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Karabanovich G, Fabiánová V, Vocat A, Dušek J, Valášková L, Stolaříková J, Kitson RRA, Pávek P, Vávrová K, Djaout K, Mikušová K, Baulard AR, Cole ST, Korduláková J, Roh J. Both Nitro Groups Are Essential for High Antitubercular Activity of 3,5-Dinitrobenzylsulfanyl Tetrazoles and 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles through the Deazaflavin-Dependent Nitroreductase Activation Pathway. J Med Chem 2024; 67:81-109. [PMID: 38157261 PMCID: PMC10788908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
3,5-Dinitrobenzylsulfanyl tetrazoles and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, previously identified as having high in vitro activities against both replicating and nonreplicating mycobacteria and favorable cytotoxicity and genotoxicity profiles were investigated. First we demonstrated that these compounds act in a deazaflavin-dependent nitroreduction pathway and thus require a nitro group for their activity. Second, we confirmed the necessity of both nitro groups for antimycobacterial activity through extensive structure-activity relationship studies using 32 structural types of analogues, each in a five-membered series. Only the analogues with shifted nitro groups, namely, 2,5-dinitrobenzylsulfanyl oxadiazoles and tetrazoles, maintained high antimycobacterial activity but in this case mainly as a result of DprE1 inhibition. However, these analogues also showed increased toxicity to the mammalian cell line. Thus, both nitro groups in 3,5-dinitrobenzylsulfanyl-containing antimycobacterial agents remain essential for their high efficacy, and further efforts should be directed at finding ways to address the possible toxicity and solubility issues, for example, by targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Karabanovich
- Charles
University, Faculty of Pharmacy
in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Viktória Fabiánová
- Faculty
of Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská
dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anthony Vocat
- Global
Health Institute, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jan Dušek
- Charles
University, Faculty of Pharmacy
in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Valášková
- Charles
University, Faculty of Pharmacy
in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Stolaříková
- Regional
Institute of Public Health, Department of
Bacteriology and Mycology, Partyzánské náměstí 7, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Russell R. A. Kitson
- Charles
University, Faculty of Pharmacy
in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pávek
- Charles
University, Faculty of Pharmacy
in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Charles
University, Faculty of Pharmacy
in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamel Djaout
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and
Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Katarína Mikušová
- Faculty
of Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská
dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alain R. Baulard
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and
Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stewart T. Cole
- Global
Health Institute, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jana Korduláková
- Faculty
of Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská
dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Charles
University, Faculty of Pharmacy
in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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2-Amino-6-methylpyridine based co-crystal salt formation using succinic acid: Single-crystal analysis and computational exploration. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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3
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Levy JN, Alegre-Requena JV, Liu R, Paton RS, McNally A. Selective Halogenation of Pyridines Using Designed Phosphine Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11295-11305. [PMID: 32469220 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Halopyridines are key building blocks for synthesizing pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and ligands for metal complexes, but strategies to selectively halogenate pyridine C-H precursors are lacking. We designed a set of heterocyclic phosphines that are installed at the 4-position of pyridines as phosphonium salts and then displaced with halide nucleophiles. A broad range of unactivated pyridines can be halogenated, and the method is viable for late-stage halogenation of complex pharmaceuticals. Computational studies indicate that C-halogen bond formation occurs via an SNAr pathway, and phosphine elimination is the rate-determining step. Steric interactions during C-P bond cleavage account for differences in reactivity between 2- and 3-substituted pyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey N Levy
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Juan V Alegre-Requena
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Renrong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Andrew McNally
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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4
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Sarmah BK, Konwar M, Bhattacharyya D, Adhikari P, Das A. Regioselective Cyanation of Six‐MemberedN‐Heteroaromatic Compounds Under Metal‐, Activator‐, Base‐ and Solvent‐Free Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Kumar Sarmah
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039, Assam India
| | - Monuranjan Konwar
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039, Assam India
| | | | - Priyanka Adhikari
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039, Assam India
| | - Animesh Das
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039, Assam India
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5
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Krinochkin AP, Kopchuk DS, Chepchugov NV, Kovalev IS, Zyryanov GV, Rusinov VL, Chupakhin ON. Effect of substituent in pyridine-2-carbaldehydes on their heterocyclization to 1,2,4-triazines and 1,2,4-triazine 4-oxides. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428017070016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Sandjo LP, Kuete V, Nana F, Kirsch G, Efferth T. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of 1,4-Dihydropyridines and an Unexpected 1,3-Oxazin-6-one. Helv Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201500265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Pergaud Sandjo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; CCS - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Trindade 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Dschang; P.O. Box 67 Dschang Cameroon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology; Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Mainz; Staudinger Weg 5 DE-55128 Mainz
| | - Frederic Nana
- UMR-SRSMC 7565; University of Lorraine; Molecular Engineering Laboratory and Formerly Pharmacological Biochemistry; 1 Boulevard Arago FR-57070 Metz Technopôle
| | - Gilbert Kirsch
- UMR-SRSMC 7565; University of Lorraine; Molecular Engineering Laboratory and Formerly Pharmacological Biochemistry; 1 Boulevard Arago FR-57070 Metz Technopôle
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology; Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Mainz; Staudinger Weg 5 DE-55128 Mainz
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7
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Heterocyclic chalcone activators of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) with improved in vivo efficacy. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:5352-9. [PMID: 26278028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nrf2 activators represent a good drug target for designing agents to treat diseases associated with oxidative stress. Building upon previous work, we designed and prepared a series of heterocyclic chalcone-based Nrf2 activators with reduced lipophilicity and, in some cases, greater in vitro potency compared to the respective carbocyclic scaffold. These changes resulted in enhanced oral bioavailability and a superior pharmacodynamic effect in vivo.
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8
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Shavaleev NM, Eliseeva SV. Synthesis and spectroscopy of anionic tridentate benzimidazole-pyridine carboxylate and tetrazolate chromophore ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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9
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Peukert M, Seichter W, Weber E. Redetermination of 2-methyl-4-nitropyridine N-oxide. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2014; 70:o426-7. [PMID: 24826136 PMCID: PMC3998602 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536814004450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An improved crystal structure of the title compound, C6H6N2O3, is reported. The structure, previously solved [Li et al. (1987 ▶). Jiegou Huaxue (Chin. J. Struct. Chem.), 6, 20–24] in the orthorhombic space group Pca21 and refined to R = 0.067, has been solved in the orthorhombic space group Pbcm with data of enhanced quality, giving an improved structure (R = 0.0485). The molecule adopts a planar conformation with all atoms lying on a mirror plane. The crystal structure is composed of molecular sheets extending parallel to the ab plane and connected via C—H⋯O contacts involving ring H atoms and O atoms of the N-oxide and nitro groups, while van der Waals forces consolidate the stacking of the layers.
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10
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Lishchynskyi A, Novikov MA, Martin E, Escudero-Adán EC, Novák P, Grushin VV. Trifluoromethylation of aryl and heteroaryl halides with fluoroform-derived CuCF3: scope, limitations, and mechanistic features. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11126-46. [PMID: 23964731 DOI: 10.1021/jo401423h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroform-derived CuCF3 recently discovered in our group exhibits remarkably high reactivity toward aryl and heteroaryl halides, performing best in the absence of extra ligands. A broad variety of iodoarenes undergo smooth trifluoromethylation with the "ligandless" CuCF3 at 23-50 °C to give the corresponding benzotrifluorides in nearly quantitative yield. A number of much less reactive aromatic bromides also have been trifluoromethylated, including pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, and thiazole derivatives as well as aryl bromides bearing electron-withdrawing groups and/or ortho substituents. Only the most electrophilic chloroarenes can be trifluoromethylated, e.g., 2-chloronicotinic acid. Exceptionally high chemoselectivity of the reactions (no side-formation of arenes, biaryls, and C2F5 derivatives) has allowed for the isolation of a large number of trifluoromethylated products in high yield on a gram scale (up to 20 mmol). The CuCF3 reagent is destabilized by CuX coproduced in the reaction, the magnitude of the effect paralleling the Lewis acidity of CuX: CuCl > CuBr > CuI. While S(N)Ar and S(RN)1 mechanisms are not operational, there is a well-pronounced ortho effect, i.e., the enhanced reactivity of ortho-substituted aryl halides 2-RC6H4X toward CuCF3. Intriguingly, this ortho-effect is observed for R = NO2, COOH, CHO, COOEt, COCH3, OCH3, and even CH3, but not for R = CN. The fluoroform-derived CuCF3 reagent and its reactions with haloarenes provide an unmatched combination of reactivity, selectivity, and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Lishchynskyi
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Tarragona 43007, Spain
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11
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Comba P, Morgen M, Wadepohl H. Tuning of the Properties of Transition-Metal Bispidine Complexes by Variation of the Basicity of the Aromatic Donor Groups. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:6481-501. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4004214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Comba
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, INF 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Morgen
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, INF 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, INF 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Procopiou PA, Barrett JW, Barton NP, Begg M, Clapham D, Copley RCB, Ford AJ, Graves RH, Hall DA, Hancock AP, Hill AP, Hobbs H, Hodgson ST, Jumeaux C, Lacroix YML, Miah AH, Morriss KML, Needham D, Sheriff EB, Slack RJ, Smith CE, Sollis SL, Staton H. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of indazole arylsulfonamides as allosteric CC-chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) antagonists. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1946-60. [PMID: 23409871 DOI: 10.1021/jm301572h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of indazole arylsulfonamides were synthesized and examined as human CCR4 antagonists. Methoxy- or hydroxyl-containing groups were the more potent indazole C4 substituents. Only small groups were tolerated at C5, C6, or C7, with the C6 analogues being preferred. The most potent N3-substituent was 5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonamide. N1 meta-substituted benzyl groups possessing an α-amino-3-[(methylamino)acyl]-group were the most potent N1-substituents. Strongly basic amino groups had low oral absorption in vivo. Less basic analogues, such as morpholines, had good oral absorption; however, they also had high clearance. The most potent compound with high absorption in two species was analogue 6 (GSK2239633A), which was selected for further development. Aryl sulfonamide antagonists bind to CCR4 at an intracellular allosteric site denoted site II. X-ray diffraction studies on two indazole sulfonamide fragments suggested the presence of an important intramolecular interaction in the active conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis A Procopiou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.
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13
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Andrés JI, De Angelis M, Alcázar J, Iturrino L, Langlois X, Dedeurwaerdere S, Lenaerts I, Vanhoof G, Celen S, Bormans G. Synthesis, In Vivo Occupancy, and Radiolabeling of Potent Phosphodiesterase Subtype-10 Inhibitors as Candidates for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging. J Med Chem 2011; 54:5820-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200536d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José-Ignacio Andrés
- Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen-Cilag SA, C/Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Meri De Angelis
- Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen-Cilag SA, C/Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Jesús Alcázar
- Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen-Cilag SA, C/Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Laura Iturrino
- Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen-Cilag SA, C/Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Xavier Langlois
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Dedeurwaerdere
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ilse Lenaerts
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Greet Vanhoof
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sofie Celen
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy and IMIR, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy and IMIR, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Grädler U, Fuchss T, Ulrich WR, Boer R, Strub A, Hesslinger C, Anézo C, Diederichs K, Zaliani A. Novel nanomolar imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines as selective nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitors: SAR and structural insights. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4228-32. [PMID: 21684157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Inducible arginine oxidation and subsequent NO production by correspondent synthase (iNOS) are important cellular answers to proinflammatory signals. Prolonged NO production has been proved in higher organisms to cause stroke or septic shock. Several classes of potent NOS inhibitors have been reported, most of them targeting the arginine binding site of the oxygenase domain. Here we disclose the SAR and the rational design of potent and selective iNOS inhibitors which may be useful as anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Grädler
- Nycomed GmbH, Byk-Gulden-Str. 2, D-78467 Konstanz, Germany.
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15
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Maisonial A, Kuhnast B, Papon J, Boisgard R, Bayle M, Vidal A, Auzeloux P, Rbah L, Bonnet-Duquennoy M, Miot-Noirault E, Galmier MJ, Borel M, Askienazy S, Dollé F, Tavitian B, Madelmont JC, Moins N, Chezal JM. Single photon emission computed tomography/positron emission tomography imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy of melanoma: new multimodal fluorinated and iodinated radiotracers. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2745-66. [PMID: 21417462 DOI: 10.1021/jm101574q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study reports a series of 14 new iodinated and fluorinated compounds offering both early imaging ((123)I, (124)I, (18)F) and systemic treatment ((131)I) of melanoma potentialities. The biodistribution of each (125)I-labeled tracer was evaluated in a model of melanoma B16F0-bearing mice, using in vivo serial γ scintigraphic imaging. Among this series, [(125)I]56 emerged as the most promising compound in terms of specific tumoral uptake and in vivo kinetic profile. To validate our multimodality concept, the radiosynthesis of [(18)F]56 was then optimized and this radiotracer has been successfully investigated for in vivo PET imaging of melanoma in B16F0- and B16F10-bearing mouse model. The therapeutic efficacy of [(131)I]56 was then evaluated in mice bearing subcutaneous B16F0 melanoma, and a significant slow down in tumoral growth was demonstrated. These data support further development of 56 for PET imaging ((18)F, (124)I) and targeted radionuclide therapy ((131)I) of melanoma using a single chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Maisonial
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Imagerie Moléculaire et Thérapie Vectorisée, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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16
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Roy S, Gregg BT, Gribble GW, Le VD, Roy S. Trifluoromethylation of aryl and heteroaryl halides. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Hubrich M, Peukert M, Seichter W, Weber E. Complexes of 4- and 5-bromo derivatives of 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine with copper(II) and cobalt(II) salts. Synthesis and X-ray crystal structures. Polyhedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Wang J, Wang H, Ren H, Dong L. Selective Decarboxylation: A Facile Synthesis of 3-Pyridinecarboxylic Acid Derivative. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910902964841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Supported palladium catalysis using a heteroleptic 2-methylthiomethylpyridine–N,S–donor motif for Mizoroki–Heck and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling, including continuous organic monolith in capillary microscale flow-through mode. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Fray MJ, Gillmore AT, Glossop MS, McManus DJ, Moses IB, Praquin CF, Reeves KA, Thompson LR. Optimisation of Permanganate Oxidation and Suzuki−Miyaura Coupling Steps in the Synthesis of a Nav1.8 Sodium Channel Modulator. Org Process Res Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/op900092h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jonathan Fray
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Adam T. Gillmore
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | | | - David J. McManus
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Ian B. Moses
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | | | - Keith A. Reeves
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Lisa R. Thompson
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
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Chen H, Sweet JA, Lam KC, Rheingold AL, McGrath DV. Chiral amine–imine ligands based on trans-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines and their application in the palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Zaman N, Guillot R, Sénéchal-David K, Boillot ML. A convenient synthetic route to a useful synthon: 4-bromo-2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Anai T, Nakata E, Koshi Y, Ojida A, Hamachi I. Design of a Hybrid Biosensor for Enhanced Phosphopeptide Recognition Based on a Phosphoprotein Binding Domain Coupled with a Fluorescent Chemosensor. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:6232-9. [PMID: 17441721 DOI: 10.1021/ja0693284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based fluorescent biosensors with sufficient sensing specificity are useful analytical tools for detection of biologically important substances in complicated biological systems. Here, we present the design of a hybrid biosensor, specific for a bis-phosphorylated peptide, based on a natural phosphoprotein binding domain coupled with an artificial fluorescent chemosensor. The hybrid biosensor consists of a phosphoprotein binding domain, the WW domain, into which has been introduced a fluorescent stilbazole having Zn(II)-dipicolylamine (Dpa) as a phosphate binding motif. It showed strong binding affinity and high sensing selectivity toward a specific bis-phosphorylated peptide in the presence of various phosphate species such as the monophosphorylated peptide, ATP, and others. Detailed fluorescence titration experiments clearly indicate that the binding-induced fluorescence enhancement and the sensing selectivity were achieved by the cooperative action of both binding sites of the hybrid biosensor, i.e., the WW domain and the Zn(II)-Dpa chemosensor unit. Thus, it is clear that the tethered Zn(II)-Dpa-stilbazole unit operated not only as a fluorescence signal transducer, but also as a sub-binding site in the hybrid biosensor. Taking advantage of its selective sensing property, the hybrid biosensor was successfully applied to real-time and label-free fluorescence monitoring of a protein kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Anai
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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24
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The expedient access to bromo-pyridine carbaldehyde scaffolds using gem-dibromomethyl intermediates. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Zhu Z, Karasawa S, Koga N. Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of Complexes of MIICl2 (M = Cu, Ni, and Co) Coordinated with 4-(N-tert-butyloxyamino)-2-(methoxymethylenyl)pyridine: 2D Magnetic Anisotropy of the Aminoxyl-CoII Complex in the Crystalline State. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:6004-11. [PMID: 16097820 DOI: 10.1021/ic048441x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three metal complexes, [M(II)Cl2(4NOPy-OMe)2] (M = Cu (1), Ni (2), and Co (3)), were prepared by mixing the corresponding metal chloride and 4-(N-tert-butyloxyamino)-2-(methoxymethylenyl)pyridine, 4NOPy-OMe, in 1:2 ratio. Complex 1 has two structures (complexes A and B) with similar coordination geometries, compressed octahedrons. In the crystal structure, complexes A and B locate alternately in short distances (C(radical)...C(beta) = 3.17 and 3.23 A) to form a 1-D chain structure. Complexes 2 and 3 are isomorphous and have a slightly distorted octahedral structure. In the crystal structure, both complexes have intermolecular short contacts (C(radical)...C(alpha) = 3.46 and 3.52 A for 2 and 3, respectively) to form the 2-D structures. The temperature dependence of the chi(mol)T values for the three complexes indicated that the magnetic interactions between the radicals and the metal ions within the complexes were ferromagnetic. By fitting a modified Fisher 1-D model to the data of the chi(mol)T vs T plot for 1, we estimated the intra- and intermolecular (intrachain) exchange coupling constants to be J1/kB = 60.2 and J2/kB = -7.02 K, respectively. On the other hand, complexes 2 and 3 showed steep increases of the chi(mol)T value below ca. 3 K, indicating that the long-range magnetic ordering is operating. The 1/chi(mol) vs T plot for 2 was analyzed by a Curie-Weiss model to give theta = 6.25 K and C = 2.02 cm3 K mol(-1) with g(Ni) = 2.25. Complex 3 was investigated in more detail using an orientated sample. Magnetic behavior strongly depends on the direction of the applied field, in which the c axis perpendicular to the ab plane is an easy axis for magnetization. Direct current (dc) and alternating current (ac) magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed that complex 3 had a magnetic phase transition of T(c) = 2.14 K and exhibited a glasslike magnetic behavior below T(c).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Zhu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan, 812-8582
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26
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Synthesis of Ammonium 5-Arylcarbamoyl-4-heteryl-6-methyl-3-cyano-1,4-dihydropyridine-2-thiolates and 4-Heteryl-5-carbamoyl-6-methyl-3-cyano-1,4-dihydropyridine-2-selenolates. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11176-005-0248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Haginoya N, Kobayashi S, Komoriya S, Yoshino T, Nagata T, Hirokawa Y, Nagahara T. Design, synthesis, and biological activity of non-amidine factor Xa inhibitors containing pyridine N-oxide and 2-carbamoylthiazole units. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:5579-86. [PMID: 15465335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2004] [Revised: 08/03/2004] [Accepted: 08/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Based on the both of results for X-ray studies of tetrahydrothiazolopyridine derivative 1c and FXV673, we synthesized a series of thiazol-5-ylpyridine derivatives containing pyridine N-oxide and 2-carbamoylthiazole units to optimize the S4 binding element. N-Oxidation of thiazol-5-ylpyridine increased the anti-fXa activity more than 10-fold independent on the position of N-oxide. The 4-pyridine N-oxide derivatives 3a and 3d excelled over the tetrahydrothiazolopyridine 1b in potency. 2-Methylpyridine N-oxide 3d exhibited 49-fold selectivity over thrombin. Our modeling study proposed a binding mode that the pyridine N-oxide ring of 3a stuck into the "cation hole" , and the oxide anion of 3a occupied in the almost same space to that of FXV673. From observations of the SAR and modeling studies, we suggested the possibilities that the formation of hydrogen bond with the oxide anion in the "cation hole" and the affinity of cationic pyridine ring to S4 subsite were responsible for increase in anti-fXa activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyasu Haginoya
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1-16-13, Kita-Kasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
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28
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Carroll WA, Altenbach RJ, Bai H, Brioni JD, Brune ME, Buckner SA, Cassidy C, Chen Y, Coghlan MJ, Daza AV, Drizin I, Fey TA, Fitzgerald M, Gopalakrishnan M, Gregg RJ, Henry RF, Holladay MW, King LL, Kort ME, Kym PR, Milicic I, Tang R, Turner SC, Whiteaker KL, Yi L, Zhang H, Sullivan JP. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a novel series of 2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydrothieno[3,2-b]quinolin-8(4H)-one 1,1-dioxide K(ATP) channel openers: discovery of (-)-(9S)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9- hexahydrothieno[3,2-b]quinolin-8(4H)-one 1,1-dioxide (A-278637), a potent K(ATP) opener that selectively inhibits spontaneous bladder contractions. J Med Chem 2004; 47:3163-79. [PMID: 15163196 DOI: 10.1021/jm030356w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships were investigated on a novel series of sulfonyldihydropyridine-containing K(ATP) openers. Ring sizes, absolute stereochemistry, and aromatic substitution were evaluated for K(ATP) activity in guinea pig bladder cells using a fluorescence-based membrane potential assay and in a pig bladder strip assay. The inhibition of spontaneous bladder contractions in vitro was also examined for a select group of compounds. All compounds studied showed greater potency to inhibit spontaneous bladder contractions relative to their potencies to inhibit contractions elicited by electrical stimulation. In an anesthetized pig model of myogenic bladder overactivity, compound 14 and (-)-cromakalim 1 were found to inhibit spontaneous bladder contractions in vivo at plasma concentrations lower than those that affected hemodynamic parameters. Compound 14 showed approximately 5-fold greater selectivity than 1 in vivo and supports the concept that bladder-selective K(ATP) channel openers may have utility in the treatment of overactive bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Carroll
- Abbott Laboratories, Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6101, USA.
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29
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Bolli MH, Boss C, Clozel M, Fischli W, Hess P, Weller T. The use of sulfonylamido pyrimidines incorporating an unsaturated side chain as endothelin receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:955-9. [PMID: 12617929 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)01084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of compounds structurally related to bosentan 1 featuring an unsaturated side chain at position 6 of the core pyrimidine have been studied for their potential to block the ET(A) and ET(B) receptor. Incorporation of a 2-butyne-1,4-diol linker bearing a pyridyl carbamoyl moiety led to in vitro highly potent endothelin receptor antagonists (e.g., 70 and 75). The propargyl derivative 26 significantly reduced blood pressure in in vivo model studies with hypertensive salt-sensitive Dahl rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Bolli
- Drug Discovery Chemistry and Preclinical Research, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil/BL, Switzerland.
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30
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Bennasar ML, Zulaica E, Juan C, Alonso Y, Bosch J. Addition of ester enolates to N-alkyl-2-fluoropyridinium salts: total synthesis of (+/-)-20-deoxycamptothecin and (+)-camptothecin. J Org Chem 2002; 67:7465-74. [PMID: 12375981 DOI: 10.1021/jo026173j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several 4-substituted dihydropyridones or 2-pyridones have been prepared by nucleophilic addition of alpha-(methylsulfanyl)ester enolates to N-alkyl-2-fluoropyridinium salts, followed by acid hydrolysis or oxidation with concomitant hydrolysis, of the intermediate 2-fluoro-1,4-dihydropyridine adducts, respectively. Addition of the enolate derived from isopropyl alpha-(methylsulfanyl)butyrate to N-(quinolylmethyl)-2-fluoropyridinium triflate 21 followed by DDQ treatment gave pyridone 29, from which (+/-)-20-deoxycamptothecin (31), a known precursor of camptothecin, was synthesized by a radical cyclization-desulfurization, with subsequent elaboration of the lactone E ring by chemoselective reduction. A similar sequence starting from the enolate of a chiral 2-hydroxybutyric acid derivative (33) provides access to natural (+)-camptothecin (37).
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Affiliation(s)
- M-Lluïsa Bennasar
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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31
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Synthesis of 2-amino-6-(2-[18F]fluoro-pyridine-4-ylmethoxy)-9-(octyl-β-d-glucosyl)-purine: a novel radioligand for positron emission tomography studies of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) status of tumour tissue. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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32
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Liang JC, Yeh JL, Wang CS, Liou SF, Tsai CH, Chen IJ. The new generation dihydropyridine type calcium blockers, bearing 4-phenyl oxypropanolamine, display alpha-/beta-adrenoceptor antagonist and long-acting antihypertensive activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:719-30. [PMID: 11814861 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new series of dihydropyridine derivatives, bearing oxypropanolamine moiety on phenyl ring at the 4-position of the dihydropyridine base, were prepared. Oxypropanolamine was synthesized by replacing the phenolic OH of vanillin or other compounds, having a phenyl aldehyde group, with epichlorohydrin, followed by cleavaging the obtained epoxide compounds with tert-butylamine, n-butylamine or 2-methoxy-1-oxyethylamino benzene (guaiacoxyethylamine), respectively. Obtained various oxypropanolamine compounds, still remaining a phenyl aldehyde moiety, were then performed by Hantzsch condensation reaction with methylacetoacetate or ethylacetoacetate, respectively, to give our new series of dihydropyridine linked with the 4-phenyl ring. These compounds were evaluated for inotropic, chronotropic, and aorta contractility that associated with calcium channel and adrenoceptor antagonist activities. Dihydropyridine derivatives that with oxypropanolamine side chain on their 4-phenyl ring associated alpha-/beta-adrenoceptor blocking activities created a new family of calcium entry and the third generation beta-adrenoceptor blockers. Optimizing this research to obtain more potent alpha-/beta-adrenoceptor blocking and long-acting antihypertensive oxypropanolamine on the 4-phenyl ring of dihydropyridine series compounds was thus accomplished and classified as third generation dihydropyridine type calcium channel blockers, in comparison with previous short-acting type nifedipine and long-acting type amlodipine. We concluded that compounds 1a, 1b and 1g showed not only markedly high calcium-antagonistic activity but also the highest antihypertensive effect; compounds 1b, 1c, 1f, 1g, 1i and 1j induced sustained antihypertensive effects are major and attributed to their calcium entry and alpha-adrenoceptor blocking activities in the blood vessel due to their introduction of 2-methoxy, 1-oxyethylamino benzene moiety in the side chain on the 4-phenyl ring of dihydropyridine. Bradycardiac effects of all the compounds 1a-1j resulted from calcium entry and beta-adrenoceptor blocking, which attenuate the sympathetic activation-associated reflex tachycardia in the heart. We selected compound 1b as candidate compound for further pharmacological and pre-clinical evaluation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhy-Chong Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, ROC
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33
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Tomohiro Y, Satake A, Kobuke Y. Synthesis of bipyridylene-bridged bisporphyrin by nickel-mediated coupling reaction: ON-OFF control of cofacial porphyrin unit by reversible complexation. J Org Chem 2001; 66:8442-6. [PMID: 11735523 DOI: 10.1021/jo015852b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel bipyridylene-bridged bisporphyrin 1a, in which two porphyrin units were attached directly to symmetrical 4,4'-positions of the 2,2'-bipyridyl group, was synthesized by a nickel(0)-mediated homocoupling reaction of 5,10,15-tris(n-heptyl)-20-(2'-bromo-4'-pyridyl)porphyrinatozinc (3a) in 58% yield. Spatial geometries of two porphyrins in 1a were regulated by reversible complexation of the bipyridyl part with PdCl(2). Thus, the addition of 2.2 equiv of palladium chloride to 1a converted the freely rotating conformation to the cofacial bisporphyrin 2a. The subsequent addition of 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine 9 regenerated the initial bisporphyrin 1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tomohiro
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, and CREST, Japan
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34
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Clive DL, Kang S. Synthesis of biaryls by intramolecular radical transfer in phosphinates. J Org Chem 2001; 66:6083-91. [PMID: 11529734 DOI: 10.1021/jo010371d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphinates 20a-35a give biaryls 20b-35b on heating with stannanes in the presence of AIBN. The process involves a radical ipso substitution on the migrating aryl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Clive
- Chemistry Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2.
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35
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Rearrangement of Nitropyridylidenemalonate 1-Oxides. A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Aminopyridine Derivatives. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Turan-Zitouni G, Chevallet P, Kiliç FS, Erol K. Synthesis of some thiazolyl-pyrazoline derivatives and preliminary investigation of their hypotensive activity. Eur J Med Chem 2000; 35:635-41. [PMID: 10906414 DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(00)00152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Some 1-(4-arylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diaryl-2-pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized by reacting 1-thiocarbamoyl-3,5-diaryl-2-pyrazoline derivatives with phenacetylbromide in ethanol. The structural elucidation of the compounds were performed by IR, 1H-NMR and Mass spectral data and elemental analyses. The hypotensive activities of 13 compounds were evaluated by using the tail-cuff method. All examined compounds showed appreciable hypotensive activities. Clonidine was used as reference substance in the pharmacological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Turan-Zitouni
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey.
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37
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Tunçbilek M, Ozbey S, Kendi E, Yildirim E, Erol K, Ertan R. Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of the calcium channel antagonist: dimethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-[4'-(4H-4-oxo-1-benzopyran-2-yl)phenyl]- 3,5-pyridine dicarboxylate. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 1999; 54:660-5. [PMID: 10575734 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(99)00076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the title compound via the Hantzsch method from 4'-flavone carboxaldehyde is described, and its molecular structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. The 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) ring adopts a boat conformation. The phenyl ring of the flavone is not exactly perpendicular to the DHP ring. Calcium antagonistic activity of this compound was evaluated in vitro by using BaCl2-stimulated rat ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tunçbilek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Turkey
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38
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Klunder JM, Hoermann M, Cywin CL, David E, Brickwood JR, Schwartz R, Barringer KJ, Pauletti D, Shih CK, Erickson DA, Sorge CL, Joseph DP, Hattox SE, Adams J, Grob PM. Novel nonnucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. 7. 8-Arylethyldipyridodiazepinones as potent broad-spectrum inhibitors of wild-type and mutant enzymes. J Med Chem 1998; 41:2960-71. [PMID: 9685235 DOI: 10.1021/jm9707028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Like other nonnucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the dipyridodiazepinone nevirapine (Viramune, 1) selects for drug resistant variants of HIV-1, both in cell culture and in patients. In particular, the mutation of residue 181 from tyrosine to cysteine (Y181C) is associated with resistance to most reported nonnucleoside inhibitors. Introduction of an arylethyl substituent at the 8-position of the tricyclic dipyridodiazepinone skeleton confers enhanced potency against Y181C RT. Several analogues of this series display good broad spectrum potency against a panel of mutant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Klunder
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Inflammatory Diseases, and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, USA
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39
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Riegert U, Heiss G, Fischer P, Stolz A. Distal cleavage of 3-chlorocatechol by an extradiol dioxygenase to 3-chloro-2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde. J Bacteriol 1998; 180:2849-53. [PMID: 9603871 PMCID: PMC107248 DOI: 10.1128/jb.180.11.2849-2853.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase from the naphthalenesulfonate-degrading bacterium Sphingomonas sp. strain BN6 oxidized 3-chlorocatechol to a yellow product with a strongly pH-dependent absorption maximum at 378 nm. A titration curve suggested (de)protonation of an ionizable group with a pKa of 4.4. The product was isolated, purified, and converted, by treatment with diazomethane, to a dimethyl derivative and, by incubation with ammonium chloride, to a picolinic acid derivative. Mass spectra and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data for these two derivatives prove a 3-chloro-2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde structure for the metabolite, resulting from distal (1,6) cleavage of 3-chlorocatechol. 3-Methylcatechol and 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl are oxidized by this enzyme, in contrast, via proximal (2,3) cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Riegert
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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40
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Iqbal N, Akula MR, Vo D, Matowe WC, McEwen CA, Wolowyk MW, Knaus EE. Synthesis, rotamer orientation, and calcium channel modulation activities of alkyl and 2-phenethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(3- or 6-substituted-2-pyridyl)-5-pyridinecarboxylates. J Med Chem 1998; 41:1827-37. [PMID: 9599233 DOI: 10.1021/jm970529f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A group of racemic alkyl and 2-phenethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(3- or 6-substituted-2-pyridyl)-5-pyridinecarboxylates (13a-q) was prepared using a modified Hantzsch reaction that involved the condensation of a 3- or 6-substituted-2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (7a-j) with an alkyl or 2-phenethyl 3-aminocrotonate (11a-d) and nitroacetone (12). Nuclear Overhauser (NOE) studies indicated there is a significant rotamer fraction in solution where the pyridyl nitrogen is oriented above the 1,4-dihydropyridine ring, irrespective of whether a substituent is located at the 3- or 6-position. A potential H-bonding interaction between the pyridyl nitrogen free electron pair and the suitably positioned 1,4-dihydropyridine NH moiety may stablize this rotamer orientation. In vitro calcium channel antagonist and agonist activities were determined using guinea pig ileum longitudinal smooth muscle (GPILSM) and guinea pig left atrium (GPLA) assays, respectively. Compounds having an i-Pr ester substituent acted as dual cardioselective calcium channel agonists (GPLA)/smooth muscle-selective calcium channel antagonists (GPILSM), except for the C-4 3-nitro-2-pyridyl compound which exhibited an antagonist effect on both GPLA and GPILSM. In contrast, the compounds with a phenethyl ester group, which exhibited antagonist activity (IC50 = 10(-5)-10(-7) M range) on GPILSM, were devoid of cardiac agonist activity on GPLA. Structure-activity relationships showing the effect of a substituent (Me, CF3, Cl, NO2, Ph) at the 3- or 6-position of a C-4 2-pyridyl moiety and a variety of ester substituents (Me, Et, i-Pr, PhCH2CH2-) upon calcium channel modulation are described. Compounds possessing a 3- or 6-substituted-2-pyridyl moiety, in conjuction with an i-Pr ester substituent, are novel 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel modulators that offer a new drug design approach directed to the treatment of congestive heart failure and may also be useful as probes to study the structure-function relationships of calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Iqbal
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2N8
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41
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Hamel P, Riendeau D, Brideau C, Chan CC, Desmarais S, Delorme D, Dubé D, Ducharme Y, Ethier D, Grimm E, Falgueyret JP, Guay J, Jones TR, Kwong E, McAuliffe M, McFarlane CS, Piechuta H, Roumi M, Tagari P, Young RN, Girard Y. Substituted (pyridylmethoxy)naphthalenes as potent and orally active 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors; synthesis, biological profile, and pharmacokinetics of L-739,010. J Med Chem 1997; 40:2866-75. [PMID: 9288168 DOI: 10.1021/jm970046b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dioxabicyclooctanyl naphthalenenitriles have been reported as a class of potent and nonredox 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitors. These bicyclo derivatives were shown to be metabolically more stable than their tetrahydropyranyl counterparts but were not well orally absorbed. Replacement of the phenyl ring in the naphthalenenitrile 1 by a pyridine ring leads to the potent and orally absorbed inhibitor 3g (L-739,010, 2-cyano-4-(3-furyl)-7-[[6-[3-(3-hydroxy-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1] octanyl)]-2-pyridyl]methoxy]naphthalene). Compound 3g inhibits 5-HPETE production by human 5-LO and LTB4 biosynthesis by human PMN leukocytes and human whole blood (IC50S of 20, 1.6, and 42 nM, respectively). Derivative 3g is orally active in the rat pleurisy model (inhibition of LTB4, ED50 = 0.3 mg/kg) and in the anesthetized dog model (inhibition of ex vivo whole blood LTB4 and urinary LTE4, ED50 = 0.45 and 0.23 microgram/kg/min, respectively, i.v. infusion). In addition, 3g shows excellent functional activity against ovalbumin-induced dyspnea in rats (60% inhibition at 0.5 mg/kg, 4 h pretreatment) and Ascaris-induced bronchoconstriction in conscious sheep (50% and > 85% inhibition in early and late phases, respectively at 2.5 micrograms/kg/min, i.v. infusion) and, more particularly in the conscious antigen sensitive squirrel monkey model (53% inhibition of the increase in RL and 76% in the decrease of Cdyn, at 0.1 mg/kg, po). In rats and dogs, 3g presents excellent pharmacokinetics (estimated half-lives of 5 and 16 h, respectively) and bioavailabilities (26% and 73% when dosed as its hydrochloride salt at doses of 20 and 10 mg/kg, respectively, in methocel suspension). Based on its overall biological profile, compound 3g has been selected for preclinical animal toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hamel
- Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Pointe Claire-Dorval, Quebec, Canada
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Kelly TR, Lee YJ, Mears RJ. Synthesis of Cyclo-2,2':4',4":2",2"':4"',4"":2"",2""':4""',4-sexipyridine. J Org Chem 1997; 62:2774-2781. [PMID: 11671639 DOI: 10.1021/jo962236k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of the title compound (2) by use of Stille couplings and a Kröhnke pyridine synthesis is described. By application of the Stille coupling reaction, preparation and functionalization of quater- and quinquepyridines 26, 27, and 28 were achieved. Elaboration of quinquepyridine 27 to the pyridinium salt 30 bearing a protected enal allowed for the synthesis of 2 by a one-pot deprotection/Kröhnke reaction in nine steps from 4,4'-bipyridine. Use of the Kröhnke pyridine synthesis has been applied to prepare sexipyridine dibromide 19, but attempts to induce a macrocyclization via metal-mediated (Pd/Ni/Cu) aryl-aryl coupling procedures proved unsuccessful. Acetylene-bridged sexipyridines 3a and 3b incorporating 2,2'-bipyridine units proved to be inaccessible via sp-sp(2) or sp-sp coupling protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Ross Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, E. F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167
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Katoh T, Ogawa K, Inagaki Y, Okazaki R. Syntheses and properties of (1,8-naphthylene)bispyridines and related pyridinium compounds. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Annunziata R, Benaglia M, Cinquini M, Cozzi F, Molteni V, Raimondi L. Optically Active Aminoalcohol Promoted Addition of 2-Pyridylthioester Boron Enolates to Imines: Enantioselective One-pot Synthesis of β-Lactams. Tetrahedron 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)00503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mannhold R. [Calcium antagonists of the dihydropyridine type: pharmaceutical chemistry and molecular pharmacology]. PHARMAZIE IN UNSERER ZEIT 1995; 24:137-53. [PMID: 7610109 DOI: 10.1002/pauz.19950240310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Mannhold
- Institut für Lasermedizin, Arbeitsgruppe Mol. Wirkstoff-Forschung, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf
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Shawcross AP, Stanforth SP. Preparation of some substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570300253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bracher F. First synthesis of the benzo[f]pyrido[2′,3′:3,4]-pyrrolo[2,1-a][2,7]naphthyridine ring system. J Heterocycl Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570300128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Sausins AE, Duburs G. Synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines in cyclocondensation reactions (review). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00766993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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