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Liu M, Yang M, Wan X, Tang Z, Jiang L, Wang S. From Nanoscopic to Macroscopic Materials by Stimuli-Responsive Nanoparticle Aggregation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208995. [PMID: 36409139 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive nanoparticle (NP) aggregation plays an increasingly important role in regulating NP assembly into microscopic superstructures, macroscopic 2D, and 3D functional materials. Diverse external stimuli are widely used to adjust the aggregation of responsive NPs, such as light, temperature, pH, electric, and magnetic fields. Many unique structures based on responsive NPs are constructed including disordered aggregates, ordered superlattices, structural droplets, colloidosomes, and bulk solids. In this review, the strategies for NP aggregation by external stimuli, and their recent progress ranging from nanoscale aggregates, microscale superstructures to macroscale bulk materials along the length scales as well as their applications are summarized. The future opportunities and challenges for designing functional materials through NP aggregation at different length scales are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Man Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xizi Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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2
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Tamori M, Yamada A. Possible Mechanisms of Stiffness Changes Induced by Stiffeners and Softeners in Catch Connective Tissue of Echinoderms. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030140. [PMID: 36976189 PMCID: PMC10053443 DOI: 10.3390/md21030140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The catch connective, or mutable collagenous, tissue of echinoderms changes its mechanical properties in response to stimulation. The body wall dermis of sea cucumbers is a typical catch connective tissue. The dermis assumes three mechanical states: soft, standard, and stiff. Proteins that change the mechanical properties have been purified from the dermis. Tensilin and the novel stiffening factor are involved in the soft to standard and standard to stiff transitions, respectively. Softenin softens the dermis in the standard state. Tensilin and softenin work directly on the extracellular matrix (ECM). This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding such stiffeners and softeners. Attention is also given to the genes of tensilin and its related proteins in echinoderms. In addition, we provide information on the morphological changes of the ECM associated with the stiffness change of the dermis. Ultrastructural study suggests that tensilin induces an increase in the cohesive forces with the lateral fusion of collagen subfibrils in the soft to standard transition, that crossbridge formation between fibrils occurs in both the soft to standard and standard to stiff transitions, and that the bond which accompanies water exudation produces the stiff dermis from the standard state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Tamori
- School of Life Science and Technology, W3-42, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Akira Yamada
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1, Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
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3
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Li W, Guan Q, Li M, Saiz E, Hou X. Nature's strategy to construct tough responsive hydrogel actuators and their applications. Prog Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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Abstract
In contrast to conventional hard actuators, soft actuators offer many vivid advantages, such as improved flexibility, adaptability, and reconfigurability, which are intrinsic to living systems. These properties make them particularly promising for different applications, including soft electronics, surgery, drug delivery, artificial organs, or prosthesis. The additional degree of freedom for soft actuatoric devices can be provided through the use of intelligent materials, which are able to change their structure, macroscopic properties, and shape under the influence of external signals. The use of such intelligent materials allows a substantial reduction of a device's size, which enables a number of applications that cannot be realized by externally powered systems. This review aims to provide an overview of the properties of intelligent synthetic and living/natural materials used for the fabrication of soft robotic devices. We discuss basic physical/chemical properties of the main kinds of materials (elastomers, gels, shape memory polymers and gels, liquid crystalline elastomers, semicrystalline ferroelectric polymers, gels and hydrogels, other swelling polymers, materials with volume change during melting/crystallization, materials with tunable mechanical properties, and living and naturally derived materials), how they are related to actuation and soft robotic application, and effects of micro/macro structures on shape transformation, fabrication methods, and we highlight selected applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Apsite
- Faculty of Engineering Science, Department of Biofabrication, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sahar Salehi
- Department of Biomaterials, Center of Energy Technology und Materials Science, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Leonid Ionov
- Faculty of Engineering Science, Department of Biofabrication, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.,Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Lefevre M, Ederth T, Masai T, Wattiez R, Leclère P, Flammang P, Hennebert E. Disentangling the Roles of Functional Domains in the Aggregation and Adsorption of the Multimodular Sea Star Adhesive Protein Sfp1. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:724-735. [PMID: 34528162 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sea stars can adhere to various underwater substrata using an adhesive secretion of which Sfp1 is a major component. Sfp1 is a multimodular protein composed of four subunits (Sfp1 Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Gamma) displaying different functional domains. We recombinantly produced two fragments of Sfp1 comprising most of its functional domains: the C-terminal part of the Beta subunit (rSfp1 Beta C-term) and the Delta subunit (rSfp1 Delta). Surface plasmon resonance analyses of protein adsorption onto different model surfaces showed that rSfp1 Beta C-term exhibits a significantly higher adsorption than the fibrinogen control on hydrophobic, hydrophilic protein-resistant, and charged self-assembled monolayers, while rSfp1 Delta adsorbed more on negatively charged and on protein-resistant surfaces compared to fibrinogen. Truncated recombinant rSfp1 Beta C-term proteins were produced in order to investigate the role of the different functional domains in the adsorption of this protein. The analysis of their adsorption capacities on glass showed that two mechanisms are involved in rSfp1 Beta C-term adsorption: (1) one mediated by the EGF-like domain and involving Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, and (2) one mediated by the sequence of Sfp1 Beta with no homology with known functional domain in databases, in the presence of Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Lefevre
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000, Mons, Belgium
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center for Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Research Institute for Materials, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Thomas Ederth
- Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Thibault Masai
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Microbiology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Philippe Leclère
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center for Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Research Institute for Materials, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Patrick Flammang
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Elise Hennebert
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000, Mons, Belgium.
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Quan H, Pirosa A, Yang W, Ritchie RO, Meyers MA. Hydration-induced reversible deformation of the pine cone. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:370-383. [PMID: 33964479 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The scales of pine cones undergo reversible deformation due to hydration changes in order to optimize seed dispersal. This improves the survivability of the pine. The reversible flexing of the scales is caused by two tissue layers arranged in a sandwich configuration: a layer composed of sclereid cells and a sclerenchyma layer. They expand differentially upon hydration (and contract upon dehydration) due to differences in the structure that are analyzed here for Torrey pine (Pinustorreyana) cones. In addition to this well-known mechanism by which the cellulose microfibrils in the scales vary their angle with the wood cell axis, we confirm the presence of a porosity gradient in the sclereid cells and calculate, using a model consisting of three layers, the stresses generated upon dehydration taking into account the effect of hydration on the elastic modulus. Our quantitative analysis reveals that this gradient structure can significantly decrease the stress concentrations due to the mismatch between the two layers, and show that this is an ingenious design to increase the interfacial toughness to improve the robustness of pine cone scales. We also show that each individual layer of sclereid cells and sclerenchyma fibers undergoes bending when hydrated separately, and suggest that the two layers operate synergistically to effect the required deformation for seed release. A synthetic bioinspired analog consisting of hydrogels with different porosities is used to confirm this principal actuation mechanism. These findings may inspire the materials science and mechanical engineering communities to develop more robust, biocompatible and energy-efficient actuation systems. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Some biological structures can exhibit reversible deformation enabled by water inflow and outflow of their structure. We analyse the reversible motion of pine cone scales. The dehydration produces their flexure and opening, resulting in the release of seeds and their dispersal, when conditions are right. This process is reversible, and rehydration of the pine cone recloses the scales. The processes of flexing and straightening are governed by shrinking and swelling which are directed by differences in the arrangement of cellulose microfibrils in a bilayer construct. We demonstrate that the scales are more complex than a simple bilayer structure and that they actually have gradients, which significantly reduce the internal stresses and ensure their integrity. We analyse the process of opening and closing of the scales for a gradient structure in the Torrey pine cone using a simple idealized trilayer model. The results demonstrate a significant decrease in internal stresses produced by the gradient structure. Using the lessons learned from the pine cone, we produce a bilayer junction using hydrogels with different porosities which exhibit the same reversible bending response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Quan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Arnaud Pirosa
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA.
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Marc A Meyers
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA; Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA.
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7
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Li L, Lin Q, Tang M, Tsai EHR, Ke C. An Integrated Design of a Polypseudorotaxane-Based Sea Cucumber Mimic. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10186-10193. [PMID: 33606898 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of integrated systems that mimic the multi-stage stiffness change of marine animals such as the sea cucumber requires the design of molecularly tailored structures. Herein, we used an integrated biomimicry design to fabricate a sea cucumber mimic using sidechain polypseudorotaxanes with tunable nano-to-macroscale properties. A series of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based sidechain copolymers were synthesized to form sidechain polypseudorotaxanes with α-cyclodextrins (α-CDs). By tailoring the copolymers' molecular weights and their PEG grafting densities, we rationally tuned the sizes of the formed polypseudorotaxanes crystalline domain and the physical crosslinking density of the hydrogels, which facilitated 3D printing and the mechanical adaptability to these hydrogels. After 3D printing and photo-crosslinking, the obtained hydrogels exhibited large tensile strain and broad elastic-to-plastic variations upon α-CD (de)threading. These discoveries enabled a successful fabrication of a sea cucumber mimic, demonstrating multi-stage stiffness changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Qianming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Miao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Esther H R Tsai
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Chenfeng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
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8
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Li L, Lin Q, Tang M, Tsai EHR, Ke C. An Integrated Design of a Polypseudorotaxane‐Based Sea Cucumber Mimic. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longyu Li
- Department of Chemistry Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Qianming Lin
- Department of Chemistry Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Miao Tang
- Department of Chemistry Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Esther H. R. Tsai
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA
| | - Chenfeng Ke
- Department of Chemistry Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA
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9
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Zhang Y, Pon N, Awaji A, Rowan SJ. Squid Beak Inspired Cross-Linked Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites. Biomacromolecules 2020; 22:201-212. [PMID: 32969223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bioinspired cross-linked polymer nanocomposites that mimic the water-enhanced mechanical gradient properties of the squid beak have been prepared by embedding either carboxylic acid- or allyl-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) into an alkene-containing polymer matrix (poly(vinyl acetate-co-vinyl pentenoate), P(VAc-co-VP)). Cross-linking is achieved by imbibing the composite with a tetrathiol cross-linker and carrying out a photoinduced thiol-ene reaction. Central to this study was an investigation on how the placement of cross-links (i.e., within matrix only or between the matrix and filler) impacts the wet mechanical properties of these materials. Through cross-linking both the CNCs and matrix, it is possible to access larger wet mechanical contrasts (E'stiff/E'soft = ca. 20) than can be obtained by just cross-linking the matrix alone (where contrast E'stiff/E'soft of up 11 are observed). For example, in nanocomposites fabricated with 15 wt % of allyl-functionalized tunicate CNCs and P(VAc-co-VP) with about 30 mol % of the alkene-containing VP units, an increase in the modulus of the wet composite from about 14 MPa to about 289 MPa at physiological temperature (37 °C) can be observed after UV irradiation. The water swelling of the nanocomposites is greatly reduced in the cross-linked materials as a result of the thiol-ene cross-linking network, which also contributes to the wet modulus increase. Given the mechanical turnability and the relatively simple approach that also allows photopatterning the material properties, these water-activated bioinspired nanocomposites have potential uses in a broad range of biomedical applications, such as mechanically compliant intracortical microelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefei Zhang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Nanetta Pon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ahmed Awaji
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Stuart J Rowan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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10
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Lefevre M, Flammang P, Aranko AS, Linder MB, Scheibel T, Humenik M, Leclercq M, Surin M, Tafforeau L, Wattiez R, Leclère P, Hennebert E. Sea star-inspired recombinant adhesive proteins self-assemble and adsorb on surfaces in aqueous environments to form cytocompatible coatings. Acta Biomater 2020; 112:62-74. [PMID: 32502634 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sea stars adhere to various underwater substrata using an efficient protein-based adhesive secretion. The protein Sfp1 is a major component of this secretion. In the natural glue, it is cleaved into four subunits (Sfp1 Alpha, Beta, Delta and Gamma) displaying specific domains which mediate protein-protein or protein-carbohydrate interactions. In this study, we used the bacterium E. coli to produce recombinantly two fragments of Sfp1 comprising most of its functional domains: the C-terminal part of the Beta subunit (rSfp1 Beta C-term) and the Delta subunit (rSfp1 Delta). Using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography, we show that the proteins self-assemble and form oligomers and aggregates in the presence of NaCl. Moreover, they adsorb onto glass and polystyrene upon addition of Na+ and/or Ca2+ ions, forming homogeneous coatings or irregular meshworks, depending on the cation species and concentration. We show that coatings made of each of the two proteins have no cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells and even increase their proliferation. We propose that the Sfp1 recombinant protein coatings are valuable new materials with potential for cell culture or biomedical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biological adhesives offer impressive performance in their natural context and, therewith, the potential to inspire the development of advanced biomaterials for an increasing variety of applications in medicine or in material sciences. To date, most marine adhesive proteins that have been produced recombinantly in order to develop bio-inspired adhesives are small proteins from mussels and barnacles. Here, we produced two multi-modular proteins based on the sequence of Sfp1, a major protein from sea star adhesive secretion. These two proteins comprise most of Sfp1 functional domains which mediate protein-protein and protein-carbohydrate interactions. We characterized the two recombinant proteins with an emphasis on functional characteristics such as self-assembly, adsorption and cytocompatibility. We discuss their potential as biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Lefevre
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium; Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Research Institute for Materials, Center for Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Patrick Flammang
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - A Sesilja Aranko
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann Str.1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Martin Humenik
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann Str.1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Maxime Leclercq
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Research Institute for Materials, Center for Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Research Institute for Materials, Center for Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Lionel Tafforeau
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Microbiology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Philippe Leclère
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Research Institute for Materials, Center for Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Elise Hennebert
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
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11
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Li D, Wang Y, Long F, Gan L, Huang J. Solvation-Controlled Elastification and Shape-Recovery of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Based Aerogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1549-1557. [PMID: 31801015 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aerogels based on rod-like cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have been used in anisotropic materials, adsorbents and sensors, whereas they also suffer a low elasticity, leading to hard handling/processing in practical applications. Inspired by the sea cucumber, which transits from rigid to flexible when its cross-link network of collagen fibers is weakened by stiparin inhibitor, we cross-linked the CNCs with flexible poly ethylene glycol (PEG) to prepare an aerogel owning variable mechanical properties in different environments. This aerogel not only had a chemical-bond cross-link network, but also an H-bond one, which could be easily weakened by water. The results showed that the obtained CNC/PEG aerogel owned a high modulus of 0.80 MPa in a dry state and transited to an elastic state (modulus is 0.87 kPa) in a wet state. In the dry state, the shape change of the CNC/PEG aerogel could not recover when the strain was over 10%, when in the wet state the shape change could be reversible. Interestingly, the irreversible strain in the dry state could further transit to reversible in the wet state, and the wet aerogel could then transit back to rigid after freeze-drying. The mechanism study proved that this recovery came from the solvation-controlled weakening of the H-bond network between PEG and CNC. This work offered a simple but useful design of stimulation-response aerogels that can conduce to an elastification and shape recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Functional Manufacturing , Southwest University , 400715 , Chongqing , China
| | - Yuhuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Functional Manufacturing , Southwest University , 400715 , Chongqing , China
| | - Fen Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Functional Manufacturing , Southwest University , 400715 , Chongqing , China
| | - Lin Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Functional Manufacturing , Southwest University , 400715 , Chongqing , China
| | - Jin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Functional Manufacturing , Southwest University , 400715 , Chongqing , China
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12
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Rowan SJ, Weder C. Combining Chemistry, Materials Science, Inspiration from Nature, and Serendipity to Develop Stimuli‐Responsive Polymeric Materials. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J. Rowan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of Chicago 5640 S. Ellis Ave. Chicago, IL 60637 United States
- Department of Chemistry University of Chicago Chicago, IL 60637 United States
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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13
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Kobayashi Y, Akama S, Ohori S, Kawai M, Mitsumata T. Magnetic Elastomers with Smart Variable Elasticity Mimetic to Sea Cucumber. Biomimetics (Basel) 2019; 4:biomimetics4040068. [PMID: 31601006 PMCID: PMC6963960 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics4040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A magnetic-responsive elastomer consisting of magnetic elastomer and zinc oxide with a tetrapod shape and long arms was fabricated mimetic to the tissue of sea cucumber in which collagen fibrils are dispersed. Only the part of magnetic elastomer is active to magnetic fields, zinc oxide plays a role of reinforcement for the chain structure of magnetic particles formed under magnetic fields. The magnetic response of storage modulus for bimodal magnetic elastomers was measured when the magnetic particle was substituted to a nonmagnetic one, while keeping the total volume fraction of both particles. The change in storage modulus obeyed basically a mixing rule. However, a remarkable enhancement was observed at around the substitution ratio of 0.20. In addition, the bimodal magnetic elastomers with tetrapods exhibited apparent change in storage modulus even at regions with a high substitution ratio where monomodal magnetic elastomers consist of only magnetic particles with less response to the magnetic field. This strongly indicates that discontinuous chains of small amounts of magnetic particles were bridged by the nonmagnetic tetrapods. On the contrary, the change in storage modulus for bimodal magnetic elastomers with zinc oxide with irregular shape showed a mixing rule with a substitution ratio below 0.30. However, it decreased significantly at the substitution ratio above it. The structures of bimodal magnetic elastomers with tetrapods and the tissue of sea cucumber with collagen fibrils are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
- ALCA, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
| | - Shota Akama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
- ALCA, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
| | - Suguru Ohori
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Mika Kawai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
- ALCA, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
| | - Tetsu Mitsumata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
- ALCA, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
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14
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Meesorn W, Zoppe JO, Weder C. Stiffness-Changing of Polymer Nanocomposites with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Polymeric Dispersant. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1800910. [PMID: 30786085 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bio-inspired, water-responsive, mechanically adaptive nanocomposites are reported based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin) (EO-EPI), and a small amount of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), which is added to aid the dispersion of the CNCs. In the dry state, the CNCs form a reinforcing network within the polymer matrix, and the substantial stiffness increase relative to the neat polymer is thought to be the result of hydrogen-bonding interactions between the nanocrystals. Exposure to water, however, causes a large stiffness reduction, due to competitive hydrogen bonding of water molecules and the CNCs. It is shown here that the addition of PVA to the EO-EPI/CNC nanocomposite increases the modulus difference between the dry and the wet state by a factor of up to four compared to the nanocomposites without the PVA. The main reason is that the PVA leads to a substantial increase of the stiffness in the dry state; for example, the storage modulus E ' increased from 2.7 MPa (neat EO-EPI) to 50 MPa upon introduction of 10% CNCs, and to 200 MPa when additionally 5% of PVA was added. By contrast, the incorporation of PVA only led to moderate increases of the equilibrium water swelling and the E ' in the wet state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worarin Meesorn
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Justin O Zoppe
- Omya International AG, Baslerstrasse 42, CH-4665, Oftringen, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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15
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Zou L, Webber MJ. Reversible hydrogel dynamics by physical–chemical crosslink photoswitching using a supramolecular macrocycle template. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9931-9934. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04748d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Host–guest supramolecular hydrogels are prepared from light-responsive guests within a CB[8] cavitand, and the complex catalyzes reversible guest photodimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zou
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Matthew J. Webber
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
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16
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Salomäki M, Kauppila J, Kankare J, Lukkari J. Oxidative Layer-By-Layer Multilayers Based on Metal Coordination: Influence of Intervening Graphene Oxide Layers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:13171-13182. [PMID: 30278139 PMCID: PMC6222557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LbL) fabricated oxidative multilayers consisting of successive layers of inorganic polyphosphate (PP) and Ce(IV) can electrolessly form thin conducting polymer films on their surface. We describe the effect of substituting every second PP layer in the (PP/Ce) multilayers for graphene oxide (GO) as a means of modifying the structure and mechanical properties of these (GO/Ce/PP/Ce) films and enhancing their growth. Both types of LbL films are based on reversible coordinative bonding between the metal ions and the oxygen-bearing groups in PP and GO, instead of purely electrostatic interactions. The GO incorporation leads to the doubling of the areal mass density and to a dry film thickness close to 300 nm after 4 (GO/Ce/PP/Ce) tetralayers. The film roughness increases significantly with thickness. The (PP/Ce) films are soft materials with approximately equal shear storage and loss moduli, but the incorporation of GO doubles the storage modulus. PP displays a marked terminating layer effect and practically eliminates mechanical losses, making the (GO/Ce/PP/Ce) films almost pure soft elastomers. The smoothness of the (PP/Ce) films and the PP-termination effects are attributed to the reversible coordinative bonding. The (GO/Ce/PP/Ce) films oxidize pyrrole and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and form polypyrrole and PEDOT films on their surfaces. These polymer films are considerably thicker than those formed using the (PP/Ce) multilayers with the same nominal amount of cerium layers. The GO sheets interfere with the polymerization reaction and make its kinetics biphasic. The (GO/Ce) multilayers without PP are brittle and thin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Salomäki
- Laboratory
of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku
University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Kauppila
- Laboratory
of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jouko Kankare
- Laboratory
of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Lukkari
- Laboratory
of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku
University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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17
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Zhao ZG, Xu YC, Fang RC, Liu MJ. Bioinspired Adaptive Gel Materials with Synergistic Heterostructures. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Yu Y, Yang W, André Meyers M. Viscoelastic properties of α-keratin fibers in hair. Acta Biomater 2017; 64:15-28. [PMID: 28919511 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Considerable viscoelasticity and strain-rate sensitivity are a characteristic of α-keratin fibers, which can be considered a biopolymer. The understanding of viscoelasticity is an important part of the knowledge of the overall mechanical properties of these biological materials. Here, horse and human hairs are examined to analyze the sources of this response. The dynamic mechanical response of α-keratin fibers over a range of frequencies and temperatures is analyzed using a dynamic mechanical analyzer. The α-keratin fibers behave more elastically at higher frequencies while they become more viscous at higher temperatures. A glass transition temperature of ∼55°C is identified. The stress relaxation behavior of α-keratin fibers at two strains, 0.02 and 0.25, is established and fit to a constitutive equation based on the Maxwell-Wiechert model. The constitutive equation is further compared to the experimental results within the elastic region and a good agreement is obtained. The two relaxation constants, 14s and 359s for horse hair and 11s and 207s for human hair, are related to two hierarchical levels of relaxation: the amorphous matrix-intermediate filament interfaces, for the short term, and the cellular components for the long term. Results of the creep test also provide important knowledge on the uncoiling and phase transformation of the α-helical structure as hair is uniaxially stretched. SEM results show that horse hair has a rougher surface morphology and damaged cuticles. It also exhibits a lower strain-rate sensitivity of 0.05 compared to that of 0.11 for human hair. After the horse and human hairs are chemically treated and the disulfide bonds are cleaved, they exhibit a similar strain-rate sensitivity of ∼0.05. FTIR results confirms that the human hair is more sensitive to the -S-S- cleavage, resulting in an increase of cysteic acid content. Therefore, the disulfide bonds in the matrix are experimentally identified as one source of the strain-rate sensitivity and viscoelasticity in α-keratin fibers. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Hair has outstanding mechanical strength which is equivalent to metals on a density-normalized basis. It possesses, in addition to the strength, a large ductility that is enabled by either the unfolding of the alpha helices and/or the transformation of these helices to beta sheets. We identify the deformation and failure mechanisms and connect them to the hierarchical structure, with emphasis on the significant viscoelasticity of these unique biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Wen Yang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Materials, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Marc André Meyers
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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19
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Zhao Z, Liu Y, Zhang K, Zhuo S, Fang R, Zhang J, Jiang L, Liu M. Biphasic Synergistic Gel Materials with Switchable Mechanics and Self-Healing Capacity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziguang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry; Beihang University; 37 Xueyuan Rd Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry; Beihang University; 37 Xueyuan Rd Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Kangjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry; Beihang University; 37 Xueyuan Rd Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Shuyun Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry; Beihang University; 37 Xueyuan Rd Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Ruochen Fang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry; Beihang University; 37 Xueyuan Rd Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry; Beihang University; 37 Xueyuan Rd Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry; Beihang University; 37 Xueyuan Rd Beijing 100191 P. R. China
- International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 P. R. China
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20
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Zhao Z, Liu Y, Zhang K, Zhuo S, Fang R, Zhang J, Jiang L, Liu M. Biphasic Synergistic Gel Materials with Switchable Mechanics and Self-Healing Capacity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13464-13469. [PMID: 28868808 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A fabrication strategy for biphasic gels is reported, which incorporates high-internal-phase emulsions. Closely packed micro-inclusions within the elastic hydrogel matrix greatly improve the mechanical properties of the materials. The materials exhibit excellent switchable mechanics and shape-memory performance because of the switchable micro- inclusions that are incorporated into the hydrogel matrix. The produced materials demonstrated a self-healing capacity that originates from the noncovalent effect of the biphasic heteronetwork. The aforementioned characteristics suggest that the biphasic gels may serve as ideal composite gel materials with validity in a variety of applications, such as soft actuators, flexible devices, and biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziguang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Kangjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shuyun Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Ruochen Fang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.,International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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21
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Montero de Espinosa L, Meesorn W, Moatsou D, Weder C. Bioinspired Polymer Systems with Stimuli-Responsive Mechanical Properties. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12851-12892. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Worarin Meesorn
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dafni Moatsou
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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22
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Moatsou D, Weder C. Mechanically Adaptive Nanocomposites Inspired by Sea Cucumbers. BIO-INSPIRED POLYMERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782626664-00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sea cucumbers own the fascinating capability to rapidly and reversibly change the stiffness of their dermis. This mechanical morphing is achieved through a distinctive architecture of the tissue, which is composed of a viscoelastic matrix that is reinforced with rigid collagen microfibrils. Neurosecretory proteins regulate the interactions among the latter, and thereby control the overall mechanical properties of the material. This architecture and functionality have been mimicked by researchers in artificial nanocomposites that feature similar, albeit significantly simplified, structure and mechanical morphing ability. The general design of such stimulus–responsive, mechanically adaptive materials involves a low-modulus polymer matrix and rigid, high-aspect ratio filler particles, which are arranged to form percolating networks within the polymer matrix. Stress transfer is controlled by switching the interactions among the nanofibers and/or between the nanofibers and the matrix polymer via an external stimulus. In first embodiments, water was employed to moderate hydrogen-bonding interactions in such nanocomposites, while more recent examples have been designed to respond to more specific stimuli, such as a change of the pH, or irradiation with ultraviolet light. This chapter provides an overview of the general design principles and materials embodiments of such sea-cucumber inspired materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafni Moatsou
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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23
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The role of mechanics in biological and bio-inspired systems. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7418. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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24
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Asexual reproduction in holothurians. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:527234. [PMID: 25405228 PMCID: PMC4227402 DOI: 10.1155/2014/527234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspects of asexual reproduction in holothurians are discussed. Holothurians are significant as fishery and aquaculture items and have high commercial value. The last review on holothurian asexual reproduction was published 18 years ago and included only 8 species. An analysis of the available literature shows that asexual reproduction has now been confirmed in 16 holothurian species. Five additional species are also most likely capable of fission. The recent discovery of new fissiparous holothurian species indicates that this reproduction mode is more widespread in Holothuroidea than previously believed. New data about the history of the discovery of asexual reproduction in holothurians, features of fission, and regeneration of anterior and posterior fragments are described here. Asexual reproduction is obviously controlled by the integrated systems of the organism, primarily the nervous system. Special molecular mechanisms appear to determine the location where fission occurs along the anterior-posterior axis of the body. Alteration of the connective tissue strength of the body wall may play an important role during fission of holothurians. The basic mechanism of fission is the interaction of matrix metalloproteinases, their inhibitors, and enzymes forming cross-link complexes between fibrils of collagen. The population dynamics of fissiparous holothurians are discussed.
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25
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Wu T, Su Y, Chen B. Mechanically Adaptive and Shape-Memory Behaviour of Chitosan-Modified Cellulose Whisker/Elastomer Composites in Different pH Environments. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:2794-800. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Bobrovskaya NV, Dolmatov IY. Autotomy of the Visceral mass in the feather star Himerometra robustipinna (Crinoidea, Comatulida). THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2014; 226:81-91. [PMID: 24797090 DOI: 10.1086/bblv226n2p81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The microanatomy of the attachment sites of the visceral mass to the calyx before and after visceral mass autotomy in the feather star Himerometra robustipinna was investigated. At the aboral site, the visceral mass is linked to the calyx by septa of the aboral coelom and is attached to the tegmen at the peripheral site. The connective tissue of the septa and tegmen contains cells resembling typical juxtaligamental cells of echinoderms, nerve cells, and bundles of axons. Visceral mass autotomy in H. robustipinna can be provoked by mechanical action and occurs relatively rapidly. Immediately after the visceral mass is gripped with forceps, the proximal pinnules are lowered and form a dense cluster covering the calyx. If the visceral mass is held for 20-30 s, the proximal pinnules are raised. At this time, the visceral mass has separated from the calyx and can be easily removed. During autotomy, the aboral coelomic septa are broken under the aboral wall of the subintestinal coelom, and the tegmen is ruptured at the interradii along the periphery of the calyx and at the base of the arms. The juxtaligamental cells probably participate in the alteration of the connective tissue and the breakage of the septa and tegmen. The granules of juxtaligamental cells swell, develop an electron-transparent halo, and are released into the extracellular matrix. In general, our results suggest that separation of the visceral mass in H. robustipinna is characterized by all the features of autotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V Bobrovskaya
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, Palchevsky 17, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia; and
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27
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Studart AR, Erb RM. Bioinspired materials that self-shape through programmed microstructures. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:1284-94. [PMID: 24651249 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm51883c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nature displays numerous examples of materials that can autonomously change their shape in response to external stimuli. Remarkably, shape changes in biological systems can be programmed within the material's microstructure to enable self-shaping capabilities even in the absence of cellular control. Here, we revisit recent attempts to replicate in synthetic materials the shape-changing behavior of selected natural materials displaying deliberately tuned fibrous architectures. Simple processing methods like drawing, spinning or casting under magnetic fields are shown to be effective in mimicking the orientation and spatial distribution of reinforcing fibers of natural materials, thus enabling unique shape-changing features in synthetic systems. The bioinspired design and creation of self-shaping microstructures represent a new pathway to program shape changes in synthetic materials. In contrast to shape-memory polymers and metallic alloys, the self-shaping capabilities in these bioinspired materials originate at the microstructural level rather than the molecular scale. This enables the creation of programmable shape changes using building blocks that would otherwise not display the intrinsic molecular/atomic phase transitions required in conventional shape-memory materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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28
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Dagnon KL, Way AE, Carson SO, Silva J, Maia J, Rowan SJ. Controlling the Rate of Water-Induced Switching in Mechanically Dynamic Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4008187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koffi L. Dagnon
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert
Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Amanda E. Way
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert
Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Sidney O. Carson
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert
Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jorge Silva
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert
Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Joao Maia
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert
Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert
Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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29
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Fox JD, Capadona JR, Marasco PD, Rowan SJ. Bioinspired Water-Enhanced Mechanical Gradient Nanocomposite Films That Mimic the Architecture and Properties of the Squid Beak. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:5167-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4002713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin D. Fox
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Kent Hale Smith Building, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202,
United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Capadona
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther
King Jr. Drive, Wickenden Building, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United
States
- Advanced Platform
Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard
151 W/APT, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-1702, United
States
| | - Paul D. Marasco
- Advanced Platform
Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard
151 W/APT, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-1702, United
States
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Kent Hale Smith Building, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202,
United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther
King Jr. Drive, Wickenden Building, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United
States
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106,
United States
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30
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Dagnon KL, Shanmuganathan K, Weder C, Rowan SJ. Water-Triggered Modulus Changes of Cellulose Nanofiber Nanocomposites with Hydrophobic Polymer Matrices. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300463y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koffi L. Dagnon
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Kadhiravan Shanmuganathan
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Rte de l’Ancienne Papeterie,
CH-1723 Marly 1, Switzerland
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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31
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Barbaglio A, Tricarico S, Ribeiro A, Ribeiro C, Sugni M, Di Benedetto C, Wilkie I, Barbosa M, Bonasoro F, Candia Carnevali MD. The mechanically adaptive connective tissue of echinoderms: its potential for bio-innovation in applied technology and ecology. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 76:108-113. [PMID: 21864892 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Echinoderms possess unique connective tissues, called mutable collagenous tissues (MCTs), which undergo nervously mediated, drastic and reversible or irreversible changes in their mechanical properties. Connective tissue mutability influences all aspects of echinoderm biology and is a key-factor in the ecological success of the phylum. Due to their sensitivity to endogenous or exogenous agents, MCTs may be targets for a number of common pollutants, with potentially drastic effects on vital functions. Besides its ecological relevance, MCT represents a topic with relevance to several applied fields. A promising research route looks at MCTs as a source of inspiration for the development of novel biomaterials. This contribution presents a review of MCT biology, which incorporates recent ultrastructural, biomolecular and biochemical analyses carried out in a biotechnological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barbaglio
- Biology Dept., University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Mendez J, Annamalai PK, Eichhorn SJ, Rusli R, Rowan SJ, Foster EJ, Weder C. Bioinspired Mechanically Adaptive Polymer Nanocomposites with Water-Activated Shape-Memory Effect. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201502k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mendez
- Adolphe Merkle Institute and Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, University of Fribourg, Rte de l'Ancienne Papeterie, P.O. Box 209, 1723 Marly, Switzerland
| | - Pratheep K. Annamalai
- Adolphe Merkle Institute and Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, University of Fribourg, Rte de l'Ancienne Papeterie, P.O. Box 209, 1723 Marly, Switzerland
| | - Stephen J. Eichhorn
- Materials Science Centre and the Northwest Composites Centre, School of Materials, Paper Science Building, University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Rafeadah Rusli
- Materials Science Centre and the Northwest Composites Centre, School of Materials, Paper Science Building, University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - E. Johan Foster
- Adolphe Merkle Institute and Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, University of Fribourg, Rte de l'Ancienne Papeterie, P.O. Box 209, 1723 Marly, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute and Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, University of Fribourg, Rte de l'Ancienne Papeterie, P.O. Box 209, 1723 Marly, Switzerland
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Wojtecki RJ, Meador MA, Rowan SJ. Using the dynamic bond to access macroscopically responsive structurally dynamic polymers. NATURE MATERIALS 2011; 10:14-27. [PMID: 21157495 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1030] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
New materials that have the ability to reversibly adapt to their environment and possess a wide range of responses ranging from self-healing to mechanical work are continually emerging. These adaptive systems have the potential to revolutionize technologies such as sensors and actuators, as well as numerous biomedical applications. We will describe the emergence of a new trend in the design of adaptive materials that involves the use of reversible chemistry (both non-covalent and covalent) to programme a response that originates at the most fundamental (molecular) level. Materials that make use of this approach - structurally dynamic polymers - produce macroscopic responses from a change in the material's molecular architecture (that is, the rearrangement or reorganization of the polymer components, or polymeric aggregates). This design approach requires careful selection of the reversible/dynamic bond used in the construction of the material to control its environmental responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy J Wojtecki
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, USA
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Hennebert E, Haesaerts D, Dubois P, Flammang P. Evaluation of the different forces brought into play during tube foot activities in sea stars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 213:1162-74. [PMID: 20228353 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.037903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sea star tube feet consist of an enlarged and flattened distal extremity (the disc), which makes contact with the substratum, and a proximal contractile cylinder (the stem), which acts as a tether. In this study, the different forces brought into play during tube foot functioning were investigated in two related species. The tube feet of Asterias rubens and Marthasterias glacialis attach to glass with a similar mean tenacity (0.24 and 0.43 MPa, respectively), corresponding to an estimated maximal attachment force of 0.15 and 0.35 N. The contraction force of their retractor muscle averages 0.017 N. The variation of the retractor muscle contraction with its extension ratio follows a typical bell-shaped length-tension curve in which a maximal contraction of approximately 0.04 N is obtained for an extension ratio of approximately 2.3 in both sea star species. The tensile strength of the tube foot stem was investigated considering the two tissues that could assume a load-bearing function, i.e. the retractor muscle and the connective tissue. The latter is a mutable collagenous tissue presenting a fivefold difference in tensile strength between its soft and stiff state. In our experiments, stiffening was induced by disrupting cell membranes or by modifying the ionic composition of the bathing solution. Finally, the force needed to break the tube foot retractor muscle was found to account for 18-25% of the tube foot total breaking force, showing that, although the connective tissue is the tissue layer that supports most of the load exerted on the stem, the contribution of the retractor muscle cannot be neglected in sea stars. All these forces appear well-balanced for proper functioning of the tube feet during the activities of the sea star. They are discussed in the context of two essential activities: the opening of bivalve shells and the maintenance of position in exposed habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Hennebert
- Université de Mons - UMONS, Académie Universitaire Wallonie-Bruxelles, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Mons, Belgium
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Shanmuganathan K, Capadona JR, Rowan SJ, Weder C. Stimuli-responsive mechanically adaptive polymer nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2010; 2:165-74. [PMID: 20305827 PMCID: PMC2840258 DOI: 10.1021/am9006337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A new series of biomimetic stimuli-responsive nanocomposites, which change their mechanical properties upon exposure to physiological conditions, was prepared and investigated. The materials were produced by introducing percolating networks of cellulose nanofibers or "whiskers" derived from tunicates into poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA), and blends of these polymers, with the objective of determining how the hydrophobicity and glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer matrix affect the water-induced mechanically dynamic behavior. Below the Tg (approximately 60-70 degrees C), the incorporation of whiskers (15.1-16.5% v/v) modestly increased the tensile storage moduli (E') of the neat polymers from 0.6 to 3.8 GPa (PBMA) and from 2 to 5.2 GPa (PVAc). The reinforcement was much more dramatic above Tg, where E' increased from 1.2 to 690 MPa (PVAc) and approximately 1 MPa to 1.1 GPa (PBMA). Upon exposure to physiological conditions (immersion in artificial cerebrospinal fluid, ACSF, at 37 degrees C) all materials displayed a decrease in E'. The most significant contrast was seen in PVAc; for example, the E' of a 16.5% v/v PVAc/whisker nanocomposite decreased from 5.2 GPa to 12.7 MPa. Only a modest modulus decrease was measured for PBMA/whisker nanocomposite; here the E' of a 15.1% v/v PBMA/whisker nanocomposite decreased from 3.8 to 1.2 GPa. A systematic investigation revealed that the magnitude of the mechanical contrast was related to the degree of swelling with ACSF, which was shown to increase with whisker content, temperature, and polarity of the matrix (PVAc>PBMA). The mechanical morphing of the new materials can be described in the framework of both the percolation and Halpin-Kardos models for nanocomposite reinforcement, and is the result of changing interactions among the nanoparticles and plasticization of the matrix upon swelling.
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Shanmuganathan K, Capadona JR, Rowan SJ, Weder C. Bio-inspired mechanically-adaptive nanocomposites derived from cotton cellulose whiskers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b916130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Craig S. Von Gurken und anderen Stachelhäutern. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Capadona JR, Shanmuganathan K, Tyler DJ, Rowan SJ, Weder C. Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Nanocomposites Inspired by the Sea Cucumber Dermis. Science 2008; 319:1370-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1153307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 759] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Rapoport HS, Shadwick RE. Reversibly labile, sclerotization-induced elastic properties in a keratin analog from marine snails: whelk egg capsule biopolymer (WECB). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 210:12-26. [PMID: 17170144 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.02613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Egg capsules from two caenogastropod whelks, Busycon canaliculatum and Kelletia kelletii, were studied to investigate the genesis of mechanical properties of nascent capsules and to formulate a biomechanical model of this material. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the capsules possess fibrous hierarchical arrangements at all stages during processing while the mechanical integrity is developing. This suggests that an as yet uncharacterized sclerotization mechanism occurring in the ventral pedal gland primarily binds these fibrous components together. Decomposing the mechanical behavior of WECB through various physical and chemical treatments led us to develop a model for the structure and mechanical properties of this material that supports its designation as a keratin analog. Keratin mechanical models were applied to WECB in its representation as an intermediate state between matrix-free intermediate filament (IF)-type proteins and the more complex composite materials incorporating IFs such as keratin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Scott Rapoport
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Loveless DM, Jeon SL, Craig SL. Chemoresponsive viscosity switching of a metallo-supramolecular polymer network near the percolation threshold. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b614026b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wilkie IC, Parma L, Bonasoro F, Bavestrello G, Cerrano C, Carnevali MDC. Mechanical adaptability of a sponge extracellular matrix: evidence for cellular control of mesohyl stiffness in Chondrosia reniformisNardo. J Exp Biol 2006; 209:4436-43. [PMID: 17079714 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.02527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis Nardo consists largely of a collagenous tissue, the mesohyl, which confers a cartilaginous consistency on the whole animal. This investigation was prompted by the incidental observation that, despite a paucity of potentially contractile elements in the mesohyl, intact C. reniformis stiffen noticeably when touched. By measuring the deflection under gravity of beam-shaped tissue samples, it was demonstrated that the flexural stiffness of the mesohyl is altered by treatments that influence cellular activities, including [Ca2+]manipulation, inorganic and organic calcium channel-blockers and cell membrane disrupters, and that it is also sensitive to extracts of C. reniformis tissue that have been repeatedly frozen then thawed. Since the membrane disrupters and tissue extracts cause marked stiffening of mesohyl samples, it is hypothesised that cells in the mesohyl store a stiffening factor and that the physiologically controlled release of this factor is responsible for the touch-induced stiffening of intact animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Wilkie
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, 70 Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, Scotland, UK.
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Tamori M, Yamada A, Nishida N, Motobayashi Y, Oiwa K, Motokawa T. Tensilin-like stiffening protein fromHolothuria leucospilotadoes not induce the stiffest state of catch connective tissue. J Exp Biol 2006; 209:1594-602. [PMID: 16621940 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYThe dermis of sea cucumbers is a catch connective tissue or mutable connective tissue that exhibits large changes in mechanical properties. A stiffening protein, tensilin, has been isolated from the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa. We purified a similar protein, H-tensilin, from Holothuria leucospilota, which belongs to a different family to C. frondosa. H-tensilin appeared as a single band with an apparent molecular mass of 34 kDa on SDS-PAGE. No sugar chain was detected. Tryptic fragments of the protein had homology to known tensilin. H-tensilin aggregated isolated collagen fibrils in vitro in a buffer containing 0.5 mol l–1 NaCl with or without 10 mmol l–1 Ca2+. The activity of H-tensilin was quantitatively studied by dynamic mechanical tests on the isolated dermis. H-tensilin increased stiffness of the dermis in the soft state, induced by Ca2+-free artificial seawater, to a level comparable to that of the standard state, which was the state found in the dermis rested in artificial seawater with normal ionic condition. H-tensilin decreased the energy dissipation ratio of the soft dermis to a level comparable to that of the standard state. When H-tensilin was applied on the dermis in the standard state, it did not alter stiffness nor dissipation ratio. The subsequent application of artificial seawater in which the potassium concentration was raised to 100 mmol l–1increased stiffness by one order of magnitude. These findings suggest that H-tensilin is involved in the changes from the soft state to the standard state and that some stiffening factors other than tensilin are necessary for the changes from the standard to the stiff state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Tamori
- W3-42, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
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Wilkie IC. Mutable collagenous tissue: overview and biotechnological perspective. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 39:221-50. [PMID: 17152700 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-27683-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The mutable collagenous tissue (MCT) of echinoderms can undergo extreme changes in passive mechanical properties within a timescale of less than 1 s to a few minutes, involving a mechanism that is under direct neural control and coordinated with the activities of muscles. MCT occurs at a variety of anatomical locations in all echinoderm classes, is involved in every investigated echinoderm autotomy mechanism, and provides a mechanism for the energy-sparing maintenance of posture. It is therefore crucially important for the biology of extant echinoderms. This chapter summarises current knowledge of the physiology and organisation of MCT, with particular attention being given to its molecular organisation and the molecular mechanism of mutability. The biotechnological potential of MCT is discussed. It is argued that MCT could be a source of, or inspiration for, (1) new pharmacological agents and strategies designed to manipulate therapeutically connective tissue mechanical properties and (2) new composite materials with biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Wilkie
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, 70 Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 OBA, Scotland, UK.
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Santos R, Haesaerts D, Jangoux M, Flammang P. The tube feet of sea urchins and sea stars contain functionally different mutable collagenous tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 208:2277-88. [PMID: 15939770 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Echinoderms possess mutable collagenous tissues (MCTs), which are capable of undergoing rapid changes in their passive mechanical properties mediated by secretions from a specific cell type, the juxtaligamental cell. In this study, the possible presence of MCTs in the tube feet of the echinoid Paracentrotus lividus and the asteroid Marthasterias glacialis was investigated by measuring their extensibility, tensile strength, stiffness and toughness after different treatments known to influence the physiological state of MCTs. Calcium removal reversibly induced a significant plasticization of the tube feet of both species. When exposed to cell-disrupting solutions, the tube foot stem of sea urchins and sea stars showed a significant increase in strength, stiffness and toughness in the absence of calcium. This response, combined with the ultrastructural observation of juxtaligamental-like cells in the connective tissue, confirms that an MCT is present in both echinoid and asteroid tube feet. It was observed, however, that the tube foot stems of P. lividus and M. glacialis are affected differently by exposure to cell-disrupting solutions in the presence of calcium, indicating that their MCTs could be functionally different. In their soft state, MCTs could assist the muscles in tube foot protraction, bending and retraction; in their stiff state, they could play a role in the energy-sparing maintenance of position; for example, during strong attachment to the substratum to resist hydrodynamically generated loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Santos
- Académie Universitaire Wallonie-Bruxelles, Université de Mons-Hainaut, Laboratoire de Biologie marine, 6 Avenue du champ de Mars, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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Functional morphology of the compass-rotular ligament of Echinus esculentus (Echinodermata: Echinoida): a non-mutable collagenous component of Aristotle?s lantern. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-005-0107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Motokawa T, Tsuchi A. Dynamic mechanical properties of body-wall dermis in various mechanical states and their implications for the behavior of sea cucumbers. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2003; 205:261-275. [PMID: 14672981 DOI: 10.2307/1543290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The dermis of the sea cucumber body wall is a typical catch connective tissue that rapidly changes its mechanical properties in response to various stimuli. Dynamic mechanical properties were measured in stiff, standard, and soft states of the sea cucumber Actinopyga mauritiana. Sinusoidal deformations were applied, either at a constant frequency of 0.1 Hz with varying maximum strain of 2%-20% or at a fixed maximum strain of 1.8% with varying frequency of 0.0005-50 Hz. The dermis showed viscoelasticity with both strain and strain-rate dependence. The dermis in the standard state showed a J-shaped stress-strain curve with a stiffness of 1 MPa and a dissipation ratio of 60%; the curve of the stiff dermis was linear with high stiffness (3 MPa) and a low dissipation ratio (30%). Soft dermis showed a J-shaped curve with low stiffness (0.3 MPa) and a high dissipation ratio (80%). The strain-induced softening was observed in the soft state. Stiff samples had a higher storage modulus and a lower tangent delta than soft ones, implying a larger contribution of the elastic component in the stiff state. A simple molecular model was proposed that accounted for the mechanical behavior of the dermis. The model suggested that stiffening stimulation increased inter-molecular bonds, whereas softening stimulation affected intra-molecular bonds. The adaptive significance of each mechanical state in the behavior of sea cucumbers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Motokawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8551 Japan.
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Wilkie IC. Is muscle involved in the mechanical adaptability of echinoderm mutable collagenous tissue? J Exp Biol 2002; 205:159-65. [PMID: 11821482 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.205.2.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The mutable collagenous tissue (MCT) of echinoderms has the capacity to change its mechanical properties in a time scale of less than 1 s to a few minutes under the influence of the nervous system. Although accumulating evidence indicates that the mechanical adaptability of MCT is due primarily to the modulation of interactions between components of the extracellular matrix, the presence of muscle in a few mutable collagenous structures has led some workers to suggest that contractile cells may play an important role in the phenomenon of variable tensility and to call for a re-evaluation of the whole MCT concept. This contribution summarises present information on MCT and appraises the argument implicating muscle in its unique mechanical behaviour. It is concluded that there is no evidence that the variability of the passive mechanical properties of any mutable collagenous structure is due to muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Wilkie
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, Scotland.
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Abstract
'Autotomy' refers to the adaptive detachment of animal body parts where this serves a defensive function, is achieved by an intrinsic mechanism, and is nervously mediated. With regard to each echinoderm class, this article itemises those structures that are autotomous, evaluates the extent to which autotomy precedes regeneration in natural populations, reviews current knowledge of the morphology of autotomy planes and mechanisms that effect fracture at autotomy, and comments on autotomy-related issues arising from studies of the cellular events of regeneration. Each autotomy plane can be regarded as an assemblage of breakage zones traversing the individual anatomical components of the autotomous structure. In any one autotomy plane some breakage zones are permanent sites of weakness that are fractured by external forces and some are potential sites of weakness that undergo a loss of tensile strength only at the time of autotomy. The latter occur predominantly in mutable collagenous structures, although there are a few examples of muscles that undergo an endogenous rupturing process. Available evidence indicates that autotomy is by far the commonest proximate cause of structural loss in echinoderms. Most echinoderm regeneration is therefore necessitated by autotomy and proceeds from the retained side of a fractured autotomy plane. Due to a lack of relevant research there is as yet little evidence for or against the presence of specific regeneration-promoting adaptations at autotomy planes, although it is argued that an autotomy plane designed primarily to effect rapid detachment would by itself increase regenerative efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Wilkie
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, Scotland.
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Hill RB. Role of Ca(2+) in excitation-contraction coupling in echinoderm muscle: comparison with role in other tissues. J Exp Biol 2001; 204:897-908. [PMID: 11171413 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.204.5.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The longitudinal muscle of the body wall of Isostichopus badionotus may be considered a model for excitation-contraction coupling in echinoderm muscle. Other echinoderm muscles are reviewed by comparison with the model. Echinoderm muscle is also of interest as a model for ‘mutable collagenous tissue’; however, in that tissue, Ca(2+) has been proposed to function both in living control systems and in regulation of non-living interstitial substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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