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Long J, Yang P, Liu Y, Liu X, Li H, Su X, Zhang T, Xu J, Chen G, Jiang J. The Extract of Angelica sinensis Inhibits Hypoxia-Reoxygenation and Copper-Induced Oxidative Lesions and Apoptosis in Branchiae and Red Blood Corpuscles of Fish. Vet Sci 2023; 11:1. [PMID: 38275917 PMCID: PMC10821500 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The study explored the effects of Angelica sinensis extract (AsE) on oxidative lesions and apoptosis in branchiae and red blood corpuscles in hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) and Cu-treated carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). After feeding trial for 30 days, the carp were exposed to HR and CuSO4. The results indicated that dietary AsE increased the durative time, decreased the oxygen consumption rate, suppressed ROS generation and cellular component oxidation, decreased enzymatic antioxidant activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in red blood corpuscles and branchiae in carp under hypoxia. Moreover, dietary AsE avoided the loss of Na+,K+-ATPase, metabolic and antioxidant enzyme activities, ROS generation and cellular component oxidation, as well as the increase in caspase-8, 9, and 3 activities in the branchiae of the carp and inhibited ROS generation. It furthermore avoided the loss of Na+,K+-ATPase and metabolic enzyme activities, the decrease in GSH levels and hemoglobin content, the increase in the activities of caspase-8, 9, and 3 and the increase in the levels of cytochrome c and phosphatidylserine exposure in the red blood corpuscles of Cu-exposed carp. The present results suggested that dietary AsE improved hypoxia tolerance and inhibited HR or Cu-triggered oxidative lesions and apoptosis. Therefore, AsE can be utilized as a natural inhibitor of Cu and HR stress in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Long
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.S.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Pengyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.S.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Yihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.S.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Xiaoru Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.S.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Huatao Li
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.S.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.S.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.S.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.S.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Gangfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.S.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
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2
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Borowiec BG, McDonald AE, Wilkie MP. Upstream migrant sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) show signs of increasing oxidative stress but maintain aerobic capacity with age. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 285:111503. [PMID: 37586606 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Following the parasitic juvenile phase of their life cycle, sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) mature into a reproductive but rapidly aging and deteriorating adult, and typically die shortly after spawning in May or June. However, pre-spawning upstream migrant sea lamprey can be maintained for several months beyond their natural lifespan when held in cold water (∼4-8 °C) under laboratory conditions. We exploited this feature to investigate the interactions between senescence, oxidative stress, and metabolic function in this phylogenetically ancient fish. We investigated how life history traits and mitochondria condition, as indicated by markers of oxidative stress (catalase activity, lipid peroxidation) and aerobic capacity (citrate synthase activity), changed in adult sea lamprey from June to December after capture during their upstream spawning migration. Body mass but not liver mass declined with age, resulting in an increase in hepatosomatic index. Both effects were most pronounced in males, which also tended to have larger livers than females. Lamprey experienced greater oxidative stress with age, as reflected by increasing activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase and increasing levels of lipid peroxidation in liver mitochondrial isolates over time. Surprisingly, the activity of citrate synthase also increased with age in both sexes. These observations implicate mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the senescence of sea lamprey. Due to their unique evolutionary position and the technical advantage of easily delaying the onset of senescence in lampreys using cold water, these animals could represent an evolutionary unique and tractable model to investigate senescence in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison E McDonald
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada. https://twitter.com/AEMcDonaldWLU
| | - Michael P Wilkie
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
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3
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Blood-based gene expression as non-lethal tool for inferring salinity-habitat history of European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Sci Rep 2022; 12:22142. [PMID: 36550161 PMCID: PMC9780358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The European eel is a facultative catadromous species, meaning that it can skip the freshwater phase or move between marine and freshwater habitats during its continental life stage. Otolith microchemistry, used to determine the habitat use of eel or its salinity history, requires the sacrifice of animals. In this context, blood-based gene expression may represent a non-lethal alternative. In this work, we tested the ability of blood transcriptional profiling to identify the different salinity-habitat histories of European eel. Eels collected from different locations in Norway were classified through otolith microchemistry as freshwater residents (FWR), seawater residents (SWR) or inter-habitat shifters (IHS). We detected 3451 differentially expressed genes from blood by comparing FWR and SWR groups, and then used that subset of genes in a machine learning approach (i.e., random forest) to the extended FWR, SWR, and IHS group. Random forest correctly classified 100% of FWR and SWR and 83% of the IHS using a minimum of 30 genes. The implementation of this non-lethal approach may replace otolith-based microchemistry analysis for the general assessment of life-history tactics in European eels. Overall, this approach is promising for the replacement or reduction of other lethal analyses in determining certain fish traits.
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Xiong W, Zhu Y, Zhang P, Xu Y, Zhou J, Zhang J, Luo Y. Effects of temperature on metabolic scaling in silver carp. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2021; 337:141-149. [PMID: 34492171 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The association between temperature and metabolic scaling varies among species, which could be due to variation in the surface area and its scaling. This study aims to examine the effect of temperature on metabolic scaling and to verify the links between metabolic scaling and surface area scaling at both the whole body and the cell levels. The routine metabolic rate (RMR), gill surface area (GSA), ventilation frequency (VF), red blood cell surface area (SRBC ), and metabolic rate (MRRBC ) were determined in silver carp, and their mass-scaling exponents were analyzed at 10 and 25°C. These results showed that body mass and temperature independently affected the RMR, GSA, and VF, suggesting constant scaling exponents of RMR (0.772), GSA (0.912), and VF (-0.282) with changing temperature. The RMR at 25°C was 2.29 times higher than that at 10°C, suggesting increased metabolic demand at a higher temperature. The results showed that the RMR increased, while the scaling exponents of RMR, GSA, and VF remained unchanged with increasing temperature. These results support the view that the scaling of oxygen supply capacity importantly affects metabolic scaling. The SRBC did not change with either temperature or body mass. However, the MRRBC increased by 5.48 times from 10 to 25°C but did not change with body mass. As the scaling exponents of RMR did not change between temperatures, the results indicate that no obvious link exists between the scaling of both the cell size and cell metabolic rate and the metabolic scaling of silver carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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5
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Silkin YA, Silkina EN, Silkin MY. Glycogen as an Energy Storage Substrate
in Fish Nucleated Erythrocytes. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Treberg JR, Martyniuk CJ, Moyes CD. Getting the most out of reductionist approaches in comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 250:110483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Soldatov AA, Andreeva AY, Kukhareva TA, Andreyenko TI. Methemoglobin and the Activities of Catalase and Superoxide Dismutase in Nucleated Erythrocytes of Scorpaena porcus (Linnaeus, 1758) under Experimental Hypoxia (in vitro). Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350920030197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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8
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Lahnsteiner F. Erythrocyte morphometry in teleost fish—Species‐specific, inter‐individual and environmental‐related differences. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Lahnsteiner
- Institute for Water Ecology Fisheries and Lake Research Federal Agency for Water Management Mondsee Austria
- Fishfarm Kreuzstein Unterach Austria
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9
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Zhang Y, Polinski MP, Morrison PR, Brauner CJ, Farrell AP, Garver KA. High-Load Reovirus Infections Do Not Imply Physiological Impairment in Salmon. Front Physiol 2019; 10:114. [PMID: 30930782 PMCID: PMC6425399 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent ubiquitous detection of PRV among salmonids has sparked international concern about the cardiorespiratory performance of infected wild and farmed salmon. Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) has been shown to create substantial viremia in salmon by targeting erythrocytes for principle replication. In some instances, infections develop into heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) or other pathological conditions affecting the respiratory system. Critical to assessing the seriousness of PRV infections are controlled infection studies that measure physiological impairment to critical life support systems. Respiratory performance is such a system and here multiple indices were measured to test the hypothesis that a low-virulence strain of PRV from Pacific Canada compromises the cardiorespiratory capabilities of Atlantic salmon. Contrary to this hypothesis, the oxygen affinity and carrying capacity of erythrocytes were unaffected by PRV despite the presence of severe viremia, minor heart pathology and transient cellular activation of antiviral response pathways. Similarly, PRV-infected fish had neither sustained nor appreciable differences in respiratory capabilities compared with control fish. The lack of functional harm to salmon infected with PRV in this instance highlights that, in an era of unprecedented virus discovery, detection of viral infection does not necessarily imply bodily harm and that viral load is not always a suitable predictor of disease within a host organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Zhang
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mark P Polinski
- Aquatic Diagnostics and Genomics Division, Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Phillip R Morrison
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Colin J Brauner
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony P Farrell
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kyle A Garver
- Aquatic Diagnostics and Genomics Division, Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
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Götting M, Nikinmaa MJ. Transcriptomic Analysis of Young and Old Erythrocytes of Fish. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1046. [PMID: 29311976 PMCID: PMC5732906 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding gene expression changes over the lifespan of cells is of fundamental interest and gives important insights into processes related to maturation and aging. This study was undertaken to understand the global transcriptome changes associated with aging in fish erythrocytes. Fish erythrocytes retain their nuclei throughout their lifetime and they are transcriptionally and translationally active. However, they lose important functions during their lifespan in the circulation. We separated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) erythrocytes into young and old fractions using fixed angle-centrifugation and analyzed transcriptome changes using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology and quantitative real-time PCR. We found 930 differentially expressed between young and old erythrocyte fractions; 889 of these showed higher transcript levels in young, while only 34 protein-coding genes had higher transcript levels in old erythrocytes. In particular genes involved in ion binding, signal transduction, membrane transport, and those encoding various enzyme classes are affected in old erythrocytes. The transcripts with higher levels in old erythrocytes were associated with seven different GO terms within biological processes and nine within molecular functions and cellular components, respectively. Our study furthermore found several highly abundant transcripts as well as a number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for which the protein products are currently not known revealing the gaps of knowledge in most non-mammalian vertebrates. Our data provide the first insight into changes involved in aging on the transcriptional level and thus opens new perspectives for the study of maturation processes in fish erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Götting
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko J Nikinmaa
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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11
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Götting M, Nikinmaa M. In vitro study on the regulation of cellular mRNA levels by changes in transcription rate and transcript stability in fish red blood cells. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 213:35-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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12
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Silkin YA, Korotkov SM, Silkina EN. The study of the bioenergetic characteristics of the red blood cells of Black Sea fish: the common stingray (Dasyatis pastinaca L.) and black scorpionfish (Scorpaena porcus L.). Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350917030204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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13
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Driedzic WR. Low plasma glucose limits glucose metabolism by RBCs and heart in some species of teleosts. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 224:204-209. [PMID: 28803129 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Within teleosts there is a species range in plasma glucose levels from undetectable to 20mM. At low plasma glucose levels the gradient from the extracellular to the intracellular space is decreased. The impact of this on glucose metabolism by RBCs and heart from species with different steady state levels of plasma glucose (Atlantic cod ~5mM; Atlantic salmon ~5mM, cunner ~1mM, lumpfish <1mM; short-horned sculpin <1mM) is the subject of this review. Under normoxia, at physiological levels of extracellular glucose, RBCs and heart produce lactate although the contribution of anaerobic metabolism to ATP production is small. Sustained lactate production from extracellular glucose appears to be the primary fate of extracellular glucose. In many cases, glycogen is not mobilized and the rate of glucose metabolism=two times the rate of lactate production. As such, alternative metabolic sources are required to fuel oxidative metabolism. Under hypoxia, hearts from Atlantic cod and rainbow trout increase rates of both glucose metabolism and lactate production, partially supported by glycogen reserves. But in lumpfish and short-horned sculpin hearts there is no change in rates of glucose metabolism. The most likely explanation is that glucose uptake is compromised in lumpfish and short-horned sculpin hearts due to a low diffusion gradient. Under these conditions rates of lactate production are well below that of Atlantic cod or rainbow trout. Energy demand must be reduced under hypoxia in lumpfish and short-horned sculpin hearts in order to maintain ATP balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Driedzic
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, N.L. A1C 1S7, Canada.
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14
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Andreyeva AY, Soldatov AA, Mukhanov VS. The influence of acute hypoxia on the functional and morphological state of the black scorpionfish red blood cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 53:312-319. [PMID: 27834044 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of the mechanisms of red blood cell steadiness to the oxygen lack in tolerant teleosts is of current scientific interest. Black scorpionfish, Scorpaena porcus L., is a widespread benthal species in the Black Sea and is highly resistant to hypoxic influence. The morphological state of black scorpionfish red blood cells under acute hypoxia was assessed using DNA-binding dye SYBR Green I and fluorescent microscopy. Changes in membrane potential of mitochondria and functional activity of cells were determined by rhodamine 123 (R123) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) fluorescence. Oxygen deficiency leads to bidirectional changes in volume of erythrocytes and their nuclei. Between 0.57 and 1.76 mg О2 l-1, both parameters increased on 3-12 and 7-21%, respectively. At 1.76-4.03, cells shrank on 1.5-6.0% and nucleus size decreased on 1.5-3%. Acute hypoxia induced a significant increase of R123 (12-60%) and FDA (30-184%) fluorescence. These reactions are caused by a probable decrease in erythrocyte membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Y Andreyeva
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Marine Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave, 14, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| | - Aleksander A Soldatov
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Marine Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave, 14, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Vladimir S Mukhanov
- Department of Plankton, Institute of Marine Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Li H, Jiang W, Liu Y, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Wu P, Zhao J, Duan X, Zhou X, Feng L. The metabolites of glutamine prevent hydroxyl radical-induced apoptosis through inhibiting mitochondria and calcium ion involved pathways in fish erythrocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 92:126-140. [PMID: 26795598 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the apoptosis pathways in hydroxyl radicals ((∙)OH)-induced carp erythrocytes. Carp erythrocytes were treated with the caspase inhibitors in physiological carp saline (PCS) or Ca(2+)-free PCS in the presence of 40μM FeSO4/20μM H2O2. The results showed that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the release of cytochrome c and DNA fragmentation were caspase-dependent, and Ca(2+) was involved in calpain activation and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure in (∙)OH-induced carp erythrocytes. Moreover, the results suggested that caspases were involved in PS exposure, and Ca(2+) was involved in DNA fragmentation in (∙)OH-induced fish erythrocytes. These results demonstrated that there might be two apoptosis pathways in fish erythrocytes, one is the caspase and cytochrome c-dependent apoptosis that is similar to that in mammal nucleated cells, the other is the Ca(2+)-involved apoptosis that was similar to that in mammal non-nucleated erythrocytes. So, fish erythrocytes may be used as a model for studying oxidative stress and apoptosis in mammal cells. Furthermore, the present study investigated the effects of glutamine (Gln)'s metabolites [alanine (Ala), citrulline (Cit), proline (Pro) and their combination (Ala10Pro4Cit1)] on the pathways of apoptosis in fish erythrocytes. The results displayed that Ala, Cit, Pro and Ala10Pro4Cit1 effectively suppressed ROS generation, cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 at the physiological concentrations, prevented Ca(2+) influx, calpain activation, PS exposure, DNA fragmentation and the degradation of the cytoskeleton and oxidation of membrane and hemoglobin (Hb) and increased activity of anti-hydroxyl radical (AHR) in (∙)OH-induced carp erythrocytes. Ala10Pro4Cit1 produced a synergistic effect of inhibited oxidative stress and apoptosis in fish erythrocytes. These results demonstrated that Ala, Cit, Pro and their combination can protect mammal erythrocytes and nucleated cells against oxidative stress and apoptosis. The studies supported the use of Gln, Ala, Cit and Pro as oxidative stress and apoptosis inhibitors in mammal cells and the hypothesis that the inhibited effects of Gln on oxidative stress and apoptosis are at least partly dependent on that of its metabolites in mammalian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatao Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Neijiang Normal University, Sichuan, Neijiang 641000, China
| | - Weidan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xudong Duan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Li H, Jiang W, Liu Y, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Wu P, Zhao J, Duan X, Zhou X, Feng L. Data in the activities of caspases and the levels of reactive oxygen species and cytochrome c in the •OH-induced fish erythrocytes treated with alanine, citrulline, proline and their combination. Data Brief 2016; 7:16-22. [PMID: 26952131 PMCID: PMC4761654 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explored the effects of alanine (Ala), citrulline (Cit), proline (Pro) and their combination (Ala10Pro4Cit1) on the activities of caspases and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytochrome c in hydroxyl radicals (•OH)-induced carp erythrocytes. The data displayed that •OH induced the increases in the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 and the levels of ROS and cytochrome c in carp erythrocytes. However, Ala, Cit, Pro and Ala10Pro4Cit1 effectively suppressed the •OH-induced increases in the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 and the levels of ROS and cytochrome c in carp erythrocytes. Furthermore, the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 and the levels of ROS and cytochrome c were gradually decreased with increasing concentrations of Ala, Cit, Pro and Ala10Pro4Cit1 (0.175-1.400 mM) in the •OH-induced carp erythrocytes. These data demonstrated that the 50% inhibitory doses (ID50) of Ala10Pro4Cit1 on the activities of caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 and levels of ROS and cytochrome c were respectively estimated to be the minimum values among amino acids examined so far. The 5% inhibitory doses (ID5) of Ala, Cit, Pro and Ala10Pro4Cit1 on the activities of caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 and levels of ROS and cytochrome c were estimated to be at their physiological concentrations in mammalian. Our research article for further interpretation and discussion from these data in Li et al. (2016) [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatao Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Conservation and Utilization of Fishes resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641000, Sichuan, China
| | - Weidan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xudong Duan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
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Stier A, Reichert S, Criscuolo F, Bize P. Red blood cells open promising avenues for longitudinal studies of ageing in laboratory, non-model and wild animals. Exp Gerontol 2015; 71:118-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Li H, Feng L, Jiang W, Liu Y, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Wu P, Zhou X. Ca(2+) and caspases are involved in hydroxyl radical-induced apoptosis in erythrocytes of Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:1305-1319. [PMID: 26080678 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There are young erythrocytes and mature erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of fish. The present study explored the apoptosis in hydroxyl radical ((·)OH)-induced young and mature erythrocytes of Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Carp erythrocytes from the peripheral blood were separated into the young fraction, the intermediate fraction and the mature fraction using fixed-angle centrifugation. The erythrocytes in three age fractions were treated with the caspase inhibitors (zVAD-fmk) in physiological carp saline (PCS) or Ca(2+)-free PCS in the presence of 40 μM FeSO4/20 μM H2O2. The results showed that the (·)OH-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and DNA fragmentation are caspase dependent in carp erythrocytes. Furthermore, the ROS generation, PS exposure and DNA fragmentation in the more young fraction are more dependent on the caspase activity. This suggested that the caspases are involved in the (·)OH-induced apoptosis in the young erythrocytes of fish. Results also indicated that Ca(2+) is involved in (·)OH-induced calpain activation, PS exposure and DNA fragmentation in carp erythrocytes. Moreover, the calpain activation, DNA fragmentation and PS exposure in the more mature fraction are more dependent on the levels of Ca(2+). This revealed that (·)OH-induced apoptosis is Ca(2+) dependent in the mature erythrocytes of fish. Taken together, there might be two apoptosis pathways in fish erythrocytes: one is the caspase-dependent apoptosis in the young erythrocytes and the other is the Ca(2+)-involved apoptosis in the mature erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuaTao Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - WeiDan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - YongAn Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - XiaoQiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Di Giacomo G, Campello S, Corrado M, Di Giambattista L, Cirotti C, Filomeni G, Gentile G. Mature Erythrocytes of Iguana iguana (Squamata, Iguanidae) Possess Functional Mitochondria. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136770. [PMID: 26367118 PMCID: PMC4569276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron microscopy analyses of Iguana iguana blood preparations revealed the presence of mitochondria within erythrocytes with well-structured cristae. Fluorescence microscopy analyses upon incubation with phalloidin-FITC, Hoechst 33342 and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm)-sensitive probe MitoTracker Red indicated that mitochondria i) widely occur in erythrocytes, ii) are polarized, and iii) seem to be preferentially confined at a "perinuclear" region, as confirmed by electron microscopy. The analysis of NADH-dependent oxygen consumption showed that red blood cells retain the capability to consume oxygen, thereby providing compelling evidence that mitochondria of Iguana erythrocytes are functional and capable to perform oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Campello
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Tor Vergata, Roma, Italia
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italia
| | - Mauro Corrado
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italia
- Istituto Telethon Dulbecco, Istituto Veneto di Medicina Molecolare, Padova, Italia
| | | | - Claudia Cirotti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Tor Vergata, Roma, Italia
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Tor Vergata, Roma, Italia
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (GF); (GG)
| | - Gabriele Gentile
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Tor Vergata, Roma, Italia
- * E-mail: (GF); (GG)
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Driedzic WR, Clow KA, Short CE. Extracellular glucose can fuel metabolism in RBCs from high glycemic Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) but not low glycemic short-horned sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius). J Exp Biol 2014; 217:3797-804. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Energy metabolism was assessed in RBCs from Atlantic cod and short-horned sculpin, two species that have markedly different levels of blood glucose. The objective was to determine if the level of extracellular glucose impacts rates of glucose metabolism. Blood glucose level was 2.5 mmol l-1 in Atlantic cod and 0.2 mmol l-1 in short-horned sculpin, respectively. Oxygen consumption, lactate production, and glucose utilization were measured in whole blood and related to g RBC. Glucose utilization was assessed by measuring both glucose disappearance and by the production of 3H2O from [2-3H]-glucose. RBCs from both species have an aerobic based metabolism. In Atlantic cod, extracellular glucose is sufficient to provide the sum of glucosyl equivalents to support both oxidative metabolism and lactate production. In contrast, extracellular glucose can account for only 10% of the metabolic rate in short-horned sculpin RBCs. In both species, about 70% of glucose enters the RBCs via facilitated transport. The difference in rates of extracellular glucose utilization is related to the extremely low levels of blood glucose in short-horned sculpin. In this species energy metabolism by RBCs must be supported by alternative fuels.
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Li HT, Feng L, Jiang WD, Liu Y, Jiang J, Li SH, Zhou XQ. Oxidative stress parameters and anti-apoptotic response to hydroxyl radicals in fish erythrocytes: protective effects of glutamine, alanine, citrulline and proline. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 126:169-179. [PMID: 23220409 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the protective effects of glutamine (Gln), alanine (Ala), citrulline (Cit) and proline (Pro) on hydroxyl radical (·OH)-induced apoptosis in isolated carp erythrocytes. Hydroxyl radicals were generated by ferrous ion (Fe(2+))-mediated decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) (Fenton reaction). In order to select an optimal ·OH concentration to induce apoptosis, cultures were treated with different concentrations of FeSO(4)/H(2)O(2) (0 μM/0 μM-50 μM/25 μM). The results showed that exposure to FeSO(4)/H(2)O(2) (0 μM/0 μM-40 μM/20 μM) increased apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, apoptosis was at its highest level at 40 μM FeSO(4)/20 μM H(2)O(2). We then examined the cytoprotective effects of Gln, Ala, Cit, Pro or the combination of Ala, Cit and Pro under conditions of apoptosis. Carp erythrocytes were treated with the substances listed above in the presence of 40 μM FeSO(4)/20 μM H(2)O(2) for 9 h. The controls were grown in Gln, Ala, Cit, Pro-free culture medium. The results showed that Gln, Ala, Cit, Pro and the combination of Ala, Cit and Pro effectively protected against annexin binding, decrease of forward scatter and DNA fragmentation in carp erythrocytes induced by ·OH. Furthermore, Gln, Ala, Cit, Pro and the combination of Ala, Cit and Pro effectively blocked ·OH-stimulated erythrocyte hemolysis, reduced the increase of superoxide anion and H(2)O(2) concentrations, inhibited the formation of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls and met-hemoglobin, and prevented the decrease of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities and glutathione content in carp erythrocytes induced by ·OH. In addition, the results suggest that the combination of Ala, Cit and Pro produces a greater anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative effect than their individual effects at the same concentrations. Taken together, the results showed that ·OH induces apoptosis and oxidative damage in carp erythrocytes. In addition to inhibiting apoptosis, Gln, Ala, Cit, Pro and the combination of Ala, Cit and Pro protected carp erythrocytes against oxidative damage induced by ·OH, which may be a major factor in the protection of erythrocytes from apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Tao Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Driedzic WR, Clow KA, Short CE. Glucose uptake and metabolism by RBCs from fish with different extracellular glucose levels. J Exp Biol 2012; 216:437-46. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.079178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Summary
The aim of the study was to assess if mechanisms of glucose trafficking by red blood cells (RBCs) relates to species specific extracellular glucose levels. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus), and short-horned sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) had plasma glucose levels of 4 mmol l-1, 4.1 mmol l-1, 1.95 mmol l-1, and 0.73 mmol l-1, respectively. Glucose uptake by isolated RBCs was measured by the initial incorporation of [6-14C]-glucose and steady state glucose metabolism was determined by the production of 3H2O from [2-3H]-glucose. Saturation kinetics of glucose uptake and inhibition of both glucose uptake and metabolism by cytochalasin B and phloretin revealed that Atlantic cod, cunner, and sculpin RBCs all had a facilitated transport component to glucose trafficking. RBCs from Atlantic salmon showed a linear relationship between glucose uptake and extracellular glucose level but exhibited clear inhibition of glucose metabolism by cytochalasin B and phloretin suggesting a component of facilitated glucose transport that is more elusive to detect. The production of 3H2O was linear for at least 6 hr and as such presents a rigorous approach to measuring glycolytic rate. Steady state rates of glucose metabolism were achieved at extracellular levels of approximately 1 mmol l-1 glucose for RBCs from all species showing that within species normal extracellular glucose level is not a primary determinant of basal level of glycolysis. At physiological levels of extracellular glucose the ratio of initial glucose uptake to glucose metabolism was 1.5 to 4 for all RBCs suggesting that there is scope to increase metabolic rate without alteration of the basal glucose uptake capacity.
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Hamoutene D, Samuelson S, Lush L, Burt K, Drover D, King T, Lee K. In vitro effect of produced water on cod, Gadus morhua, sperm cells and fertilization. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 84:559-563. [PMID: 20405103 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-010-9983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro effect of produced water released by oil and gas platforms was assessed by exposing cod sperm cells to realistic concentrations of this mixture (100, 200, 500 ppm). We investigated produced water impact on enzymes of the aerobic (citrate synthase) and glycolytic metabolism (lactate dehydrogenase), lipid catabolism (lipase), as well as an anti-oxidant enzyme (catalase). Fertilization rates, viability, respiration, ATP, and total motility duration were also evaluated. To explore correlations between these parameters, we have also tested the effect of conserving sperm for 24 h at 4 degrees C. After conservation, fertilization success was decreased but other parameters were not affected. Produced water did not result in a significant change in fertilization; a significant increase in sperm protein amounts and citrate synthase activity can be observed. No correlations are found between parameters showing that sperm viability and unchanged energy levels do not translate into equivalent fertilization capacity. To conclude, exposure of sperm to produced water resulted only in subtle effects on cells. These findings bring information on the effect of produced water on sperm itself rather than on spermatogenesis or testis development of an exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dounia Hamoutene
- NWAFC, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, P.O. Box 5667, St John's, NL A1C5X1, Canada.
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24
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Wells RMG, Baldwin J. Plasma lactate and glucose flushes following burst swimming in silver trevally (Pseudocaranx dentex: Carangidae) support the “releaser” hypothesis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2006; 143:347-52. [PMID: 16459118 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2005] [Revised: 10/19/2005] [Accepted: 12/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Silver trevally (Pseudocaranx dentex) are highly athletic marine teleosts inhabiting the tropical waters of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Burst swimming increased plasma lactate from 1.6 +/- 0.4 S.D. to 21.6 +/- 3.3 mM (N = 6), among the highest values reported for functional hypoxia in fish. These data support the hypothesis that elite swimmers release lactate produced in the myotome into the circulation following anaerobic burst activity. The fish further developed a hyperglycaemic response to burst exercise with plasma glucose increasing from 6.6 +/- 2.0 to 13.2 +/- 2.3 mM (N = 6). Post-exercise erythrocyte swelling also occurred, but nucleoside triphosphate levels remained unaltered and do not provide a mechanism to modulate haemoglobin function during exercise. Metabolism of the blood cells appeared to be fuelled by both lactate and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M G Wells
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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25
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Amat A, Rigau J, Waynant RW, Ilev IK, Anders JJ. The electric field induced by light can explain cellular responses to electromagnetic energy: a hypothesis of mechanism. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2005; 82:152-60. [PMID: 16300958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2005.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2005] [Revised: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
When cells are irradiated with visible and near-infrared wavelengths a variety of stimulatory effects are observed in their metabolism. To explain the observed light effects, researchers try to identify the chromophores that are involved in the processes. However, the mechanism of light absorption by a chromophore does not explain many of the experimental observations and therefore the primary mechanism for cellular light responses remains unproven. In addition to the ability of photons to produce electronic excitation in chromophores, light induces a wave-like alternating electric field in a medium that is able to interact with polar structures and produce dipole transitions. These dipole transitions are analyzed in the present article at different cellular and biochemical levels, leading to the proposal that the primary mechanism for the observed light effects is related to the light-induced electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Amat
- Histology and Neurobiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Rovira i Virgili University, C. Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
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27
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Nagasaka R, Okamoto N, Ushio H. Partial oxidative-stress perturbs membrane permeability and fluidity of fish nucleated red blood cells. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2004; 139:259-66. [PMID: 15683836 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2004.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2004] [Revised: 11/26/2004] [Accepted: 12/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of partial oxidative stress on permeability and fluidity of nucleated fish red blood cells for simulating nucleated somatic cells. Peroxide value indicating lipid hydroperoxide level in nucleated red blood cells of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) increased with increasing body size. We detected that oxidation of nucleated red blood cells led to the degraded PUFA compositions and accelerated the permeability of calcein and ATP in the nucleated red blood cells restrictedly oxidized with 1 mM AAPH treatment for 30 min at 21 degrees C in the dark. Using fluorescence probes, PC3P, we found that oxidative stress reduced the membrane fluidity of nucleated red blood cells. It was also observed that AAPH had no significant influence on the osmotic fragility and electrophoretic profiles of red blood cell proteins. These results suggest that partial oxidative-stress, even if failure to fragment the membrane, may affect membrane permeability of fish nucleated red blood cells for an important energy molecule, ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Nagasaka
- Laboratory of Fish Physiology, Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 5-7 Konan 4, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
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28
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Koldkjaer P, Pottinger TG, Perry SF, Cossins AR. Seasonality of the red blood cell stress response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 207:357-67. [PMID: 14668319 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The beta-adrenergic stress response in red blood cells (RBCs) of rainbow trout shows seasonal changes in expression. We have explored the mechanisms underpinning this response by following, over a period of 27 months, changes in beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) binding characteristics, beta-adrenergically stimulated RBC Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (betaNHE) activity, together with beta-AR and betaNHE mRNA levels and plasma steroid hormone and lactate levels. These parameters were measured at approximately monthly intervals in a single population of fish held under semi-natural conditions. Membrane-bound, high-affinity beta-ARs were present in RBCs at all sampling times, varying from 668+/-112 receptors cell(-1) to 2654+/-882 receptors cell(-1) (mean +/- S.E.M.; N=8). betaNHE activity, however, was reduced by 57% and 34% in December 1999 and February 2001, respectively, compared with an otherwise sustained influx that averaged 110.4+/-2.3 mmol l(-1) RBCs h(-1) (N=119). Only one reduction coincided with a spawning period but both were preceded by transient increases in circulating testosterone. betaNHE activity measured under standard conditions was not correlated with the number or affinity of beta-ARs nor with water temperature, but both beta-AR numbers and betaNHE activity were positively related to their respective mRNA levels (P=0.005 and 0.038, respectively). Pharmaceutical intervention in the transduction cascade linking the beta-AR and betaNHE failed to indicate any failure of the transduction elements in RBCs displaying low betaNHE activity. Similarly, we failed to demonstrate any link between seasonal cortisol fluctuations and seasonally reduced betaNHE activity. However, the betaNHE activity of age-separated RBC fractions showed that younger RBCs had a significantly higher betaNHE response than older RBCs, consistent with the seasonal reductions in betaNHE being linked to turnover of RBCs and erythropoiesis. Testosterone is known to induce erythropoiesis and we conclude that seasonal reductions in betaNHE are not caused by changes in beta-AR numbers but may be linked to testosterone-induced erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Koldkjaer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, The Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
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29
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Tufts BL, Esbaugh A, Lund SG. Comparative physiology and molecular evolution of carbonic anhydrase in the erythrocytes of early vertebrates. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2003; 136:259-69. [PMID: 14511745 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(03)00159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The different isozymes of carbonic anhydrase (CA) have been the subject of intensive study in mammals, but there is still much to be learned about the early evolution of this enzyme in vertebrates. Erythrocyte CA plays an essential role in the respiratory processes of most vertebrates and is probably the most well studied CA isozyme. The available evidence indicates that there has been a progressive increase in the efficiency of erythrocyte CA during the early evolution of vertebrates. There also appears to be a substantial increase in erythrocyte CA activity during development in some species. At the present time, however, the selective pressures that may be influencing the properties of erythrocyte CA during vertebrate evolution and development have not been clearly determined. When the available molecular sequence information is examined, it is evident that the erythrocyte CAs of early vertebrates have active sites that are more similar to those of mammalian CA VII and II, rather than CA I. We can now also begin to examine the phylogenetic relationships between the different rbc CAs in vertebrates, but more CA sequence information is clearly required from different groups of vertebrates before we have a complete picture of the molecular evolution of erythrocyte CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Tufts
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Biosciences Complex, K7L 3N6, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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Nikinmaa M, Bogdanova A, Lecklin T. Oxygen dependency of the adrenergic Na/H exchange in rainbow trout erythrocytes is diminished by a hydroxyl radical scavenger. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2003; 178:149-54. [PMID: 12780389 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.2003.01120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Potassium transport via the potassium chloride cotransporter in rainbow trout erythrocytes is increased by high oxygen tension. It appears that the effect of oxygen is mediated by reactive oxygen species, especially hydroxyl radicals. In contrast, the activity of adrenergically stimulated sodium proton exchange decreases with increasing oxygen tension. As available data suggest that the two transporters are regulated reciprocally, the present study was undertaken to evaluate, if hydroxyl radicals may inhibit sodium transport via the adrenergically stimulated sodium proton exchanger. METHODS The effects of the hydroxyl radical scavenger, 2 mm mercaptopropionyl glycine (MPG), on the activity of the adrenergically activated sodium proton exchange in rainbow trout erythrocytes were examined by measuring unidirectional sodium flux, using radioactive isotope, and cellular water content. RESULTS The activity of the sodium proton exchange increased with decreasing oxygen tension after adrenergic stimulation. When MPG was present during incubation, there was no statistically significant effect of oxygen tension on the adrenergically stimulated sodium proton exchange, whereby the activity of the transporter at atmospheric oxygen tension was markedly higher in the presence than in the absence of MPG. In the absence of adrenergic stimulation, MPG did not influence the transporter activity significantly at any oxygen tension. CONCLUSION The data suggest that hydroxyl radicals are involved in the inhibition of the adrenergically stimulated sodium proton exchange at elevated oxygen tensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nikinmaa
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
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Passantino L, Altamura M, Cianciotta A, Patruno R, Tafaro A, Jirillo E, Passantino GF. Fish immunology. I. Binding and engulfment of Candida albicans by erythrocytes of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2002; 24:665-78. [PMID: 12510797 DOI: 10.1081/iph-120016050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The role of fish erythrocytes (FE) as phagocytic cells has poorly been investigated, until now. Here, we have focussed our attention on the interplay between rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) erythrocytes and Candida albicans (CA). At the same time, the intervention of autologous head kidney macrophages (MO) in the CA processing by FE has been studied. Data show that CA particles bind to FE, which, in turn, are able to engulf but not kill them. In the presence of MO, a decrease of FE with bound CA occurs and, in some microscopic images, FE form rosettes with MO. Phagocytosis of CA is higher in rosetting MO than in non-rosetting ones. According to our findings, it appears that FE represent a reservoir of engulfed CA and rosetting is an efficacious phenomenon of presentation of pathogens to MO, where an effective clearance of them can take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Passantino
- Department of Animal Health and Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Italy
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Nikinmaa M. Oxygen-dependent cellular functions--why fishes and their aquatic environment are a prime choice of study. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2002; 133:1-16. [PMID: 12160868 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the variability of oxygen tension in aquatic, especially the freshwater environment, oxygen has been a major force in the evolution of fishes. Their long evolutionary history, and the present different oxygen requirements between species, and acclimatory responses to hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions make fishes prime models in the study of oxygen-dependent cellular functions and their regulation. In the present article oxygen-dependent membrane transport, cellular signalling, energy metabolism, gene expression and apoptosis are reviewed with an emphasis on available results on fish. Available data on oxygen sensing are described and examples on the cascade from sensing oxygen to its physiological effects are given. From the data it is clear that hitherto fish have not been utilised in the study of oxygen-dependent cellular regulation as much as their evolutionary history and present oxygen requirements would give possibilities to. Even more generally, oxygen has hitherto seldom been a carefully controlled key variable in experimental cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Nikinmaa
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014, Turku, Finland.
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Moyes CD, Sharma ML, Lyons C, Leary SC, Leon M, Petrie A, Lund SG, Tufts BL. Origins and consequences of mitochondrial decline in nucleated erythrocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1591:11-20. [PMID: 12183050 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(02)00224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cellular aging in nucleated erythrocytes from lower vertebrates is accompanied by losses in mitochondria but it remains unclear (i) how these losses accrue (ii) if these changes alter energetics and (iii) whether such changes increase the propensity for apoptosis. We addressed these questions using trout erythrocytes that were separated into age classes using inherent differences in buoyant density. The oldest cells showed a profound decline in mtDNA transcripts, due to reductions in both transcription (90% decline in total RNA) and mtDNA copy number (35%). No alterations in the ratio of 16S rRNA to COX I mRNA were detected, nor was there an accumulation of unprocessed mtDNA transcripts. While older cells had reduced basal respiration, there were no changes in mitochondrial enzymes stoichiometries, tissue ATP levels or dinitrophenol-induced (maximal) respiration rates. Apoptosis could not be induced in either whole blood, young or old erythrocytes by pro-oxidants, mitochondrial inhibitors or staurosporine. In contrast, cyclosporin A (CsA) caused caspase 3 activation, DNA laddering and LDH leakage, but only in young cells. Both CsA and a combination of azide, oligomycin and dinitrophenol cause mitochondrial depolarization and caspase 9 activation, but only CsA induced caspase 3 and apoptosis. Caspase inhibitor studies support the conclusion that mitochondrial changes may accompany CsA-induced cell death, but are not essential in its progression. While pifithrin failed to induce cell death, it enhanced the effects of CsA, implicating a role for p53. Collectively, these studies suggest that the mitochondrial changes with aging do not compromise cellular function, although trout erythrocytes can initiate apoptosis by non-mitochondrial pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Moyes
- Biosciences Complex, Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6.
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Frische S, Bruno S, Fago A, Weber RE, Mozzarelli A. Oxygen binding by single red blood cells from the red-eared turtle Trachemys scripta. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2001; 90:1679-84. [PMID: 11299255 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2001.90.5.1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen-binding properties of single red blood cells from the red-eared turtle Trachemys scripta were measured by microspectrophotometry to describe the variation in oxygen affinity of red blood cells and to gain insight into the distribution of functionally different hemoglobins among red blood cells. Methodologically, this study represents the first report on the cell-to-cell variation in oxygen-binding properties based on oxygen-binding curves of single vertebrate red blood cells. The cells differed significantly with respect to oxygen affinity. Mean oxygen pressure at half saturation of the cells in a blood sample was found to be 20.1 +/- 3.3 (SD) Torr. The distribution of oxygen affinities among red blood cells is unimodal, indicating that the two hemoglobins found in turtle blood are not segregated in distinct cells. Therefore, the functional interaction shown by these hemoglobins in vitro is likely to take place in vivo. The considerable variation in oxygen affinity between individual red blood cells calls for its incorporation in models of tissue oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Frische
- Danish Centre for Respiratory Adaptation, Department of Zoophysiology, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Lecklin T, Tuominen A, Nikinmaa M. The adrenergic volume changes of immature and mature rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) erythrocytes. J Exp Biol 2000; 203:3025-31. [PMID: 10976039 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.203.19.3025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined whether the adrenergic volume response of teleost erythrocytes is related to cell maturity. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were made anaemic by reducing their haematocrit to approximately 50 % of the original value. After 3–4 weeks, small, young erythrocytes were seen in the circulation. By measuring the volume distribution of blood samples from anaemic fish before and after noradrenaline stimulation (10 min, 10(−5)mol l(−1) final concentration), we were able to show that the volume response of young, immature erythrocytes to catecholamine stimulation was greater than that of mature erythrocytes. In addition, the membrane fluidity, measured using the steady-state fluorescence polarisation method, was greater in anaemic fish after 24 days of recovery from bleeding than in control fish. Since blood from anaemic fish contained a large fraction of immature erythrocytes, this result indicates that the fluidity of the membrane of immature erythrocytes is greater than that of mature erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lecklin
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
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Lund SG, Phillips MC, Moyes CD, Tufts BL. The effects of cell ageing on protein synthesis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) red blood cells. J Exp Biol 2000; 203:2219-28. [PMID: 10862734 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.203.14.2219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cell age on protein synthesis were examined in the nucleated red blood cells of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Total DNA content was unaffected by cell age, whereas total RNA content in young red blood cells was roughly ten times as high as that in old red blood cells. The mRNA levels for haemoglobin, carbonic anhydrase and the chloride/bicarbonate (Cl(−)/HCO(3)(−)) exchanger were also approximately tenfold higher in young red blood cells. Although young red blood cells synthesized roughly five times more protein under steady-state conditions, total protein concentration was not affected by cell age. Despite large reductions in mRNA levels with red blood cell ageing, the concentrations and/or activities of the respiratory proteins were largely preserved. In contrast, the ability to mount a heat shock response was greatly reduced in older red blood cells. Young red blood cells produced 13 times more heat shock protein 70 mRNA following heat shock and four times more 70 kDa protein after recovery. They also transcribed much more heat shock cognate 71 and heat shock factor mRNA than did older red blood cells under steady-state conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Lund
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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