamorro Valverde R, Jenčič V, von Krogh K. A Multi-Site Assessment of Anesthetic Overdose, Hypothermic Shock, and Electrical Stunning as Methods of Euthanasia for Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Embryos and Larvae. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:546. [PMID: 35453745 PMCID: PMC9027676 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Euthanasia in zebrafish (Danio rerio) younger than 5 days post fertilization (dpf) is poorly described in the literature, and standardized protocols are lacking, most likely because larvae not capable of independent feeding are often not protected under national legislations. We assessed the euthanasia efficacy in laboratories in different countries of a one hour anesthetic overdose immersion with buffered lidocaine hydrochloride (1 g/L, with or without 50 mL/L of ethanol), buffered tricaine (1 g/L), clove oil (0.1%), benzocaine (1 g/L), or 2-phenoxyethanol (3 mL/L), as well as the efficacy of hypothermic shock (one hour immersion) and electrical stunning (for one minute), on zebrafish at <12 h post fertilization (hpf), 24 hpf, and 4 dpf. Based on the survival/recovery rates 24 h after treatment, the most effective methods were clove oil, lidocaine with ethanol, and electrical stunning. For 4 dpf larvae, signs of aversion during treatment demonstrated that all anesthetics, except lidocaine, induced aversive behavior. Therefore, the most suited euthanasic treatment was lidocaine hydrochloride 1 g/L, buffered with 2 g/L of sodium bicarbonate and mixed with 50 mL/L of ethanol, which euthanized both embryos and larvae in an efficient and stress-free manner. Electrical stunning also euthanized embryos and larvae efficiently and without signs of aversion; this method needs further assessment in other laboratories to draw firm conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Lang
- Center of PhenoGenomics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.L.); (G.V.)
| | - Guillaume Valentin
- Center of PhenoGenomics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.L.); (G.V.)
| | - Sébastien Bedu
- Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3738, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Robin McKimm
- Electro Fishing Services Ltd., Donaghadee BT21 0LN, UK;
| | - Juan Ramos
- Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | | | - Sarah E. Wheatley
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; (Y.S.T.); (S.E.W.); (J.H.); (M.E.M.)
| | - Joseph Higgins
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; (Y.S.T.); (S.E.W.); (J.H.); (M.E.M.)
| | - Mollie E. Millington
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; (Y.S.T.); (S.E.W.); (J.H.); (M.E.M.)
| | - Pia Rengtved Lundegaard
- Department of Biomedical sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1017 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Rubén Chamorro Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 36208 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Vlasta Jenčič
- Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, University of Ljubljana-Veterinary Faculty, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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18
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Gusso D, Cruz FF, Fritsch PM, da Silva Gobbo MO, Morrone FB, Bonan CD. Pannexin channel 1, P2X7 receptors, and Dimethyl Sulfoxide mediate pain responses in zebrafish. Behav Brain Res 2022; 423:113786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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de Abreu MS, Giacomini ACVV, Genario R, Demin KA, Amstislavskaya TG, Costa F, Rosemberg DB, Sneddon LU, Strekalova T, Soares MC, Kalueff AV. Understanding early-life pain and its effects on adult human and animal emotionality: Translational lessons from rodent and zebrafish models. Neurosci Lett 2022; 768:136382. [PMID: 34861343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Critical for organismal survival, pain evokes strong physiological and behavioral responses in various sentient species. Clinical and preclinical (animal) studies markedly increase our understanding of biological consequences of developmental (early-life) adversity, as well as acute and chronic pain. However, the long-term effects of early-life pain exposure on human and animal emotional responses remain poorly understood. Here, we discuss experimental models of nociception in rodents and zebrafish, and summarize mounting evidence of the role of early-life pain in shaping emotional traits later in life. We also call for further development of animal models to probe the impact of early-life pain exposure on behavioral traits, brain disorders and novel therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscreening Platform, School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA.
| | - Ana C V V Giacomini
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Genario
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medcial Research Center, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Granov Russian Scientific Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- Scientific Research Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA
| | - Fabiano Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil; Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA
| | - Lynne U Sneddon
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov 1st Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia; Department of Preventive Medicine, Maastricht Medical Center Annadal, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marta C Soares
- CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia; Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia.
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20
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Adedara IA, Costa FV, Biasuz E, Canzian J, Farombi EO, Rosemberg DB. Influence of acid-sensing ion channel blocker on behavioral responses in a zebrafish model of acute visceral pain. Behav Brain Res 2022; 416:113565. [PMID: 34499933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) play significant roles in numerous neurological and pathological conditions, including pain. Although acid-induced nociception has been characterized previously in zebrafish, the contribution of ASICs in modulating pain-like behaviors is still unknown. Here, we investigated the role of amiloride, a nonselective ASICs blocker, in the negative modulation of specific behavioral responses in a zebrafish-based model of acute visceral pain. We verified that intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL amiloride alone or vehicle did not change zebrafish behavior compared to saline-treated fish. Administration of 2.5% acetic acid (i.p.) elicited writhing-like response evidenced by the abnormal body curvature and impaired locomotion and motor activity. Attenuation of acetic acid-induced pain was verified at lower amiloride doses (0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL) whereas 1.0 and 2.0 mg/mL abolished pain-like responses. The protective effect of the highest amiloride dose tested was evident in preventing writhing-like responses and impaired locomotion and vertical activity. Collectively, amiloride antagonized abdominal writhing-like phenotype and aberrant behaviors, supporting the involvement of ASICs in a zebrafish-based model of acute visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Adedara
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Fabiano V Costa
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Biasuz
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Canzian
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA.
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21
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Cooman T, Bergeron SA, Coltogirone R, Horstick E, Arroyo L. Evaluation of fentanyl toxicity and metabolism using a zebrafish model. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:706-714. [PMID: 34647333 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The increased abuse of novel drugs has created a critical need for cheap and rapid in vivo models to understand whole organism drug-induced toxicity and metabolic impacts. One such model is zebrafish, which share many similarities to human. Assays have been developed for behavioral, toxicity, and metabolism elucidation following chemical exposure. The zebrafish model provides the advantage of assessing these parameters within a single study. Previous zebrafish studies have evaluated the behavioral effects of fentanyl, but not developmental toxicity and its relation to metabolism. In this study, we evaluate the effects of fentanyl on the development of wild-type (TL strain) zebrafish and its metabolism over 4 days. Fertilized eggs were exposed to six concentrations of fentanyl (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 50, and 100 μM) through embryo media incubated at 28-29°C. Observations included egg coagulation, somite formation, heartbeat, tail and yolk morphology, pericardial formation, and swim bladder inflation. The incubation media was analyzed for the presence of metabolites using a targeted metabolomics approach. Fentanyl concentration caused significant effects on survival and development, with notable defects to the tail, yolk, and pericardium at 50 and 100 μM. Despropionyl fentanyl (4-ANPP), β-hydroxy fentanyl, and norfentanyl were detected in zebrafish larvae. We present a single in vivo model to assess toxicity and metabolism of fentanyl exposure in a vertebrate model system. Our findings provide a foundation for further investigations into fentanyl's mechanism of action and translation to human drug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travon Cooman
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Sadie A Bergeron
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Rebecca Coltogirone
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Eric Horstick
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Luis Arroyo
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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22
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Williams A, Villamor L, Fussell J, Loveless R, Smeyne D, Philp J, Shaikh A, Sittaramane V. Discovery of Quinoline-Derived Trifluoromethyl Alcohols as Antiepileptic and Analgesic Agents That Block Sodium Channels. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100547. [PMID: 34632703 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of novel analgesic agents with high potency, low toxicity and low addictive properties remain a priority. This study aims to identify the analgesic potential of quinoline derived α-trifluoromethylated alcohols (QTA) and their mechanism of action. We synthesized and characterized several compounds of QTAs and screened them for antiepileptic and analgesic activity using zebrafish larvae in high thorough-put behavior analyses system. Toxicity and behavioral screening of 9 compounds (C1-C9) identified four candidates (C2, C3, C7 and C9) with antiepileptic properties that induces specific and reversible reduction in photomotor activity. Importantly, compounds C2 and C3 relieved the thermal pain response in zebrafish larvae indicating analgesic property. Further, using novel in vivo CoroNa green assay, we show that compounds C2 and C3 block sodium channels and reduce inflammatory sodium signals released by peripheral nerve and tissue damage. Thus, we have identified novel QTA compounds with antiepileptic and analgesic properties which could alleviate neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Williams
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA
| | - Laurie Villamor
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA
| | - Jake Fussell
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA
| | - Reid Loveless
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA
| | - Dylan Smeyne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA30460, USA
| | - Jack Philp
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA
| | - Abid Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA30460, USA
| | - Vinoth Sittaramane
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA
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23
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Sabrautzki S, Miller M, Kague E, Brielmeier M. Welfare Assessment of Adult Laboratory Zebrafish: A Practical Guide. Zebrafish 2021; 18:282-292. [PMID: 34227898 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2021.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleost fish such as Danio rerio (zebrafish) have been successfully used in biomedical research since decades. Genetically altered fish lines obtained by state-of-the-art genetic technologies are serving as well-known model organisms. In Europe, following Directive 2010/63/EU, generation, breeding, and husbandry of new genetically altered lines of laboratory animals require governmental state approval in case pain, suffering, distress, or long-lasting harm to the offspring derived by breeding of these lines cannot be excluded. The identification and assessment of pain, distress, or harm, according to a severity classification of mild, moderate, severe, or humane endpoint, became a new challenging task for all scientists, animal technicians, and veterinarians for daily work with laboratory zebrafish. In this study, we describe the performance of the assessment of welfare parameters of selected pathologic phenotypes and abnormalities frequently found in laboratory fish facilities based on veterinary, biological, and physiological aspects by using a dedicated score sheet. In a colony of zebrafish, we evaluated the frequency of genotype-independent abnormalities observed within 3 years. We give examples for severity classification and measures once an abnormality has been identified according to the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Sabrautzki
- Research Unit Comparative Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen - German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Miller
- Research Unit Comparative Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen - German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Brielmeier
- Research Unit Comparative Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen - German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
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24
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Yeung SC, Ganesan K, Wong SSC, Chung SK, Cheung CW. Characterization of acute pain-induced behavioral passivity in mice: Insights from statistical modeling. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3072-3092. [PMID: 33675141 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Affective-motivational disturbances are highly inconsistent in animal pain models. The reproducibility of the open-field test in assessing anxiety, malaise or disability remains controversial despite its popularity. While traumatic, persistent or multiregional pain models are commonly considered more effective in inducing negative affect or functional impairment, the early psychobehavioral changes before pain chronification are often underexplored. Here, we aimed to clarify the fundamental relationship between hypernociception and passive distress-like behavior using a model of transient inflammatory pain. To minimize latent confounders and increase data consistency, male C57BL/6N mice were habituated to the open-field arena 6 times before receiving the unilateral intraplantar injection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or vehicle. Open-field (40-min exploration) and nociceptive behavior were evaluated repeatedly along the course of hypernociception in both wild-type and transgenic mice with a known pronociceptive phenotype. To reduce subjectivity, multivariate open-field behavioral outcomes were analyzed by statistical modeling based on exploratory factor analyses, which yielded a 2-factor solution. Within 3 hr after PGE2 injection, mice developed significantly reduced center exploration (factor 1) and a marginally significant increase in their habituation tendency (factor 2), which were not apparent in vehicle-injected mice. The behavioral passivity generally improved as hypernociception subsided. Therefore, transient inflammatory irritation is sufficient to suppress mouse open-field exploratory activity. The apparent absence of late affective-motivational changes in some rodents with prolonged hypernociception may not imply a lack of preceding or underlying neuropsychological alterations. Procedural pain after invasive animal experiments, however small, should be assessed and adequately controlled as a potential research confounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ching Yeung
- Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kumar Ganesan
- Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stanley Sau Ching Wong
- Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sookja K Chung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Zaig S, da Silveira Scarpellini C, Montandon G. Respiratory depression and analgesia by opioid drugs in freely behaving larval zebrafish. eLife 2021; 10:63407. [PMID: 33720013 PMCID: PMC8060028 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An opioid epidemic is spreading in North America with millions of opioid overdoses annually. Opioid drugs, like fentanyl, target the mu opioid receptor system and induce potentially lethal respiratory depression. The challenge in opioid research is to find a safe pain therapy with analgesic properties but no respiratory depression. Current discoveries are limited by lack of amenable animal models to screen candidate drugs. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an emerging animal model with high reproduction and fast development, which shares remarkable similarity in their physiology and genome to mammals. However, it is unknown whether zebrafish possesses similar opioid system, respiratory and analgesic responses to opioids than mammals. In freely-behaving larval zebrafish, fentanyl depresses the rate of respiratory mandible movements and induces analgesia, effects reversed by μ-opioid receptor antagonists. Zebrafish presents evolutionary conserved mechanisms of action of opioid drugs, also found in mammals, and constitute amenable models for phenotype-based drug discovery. When it comes to treating severe pain, a doctor’s arsenal is somewhat limited: synthetic or natural opioids such as morphine, fentanyl or oxycodone are often one of the only options available to relieve patients. Yet these compounds can make breathing slower and shallower, quickly depriving the body of oxygen and causing death. This lethal side-effect is particularly devastating as opioids misuse has reached dangerously high levels in the United States, creating an ‘opioid epidemic’ which has claimed the lives of over 80,000 Americans in 2020. It is therefore crucial to find safer drugs that do not have this effect on breathing, but this research has been slowed down by the lack of animal models in which to study the effect of new compounds. Zebrafish are small freshwater fish that reproduce and develop fast, yet they are also remarkably genetically similar to mammals and feature a complex nervous system. However, it is not known whether the effect of opioids on zebrafish is comparable to mammals, and therefore whether these animals can be used to test new drugs for pain relief. To investigate this question, Zaig et al. exposed zebrafish larvae to fentanyl, showing that the fish then exhibited slower lower jaw movements – a sign of decreased breathing. The fish also could also tolerate a painful stimulus for longer, suggesting that this opioid does reduce pain in the animals. Together, these results point towards zebrafish and mammals sharing similar opioid responses, demonstrating that the fish could be used to test potential pain medications. The methods Zaig et al. have developed to establish these results could be harnessed to quickly assess large numbers of drug compounds, as well as decipher how pain emerges and can be stopped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenhab Zaig
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences. St. Michael's Hospital Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Gaspard Montandon
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences. St. Michael's Hospital Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Costa FV, Rosa LV, Quadros VA, de Abreu MS, Santos ARS, Sneddon LU, Kalueff AV, Rosemberg DB. The use of zebrafish as a non-traditional model organism in translational pain research: the knowns and the unknowns. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:476-493. [PMID: 33719974 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210311104408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the nervous system to detect a wide range of noxious stimuli is crucial to avoid life-threatening injury and to trigger protective behavioral and physiological responses. Pain represents a complex phenomenon, including nociception associated with cognitive and emotional processing. Animal experimental models have been developed to understand the mechanisms involved in pain response, as well as to discover novel pharmacological and non-pharmacological anti-pain therapies. Due to the genetic tractability, similar physiology, low cost, and rich behavioral repertoire, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been considered a powerful aquatic model for modeling pain responses. Here, we summarize the molecular machinery of zebrafish to recognize painful stimuli, as well as emphasize how zebrafish-based pain models have been successfully used to understand specific molecular, physiological, and behavioral changes following different algogens and/or noxious stimuli (e.g., acetic acid, formalin, histamine, Complete Freund's Adjuvant, cinnamaldehyde, allyl isothiocyanate, and fin clipping). We also discuss recent advances in zebrafish-based studies and outline the potential advantages and limitations of the existing models to examine the mechanisms underlying pain responses from an evolutionary and translational perspective. Finally, we outline how zebrafish models can represent emergent tools to explore pain behaviors and pain-related mood disorders, as well as to facilitate analgesic therapy screening in translational pain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano V Costa
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria RS. Brazil
| | - Luiz V Rosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria RS. Brazil
| | - Vanessa A Quadros
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria RS. Brazil
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS. Brazil
| | - Adair R S Santos
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC. Brazil
| | - Lynne U Sneddon
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg. Sweden
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg. Russian Federation
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria RS. Brazil
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27
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Campos-Sánchez JC, Esteban MÁ. Review of inflammation in fish and value of the zebrafish model. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:123-139. [PMID: 33236349 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a crucial step in the development of chronic diseases in humans. Understanding the inflammation environment and its intrinsic mechanisms when it is produced by harmful stimuli may be a key element in the development of human disease diagnosis. In recent decades, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been widely used in research, due to their exceptional characteristics, as a model of various human diseases. Interestingly, the mediators released during the inflammatory response of both the immune system and nervous system, after its integration in the hypothalamus, could also facilitate the detection of injury through the register of behavioural changes in the fish. Although there are many studies that give well-defined information separately on such elements as the recruitment of cells, the release of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators or the type of neurotransmitters released against different triggers, to the best of our knowledge there are no reviews that put all this knowledge together. In the present review, the main available information on inflammation in zebrafish is presented in order to facilitate knowledge about this important process of innate immunity, as well as the stress responses and behavioural changes derived from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos Campos-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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28
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Cleal M, Gibbon A, Fontana BD, Parker MO. The importance of pH: How aquarium water is affecting behavioural responses to drug exposure in larval zebrafish. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 199:173066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abboud C, Duveau A, Bouali-Benazzouz R, Massé K, Mattar J, Brochoire L, Fossat P, Boué-Grabot E, Hleihel W, Landry M. Animal models of pain: Diversity and benefits. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 348:108997. [PMID: 33188801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a maladaptive neurological disease that remains a major health problem. A deepening of our knowledge on mechanisms that cause pain is a prerequisite to developing novel treatments. A large variety of animal models of pain has been developed that recapitulate the diverse symptoms of different pain pathologies. These models reproduce different pain phenotypes and remain necessary to examine the multidimensional aspects of pain and understand the cellular and molecular basis underlying pain conditions. In this review, we propose an overview of animal models, from simple organisms to rodents and non-human primates and the specific traits of pain pathologies they model. We present the main behavioral tests for assessing pain and investing the underpinning mechanisms of chronic pathological pain. The validity of animal models is analysed based on their ability to mimic human clinical diseases and to predict treatment outcomes. Refine characterization of pathological phenotypes also requires to consider pain globally using specific procedures dedicated to study emotional comorbidities of pain. We discuss the limitations of pain models when research findings fail to be translated from animal models to human clinics. But we also point to some recent successes in analgesic drug development that highlight strategies for improving the predictive validity of animal models of pain. Finally, we emphasize the importance of using assortments of preclinical pain models to identify pain subtype mechanisms, and to foster the development of better analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Abboud
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Lebanon
| | - Alexia Duveau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Rabia Bouali-Benazzouz
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Karine Massé
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Joseph Mattar
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Lebanon
| | - Louison Brochoire
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascal Fossat
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Boué-Grabot
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Walid Hleihel
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Lebanon; Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Lebanon
| | - Marc Landry
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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30
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Zhao Z, Xiao Q, Tchivelekete GM, Reilly J, Jiang H, Shu X. Quantification of computational fluid dynamics simulation assists the evaluation of protection by Gypenosides in a zebrafish pain model. Physiol Behav 2020; 229:113223. [PMID: 33127465 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, due to its rapid reproduction rate and the similarity of its genetic structure to that of human, the zebrafish has been widely used as a pain model to study chemical influences on behavior. Swimming behaviors are mediated by motoneurons in the spinal cord that drive muscle contractions, therefore a knowledge of internal muscle mechanics can assist the understanding of the effects of drugs on swimming activity. To demonstrate that the technique used in our study can supplement biological observations by quantifying the contribution of muscle effects to altered swimming behaviours, we have evaluated the pain/damage caused by 0.1% acetic acid to the muscle of 5 dpf zebrafish larvae and the effect of protection from this pain/damage with the saponin Gypenosides (GYP) extracted from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. We have quantified the parameters related to muscle such as muscle power and the resultant hydrodynamic force, proving that GYP could alleviate the detrimental effect of acetic acid on zebrafish larvae, in the form of alleviation from swimming debility, and that the muscle status could be quantified to represent the degree of muscle damage due to the acetic acid and the recovery due to GYP. We have also linked the behavioral changes to alteration of antioxidant and inflammation gene expression. The above results provide novel insights into the reasons for pain-related behavioral changes in fish larvae, especially from an internal muscle perspective, and have quantified these changes to help understand the protection of swimming behaviors and internal muscle by GYP from acetic acid-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkai Zhao
- Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean, and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0LZ, UK
| | - Qing Xiao
- Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean, and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0LZ, UK.
| | - Gabriel Mbuta Tchivelekete
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - James Reilly
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Huirong Jiang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Xinhua Shu
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom; Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, P. R. China.
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31
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Zanandrea R, Bonan CD, Campos MM. Zebrafish as a model for inflammation and drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:2201-2211. [PMID: 33035664 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish is a small teleost (bony) fish used in many areas of pharmacology and toxicology. This animal model has advantages for the discovery of anti-inflammatory drugs, such as the potential for real-time assessment of cell migration mechanisms. Additionally, zebrafish display a repertoire of inflammatory cells, mediators, and receptors that are similar to those in mammals, including humans. Inflammatory disease modeling in either larvae or adult zebrafish represents a promising tool for the screening of new anti-inflammatory compounds, contributing to our understanding of the mechanisms involved in chronic inflammatory conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of the characterization of inflammatory responses in zebrafish, emphasizing its relevance for drug discovery in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Zanandrea
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla D Bonan
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria M Campos
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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32
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Silva FCO, de Menezes JESA, Ferreira MKA, da Silva AW, Holanda CLA, Dos Reis Lima J, Campos AR, Evaristo FFV, Teixeira EH, Magalhães FEA, Bandeira PN, Dos Santos HS. Antinociceptive activity of 3β-6β-16β-trihydroxylup-20 (29)-ene triterpene isolated from Combretum leprosum leaves in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:362-367. [PMID: 32962857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Drugs used to treat pain are associated with adverse effects, increasing the search for new drugs as an alternative treatment for pain. Therefore, we evaluated the antinociceptive behavior and possible neuromodulation mechanisms of triterpene 3β, 6β, 16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (CLF-1) isolated from Combretum leprosum leaves in zebrafish. Zebrafish (n = 6/group) were pretreated with CLF-1 (0.1 or 0.3 or 1.0 mg/mL; i.p.) and underwent nociception behavior tests. The antinociceptive effect of CFL-1 was tested for modulation by opioid (naloxone), nitrergic (L-NAME), nitric oxide and guanylate cyclase synthesis inhibitor (methylene blue), NMDA (Ketamine), TRPV1 (ruthenium red), TRPA1 (camphor), or ASIC (amiloride) antagonists. The corneal antinociceptive effect of CFL-1 was tested for modulation by TRPV1 (capsazepine). The effect of CFL-1 on zebrafish locomotor behavior was evaluated with the open field test. The acute toxicity study was conducted. CLF-1 reduced nociceptive behavior and corneal in zebrafish without mortalities and without altering the animals' locomotion. Thus, CFL-1 presenting pharmacological potential for the treatment of acute pain and corneal pain, and this effect is modulated by the opioids, nitrergic system, NMDA receptors and TRP and ASIC channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Crislândia Oliveira Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jane Eire Silva Alencar de Menezes
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Kueirislene Amâncio Ferreira
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Antonio Wlisses da Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carlos Leone Alves Holanda
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Joyce Dos Reis Lima
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Adriana Rolim Campos
- Universidade de Fortaleza, Núcleo de Biologia Experimental (NUBEX), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Holanda Teixeira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas (LIBS), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Francisco Ernani Alves Magalhães
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade de Fortaleza, Núcleo de Biologia Experimental (NUBEX), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Bioprospecção de Produtos Naturais e Biotecnologia, Tauá, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nogueira Bandeira
- Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Curso de Química, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade Regional do Cariri, Departamento de Química Biológica, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Hélcio Silva Dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Curso de Química, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade Regional do Cariri, Departamento de Química Biológica, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.
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Thomson JS, Deakin AG, Cossins AR, Spencer JW, Young IS, Sneddon LU. Acute and chronic stress prevents responses to pain in zebrafish: evidence for stress-induced analgesia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:223/14/jeb224527. [PMID: 32699156 PMCID: PMC7391404 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.224527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The state of an animal prior to the application of a noxious stimulus can have a profound effect on their nociceptive threshold and subsequent behaviour. In mammals, the presence of acute stress preceding a painful event can have an analgesic effect whereas the presence of chronic stress can result in hyperalgesia. While considerable research has been conducted on the ability of stress to modulate mammalian responses to pain, relatively little is known about fish. This is of particular concern given that zebrafish (Danio rerio) are an extensively used model organism subject to a wide array of invasive procedures where the level of stress prior to experimentation could pose a major confounding factor. This study, therefore, investigated the impact of both acute and chronic stress on the behaviour of zebrafish subjected to a potentially painful laboratory procedure, the fin clip. In stress-free individuals, those subjected to the fin clip spent more time in the bottom of the tank, had reduced swimming speeds and less complex swimming trajectories; however, these behavioural changes were absent in fin-clipped fish that were first subject to either chronic or acute stress, suggesting the possibility of stress-induced analgesia (SIA). To test this, the opioid antagonist naloxone was administered to fish prior to the application of both the stress and fin-clip procedure. After naloxone, acutely stressed fin-clipped zebrafish exhibited the same behaviours as stress-free fin-clipped fish. This indicates the presence of SIA and the importance of opioid signalling in this mechanism. As stress reduced nociceptive responses in zebrafish, this demonstrates the potential for an endogenous analgesic system akin to the mammalian system. Future studies should delineate the neurobiological basis of stress-induced analgesia in fish. Summary: Exposure of zebrafish to acute or chronic stress prior to fin clipping prevents behavioural changes normally seen after fin clip; naloxone treatment prevented this effect, demonstrating stress-induced analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack S Thomson
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK
| | - Anthony G Deakin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK.,Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Andrew R Cossins
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Joseph W Spencer
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK
| | - Iain S Young
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Lynne U Sneddon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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Sivalingam M, Ogawa S, Parhar IS. Mapping of Morphine-Induced OPRM1 Gene Expression Pattern in the Adult Zebrafish Brain. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:5. [PMID: 32153369 PMCID: PMC7044135 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine is a potent analgesic opiate commonly used in treating pain, and it is also a substance of abuse and highly addictive. Hence, it is vital to discover the action sites of morphine in the brain to increase its efficacy of treatment. In the present study, we aimed at identifying comprehensive neuroanatomical locations that are sensitive to morphine in the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). We performed in situ hybridization to localize the mu opioid receptor (oprm1) gene and to map the morphine sensitive brain areas using neuronal PAS domain-containing protein 4a (npas4a), an early gene marker. Real-time PCR was used to detect changes in mRNA levels of oprm1 and npas4a in control and acute morphine treated fish (2 mg/L; 20 min). Intense positive oprm1 signals were seen in the telencephalon, preoptic area, habenula, hypothalamic area and periventricular gray zone of the optic tectum. Acute morphine exposure significantly increased oprm1 and npas4a mRNA levels in the medial zone of dorsal telencephalon (Dm), ventral region of the ventral telencephalon (Vv), preoptic area, and in the hypothalamus but a decrease in oprm1 and npas4a signals in the dorsal habenula. This study provides a detailed map of oprm1 localization in the brain, which includes previously unreported oprm1 in the habenula of teleost. Presence of oprm1 in multiple brain sites implies multiple action targets of morphine and potential brain functions which could include reward, cognitive and negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mageswary Sivalingam
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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Abstract
This paper is the fortieth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2017 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug abuse and alcohol (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, CUNY, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY, 11367, United States.
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Zhao Z, Li G, Xiao Q, Jiang HR, Tchivelekete GM, Shu X, Liu H. Quantification of the influence of drugs on zebrafish larvae swimming kinematics and energetics. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8374. [PMID: 31938582 PMCID: PMC6954687 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of zebrafish larvae has aroused wide interest in the medical field for its potential role in the development of new therapies. The larvae grow extremely quickly and the embryos are nearly transparent which allows easy examination of its internal structures using fluorescent imaging techniques. Medical treatment of zebrafish larvae can directly influence its swimming behaviours. These behaviour changes are related to functional changes of central nervous system and transformations of the zebrafish body such as muscle mechanical power and force variation, which cannot be measured directly by pure experiment observation. To quantify the influence of drugs on zebrafish larvae swimming behaviours and energetics, we have developed a novel methodology to exploit intravital changes based on observed zebrafish locomotion. Specifically, by using an in-house MATLAB code to process the recorded live zebrafish swimming video, the kinematic locomotion equation of a 3D zebrafish larvae was obtained, and a customised Computational Fluid Dynamics tool was used to solve the fluid flow around the fish model which was geometrically the same as experimentally tested zebrafish. The developed methodology was firstly verified against experiment, and further applied to quantify the fish internal body force, torque and power consumption associated with a group of normal zebrafish larvae vs. those immersed in acetic acid and two neuroactive drugs. As indicated by our results, zebrafish larvae immersed in 0.01% acetic acid display approximately 30% higher hydrodynamic power and 10% higher cost of transport than control group. In addition, 500 μM diphenylhydantoin significantly decreases the locomotion activity for approximately 50% lower hydrodynamic power, whereas 100 mg/L yohimbine has not caused any significant influences on 5 dpf zebrafish larvae locomotion. The approach has potential to evaluate the influence of drugs on the aquatic animal’s behaviour changes and thus support the development of new analgesic and neuroactive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkai Zhao
- Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean, and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Mathematical Science and Advanced Technology, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama-City, Japan
| | - Qing Xiao
- Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean, and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hui-Rong Jiang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Xinhua Shu
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hao Liu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Gallardo-Rodríguez J, Astuya-Villalón A, Avello V, Llanos-Rivera A, Krock B, Agurto-Muñoz C, Sánchez-Mirón A, García-Camacho F. Production of extracts with anaesthetic activity from the culture of Heterosigma akashiwo in pilot-scale photobioreactors. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Message R, Greenhough B. "But It's Just a Fish": Understanding the Challenges of Applying the 3Rs in Laboratory Aquariums in the UK. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E1075. [PMID: 31816968 PMCID: PMC6940918 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adopting a social science perspective and qualitative methodology on the problem of laboratory fish welfare, this paper examines some underlying social factors and drivers that influence thinking, priorities and implementation of fish welfare initiatives and the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) for fish. Drawing on original qualitative interviews with stakeholders, animal technologists and scientists who work with fish-especially zebrafish-to illustrate the case, this paper explores some key social factors influencing the take up of the 3Rs in this context. Our findings suggest the relevance of factors including ambient cultural perceptions of fish, disagreements about the evidence on fish pain and suffering, the discourse of regulators, and the experiences of scientists and animal technologists who develop and put the 3Rs into practice. The discussion is focused on the UK context, although the main themes will be pertinent around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Message
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK;
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Abstract
In order to survive, animals must avoid injury and be able to detect potentially damaging stimuli via nociceptive mechanisms. If the injury is accompanied by a negative affective component, future behaviour should be altered and one can conclude the animal experienced the discomfort associated with pain. Fishes are the most successful vertebrate group when considering the number of species that have filled a variety of aquatic niches. The empirical evidence for nociception in fishes from the underlying molecular biology, neurobiology and anatomy of nociceptors through to whole animal behavioural responses is reviewed to demonstrate the evolutionary conservation of nociception and pain from invertebrates to vertebrates. Studies in fish have shown that the biology of the nociceptive system is strikingly similar to that found in mammals. Further, potentially painful events result in behavioural and physiological changes such as reduced activity, guarding behaviour, suspension of normal behaviour, increased ventilation rate and abnormal behaviours which are all prevented by the use of pain-relieving drugs. Fish also perform competing tasks less well when treated with a putative painful stimulus. Therefore, there is ample evidence to demonstrate that it is highly likely that fish experience pain and that pain-related behavioural changes are conserved across vertebrates. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Evolution of mechanisms and behaviour important for pain'.
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Williams CJA, James LE, Bertelsen MF, Wang T. Analgesia for non-mammalian vertebrates. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Thomson JS, Al-Temeemy AA, Isted H, Spencer JW, Sneddon LU. Assessment of behaviour in groups of zebrafish (Danio rerio) using an intelligent software monitoring tool, the chromatic fish analyser. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 328:108433. [PMID: 31520651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are an increasingly popular model species within a variety of biomedical and neurobiological contexts. Researchers are required to prevent any negative states, such as pain, when using experimental animals to optimise fish welfare but analysis tools for zebrafish are lacking. NEW METHOD The chromatic fish analyser (CFA) is a computer-based monitoring system that has the potential to identify changes in fish behaviour via spatial chromatic analysis of video images. The CFA was used to monitor the behaviour of groups of six fish, where none, one, three or six fish were given a fin clip. Additionally a drug with pain-relieving properties, lidocaine, was administered to determine if this ameliorated any alterations in behaviour. The CFA measured hue horizontally and vertically reflecting the position of the fish in their tank. Saturation (indicates clustering distribution) and lightness were measured to reflect overall zebrafish activity. RESULTS Changes in vertical hue demonstrated that all fin clipped animals were closer to the bottom of the tank relative to pre-treatment; this was not observed in control groups, and was alleviated in those treated with lidocaine. Saturation (clustering) and lightness alterations indicated fin clipped groups reduced activity after receiving the fin clip. Lidocaine was effective in preventing the behavioural changes when 1 or 3 fish were clipped. CONCLUSIONS The CFA proved powerful enough to identify significant changes in behaviour taken directly from video images. With further development this monitoring tool represents a step forward in detecting behavioural changes in groups of zebrafish indicating welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack S Thomson
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
| | - Ali A Al-Temeemy
- Department of Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK
| | - Helen Isted
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Joseph W Spencer
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK
| | - Lynne U Sneddon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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Félix L, Coimbra AM, Valentim AM, Antunes L. Review on the use of zebrafish embryos to study the effects of anesthetics during early development. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:357-370. [PMID: 31314655 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1617236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, the potential toxicity of anesthetics has raised serious concerns about its safe use during pregnancy. As evidence emerged from research in animal models, showing that some anesthetic drugs are potential teratogenic, the determination of the risk of exposures to anesthetic drugs at early life stages became mandatory. However, due to inaccessibility and ethical constrains related to experimental conditions, the use of early life stages in mammalian models is limited. In this regard, some animal and nonanimal models have been suggested to surpass mammalian use in experimentation. Among them, the zebrafish embryo test has been recognized as a promising alternative in toxicology research, as well as an inexpensive and practical test. Substantial information collected from developmental research following compounds exposure, has contributed to the application of zebrafish assays in research, although only a few studies have focused on the use of early life stages of zebrafish to evaluate the developmental effects of anesthetics. Based on the recent advances of science and technology, there is a clear potential for zebrafish early life stages to provide new insights into anesthetics teratogenicity. This review provides an overview of recent anesthesia research using zebrafish embryos, demonstrating its usefulness to the anesthesia field, discussing the recent findings on various aspects related to the effects of anesthetics during early life development and the strengths and limitations of this model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Félix
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Laboratory Animal Science, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real , Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Coimbra
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real , Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Valentim
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Laboratory Animal Science, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real , Portugal
| | - Luís Antunes
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Laboratory Animal Science, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real , Portugal
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Deakin AG, Buckley J, AlZu'bi HS, Cossins AR, Spencer JW, Al'Nuaimy W, Young IS, Thomson JS, Sneddon LU. Automated monitoring of behaviour in zebrafish after invasive procedures. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9042. [PMID: 31227751 PMCID: PMC6588586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish are used in a variety of experimental contexts often in high numbers. To maintain their welfare and ensure valid results during invasive procedures it is vital that we can detect subtle changes in behaviour that may allow us to intervene to provide pain-relief. Therefore, an automated method, the Fish Behaviour Index (FBI), was devised and used for testing the impact of laboratory procedures and efficacy of analgesic drugs in the model species, the zebrafish. Cameras with tracking software were used to visually track and quantify female zebrafish behaviour in real time after a number of laboratory procedures including fin clipping, PIT tagging, and nociceptor excitation via injection of acetic acid subcutaneously. The FBI was derived from activity and distance swum measured before and after these procedures compared with control and sham groups. Further, the efficacy of a range of drugs with analgesic properties to identify efficacy of these agents was explored. Lidocaine (5 mg/L), flunixin (8 mg/L) and morphine (48 mg/L) prevented the associated reduction in activity and distance swum after fin clipping. From an ethical perspective, the FBI represents a significant refinement in the use of zebrafish and could be adopted across a wide range of biological disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G Deakin
- Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.,Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Integrative Biology, The BioScience Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jonathan Buckley
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Integrative Biology, The BioScience Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Hamzah S AlZu'bi
- Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Andrew R Cossins
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, The BioScience Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Joseph W Spencer
- Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Waleed Al'Nuaimy
- Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Iain S Young
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, The BioScience Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jack S Thomson
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Nicholson Building, Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
| | - Lynne U Sneddon
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Integrative Biology, The BioScience Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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Sneddon LU. Where to draw the line? Should the age of protection for zebrafish be lowered? Altern Lab Anim 2019; 46:309-311. [PMID: 30657327 DOI: 10.1177/026119291804600605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are not protected by legislation in many countries until they reach the first feed stage, typically at five days post-fertilisation. If they exhibit similar responses to adults when responding to pain and other stimuli should they be given more protection?
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Sloman KA, Bouyoucos IA, Brooks EJ, Sneddon LU. Ethical considerations in fish research. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 94:556-577. [PMID: 30838660 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fishes are used in a wide range of scientific studies, from conservation research with potential benefits to the species used to biomedical research with potential human benefits. Fish research can take place in both laboratories and field environments and methods used represent a continuum from non-invasive observations, handling, through to experimental manipulation. While some countries have legislation or guidance regarding the use of fish in research, many do not and there exists a diversity of scientific opinions on the sentience of fish and how we determine welfare. Nevertheless, there is a growing pressure on the scientific community to take more responsibility for the animals they work with through maximising the benefits of their research to humans or animals while minimising welfare or survival costs to their study animals. In this review, we focus primarily on the refinement of common methods used in fish research based on emerging knowledge with the aim of improving the welfare of fish used in scientific studies. We consider the use of anaesthetics and analgesics and how we mark individuals for identification purposes. We highlight the main ethical concerns facing researchers in both laboratory and field environments and identify areas that need urgent future research. We hope that this review will help inform those who wish to refine their ethical practices and stimulate thought among fish researchers for further avenues of refinement. Improved ethics and welfare of fishes will inevitably lead to increased scientific rigour and is in the best interests of both fishes and scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Sloman
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - Ian A Bouyoucos
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Edward J Brooks
- Cape Eleuthera Island School, Rock Sound, Eleuthera, The Bahamas
| | - Lynne U Sneddon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Welfare Challenges Influence the Complexity of Movement: Fractal Analysis of Behaviour in Zebrafish. FISHES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes4010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability to assess welfare is an important refinement that will ensure the good condition of animals used in experimentation. The present study investigated the impact of invasive procedures on the patterns of movement of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Recordings were made before and after fin clipping, PIT tagging and a standard pain test and these were compared with control and sham handled zebrafish. The fractal dimension (FD) from the 3D trajectories was calculated to determine the effect of these treatments on the complexity of movement patterns. While the FD of zebrafish trajectories did not differ over time in either the control or sham group, the FDs of the treatment groups reduced in complexity. The FD of fish injected with different strengths of acetic acid declined in a dose-dependent manner allowing us to develop an arbitrary scale of severity of the treatments. The 3D trajectory plots from some groups indicated the presence of repetitive swimming patterns akin to stereotypical movements. When administered with lidocaine, which has analgesic properties, the movement complexity of fin clipped fish reverted to a pattern that resembled that of control fish. Fractal analysis of zebrafish locomotion could potentially be adopted as a tool for fish welfare assessment.
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Bao W, Volgin AD, Alpyshov ET, Friend AJ, Strekalova TV, de Abreu MS, Collins C, Amstislavskaya TG, Demin KA, Kalueff AV. Opioid Neurobiology, Neurogenetics and Neuropharmacology in Zebrafish. Neuroscience 2019; 404:218-232. [PMID: 30710667 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of medicinal use and abuse of opioids, their neurobiology and mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Experimental (animal) models are critical for improving our understanding of opioid effects in vivo. As zebrafish (Danio rerio) are increasingly utilized as a powerful model organism in neuroscience research, mounting evidence suggests these fish as a useful tool to study opioid neurobiology. Here, we discuss the zebrafish opioid system with specific focus on opioid gene expression, existing genetic models, as well as its pharmacological and developmental regulation. As many human brain diseases involve pain and aberrant reward, we also summarize zebrafish models relevant to opioid regulation of pain and addiction, including evidence of functional interplay between the opioid system and central dopaminergic and other neurotransmitter mechanisms. Additionally, we critically evaluate the limitations of zebrafish models for translational opioid research and emphasize their developing utility for improving our understanding of evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of pain-related, addictive, affective and other behaviors, as well as for fostering opioid-related drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandong Bao
- School of Pharmacy and School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Andrey D Volgin
- Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Erik T Alpyshov
- School of Pharmacy and School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ashton J Friend
- Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tatyana V Strekalova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology and Department of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia; Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium, New Orleans, LA, USA; Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Christopher Collins
- ZENEREI Research Center, Slidell, LA, USA; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy and School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia; Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Pesochny, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; ZENEREI Research Center, Slidell, LA, USA; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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do Amaral DF, Montalvão MF, de Oliveira Mendes B, da Costa Araújo AP, de Lima Rodrigues AS, Malafaia G. Sub-lethal effects induced by a mixture of different pharmaceutical drugs in predicted environmentally relevant concentrations on Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802) (Anura, ranidae) tadpoles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:600-616. [PMID: 30411290 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The increasing consumption of medications by humans has negative effects such as the increased disposal of these compounds in the environment. Little is known about how the disposal of a "drug mix" (DM) in aquatic ecosystems can affect their biota. Thus, we evaluated whether the exposure of Lithobates casteibeianus tadpoles to a DM composed of different medication classes (antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, anxiolytic, analgesic, and antacid drugs)-at environmentally relevant concentrations-may change their oral morphology, trigger behavioral disorders, and have mutagenic effects on erythrocyte cells. Based on our data, animals exposed to the DM showed changes in mandibular sheath pigmentation, dentition, and swimming activity, as well as atypical behavior in the social aggregation test [with co-specific and interspecific (Physalaemus cuvieri) individuals] and antipredatory defensive response deficit (chemical stimulus from Odonata larvae), after 15 exposure days. The mutagenic analysis revealed higher frequency of nuclear abnormalities in the erythrocytes of tadpoles exposed to the DM (e.g., multilobulated, blebbed, kidney-shaped, notched nucleus, binuclear, and micronucleated erythrocytes). Given the chemical complexity of the DM, we assumed that several organic functions may have been affected, either by the isolated, synergistic, antagonistic, or additive action of DM compounds. Finally, our study confirms the toxicological potential of DM in L. catesbeianus tadpoles, with emphasis to impacts that can affect the fitness of individuals and their natural populations. Thus, we suggest that more attention should be given to the disposal of medications in the environment and reinforce the need of improving water and sewage treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Ferreira do Amaral
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources - Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Mateus Flores Montalvão
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources - Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Bruna de Oliveira Mendes
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources - Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pereira da Costa Araújo
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources - Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Aline Sueli de Lima Rodrigues
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources - Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
- Biologigal Sciences Department, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources - Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
- Biologigal Sciences Department, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5 km, Zona Rural, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
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de Abreu MS, Giacomini AC, dos Santos BE, Genario R, Marchiori NI, Rosa LGD, Kalueff AV. Effects of lidocaine on adult zebrafish behavior and brain acetylcholinesterase following peripheral and systemic administration. Neurosci Lett 2019; 692:181-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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