1
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Liu M, Duan Y, Dong J, Zhang K, Jin X, Gao M, Jia H, Chen J, Liu M, Wei M, Zhong X. Early signs of neurodegenerative diseases: Possible mechanisms and targets for Golgi stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116646. [PMID: 38692058 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in mediating the modification, transport, and sorting of intracellular proteins and lipids. The morphological changes occurring in the Golgi apparatus are exceptionally important for maintaining its function. When exposed to external pressure or environmental stimulation, the Golgi apparatus undergoes adaptive changes in both structure and function, which are known as Golgi stress. Although certain signal pathway responses or post-translational modifications have been observed following Golgi stress, further research is needed to comprehensively summarize and understand the related mechanisms. Currently, there is evidence linking Golgi stress to neurodegenerative diseases; however, the role of Golgi stress in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease remains largely unexplored. This review focuses on the structural and functional alterations of the Golgi apparatus during stress, elucidating potential mechanisms underlying the involvement of Golgi stress in regulating immunity, autophagy, and metabolic processes. Additionally, it highlights the pivotal role of Golgi stress as an early signaling event implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, this study summarizes prospective targets that can be therapeutically exploited to mitigate neurodegenerative diseases by targeting Golgi stress. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for identifying novel breakthroughs in preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Ying Duan
- Liaoning Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shayang, Liaoning 110005, China
| | - Jianru Dong
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Kaisong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Menglin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Huachao Jia
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Ju Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Mingyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shenyang, Liaoning 110167, China.
| | - Xin Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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2
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Kim WK, Choi W, Deshar B, Kang S, Kim J. Golgi Stress Response: New Insights into the Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets of Human Diseases. Mol Cells 2023; 46:191-199. [PMID: 36574967 PMCID: PMC10086555 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.2152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus modifies and transports secretory and membrane proteins. In some instances, the production of secretory and membrane proteins exceeds the capacity of the Golgi apparatus, including vesicle trafficking and the post-translational modification of macromolecules. These proteins are not modified or delivered appropriately due to insufficiency in the Golgi function. These conditions disturb Golgi homeostasis and induce a cellular condition known as Golgi stress, causing cells to activate the 'Golgi stress response,' which is a homeostatic process to increase the capacity of the Golgi based on cellular requirements. Since the Golgi functions are diverse, several response pathways involving TFE3, HSP47, CREB3, proteoglycan, mucin, MAPK/ETS, and PERK regulate the capacity of each Golgi function separately. Understanding the Golgi stress response is crucial for revealing the mechanisms underlying Golgi dynamics and its effect on human health because many signaling molecules are related to diseases, ranging from viral infections to fatal neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, it is valuable to summarize and investigate the mechanisms underlying Golgi stress response in disease pathogenesis, as they may contribute to developing novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we investigate the perturbations and stress signaling of the Golgi, as well as the therapeutic potentials of new strategies for treating Golgi stress-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kyu Kim
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Wooseon Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Barsha Deshar
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Shinwon Kang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G, Canada
| | - Jiyoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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3
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Khine MN, Sakurai K. Golgi-Targeting Anticancer Natural Products. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072086. [PMID: 37046746 PMCID: PMC10093635 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis by serving as a biosynthetic center for glycans, lipids and post-translationally modified proteins and as a sorting center for vesicular transport of proteins to specific destinations. Moreover, it provides a signaling hub that facilitates not only membrane trafficking processes but also cellular response pathways to various types of stresses. Altered signaling at the Golgi apparatus has emerged as a key regulator of tumor growth and survival. Among the small molecules that can specifically perturb or modulate Golgi proteins and organization, natural products with anticancer property have been identified as powerful chemical probes in deciphering Golgi-related pathways and, in particular, recently described Golgi stress response pathways. In this review, we highlight a set of Golgi-targeting natural products that enabled the characterization of the Golgi-mediated signaling events leading to cancer cell death and discuss the potential for selectively exploiting these pathways for the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents.
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Common Markers and Small Molecule Inhibitors in Golgi Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2557:453-493. [PMID: 36512231 PMCID: PMC10178357 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2639-9_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, we provide a detailed guide for the application of commonly used small molecules to study Golgi structure and function in vitro. Furthermore, we have curated a concise, validated list of endomembrane markers typically used in downstream assays to examine the consequent effect on the Golgi via microscopy and western blot after drug treatment. This chapter will be useful for researchers beginning their foray into the field of intracellular trafficking and Golgi biology.
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Yamaguchi H, Meyer MD, He L, Komatsu Y. Disruption of Trip11 in cranial neural crest cells is associated with increased ER and Golgi stress contributing to skull defects in mice. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:1209-1222. [PMID: 35147267 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Absence of Golgi microtubule-associated protein 210 (GMAP210), encoded by the TRIP11 gene, results in achondrogenesis. Although TRIP11 is thought to be specifically required for chondrogenesis, human fetuses with the mutation of TRIP11 also display bony skull defects where chondrocytes are usually not present. This raises an important question of how TRIP11 functions in bony skull development. RESULTS We disrupted Trip11 in neural crest-derived cell populations, which are critical for developing skull in mice. In Trip11 mutant skulls, expression levels of ER stress markers were increased compared to controls. Morphological analysis of electron microscopy data revealed swollen ER in Trip11 mutant skulls. Unexpectedly, we also found that Golgi stress increased in Trip11 mutant skulls, suggesting that both ER and Golgi stress-induced cell death may lead to osteopenia-like phenotypes in Trip11 mutant skulls. These data suggest that Trip11 plays pivotal roles in the regulation of ER and Golgi stress, which are critical for osteogenic cell survival. CONCLUSION We have recently reported that the molecular complex of ciliary protein and GMAP210 is required for collagen trafficking. In this paper, we further characterized the important role of Trip11 being possibly involved in the regulation of ER and Golgi stress during skull development. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew D Meyer
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li He
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Komatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Graduate Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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6
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Linders PTA, Ioannidis M, ter Beest M, van den Bogaart G. Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of pH along the Secretory Pathway. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:240-251. [PMID: 35000377 PMCID: PMC8787756 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Many cellular processes
are dependent on correct pH levels, and
this is especially important for the secretory pathway. Defects in
pH homeostasis in distinct organelles cause a wide range of diseases,
including disorders of glycosylation and lysosomal storage diseases.
Ratiometric imaging of the pH-sensitive mutant of green fluorescent
protein, pHLuorin, has allowed for targeted pH measurements in various
organelles, but the required sequential image acquisition is intrinsically
slow and therefore the temporal resolution is unsuitable to follow
the rapid transit of cargo between organelles. Therefore, we applied
fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to measure intraorganellar
pH with just a single excitation wavelength. We first validated this
method by confirming the pH in multiple compartments along the secretory
pathway and compared the pH values obtained by the FLIM-based measurements
with those obtained by conventional ratiometric imaging. Then, we
analyzed the dynamic pH changes within cells treated with Bafilomycin
A1, to block the vesicular ATPase, and Brefeldin A, to block endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)–Golgi trafficking. Finally, we followed the
pH changes of newly synthesized molecules of the inflammatory cytokine
tumor necrosis factor-α while they were in transit from the
ER via the Golgi to the plasma membrane. The toolbox we present here
can be applied to measure intracellular pH with high spatial and temporal
resolution and can be used to assess organellar pH in disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. A. Linders
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Melina Ioannidis
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Martin ter Beest
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, Netherlands
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7
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Bui S, Mejia I, Díaz B, Wang Y. Adaptation of the Golgi Apparatus in Cancer Cell Invasion and Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:806482. [PMID: 34957124 PMCID: PMC8703019 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.806482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays a central role in normal cell physiology by promoting cell survival, facilitating proliferation, and enabling cell-cell communication and migration. These roles are partially mediated by well-known Golgi functions, including post-translational modifications, lipid biosynthesis, intracellular trafficking, and protein secretion. In addition, accumulating evidence indicates that the Golgi plays a critical role in sensing and integrating external and internal cues to promote cellular homeostasis. Indeed, the unique structure of the mammalian Golgi can be fine-tuned to adapt different Golgi functions to specific cellular needs. This is particularly relevant in the context of cancer, where unrestrained proliferation and aberrant survival and migration increase the demands in Golgi functions, as well as the need for Golgi-dependent sensing and adaptation to intrinsic and extrinsic stressors. Here, we review and discuss current understanding of how the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus is influenced by oncogenic transformation, and how this adaptation may facilitate cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bui
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Isabel Mejia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Hematology and Oncology, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Begoña Díaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Hematology and Oncology, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States.,David Geffen School of Medicine and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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8
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Gao J, Gao A, Liu W, Chen L. Golgi stress response: A regulatory mechanism of Golgi function. Biofactors 2021; 47:964-974. [PMID: 34500494 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The organelle of eukaryotes is a finely regulated system. Once disturbed, it activates the specific autoregulatory systems, namely, organelle autoregulation. Among which, the Golgi stress response accounts for one. When the abundance and capacity of the Golgi apparatus are insufficient compared with cellular demand, the Golgi stress response is activated to enhance the function of the Golgi apparatus. Although the molecular mechanism of the Golgi stress response has not been well characterized yet, it seems to be an important part of the mammalian stress response. In this review, we discuss the current status of research on the six pathways of the mammalian Golgi stress response (the TFE3, heat shock protein 47, CREB3, E26 transformation specific, proteoglycan, and mucin pathways), which regulate the general function of the Golgi apparatus, anti-apoptosis, pro-apoptosis, proteoglycan glycosylation, and mucin glycosylation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Anbo Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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9
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Paul BD. Signaling Overlap between the Golgi Stress Response and Cysteine Metabolism in Huntington's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091468. [PMID: 34573100 PMCID: PMC8465517 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by expansion of polyglutamine repeats in the protein huntingtin, which affects the corpus striatum of the brain. The polyglutamine repeats in mutant huntingtin cause its aggregation and elicit toxicity by affecting several cellular processes, which include dysregulated organellar stress responses. The Golgi apparatus not only plays key roles in the transport, processing, and targeting of proteins, but also functions as a sensor of stress, signaling through the Golgi stress response. Unlike the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, the Golgi stress response is relatively unexplored. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying the Golgi stress response and its intersection with cysteine metabolism in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu D. Paul
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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10
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Yue X, Qian Y, Zhu L, Gim B, Bao M, Jia J, Jing S, Wang Y, Tan C, Bottanelli F, Ziltener P, Choi S, Hao P, Lee I. ACBD3 modulates KDEL receptor interaction with PKA for its trafficking via tubulovesicular carrier. BMC Biol 2021; 19:194. [PMID: 34493279 PMCID: PMC8424950 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background KDEL receptor helps establish cellular equilibrium in the early secretory pathway by recycling leaked ER-chaperones to the ER during secretion of newly synthesized proteins. Studies have also shown that KDEL receptor may function as a signaling protein that orchestrates membrane flux through the secretory pathway. We have recently shown that KDEL receptor is also a cell surface receptor, which undergoes highly complex itinerary between trans-Golgi network and the plasma membranes via clathrin-mediated transport carriers. Ironically, however, it is still largely unknown how KDEL receptor is distributed to the Golgi at steady state, since its initial discovery in late 1980s. Results We used a proximity-based in vivo tagging strategy to further dissect mechanisms of KDEL receptor trafficking. Our new results reveal that ACBD3 may be a key protein that regulates KDEL receptor trafficking via modulation of Arf1-dependent tubule formation. We demonstrate that ACBD3 directly interact with KDEL receptor and form a functionally distinct protein complex in ArfGAPs-independent manner. Depletion of ACBD3 results in re-localization of KDEL receptor to the ER by inducing accelerated retrograde trafficking of KDEL receptor. Importantly, this is caused by specifically altering KDEL receptor interaction with Protein Kinase A and Arf1/ArfGAP1, eventually leading to increased Arf1-GTP-dependent tubular carrier formation at the Golgi. Conclusions These results suggest that ACBD3 may function as a negative regulator of PKA activity on KDEL receptor, thereby restricting its retrograde trafficking in the absence of KDEL ligand binding. Since ACBD3 was originally identified as PAP7, a PBR/PKA-interacting protein at the Golgi/mitochondria, we propose that Golgi-localization of KDEL receptor is likely to be controlled by its interaction with ACBD3/PKA complex at steady state, providing a novel insight for establishment of cellular homeostasis in the early secretory pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01137-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihua Yue
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Qian
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianhui Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Bopil Gim
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjing Bao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Jia
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaiyang Jing
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanting Tan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Francesca Bottanelli
- Institut für Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascal Ziltener
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sunkyu Choi
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Piliang Hao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Intaek Lee
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Hansen MB, Postol M, Tvingsholm S, Nielsen IØ, Dietrich TN, Puustinen P, Maeda K, Dinant C, Strauss R, Egan D, Jäättelä M, Kallunki T. Identification of lysosome-targeting drugs with anti-inflammatory activity as potential invasion inhibitors of treatment resistant HER2 positive cancers. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:805-820. [PMID: 33939112 PMCID: PMC8090911 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Most HER2 positive invasive cancers are either intrinsic non-responsive or develop resistance when treated with 1st line HER2 targeting drugs. Both 1st and 2nd line treatments of HER2 positive cancers are aimed at targeting the HER2 receptor directly, thereby strongly limiting the treatment options of HER2/ErbB2 inhibition resistant invasive cancers. METHODS We used phenotypic high throughput microscopy screening to identify efficient inhibitors of ErbB2-induced invasion using 1st line HER2 inhibitor trastuzumab- and pertuzumab-resistant, p95-ErbB2 expressing breast cancer cells in conjunction with the Prestwick Chemical Library®. The screening entailed a drug's ability to inhibit ErbB2-induced, invasion-promoting positioning of lysosomes at the cellular periphery, a phenotype that defines their invasiveness. In addition, we used high throughput microscopy and biochemical assays to assess the effects of the drugs on lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and autophagy, two features connected to cancer treatment. Using 2nd line HER2 inhibitor lapatinib resistant 3-dimensional model systems, we assessed the effects of the drugs on ErbB2 positive breast cancer spheroids and developed a high-throughput invasion assay for HER2 positive ovarian cancer organoids for further evaluation. RESULTS We identified Auranofin, Colchicine, Monensin, Niclosamide, Podophyllotoxin, Quinacrine and Thiostrepton as efficient inhibitors of invasive growth of 2nd line HER2 inhibitor lapatinib resistant breast cancer spheroids and ovarian cancer organoids. We classified these drugs into four groups based on their ability to target lysosomes by inducing autophagy and/or LMP, i.e., drugs inducing early LMP, early autophagy with late LMP, late LMP, or neither. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that targetable lysosome-engaging cellular pathways downstream of ErbB2 contribute to invasion. They support lysosomal trafficking as an attractive target for therapy aiming at preventing the spreading of cancer cells. Since these drugs additionally possess anti-inflammatory activities, they could serve as multipurpose drugs simultaneously targeting infection/inflammation and cancer spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Bredahl Hansen
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Postol
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siri Tvingsholm
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inger Ødum Nielsen
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tiina Naumanen Dietrich
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pietri Puustinen
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffel Dinant
- Genome Integrity Group, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Core Facility for Bioimaging, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Strauss
- Genome Integrity Group, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Egan
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Core Life Analytics, Padualaan, 83584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tuula Kallunki
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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12
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Nthiga TM, Shrestha BK, Bruun JA, Larsen KB, Lamark T, Johansen T. Regulation of Golgi turnover by CALCOCO1-mediated selective autophagy. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212004. [PMID: 33871553 PMCID: PMC8059076 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202006128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi complex is essential for the processing, sorting, and trafficking of newly synthesized proteins and lipids. Golgi turnover is regulated to meet different cellular physiological demands. The role of autophagy in the turnover of Golgi, however, has not been clarified. Here we show that CALCOCO1 binds the Golgi-resident palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC17 to facilitate Golgi degradation by autophagy during starvation. Depletion of CALCOCO1 in cells causes expansion of the Golgi and accumulation of its structural and membrane proteins. ZDHHC17 itself is degraded by autophagy together with other Golgi membrane proteins such as TMEM165. Taken together, our data suggest a model in which CALCOCO1 mediates selective Golgiphagy to control Golgi size and morphology in eukaryotic cells via its interaction with ZDHHC17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddaeus Mutugi Nthiga
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Birendra Kumar Shrestha
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jack-Ansgar Bruun
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kenneth Bowitz Larsen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trond Lamark
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Johansen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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13
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Shi Y, Cai EL, Yang C, Ye CY, Zeng P, Wang XM, Fang YY, Cheng ZK, Wang Q, Cao FY, Zhou XW, Tian Q. Protection of melatonin against acidosis-induced neuronal injuries. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6928-6942. [PMID: 32364678 PMCID: PMC7299701 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidosis, a common feature of cerebral ischaemia and hypoxia, plays a key role in these pathological processes by aggravating the ischaemic and hypoxic injuries. To explore the mechanisms, in this research, we cultured primary neurons in an acidic environment (potential of hydrogen [pH]6.2, 24 hours) to mimic the acidosis. By proteomic analysis, 69 differentially expressed proteins in the acidic neurons were found, mainly related to stress and cell death, synaptic plasticity and gene transcription. And, the acidotic neurons developed obvious alterations including increased neuronal death, reduced dendritic length and complexity, reduced synaptic proteins, tau hyperphosphorylation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation, abnormal lysosome‐related signals, imbalanced oxidative stress/anti‐oxidative stress and decreased Golgi matrix proteins. Then, melatonin (1 × 10−4 mol/L) was used to pre‐treat the cultured primary neurons before acidic treatment (pH6.2). The results showed that melatonin partially reversed the acidosis‐induced neuronal death, abnormal dendritic complexity, reductions of synaptic proteins, tau hyperphosphorylation and imbalance of kinase/phosphatase. In addition, acidosis related the activations of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β and nuclear factor‐κB signals, ER stress and Golgi stress, and the abnormal autophagy‐lysosome signals were completely reversed by melatonin. These data indicate that melatonin is beneficial for neurons against acidosis‐induced injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Er-Li Cai
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Emergency Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao-Yuan Ye
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying-Yan Fang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Kang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fu-Yuan Cao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Wen Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Ireland S, Ramnarayanan S, Fu M, Zhang X, Zhang J, Li J, Emebo D, Wang Y. Cytosolic Ca 2+ Modulates Golgi Structure Through PKCα-Mediated GRASP55 Phosphorylation. iScience 2020; 23:100952. [PMID: 32179476 PMCID: PMC7078314 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well documented that the ER responds to cellular stresses through the unfolded protein response (UPR), but it is unknown how the Golgi responds to similar stresses. In this study, we treated HeLa cells with ER stress inducers, thapsigargin (TG), tunicamycin (Tm), and dithiothreitol (DTT), and found that only TG treatment resulted in Golgi fragmentation. TG induced Golgi fragmentation at a low dose and short time when UPR was undetectable, indicating that Golgi fragmentation occurs independently of ER stress. Further experiments demonstrated that TG induces Golgi fragmentation through elevating intracellular Ca2+ and protein kinase Cα (PKCα) activity, which phosphorylates the Golgi stacking protein GRASP55. Significantly, activation of PKCα with other activating or inflammatory agents, including phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and histamine, modulates Golgi structure in a similar fashion. Hence, our study revealed a novel mechanism through which increased cytosolic Ca2+ modulates Golgi structure and function. Thapsigargin (TG) treatment leads to Golgi fragmentation independent of ER stress TG induces Golgi fragmentation through elevated cytosolic Ca2+ TG-induced cytosolic Ca2+ spikes activate PKCα that phosphorylates GRASP55 Histamine modulates the Golgi structure and function by a similar mechanism
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ireland
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Biological Sciences Building, 1105 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085, USA
| | - Saiprasad Ramnarayanan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Biological Sciences Building, 1105 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085, USA
| | - Mingzhou Fu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Biological Sciences Building, 1105 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Biological Sciences Building, 1105 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085, USA
| | - Jianchao Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Biological Sciences Building, 1105 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Biological Sciences Building, 1105 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085, USA
| | - Dabel Emebo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Biological Sciences Building, 1105 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085, USA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Biological Sciences Building, 1105 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085, USA.
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15
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Golgi organization is regulated by proteasomal degradation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:409. [PMID: 31964869 PMCID: PMC6972958 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi is a dynamic organelle whose correct assembly is crucial for cellular homeostasis. Perturbations in Golgi structure are associated with numerous disorders from neurodegeneration to cancer. However, whether and how dispersal of the Golgi apparatus is actively regulated under stress, and the consequences of Golgi dispersal, remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that 26S proteasomes are associated with the cytosolic surface of Golgi membranes to facilitate Golgi Apparatus-Related Degradation (GARD) and degradation of GM130 in response to Golgi stress. The degradation of GM130 is dependent on p97/VCP and 26S proteasomes, and required for Golgi dispersal. Finally, we show that perturbation of Golgi homeostasis induces cell death of multiple myeloma in vitro and in vivo, offering a therapeutic strategy for this malignancy. Taken together, this work reveals a mechanism of Golgi-localized proteasomal degradation, providing a functional link between proteostasis control and Golgi architecture, which may be critical in various secretion-related pathologies. Correct Golgi assembly is important to cellular homeostasis but regulation of its structure under stress remains unclear. Here, the authors identify stress-induced degradation of GM130 by Golgi-localized 26S proteasomes, leading to Golgi dispersal.
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16
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Al-wajeeh AS, Salhimi SM, Al-Mansoub MA, Khalid IA, Harvey TM, Latiff A, Ismail MN. Comparative proteomic analysis of different stages of breast cancer tissues using ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227404. [PMID: 31945087 PMCID: PMC6964830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the fifth most prevalent cause of death among women worldwide. It is also one of the most common types of cancer among Malaysian women. This study aimed to characterize and differentiate the proteomics profiles of different stages of breast cancer and its matched adjacent normal tissues in Malaysian breast cancer patients. Also, this study aimed to construct a pertinent protein pathway involved in each stage of cancer. METHODS In total, 80 samples of tumor and matched adjacent normal tissues were collected from breast cancer patients at Seberang Jaya Hospital (SJH) and Kepala Batas Hospital (KBH), both in Penang, Malaysia. The protein expression profiles of breast cancer and normal tissues were mapped by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The Gel-Eluted Liquid Fractionation Entrapment Electrophoresis (GELFREE) Technology System was used for the separation and fractionation of extracted proteins, which also were analyzed to maximize protein detection. The protein fractions were then analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis using LC/MS LTQ-Orbitrap Fusion and Elite. This study identified the proteins contained within the tissue samples using de novo sequencing and database matching via PEAKS software. We performed two different pathway analyses, DAVID and STRING, in the sets of proteins from stage 2 and stage 3 breast cancer samples. The lists of molecules were generated by the REACTOME-FI plugin, part of the CYTOSCAPE tool, and linker nodes were added in order to generate a connected network. Then, pathway enrichment was obtained, and a graphical model was created to depict the participation of the input proteins as well as the linker nodes. RESULTS This study identified 12 proteins that were detected in stage 2 tumor tissues, and 17 proteins that were detected in stage 3 tumor tissues, related to their normal counterparts. It also identified some proteins that were present in stage 2 but not stage 3 and vice versa. Based on these results, this study clarified unique proteins pathways involved in carcinogenesis within stage 2 and stage 3 breast cancers. CONCLUSIONS This study provided some useful insights about the proteins associated with breast cancer carcinogenesis and could establish an important foundation for future cancer-related discoveries using differential proteomics profiling. Beyond protein identification, this study considered the interaction, function, network, signaling pathway, and protein pathway involved in each profile. These results suggest that knowledge of protein expression, especially in stage 2 and stage 3 breast cancer, can provide important clues that may enable the discovery of novel biomarkers in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Saleh Al-wajeeh
- Anti-Doping Lab Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohd Nazri Ismail
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang, Malaysia
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17
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Sprooten J, Garg AD. Type I interferons and endoplasmic reticulum stress in health and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 350:63-118. [PMID: 32138904 PMCID: PMC7104985 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) comprise of pro-inflammatory cytokines created, as well as sensed, by all nucleated cells with the main objective of blocking pathogens-driven infections. Owing to this broad range of influence, type I IFNs also exhibit critical functions in many sterile inflammatory diseases and immunopathologies, especially those associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-driven signaling pathways. Indeed, over the years accumulating evidence has indicated that the presence of ER stress can influence the production, or sensing of, type I IFNs induced by perturbations like pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonists, infections (bacterial, viral or parasitic) or autoimmunity. In this article we discuss the link between type I IFNs and ER stress in various diseased contexts. We describe how ER stress regulates type I IFNs production or sensing, or how type I IFNs may induce ER stress, in various circumstances like microbial infections, autoimmunity, diabetes, cancer and other ER stress-related contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sprooten
- Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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18
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Pituitary cell translation and secretory capacities are enhanced cell autonomously by the transcription factor Creb3l2. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3960. [PMID: 31481663 PMCID: PMC6722061 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation is a basic cellular process and its capacity is adapted to cell function. In particular, secretory cells achieve high protein synthesis levels without triggering the protein stress response. It is unknown how and when translation capacity is increased during differentiation. Here, we show that the transcription factor Creb3l2 is a scaling factor for translation capacity in pituitary secretory cells and that it directly binds ~75% of regulatory and effector genes for translation. In parallel with this cell-autonomous mechanism, implementation of the physiological UPR pathway prevents triggering the protein stress response. Knockout mice for Tpit, a pituitary differentiation factor, show that Creb3l2 expression and its downstream regulatory network are dependent on Tpit. Further, Creb3l2 acts by direct targeting of translation effector genes in parallel with signaling pathways that otherwise regulate protein synthesis. Expression of Creb3l2 may be a useful means to enhance production of therapeutic proteins.
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19
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Pothukuchi P, Agliarulo I, Russo D, Rizzo R, Russo F, Parashuraman S. Translation of genome to glycome: role of the Golgi apparatus. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2390-2411. [PMID: 31330561 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycans are one of the four biopolymers of the cell and they play important roles in cellular and organismal physiology. They consist of both linear and branched structures and are synthesized in a nontemplated manner in the secretory pathway of mammalian cells with the Golgi apparatus playing a key role in the process. In spite of the absence of a template, the glycans synthesized by a cell are not a random collection of possible glycan structures but a distribution of specific glycans in defined quantities that is unique to each cell type (Cell type here refers to distinct cell forms present in an organism that can be distinguished based on morphological, phenotypic and/or molecular criteria.) While information to produce cell type-specific glycans is encoded in the genome, how this information is translated into cell type-specific glycome (Glycome refers to the quantitative distribution of all glycan structures present in a given cell type.) is not completely understood. We summarize here the factors that are known to influence the fidelity of glycan biosynthesis and integrate them into known glycosylation pathways so as to rationalize the translation of genetic information to cell type-specific glycome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathyush Pothukuchi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ilenia Agliarulo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy
| | - Domenico Russo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Russo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy
| | - Seetharaman Parashuraman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy
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20
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Sasaki K, Yoshida H. Golgi stress response and organelle zones. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2330-2340. [PMID: 31344260 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Organelles have been studied traditionally as single units, but a novel concept is now emerging: each organelle has distinct functional zones that regulate specific functions. The Golgi apparatus seems to have various zones, including zones for: glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins; proteoglycan, mucin and lipid glycosylation; transport of cholesterol and ceramides; protein degradation (Golgi membrane-associated degradation); and signalling for apoptosis. The capacity for these specific functions and the size of the corresponding zones appear to be tightly regulated by the Golgi stress response to accommodate cellular demands. For instance, the proteoglycan and mucin zones seem to be separately augmented during the differentiation of chondrocytes and goblet cells, respectively. The mammalian Golgi stress response consists of several response pathways. The TFE3 pathway regulates the general function of the Golgi, such as structural maintenance, N-glycosylation and vesicular transport, whereas the proteoglycan pathway increases the expression of glycosylation enzymes for proteoglycans. The CREB3 and HSP47 pathways regulate pro- and anti-apoptotic functions, respectively. These observations indicate that the Golgi is a dynamic organelle, the capacity of which is upregulated according to cellular needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiderou Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Japan
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21
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Oh-Hashi K, Takahashi K, Hirata Y. Regulation of the ER-bound transcription factor Luman/CREB3 in HEK293 cells. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2771-2778. [PMID: 31291699 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
CREB3 is a transcription factor localized to the ER. Here, we investigated endogenous CREB3 expression in HEK293 cells using pharmacological and genome editing approaches. Full-length CREB3 detected under resting conditions disappeared following treatment with tunicamycin, brefeldin A and nigericin. Treatment with cycloheximide and MG132 indicated that endogenous CREB3 is a proteasome substrate. Using cells deficient for the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) factors SEL1L and Herp, we demonstrate that SEL1L, but not Herp, plays a crucial role in the posttranslational regulation of full-length CREB3 expression. In addition, kifunensine, an α-mannosidase inhibitor, remarkably increased full-length CREB3 expression. Our study suggests that endogenous full-length CREB3 is a novel substrate for ERAD and identifies unique cellular signals distinct from those in canonical ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Oh-Hashi
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Japan
| | - Kanto Takahashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Japan
| | - Yoko Hirata
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Japan
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22
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Sampieri L, Di Giusto P, Alvarez C. CREB3 Transcription Factors: ER-Golgi Stress Transducers as Hubs for Cellular Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:123. [PMID: 31334233 PMCID: PMC6616197 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CREB3 family of transcription factors are ER localized proteins that belong to the bZIP family. They are transported from the ER to the Golgi, cleaved by S1P and S2P proteases and the released N-terminal domains act as transcription factors. CREB3 family members regulate the expression of a large variety of genes and according to their tissue-specific expression profiles they play, among others, roles in acute phase response, lipid metabolism, development, survival, differentiation, organelle autoregulation, and protein secretion. They have been implicated in the ER and Golgi stress responses as regulators of the cell secretory capacity and cell specific cargos. In this review we provide an overview of the diverse functions of each member of the family (CREB3, CREB3L1, CREB3L2, CREB3L3, CREB3L4) with special focus on their role in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Sampieri
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo Di Giusto
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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23
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Anticancer saponin OSW-1 is a novel class of selective Golgi stress inducer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1732-1736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Vanneste M, Huang Q, Li M, Moose D, Zhao L, Stamnes MA, Schultz M, Wu M, Henry MD. High content screening identifies monensin as an EMT-selective cytotoxic compound. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1200. [PMID: 30718715 PMCID: PMC6361972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38019-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is implicated in cancer metastasis and drug resistance. Specifically targeting cancer cells in an EMT-like state may have therapeutic value. In this study, we developed a cell imaging-based high-content screening protocol to identify EMT-selective cytotoxic compounds. Among the 2,640 compounds tested, salinomycin and monensin, both monovalent cation ionophores, displayed a potent and selective cytotoxic effect against EMT-like cells. The mechanism of action of monensin was further evaluated. Monensin (10 nM) induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in TEM 4-18 cells. In addition, monensin rapidly induced swelling of Golgi apparatus and perturbed mitochondrial function. These are previously known effects of monensin, albeit occurring at much higher concentrations in the micromolar range. The cytotoxic effect of monensin was not blocked by inhibitors of ferroptosis. To explore the generality of our findings, we evaluated the toxicity of monensin in 24 human cancer cell lines and classified them as resistant or sensitive based on IC50 cutoff of 100 nM. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis identified EMT as the top enriched gene set in the sensitive group. Importantly, increased monensin sensitivity in EMT-like cells is associated with elevated uptake of 3H-monensin compared to resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Vanneste
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Mengshi Li
- Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Devon Moose
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Mark A Stamnes
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Michael Schultz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,University of Iowa High Throughput Screening Facility (UIHTS), University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Michael D Henry
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. .,Department of Urology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. .,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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25
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Sasaki K, Komori R, Taniguchi M, Shimaoka A, Midori S, Yamamoto M, Okuda C, Tanaka R, Sakamoto M, Wakabayashi S, Yoshida H. PGSE Is a Novel Enhancer Regulating the Proteoglycan Pathway of the Mammalian Golgi Stress Response. Cell Struct Funct 2018; 44:1-19. [PMID: 30487368 DOI: 10.1247/csf.18031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi stress response is a homeostatic mechanism that augments the functional capacity of the Golgi apparatus when Golgi function becomes insufficient (Golgi stress). Three response pathways of the Golgi stress response have been identified in mammalian cells, the TFE3, HSP47 and CREB3 pathways, which augment the capacity of specific Golgi functions such as N-glycosylation, anti-apoptotic activity and pro-apoptotic activity, respectively. On the contrary, glycosylation of proteoglycans (PGs) is another important function of the Golgi, although the response pathway upregulating expression of glycosylation enzymes for PGs in response to Golgi stress remains unknown. Here, we found that expression of glycosylation enzymes for PGs was induced upon insufficiency of PG glycosylation capacity in the Golgi (PG-Golgi stress), and that transcriptional induction of genes encoding glycosylation enzymes for PGs was independent of the known Golgi stress response pathways and ER stress response. Promoter analyses of genes encoding these glycosylation enzymes revealed the novel enhancer elements PGSE-A and PGSE-B (the consensus sequences are CCGGGGCGGGGCG and TTTTACAATTGGTC, respectively), which regulate their transcriptional induction upon PG-Golgi stress. From these observations, the response pathway we discovered is a novel Golgi stress response pathway, which we have named the PG pathway.Key words: Golgi stress, proteoglycan, ER stress, organelle zone, organelle autoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo
| | - Ryota Komori
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo
| | - Mai Taniguchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo
| | - Akie Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo
| | - Sachiko Midori
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo
| | - Mayu Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo
| | - Chiho Okuda
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo
| | - Ryuya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo
| | - Miyu Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo
| | - Sadao Wakabayashi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo
| | - Hiderou Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo
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26
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Oh-Hashi K, Fujimura K, Norisada J, Hirata Y. Expression analysis and functional characterization of the mouse cysteine-rich with EGF-like domains 2. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12236. [PMID: 30111858 PMCID: PMC6093884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified a novel endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducible protein, namely, cysteine-rich with EGF-like domains 2 (CRELD2), which is predominantly regulated by ATF6. However, few studies on intrinsic CRELD2 have been published. In the present study, we elucidated the expression of intrinsic CRELD2 in mouse tissues and ER stress- treated Neuro2a cells. Among nine tissues we tested, CRELD2 protein in the heart and skeletal muscles was negligible. CRELD2 expression in Neuro2a cells was induced at the late phase after treatment with tunicamycin (Tm) compared with rapid induction of growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene 153 (GADD153). On the other hand, another ER stress inducer, thapsigargin, increased the intrinsic CRELD2 secretion from Neuro2a cells. We furthermore established CRELD2-deficient Neuro2a cells to evaluate their features. In combination with the NanoLuc complementary reporter system, which was designed to detect protein-protein interaction in living cells, CRELD2 interacted with not only CRELD2 itself but also with ER localizing proteins in Neuro2a cells. Finally, we investigated the responsiveness of CRELD2-deficient cells against Tm-treatment and found that CRELD2 deficiency did not affect the expression of genes triggered by three canonical ER stress sensors but rendered Neuro2a cells vulnerable to Tm-stimulation. Taken together, these findings provide the novel molecular features of CRELD2, and its further characterization would give new insights into understanding the ER homeostasis and ER stress-induced cellular dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Oh-Hashi
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Keito Fujimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Junpei Norisada
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yoko Hirata
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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27
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Serebrenik YV, Hellerschmied D, Toure M, López-Giráldez F, Brookner D, Crews CM. Targeted protein unfolding uncovers a Golgi-specific transcriptional stress response. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1284-1298. [PMID: 29851555 PMCID: PMC5994893 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-11-0693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, organelle-specific stress-response mechanisms are vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The Golgi apparatus, an essential organelle of the secretory system, is the major site of protein modification and sorting within a cell and functions as a platform for spatially regulated signaling. Golgi homeostasis mechanisms that regulate organelle structure and ensure precise processing and localization of protein substrates remain poorly understood. Using a chemical biology strategy to induce protein unfolding, we uncover a Golgi-specific transcriptional response. An RNA-sequencing profile of this stress response compared with the current state-of-the-art Golgi stressors, nigericin and xyloside, demonstrates the enhanced precision of Golgi targeting achieved with our system. The data set further reveals previously uncharacterized genes that we find to be essential for Golgi structural integrity. These findings highlight the Golgi's ability to sense misfolded proteins and establish new aspects of Golgi autoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniy V. Serebrenik
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Doris Hellerschmied
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Momar Toure
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | | | - Dennis Brookner
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Craig M. Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
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28
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Hsu RM, Zhong CY, Wang CL, Liao WC, Yang C, Lin SY, Lin JW, Cheng HY, Li PY, Yu CJ. Golgi tethering factor golgin-97 suppresses breast cancer cell invasiveness by modulating NF-κB activity. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:19. [PMID: 29703230 PMCID: PMC5923015 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Golgin-97 is a tethering factor in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and is crucial for vesicular trafficking and maintaining cell polarity. However, the significance of golgin-97 in human diseases such as cancer remains unclear. Methods We searched for a potential role of golgin-97 in cancers using Kaplan-Meier Plotter (http://kmplot.com) and Oncomine (www.oncomine.org) datasets. Specific functions of golgin-97 in migration and invasion were examined in golgin-97-knockdown and golgin-97-overexpressing cells. cDNA microarray, pathway analysis and qPCR were used to identify gene profiles regulated by golgin-97. The role of golgin-97 in NF-κB signaling pathway was examined by using subcellular fractionation, luciferase reporter assay, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Results We found that low expression of golgin-97 correlated with poor overall survival of cancer patients and was associated with invasiveness in breast cancer cells. Golgin-97 knockdown promoted cell migration and invasion, whereas re-expression of golgin-97 restored the above phenotypes in breast cancer cells. Microarray and pathway analyses revealed that golgin-97 knockdown induced the expression of several invasion-promoting genes that were transcriptionally regulated by NF-κB p65. Mechanistically, golgin-97 knockdown significantly reduced IκBα protein levels and activated NF-κB, whereas neither IκBα levels nor NF-κB activity was changed in TGN46- or GCC185-knockdown cells. Conversely, golgin-97 overexpression suppressed NF-κB activity and restored the levels of IκBα in golgin-97-knockdown cells. Interestingly, the results of Golgi-disturbing agent treatment revealed that the loss of Golgi integrity was not involved in the NF-κB activation induced by golgin-97 knockdown. Moreover, both TGN-bound and cytosolic golgin-97 inhibited NF-κB activation, indicating that golgin-97 functions as an NF-κB suppressor regardless of its subcellular localization. Conclusion Our results collectively demonstrate a novel and suppressive role of golgin-97 in cancer invasiveness. We also provide a new avenue for exploring the relationship between the TGN, golgin-97 and NF-κB signaling in tumor progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0230-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rae-Mann Hsu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Yan Zhong
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Liang Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Liao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi Yang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Yu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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29
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Smaardijk S, Chen J, Kerselaers S, Voets T, Eggermont J, Vangheluwe P. Store-independent coupling between the Secretory Pathway Ca 2+ transport ATPase SPCA1 and Orai1 in Golgi stress and Hailey-Hailey disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:855-862. [PMID: 29555205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Secretory Pathway Ca2+ ATPases SPCA1 and SPCA2 transport Ca2+ and Mn2+ into the Golgi and Secretory Pathway. SPCA2 mediates store-independent Ca2+ entry (SICE) via STIM1-independent activation of Orai1, inducing constitutive Ca2+ influx in mammary epithelial cells during lactation. Here, we show that like SPCA2, also the overexpression of the ubiquitous SPCA1 induces cytosolic Ca2+ influx, which is abolished by Orai1 knockdown and occurs independently of STIM1. This process elevates the Ca2+ concentration in the cytosol and in the non-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores, pointing to a functional coupling between Orai1 and SPCA1. In agreement with this, we demonstrate via Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence microscopy that Orai1 and SPCA1a co-localize near the plasma membrane. Interestingly, SPCA1 overexpression also induces Golgi swelling, which coincides with translocation of the transcription factor TFE3 to the nucleus, a marker of Golgi stress. The induction of Golgi stress depends on a combination of SPCA1 activity and SICE, suggesting a role for the increased Ca2+ level in the non-ER stores. Finally, we tested whether impaired SPCA1a/Orai1 coupling may be implicated in the skin disorder Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD), which is caused by SPCA1 loss-of-function. We identified HHD-associated SPCA1a mutations that impair either the Ca2+ transport function, Orai1 activation, or both, while all mutations affect the Ca2+ content of the non-ER stores. Thus, the functional coupling between SPCA1 and Orai1 increases cytosolic and intraluminal Ca2+ levels, representing a novel mechanism of SICE that may be affected in HHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Smaardijk
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jialin Chen
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Kerselaers
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Voets
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Eggermont
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium.
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30
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Howley BV, Link LA, Grelet S, El-Sabban M, Howe PH. A CREB3-regulated ER-Golgi trafficking signature promotes metastatic progression in breast cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:1308-1325. [PMID: 29249802 PMCID: PMC5844805 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to better understand the process of breast cancer metastasis, we have generated a mammary epithelial progression series of increasingly aggressive cell lines that metastasize to lung. Here we demonstrate that upregulation of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi trafficking gene signature in metastatic cells enhances transport kinetics, which promotes malignant progression. We observe increased ER-Golgi trafficking, an altered secretome and sensitivity to the retrograde transport inhibitor brefeldin A (BFA) in cells that metastasize to lung. CREB3 was identified as a transcriptional regulator of upregulated ER-Golgi trafficking genes ARF4, COPB1, and USO1, and silencing of these genes attenuated the metastatic phenotype in vitro and lung colonization in vivo. Furthermore, high trafficking gene expression significantly correlated with increased risk of distant metastasis and reduced relapse-free and overall survival in breast cancer patients, suggesting that modulation of ER-Golgi trafficking plays an important role in metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breege V Howley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Laura A Link
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Simon Grelet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Maya El-Sabban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Philip H Howe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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31
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Oh-Hashi K, Soga A, Naruse Y, Takahashi K, Kiuchi K, Hirata Y. Elucidating post-translational regulation of mouse CREB3 in Neuro2a cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 448:287-297. [PMID: 29455434 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CREB3 is an ER membrane-bound transcription factor; however, post-translational regulation of CREB3, including expression, processing, and activation, is not fully characterized. We therefore constructed several types of mouse CREB3 expression genes and elucidated their expression in Neuro2a cells by treatment with stimuli and co-transfection with genes associated with ER-Golgi homeostasis, such as mutant Sar1 [H79G], GRP78, and KDEL receptor 1 (KDELR1). Interestingly, treatment of Neuro2a cells expressing Flag-tagged full-length CREB3 with monensin and nigericin induced the expression of the approximately 50 kDa N-terminal fragment; however, its cleavage was not parallel to the levels of GADD153 and LC3-II. Co-transfection of full-length CREB3 together with Sar1 [H79G], GRP78, or KDELR1 showed that only Sar1 [H79G] induced expression of the cleaved form, and KDELR1 dramatically decreased the expression of the full-length form. Accordingly, Sar1 [H79G]- and KDELR1-overexpression influenced GAL4-CREB3-dependent luciferase activities. To understand the activation of CREB3 under more pathophysiological conditions, we focused on the effect of metal ions on CREB3 cleavage in Neuro2a cells. Among the six metal ions we tested, only copper ion stabilized full-length CREB3 expression. Copper ion also increased its N-terminal form and GAL4-CREB3-dependent luciferase activity, which was accompanied by the increase in the ubiquitinated proteins in Neuro2a cells. Taken together, CREB3 expression is regulated by multiple ER-Golgi resident factors in a post-translational manner, but its processing is not directly associated with ER stress and autophagic dysfunction. This finding is especially true for the unique action of the copper ion on CREB3 stabilization and processing in parallel to aberration of ubiquitin-proteasome system, which might provide new insights into understanding the mechanisms of intractable disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Oh-Hashi
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Ayano Soga
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Naruse
- Department of Natural Science, Medical Education and Research Center, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Hiyoshi-cho, Nantan-shi, Kyoto, 629-0392, Japan
| | - Kanto Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Kiuchi
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yoko Hirata
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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32
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Golgi stress response reprograms cysteine metabolism to confer cytoprotection in Huntington's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:780-785. [PMID: 29317536 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717877115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi stress response is emerging as a physiologic process of comparable importance to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial stress responses. However, unlike ER stress, the identity of the signal transduction pathway involved in the Golgi stress response has been elusive. We show that the Golgi stressor monensin acts via the PKR-like ER kinase/Activating Transcription Factor 4 pathway. ATF4 is the master regulator of amino acid metabolism, which is induced during amino acid depletion and other forms of stress. One of the genes regulated by ATF4 is the biosynthetic enzyme for cysteine, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), which also plays central roles in maintenance of redox homeostasis. Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is associated with disrupted cysteine metabolism caused by depletion of CSE leading to abnormal redox balance and stress response. Thus, restoring CSE function and cysteine disposition may be beneficial in HD. Accordingly, we harnessed the monensin-ATF4-signaling cascade to stimulate CSE expression by preconditioning cells with monensin, which restores cysteine metabolism and an optimal stress response in HD. These findings have implications for treatment of HD and other diseases associated with redox imbalance and dysregulated ATF4 signaling.
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33
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Stevenson NL, Bergen DJM, Skinner REH, Kague E, Martin-Silverstone E, Robson Brown KA, Hammond CL, Stephens DJ. Giantin-knockout models reveal a feedback loop between Golgi function and glycosyltransferase expression. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:4132-4143. [PMID: 29093022 PMCID: PMC5769581 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.212308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi is the cellular hub for complex glycosylation, controlling accurate processing of complex proteoglycans, receptors, ligands and glycolipids. Its structure and organisation are dependent on golgins, which tether cisternal membranes and incoming transport vesicles. Here, we show that knockout of the largest golgin, giantin, leads to substantial changes in gene expression but only limited effects on Golgi structure. Notably, 22 Golgi-resident glycosyltransferases, but not glycan-processing enzymes or the ER glycosylation machinery, are differentially expressed following giantin ablation. This includes near-complete loss of function of GALNT3 in both mammalian cell and zebrafish models. Giantin-knockout zebrafish exhibit hyperostosis and ectopic calcium deposits, recapitulating phenotypes of hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis, a disease caused by mutations in GALNT3. These data reveal a new feature of Golgi homeostasis: the ability to regulate glycosyltransferase expression to generate a functional proteoglycome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Stevenson
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Dylan J M Bergen
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Roderick E H Skinner
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Elizabeth Martin-Silverstone
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Kate A Robson Brown
- Computed Tomography Laboratory, School of Arts, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, UK
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - David J Stephens
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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34
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Gendarme M, Baumann J, Ignashkova TI, Lindemann RK, Reiling JH. Image-based drug screen identifies HDAC inhibitors as novel Golgi disruptors synergizing with JQ1. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3756-3772. [PMID: 29074567 PMCID: PMC5739293 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-03-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is increasingly recognized as a major hub for cellular signaling and is involved in numerous pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The study of Golgi stress-induced signaling pathways relies on the selectivity of the available tool compounds of which currently only a few are known. To discover novel Golgi-fragmenting agents, transcriptomic profiles of cells treated with brefeldin A, golgicide A, or monensin were generated and compared with a database of gene expression profiles from cells treated with other bioactive small molecules. In parallel, a phenotypic screen was performed for compounds that alter normal Golgi structure. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and DNA-damaging agents were identified as novel Golgi disruptors. Further analysis identified HDAC1/HDAC9 as well as BRD8 and DNA-PK as important regulators of Golgi breakdown mediated by HDAC inhibition. We provide evidence that combinatorial HDACi/(+)-JQ1 treatment spurs synergistic Golgi dispersal in several cancer cell lines, pinpointing a possible link between drug-induced toxicity and Golgi morphology alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Baumann
- BioMed X Innovation Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ralph K Lindemann
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan H Reiling
- BioMed X Innovation Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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35
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Taniguchi M, Yoshida H. TFE3, HSP47, and CREB3 Pathways of the Mammalian Golgi Stress Response. Cell Struct Funct 2017; 42:27-36. [PMID: 28179603 DOI: 10.1247/csf.16023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of each organelle in eukaryotic cells is tightly regulated in accordance with cellular demands by specific regulatory systems, which are generically termed organelle autoregulation. The Golgi stress response is one of the systems of organelle autoregulation and it augments the capacity of Golgi function if this becomes insufficient (Golgi stress). Recently, several pathways of the mammalian Golgi stress response have been identified, specifically the TFE3, HSP47, and CREB3 pathways. This review summarizes the essential parts of the Golgi stress response from the perspective of the organelle autoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Taniguchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo
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Oh-Hashi K, Furuta E, Norisada J, Amaya F, Hirata Y, Kiuchi K. Application of NanoLuc to monitor the intrinsic promoter activity of GRP78 using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Genes Cells 2016; 21:1137-1143. [PMID: 27515429 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we applied a highly sensitive small luciferase, NanoLuc, to establish a knock-in cell line using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and characterized the endogenous promoter activity of the glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) gene. The N-terminal region of the human GRP78 gene was fused to the NanoLuc gene and aligned with the puromycin-resistant gene through the 2A peptide sequence and used as a knock-in vector. The selected cells responded to both pharmacological and genetic ER stress and show NanoLuc-based CRISPR/Cas9 system is a very useful tool to isolate gene-edited cells and to characterize the endogenous promoter activity for genes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Oh-Hashi
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Eri Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Junpei Norisada
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Fumimasa Amaya
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Yoko Hirata
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Kiuchi
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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Taniguchi M, Sasaki-Osugi K, Oku M, Sawaguchi S, Tanakura S, Kawai Y, Wakabayashi S, Yoshida H. MLX Is a Transcriptional Repressor of the Mammalian Golgi Stress Response. Cell Struct Funct 2016; 41:93-104. [PMID: 27251850 DOI: 10.1247/csf.16005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi stress response is a homeostatic mechanism that controls the capacity of the Golgi apparatus in accordance with cellular demands. When the capacity of the Golgi apparatus becomes insufficient (Golgi stress), transcription levels of Golgi-related genes encoding glycosylation enzymes, a Golgi structural protein, and components of vesicular transport are upregulated through a common cis-acting enhancer-the Golgi apparatus stress response element (GASE). Here, we identified the transcription factor MLX as a GASE-binding protein. MLX resides in the cytoplasm and does not bind to GASE in normal growth conditions, whereas MLX translocates into the nucleus and specifically binds to GASE in response to Golgi stress. Suppression of MLX expression increased transcriptional induction of target genes of the Golgi stress response, whereas overexpression of MLX reduced GASE-binding of TFE3 as well as transcriptional induction from GASE, suggesting that MLX is a transcriptional repressor of the mammalian Golgi stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Taniguchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo
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Abstract
The Golgi complex is a central organelle of the secretory pathway where sorting and processing of cargo occurs. While Golgi structure is important for the efficient processing of secretory cargo, the unusual organization suggests additional potential functions. The Golgi is disassembled after various cellular stresses, and we hypothesize that Golgi disassembly activates a stress signaling pathway. This pathway would function to correct the stress if possible, with irreparable stress resulting in apoptosis. Neurons appear to be particularly sensitive to Golgi stress; early disassembly of the organelle correlates with many neurodegenerative diseases. Here, Golgi stress and potential signaling pathways to the nucleus are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Machamer
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ji C. Advances and New Concepts in Alcohol-Induced Organelle Stress, Unfolded Protein Responses and Organ Damage. Biomolecules 2015; 5:1099-121. [PMID: 26047032 PMCID: PMC4496712 DOI: 10.3390/biom5021099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is a simple and consumable biomolecule yet its excessive consumption disturbs numerous biological pathways damaging nearly all organs of the human body. One of the essential biological processes affected by the harmful effects of alcohol is proteostasis, which regulates the balance between biogenesis and turnover of proteins within and outside the cell. A significant amount of published evidence indicates that alcohol and its metabolites directly or indirectly interfere with protein homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causing an accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins, which triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR) leading to either restoration of homeostasis or cell death, inflammation and other pathologies under severe and chronic alcohol conditions. The UPR senses the abnormal protein accumulation and activates transcription factors that regulate nuclear transcription of genes related to ER function. Similarly, this kind of protein stress response can occur in other cellular organelles, which is an evolving field of interest. Here, I review recent advances in the alcohol-induced ER stress response as well as discuss new concepts on alcohol-induced mitochondrial, Golgi and lysosomal stress responses and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ji
- GI/Liver Division, Research Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Sasaki K, Yoshida H. Organelle autoregulation-stress responses in the ER, Golgi, mitochondria and lysosome. J Biochem 2015; 157:185-95. [PMID: 25657091 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Organelle autoregulation is a homeostatic mechanism to regulate the capacity of each organelle according to cellular demands. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response increases the expression of ER chaperones and ER-associated degradation factors when the capacity of the ER becomes insufficient, e.g. during cellular differentiation or viral propagation, and which can be restored through increased synthesis of secretory or membrane proteins. In the Golgi stress response, insufficient organelle capacity is responded to by augmentation of glycosylation enzyme expression and vesicular transport components. The mitochondrial stress response upregulates mitochondrial chaperone and protease expression in the mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane space when unfolded proteins accumulate in the mitochondria. The lysosome stress response is activated during autophagy to enhance the function of the lysosome by transcriptional induction of lysosome genes including cathepsins. However, many of the molecular mechanisms of organelle autoregulation remain unclear. Here, we review recent discoveries in organelle autoregulation and their molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Hiderou Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
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Li T, You H, Mo X, He W, Tang X, Jiang Z, Chen S, Chen Y, Zhang J, Hu Z. GOLPH3 Mediated Golgi Stress Response in Modulating N2A Cell Death upon Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reoxygenation Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1377-1385. [PMID: 25633094 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence implicating that the organelle-dependent initiation of cell death merits further research. The evidence also implicates Golgi as a sensor and common downstream-effector of stress signals in cell death pathways, and it undergoes disassembly and fragmentation during apoptosis in several neurological disorders. It has also been reported that during apoptotic cell death, there is a cross talk between ER, mitochondria, and Golgi. Thus, we hypothesized that Golgi might trigger death signals during oxidative stress through its own machinery. The current study found that GOLPH3, an outer membrane protein of the Golgi complex, was significantly upregulated in N2A cells upon oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R), positioning from the compact perinuclear ribbon to dispersed vesicle-like structures throughout the cytoplasm. Additionally, elevated GOLPH3 promoted a stress-induced conversion of the LC3 subunit I to II and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in long-term OGD/R groups. The collective data indicated that GOLPH3 not only acted as a sensor of Golgi stress for its prompt upregulation during oxidative stress but also as an initiator that triggered and propagated specific Golgi stress signals to downstream effectors. This affected ROS production and stress-related autophagy and finally controlled the entry into apoptosis. The data also supported the hypothesis that the Golgi apparatus could be an ideal target for stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, or cancer therapy through its own functional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong You
- The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoye Mo
- The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenfang He
- The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangqi Tang
- The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Chen
- The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhiping Hu
- The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Taniguchi M, Nadanaka S, Tanakura S, Sawaguchi S, Midori S, Kawai Y, Yamaguchi S, Shimada Y, Nakamura Y, Matsumura Y, Fujita N, Araki N, Yamamoto M, Oku M, Wakabayashi S, Kitagawa H, Yoshida H. TFE3 is a bHLH-ZIP-type transcription factor that regulates the mammalian Golgi stress response. Cell Struct Funct 2014; 40:13-30. [PMID: 25399611 DOI: 10.1247/csf.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi stress response is a mechanism by which, under conditions of insufficient Golgi function (Golgi stress), the transcription of Golgi-related genes is upregulated through an enhancer, the Golgi apparatus stress response element (GASE), in order to maintain homeostasis in the Golgi. The molecular mechanisms associated with GASE remain to be clarified. Here, we identified TFE3 as a GASE-binding transcription factor. TFE3 was phosphorylated and retained in the cytoplasm in normal growth conditions, whereas it was dephosphorylated, translocated to the nucleus and activated Golgi-related genes through GASE under conditions of Golgi stress, e.g. in response to inhibition of oligosaccharide processing in the Golgi apparatus. From these observations, we concluded that the TFE3-GASE pathway is one of the regulatory pathways of the mammalian Golgi stress response, which regulates the expression of glycosylation-related proteins in response to insufficiency of glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Taniguchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo
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A CREB3-ARF4 signalling pathway mediates the response to Golgi stress and susceptibility to pathogens. Nat Cell Biol 2013; 15:1473-85. [PMID: 24185178 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of cells with brefeldin A (BFA) blocks secretory vesicle transport and causes a collapse of the Golgi apparatus. To gain more insight into the cellular mechanisms mediating BFA toxicity, we conducted a genome-wide haploid genetic screen that led to the identification of the small G protein ADP-ribosylation factor 4 (ARF4). ARF4 depletion preserves viability, Golgi integrity and cargo trafficking in the presence of BFA, and these effects depend on the guanine nucleotide exchange factor GBF1 and other ARF isoforms including ARF1 and ARF5. ARF4 knockdown cells show increased resistance to several human pathogens including Chlamydia trachomatis and Shigella flexneri. Furthermore, ARF4 expression is induced when cells are exposed to several Golgi-disturbing agents and requires the CREB3 (also known as Luman or LZIP) transcription factor, whose downregulation mimics ARF4 loss. Thus, we have uncovered a CREB3-ARF4 signalling cascade that may be part of a Golgi stress response set in motion by stimuli compromising Golgi capacity.
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Sbodio JI, Paul BD, Machamer CE, Snyder SH. Golgi protein ACBD3 mediates neurotoxicity associated with Huntington's disease. Cell Rep 2013; 4:890-7. [PMID: 24012756 PMCID: PMC3801179 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of polyglutamine repeats in the gene for huntingtin (Htt). In HD, the corpus striatum selectively degenerates despite the uniform expression of mutant huntingtin (mHtt) throughout the brain and body. Striatal selectivity reflects the binding of the striatal-selective protein Rhes to mHtt to augment cytotoxicity, but molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity have been elusive. Here, we report that the Golgi protein acyl-CoA binding domain containing 3 (ACBD3) mediates mHtt cytotoxicity via a Rhes/mHtt/ACBD3 complex. ACBD3 levels are markedly elevated in the striatum of HD patients, in a striatal cell line harboring polyglutamine repeats, and in the brains of HD mice. Moreover, ACBD3 deletion abolishes HD neurotoxicity, which is increased by ACBD3 overexpression. Enhanced levels of ACBD3 elicited by endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial, and Golgi stresses may account for HD-associated augmentation of ACBD3 and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I. Sbodio
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. 21205, USA
| | - Bindu D. Paul
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. 21205, USA
| | - Carolyn E. Machamer
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. 21205, USA
| | - Solomon H. Snyder
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. 21205, USA
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Wakabayashi S, Yoshida H. The essential biology of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response for structural and computational biologists. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2013; 6:e201303010. [PMID: 24688718 PMCID: PMC3962220 DOI: 10.5936/csbj.201303010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is a cytoprotective mechanism that maintains homeostasis of the ER by upregulating the capacity of the ER in accordance with cellular demands. If the ER stress response cannot function correctly, because of reasons such as aging, genetic mutation or environmental stress, unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER and cause ER stress-induced apoptosis, resulting in the onset of folding diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus. Although the mechanism of the ER stress response has been analyzed extensively by biochemists, cell biologists and molecular biologists, many aspects remain to be elucidated. For example, it is unclear how sensor molecules detect ER stress, or how cells choose the two opposite cell fates (survival or apoptosis) during the ER stress response. To resolve these critical issues, structural and computational approaches will be indispensable, although the mechanism of the ER stress response is complicated and difficult to understand holistically at a glance. Here, we provide a concise introduction to the mammalian ER stress response for structural and computational biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadao Wakabayashi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Hiderou Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
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The endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperone heat shock protein 47 protects the Golgi apparatus from the effects of O-glycosylation inhibition. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69732. [PMID: 23922785 PMCID: PMC3726774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is important for the transport of secretory cargo. Glycosylation is a major post-translational event. Recognition of O-glycans on proteins is necessary for glycoprotein trafficking. In this study, specific inhibition of O-glycosylation (Golgi stress) induced the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident heat shock protein (HSP) 47 in NIH3T3 cells, although cell death was not induced by Golgi stress alone. When HSP47 expression was downregulated by siRNA, inhibition of O-glycosylation caused cell death. Three days after the induction of Golgi stress, the Golgi apparatus was disassembled, many vacuoles appeared near the Golgi apparatus and extended into the cytoplasm, the nuclei had split, and cell death assay-positive cells appeared. Six hours after the induction of Golgi stress, HSP47-knockdown cells exhibited increased cleavage of Golgi-resident caspase-2. Furthermore, activation of mitochondrial caspase-9 and ER-resident unfolded protein response (UPR)-related molecules and efflux of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm was observed in HSP47-knockdown cells 24 h after the induction of Golgi stress. These findings indicate that (i) the ER-resident chaperon HSP47 protected cells from Golgi stress, and (ii) Golgi stress-induced cell death caused by the inhibition of HSP47 expression resulted from caspase-2 activation in the Golgi apparatus, extending to the ER and mitochondria.
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47
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Yoon MJ, Kang YJ, Kim IY, Kim EH, Lee JA, Lim JH, Kwon TK, Choi KS. Monensin, a polyether ionophore antibiotic, overcomes TRAIL resistance in glioma cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress, DR5 upregulation and c-FLIP downregulation. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1918-28. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Uemura A, Taniguchi M, Matsuo Y, Oku M, Wakabayashi S, Yoshida H. UBC9 regulates the stability of XBP1, a key transcription factor controlling the ER stress response. Cell Struct Funct 2013; 38:67-79. [PMID: 23470653 DOI: 10.1247/csf.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
XBP1 is a key transcription factor regulating the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, which is a cytoprotective mechanism for dealing with an accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER (ER stress). The expression of XBP1 is regulated by two different mechanisms: mRNA splicing and protein stability. When ER stress occurs, unspliced XBP1 mRNA is converted to mature mRNA, from which an active transcription factor, pXBP1(S), is translated and activates the transcription of ER-related genes to dispose of unfolded proteins. In the absence of ER stress, pXBP1(U) is translated from unspliced XBP1 mRNA and enhances the degradation of pXBP1(S). Here, we analyzed the regulatory mechanism of pXBP1(S) stability, and found that a SUMO-conjugase, UBC9, specifically bound to the leucine zipper motif of pXBP1(S) and increased the stability of pXBP1(S). Suppression of UBC9 expression by RNA interference reduced both the expression of pXBP1(S) and ER stress-induced transcription by pXBP1(S). Interestingly, overexpression of a UBC9 mutant deficient in SUMO-conjugating activity was able to increase pXBP1(S) expression as well as wild-type UBC9, indicating that UBC9 stabilizes pXBP1(S) without conjugating SUMO moieties. From these observations, we concluded that UBC9 is a novel regulator of the mammalian ER stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Uemura
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Landau G, Ran A, Bercovich Z, Feldmesser E, Horn-Saban S, Korkotian E, Jacob-Hirsh J, Rechavi G, Ron D, Kahana C. Expression profiling and biochemical analysis suggest stress response as a potential mechanism inhibiting proliferation of polyamine-depleted cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:35825-37. [PMID: 22942278 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.381335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are small organic polycations that are absolutely required for cell growth and proliferation; yet the basis for this requirement is mostly unknown. Here, we combined a genome-wide expression profiling with biochemical analysis to reveal the molecular basis for inhibited proliferation of polyamine-depleted cells. Transcriptional responses accompanying growth arrest establishment in polyamine-depleted cells or growth resumption following polyamine replenishment were monitored and compared. Changes in the expression of genes related to various fundamental cellular processes were established. Analysis of mirror-symmetric expression patterns around the G(1)-arrest point identified a set of genes representing a stress-response signature. Indeed, complementary biochemical analysis demonstrated activation of the PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase arm of the unfolded protein response and of the stress-induced p38 MAPK. These changes were accompanied by induction of key growth-inhibitory factors such as p21 and Gadd45a and reduced expression of various cyclins, most profoundly cyclin D1, setting the basis for the halted proliferation. However, although the induced stress response could arrest growth, polyamine depletion also inhibited proliferation of PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase and p38α-deficient cells and of cells harboring a nonphosphorylatable mutant eIF2α (S51A), suggesting that additional yet unidentified mechanisms might inhibit proliferation of polyamine-depleted cells. Despite lengthy persistence of the stress and activation of apoptotic signaling, polyamine-depleted cells remained viable, apparently due to induced expression of protective genes and development of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Landau
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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50
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Horibe T, Torisawa A, Kohno M, Kawakami K. Molecular mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by Hsp90-targeted Antp-TPR hybrid peptide in glioblastoma cells. Mol Cancer 2012; 11:59. [PMID: 22913813 PMCID: PMC3499401 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-11-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is vital to cell survival under conditions of stress, and binds client proteins to assist in protein stabilization, translocation of polypeptides across cell membranes, and recovery of proteins from aggregates. Therefore, Hsp90 has emerged as an important target for the treatment of cancer. We previously reported that novel Antp-TPR hybrid peptide, which can inhibit the interaction of Hsp90 with the TPR2A domain of Hop, induces selective cytotoxic activity to discriminate between normal and cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Results In this study, we investigated the functional cancer-cell killing mechanism of Antp-TPR hybrid peptide in glioblastoma (GB) cell lines. It was demonstrated that Antp-TPR peptide induced effective cytotoxic activity in GB cells through the loss of Hsp90 client proteins such as p53, Akt, CDK4, and cRaf. Antp-TPR also did not induce the up-regulation of Hsp70 and Hsp90 proteins, although a small-molecule inhibitor of Hsp90, 17-AAG, induced the up-regulation of these proteins. It was also found that Antp-TPR peptide increased the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response, and the cytotoxic activity of this hybrid peptide to GB cells in the endoplasmic reticulum stress condition. Conclusion These results show that targeting of Hsp90 by Antp-TPR could be an attractive approach to selective cancer-cell killing because no other Hsp90-targeted compounds show selective cytotoxic activity. Antp-TPR might provide potent and selective therapeutic options for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Horibe
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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