1
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Pardeshi VAS, Chundawat NS, Pathan SI, Sukhwal P, Chundawat TPS, Singh GP. A review on synthetic approaches of benzimidazoles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1841239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Priyal Sukhwal
- Department of Chemistry, Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Girdhar Pal Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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2
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Konus M, Çetin D, Yılmaz C, Arslan S, Mutlu D, Kurt‐Kızıldoğan A, Otur Ç, Ozok O, AS Algso M, Kivrak A. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Novel Thiophene‐Based Indole Derivatives as Potential Antibacterial, GST Inhibitor and Apoptotic Anticancer Agents. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Metin Konus
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of SciencesVan Yüzüncü Yil University 65080 Van Turkey
| | - Doğan Çetin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of SciencesVan Yüzüncü Yil University 65080 Van Turkey
| | - Can Yılmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of SciencesVan Yüzüncü Yil University 65080 Van Turkey
| | - Sevki Arslan
- Department of Biology Faculty of Arts and SciencesPamukkale University 20100 Denizli Turkey
| | - Dogukan Mutlu
- Department of Biology Faculty of Arts and SciencesPamukkale University 20100 Denizli Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Kurt‐Kızıldoğan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Faculty of AgricultureOndokuz Mayıs University 55139 Samsun Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Otur
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Faculty of AgricultureOndokuz Mayıs University 55139 Samsun Turkey
| | - Omruye Ozok
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of SciencesVan Yüzüncü Yil University 65080 Van Turkey
- Department of ChemistryVan Yüzüncü Yil University Van 65080 Turkey
| | - Muheb AS Algso
- Department of ChemistryVan Yüzüncü Yil University Van 65080 Turkey
| | - Arif Kivrak
- Department of ChemistryVan Yüzüncü Yil University Van 65080 Turkey
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3
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Garkoti C, Shabir J, Mozumdar S. Amine‐Terminated Ionic Liquid Modified Magnetic Graphene Oxide (MGO‐IL‐NH
2
): A Highly Efficient and Reusable Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of 3‐Amino Alkylated Indoles. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charu Garkoti
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi India - 110007
| | - Javaid Shabir
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi India - 110007
| | - Subho Mozumdar
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi India - 110007
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4
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Synthesis and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Novel N-Substituted Indole Derivatives. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4358453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole motifs are one of the most significant scaffolds in the discovery of new drugs. We have described a synthesis of new N-substituted indole derivatives (1-3), and their in vitro antimicrobial activities were investigated. The synthesis of titled compounds has been demonstrated by utilizing commercially available starting materials. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were performed using new strains of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans using the disc diffusion method. Notably, the compound 4-(1-(2-(1H-indol-1-yl) ethoxy) pentyl)-N,N-dimethyl aniline (1) was found to be most potent than the other analogues (2 and 3), which has shown higher inhibition than the standard drug chloramphenicol.
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A new and facile synthesis of 3-(2-aryl-6-nitro-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones by sodium alginate as biopolymeric catalyst. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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6
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Bektas H, Albay C, Menteşe E, Sokmen BB, Kurt Z, Şen D. Synthesis, Antioxidant and Antiurease Activities of Some New 5,6- dichloro-2-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-benzimidazole Derivatives Containing Furan, Oxadiazole, Triazole and Thiadiazole Moieties. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666180827124956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Benzimidazoles and its derivatives have been attracting interest for many years because of their biological activities. Benzimidazoles containing different heterocyclic moieties have wide range of biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, etc.Methods:In this study, some benzimidazole derivatives containing furan, oxadiazole, triazole and thiadiazole moieties have been synthesized and then evaluated for their antioxidant and antiurease activities.Results:The results showed that all the tested benzimidazoles indicated remarkable urease inhibitory potentials with IC50 values ranging between 0.303±0.03 to 0.591±0.08 µM.Conclusion:In conclusion, synthesized benzimidazole derivatives showed good antioxidant and antiurease activities. Heterocyclic groups on benzimidazole nucleus enhance the activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Bektas
- Department of Chemistry,Art and Science Faculty, Giresun University, 28049, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Canan Albay
- Department of Chemistry,Art and Science Faculty, Giresun University, 28049, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Emre Menteşe
- Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
| | - Bahar Bilgin Sokmen
- Department of Chemistry,Art and Science Faculty, Giresun University, 28049, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Zafer Kurt
- Department of Chemistry,Art and Science Faculty, Giresun University, 28049, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Dilem Şen
- Department of Chemistry,Art and Science Faculty, Giresun University, 28049, Giresun, Turkey
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7
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Synthesis and antioxidant activity of some new N-alkylated pyrazole-containing benzimidazoles. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-2036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Sravanthi T, Manju S. Indoles — A promising scaffold for drug development. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 91:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Mahale S, Bharate SB, Manda S, Joshi P, Jenkins PR, Vishwakarma RA, Chaudhuri B. Antitumour potential of BPT: a dual inhibitor of cdk4 and tubulin polymerization. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1743. [PMID: 25950473 PMCID: PMC4669722 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The marine natural product fascaplysin (1) is a potent Cdk4 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4)-specific inhibitor, but is toxic to all cell types possibly because of its DNA-intercalating properties. Through the design and synthesis of numerous fascaplysin analogues, we intended to identify inhibitors of cancer cell growth with good therapeutic window with respect to normal cells. Among various non-planar tryptoline analogues prepared, N-(biphenyl-2-yl) tryptoline (BPT, 6) was identified as a potent inhibitor of cancer cell growth and free from DNA-binding properties owing to its non-planar structure. This compound was tested in over 60 protein kinase assays. It displayed inhibition of Cdk4-cyclin D1 enzyme in vitro far more potently than many other kinases including Cdk family members. Although it blocks growth of cancer cells deficient in the mitotic-spindle checkpoint at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, the block occurs primarily at the G2/M phase. BPT inhibits tubulin polymerization in vitro and acts as an enhancer of tubulin depolymerization of paclitaxel-stabilized tubulin in live cells. Western blot analyses indicated that, in p53-positive cells, BPT upregulates the expression of p53, p21 and p27 proteins, whereas it downregulates the expression of cyclin B1 and Cdk1. BPT selectively kills SV40-transformed mouse embryonic hepatic cells and human fibroblasts rather than untransformed cells. BPT inhibited the growth of several human cancer cells with an IC50<1 μM. The pharmacokinetic study in BALB/c mice indicated good plasma exposure after intravenous administration. It was found to be efficacious at 1/10th the maximum-tolerated dose (1000 mg/kg) against human tumours derived from HCT-116 (colon) and NCI-H460 (lung) cells in SCID (severe-combined immunodeficient) mice models. BPT is a relatively better anticancer agent than fascaplysin with an unusual ability to block two overlapping yet crucial phases of the cell cycle, mitosis and G0/G1. Its ability to effectively halt tumour growth in human tumour-bearing mice would suggest that BPT has the potential to be a candidate for further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mahale
- School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - S B Bharate
- 1] Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India [2] Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - S Manda
- 1] Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India [2] Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - P Joshi
- 1] Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India [2] Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - P R Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - R A Vishwakarma
- 1] Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India [2] Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - B Chaudhuri
- School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
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10
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Khan MA, Fazal-ur-Rehman S, Hameed A, Kousar S, Dalvandi K, Yousuf S, Choudhary MI, Basha FZ. Regioselective synthesis of novel 2,3,4,4a-tetrahydro-1H-carbazoles and their cholinesterase inhibitory activities. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10461k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes the regioselective synthesis of novel 2,3,4,4a-tetrahydro-1H-carbazoles (syn-2(a–q) and anti-3(a–b)) from l-menthone via Fischer indole synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aqeel Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences
- University of Karachi
- Karachi-75270
- Pakistan
| | | | - Abdul Hameed
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences
- University of Karachi
- Karachi-75270
- Pakistan
| | - Shazia Kousar
- Department of Chemistry
- G.C. University
- Faisalabad-38000
- Pakistan
| | - Kourosh Dalvandi
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences
- University of Karachi
- Karachi-75270
- Pakistan
| | - Sammer Yousuf
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences
- University of Karachi
- Karachi-75270
- Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences
- University of Karachi
- Karachi-75270
- Pakistan
| | - Fatima Zehra Basha
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences
- University of Karachi
- Karachi-75270
- Pakistan
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11
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Ayhan-Kilcigil G, Kus C, Coban T, Can-Eke B, Iscan M. Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties of Novel Benzimidazole Derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 19:129-35. [PMID: 15449727 DOI: 10.1080/1475636042000202017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Some novel benzimidazole derivatives carrying thiosemicarbazide and triazole moieties at the N1 position were synthesized and their in vitro effects on rat liver microsomal NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation (LP) levels determined by measuring the formation of 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance. The free radical scavenging properties of the compounds were also examined in vitro by determining the capacity to scavenge superoxide anion formation and the interaction with the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The compounds showed a significant effect in the above tests except to scavenge superoxide anion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülgün Ayhan-Kilcigil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100, Tandogan, Ankara-Turkey.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf-Dieter Rudorf
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
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13
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Constantinou MA, Tsantili-Kakoulidou A, Andreadou I, Iliodromitis EK, Kremastinos DT, Mikros E. Application of NMR-based metabonomics in the investigation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, ischemic preconditioning and antioxidant intervention in rabbits. Eur J Pharm Sci 2007; 30:303-14. [PMID: 17196379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2006.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Revised: 11/23/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NMR based metabonomics was applied in rabbit plasma samples during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, with the following interventions: (1) Control (no intervention); (2) ischemic preconditioning (IpC); (3) administration of melatonin; (4) IpC+administration of melatonin; (5) treatment of the indole derivative C6458. The (1)H NMR signal intensity ratio of lactate/glucose was found to increase in Control samples during reperfusion compared to baseline, while lactate+alanine/acetate was decreased suggesting impairment of aerobic glycolysis and concomitant lipid utilization. In contrast, after IpC or treatment with C6458, the lactate/glucose ratio was similar to baseline in accordance with the previously reported decrease in infarct size. Multivariate statistical methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Discriminant Analysis (DA) were used for the discrimination of samples. The use of ANOVA variable preselection prior to PCA was advantageous in producing adequate models. PCA could classify the Control group in three clusters according to the condition of the heart (baseline-ischemia-reperfusion) while in the IpC groups no classification was evident. PCA discrimination upon treatment with melatonin and C6458 provided further evidence of their effect on the metabolic profile. The supervised DA resulted in fine discrimination between the different subgroups. Plasma NMR spectra in combination with pattern recognition techniques proved to be an efficient and simple method to depict the metabolic changes produced upon ischemia-reperfusion of the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Constantinou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 157 71 Athens, Greece
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14
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Suzen S, Bozkaya P, Coban T, Nebioğu D. Investigation of the in vitro antioxidant behaviour of some 2-phenylindole derivatives: discussion on possible antioxidant mechanisms and comparison with melatonin. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2007; 21:405-11. [PMID: 17059173 DOI: 10.1080/14756360500381210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the development of many neurodegenerative diseases and also responsible from aging and some cancer types. Indolic compounds are a broad family of substances present in microorganisms, plants and animals. They are mainly related to tryptophan metabolism, and present particular properties that depend on their respective chemical structures. Due to free radical scavenger and antioxidant properties of indolic derivatives such as indolinic nitroxides and melatonin, a series of 2-phenyl indole derivatives were prepared and their in vitro effects on rat liver lipid peroxidation levels, superoxide formation and DPPH stable radical scavenging activities were determined against melatonin, BHT and alpha-tocopherol. The compounds significantly inhibited (72-98%) lipid peroxidation at 10(-3) M. These values were similar to that observed with BHT (88%). Possible structure-activity relationships of the compounds were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Suzen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
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15
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Kuş C, Ayhan-Kilcigil G, Can Eke B, Işcan M. Synthesis and antioxidant properties of some novel benzimidazole derivatives on lipid peroxidation in the rat liver. Arch Pharm Res 2004; 27:156-63. [PMID: 15022715 DOI: 10.1007/bf02980099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Some benzimidazole derivatives namely 1-[(substituted thiocarbamoylhydrazine carbonyl) methyl]-2-phenyl-1H-benzimidazoles (1a-13a), N-[(2-phenylbenzimidazol-1-yl methyl)-[1,3,4]-thiadiazole-2-yl]-substituted phenyl amines (1b-13b) and 5-(2-phenyl benzimidazol-1-yl-methyl)-4-substituted phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones (1c-13c) were synthesized, and their in vitro effects on the rat liver microsomal NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation (LP) levels were determined. The most active compound 10a caused an 84% inhibition of LP at 10(-3) M, which is better than that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (65%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Kuş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara-Turkey
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Smyrniotis V, Kostopanagiotou G, Lolis E, Theodoraki K, Farantos C, Andreadou I, Polymeneas G, Genatas C, Contis J. Effects of hepatovenous back flow on ischemic- reperfusion injuries in liver resections with the pringle maneuver. J Am Coll Surg 2003; 197:949-54. [PMID: 14644283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2003.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental findings have demonstrated a beneficial role of retrograde blood flow from hepatic veins that takes place during the Pringle maneuver in liver resections. The cytoprotective effect of hepatovenous back-perfusion has not been evaluated in humans. A randomized prospective study was designed to compare the response of liver cells to ischemic-reperfusion injury during the application of two different ischemic procedures: inflow versus inflow plus outflow vascular occlusion of the liver. STUDY DESIGN Forty patients were randomly allocated to undergo liver resection using the continuous Pringle maneuver (n = 20) or inflow plus outflow vascular occlusion of the liver by selective hepatic vascular exclusion (n = 20). Liver function was assessed on postoperative days 1 to 6. Response of liver cells to I/R injury was evaluated by measuring interleukins IL-6 and IL-8 at 3, 12, 24, and 48 hours after reperfusion. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde levels. RESULTS Both groups were comparable regarding ischemic time, operative time, and extent of liver resection. Patients in whom retrograde blood flow to the liver took place during the Pringle maneuver showed better liver function postoperatively and less severe hepatic I/R injuries compared with those undergoing liver resection using both inflow and outflow vascular occlusion. Oxidative stress was significantly lower in the Pringle maneuver group compared with the inflow plus outflow vascular occlusion group (mean [+/- SD] malondialdehyde 8 +/- 2.1 micromol/L in the Pringle group versus 14.7 +/- 1.8 micromol/L in the selective hepatic vascular exclusion group 30 min after reperfusion, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Back perfusion via hepatic veins contributes to attenuation of I/R damage during the Pringle maneuver and should be preferred if possible during liver resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Smyrniotis
- Second Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Panteleon V, Marakos P, Pouli N, Mikros E, Andreadou I. Synthesis, conformational analysis and free radical scavenging activity of some new spiropyranoquinolinones. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2003; 51:522-9. [PMID: 12736451 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.51.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel spiroadamantyl- and spirocyclical substituted pyranoquinolin-2-ones were synthesized and the conformation of the pyran ring was investigated. The free radical scavenging activity of the synthesized compounds was determined by their interaction with the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). All compounds tested scavenged the DPPH radical and among them derivatives possessing extended conjugation showed the highest activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Panteleon
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens, Greece
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18
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Andreadou I, Tsantili-Kakoulidou A, Spyropoulou E, Siatra T. Reactions of Indole Derivatives with Cardioprotective Activity with Reactive Oxygen Species. Comparison with Melatonin. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2003; 51:1128-31. [PMID: 14519915 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.51.1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported on the synthesis of novel indole derivatives containing an amine-triazole moiety (1a-d, 2a-c), and their antioxidant activity on in vitro non-enzymatic rat hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation. Some of the compounds showed protective activity against oxidative injury of ischemic myocardium. In the present paper we investigated the interactions of these derivatives with reactive oxygen species, in order to find a mechanism of their antioxidant capacity and to identify structural characteristics responsible for these properties. These interactions were compared with melatonin, which is also an indole derivative. The antioxidant profiles of the compounds were established by different in vitro protocols as follows: 1) by the interaction of the compounds with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) stable free radical, 2) their scavenging effects on superoxide anions using an enzymic system of xanthine-xanthine oxidase, 3) their inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase and 4) their ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals by comparison with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for *OH. All compounds were found to interact with DPPH, most of them to be superoxide anion scavengers and to be strong hydroxyl radical scavengers. Derivatives 1a and 1d substituted on the nitrogen of the indolic nucleus were found to have better antioxidant properties than the reference compounds used and melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Andreadou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Zografou, Greece.
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Andreadou I, Tasouli A, Iliodromitis E, Tsantili-Kakoulidou A, Papalois A, Siatra T, Kremastinos DT. Reduction of myocardial infarct size in rabbits by a novel indole derivative with antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. Eur J Pharmacol 2002; 453:271-7. [PMID: 12398915 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)02431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the cardioprotective efficacy of a new compound, 3-[(1H-1-indolyl)methyl] -4-amino 4,5-dihydro-1H,1,2,4 triazole-5-thione (C6458). The effect of C6458 on the reduction of the infarct size and its protective ability against oxidative damage of the myocardium after ischemia-reperfusion was examined in rabbits that were subjected to 30 min regional ischemia and 2 h reperfusion. C6458 was administered by continuous infusion for 30 min starting at the 10th minute of sustained ischemia and ending at the 10th minute of reperfusion (two doses, 100 and 200 micromol/kg BW). Infarct and risk areas were delineated with Zn2+-Cd2+ particles and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Antioxidant activity was detected spectrophotometrically by the measurement of malondialdehyde formation. C6458 reduced significantly the level of malondialdehyde in rabbits under ischemia-reperfusion at both doses. Interestingly, at the dose of 200 micromol/kg, the compound decreased the malondialdehyde levels from the 1st minute of reperfusion and significantly reduced infarct size. The free radical scavenging properties of the compound were examined in vitro by determination of the interaction with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) stable free radical. The ability of the C6458 to scavenge HO* was established by its competition with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for HO radicals. The compound tested showed a significant effect in the above assays. We conclude that C6458 possesses a protective effect against both damaged myocardium and infarct size in anesthetized rabbits. This beneficial effect may be attributed, at least in part, to its antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Andreadou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece.
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20
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Monitor: molecules and profiles. Drug Discov Today 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(02)02382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rekka E, Chrysselis M, Siskou I, Kourounakis A. Synthesis of new azulene derivatives and study of their effect on lipid peroxidation and lipoxygenase activity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:904-7. [PMID: 12130848 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between free radicals and acute or chronic inflammation has been well established. We have previously reported the significant antioxidant activity of the natural azulene derivatives chamazulene and guaiazulene. Furthermore, some synthetic azulene analogues have been found to possess anti-inflammatory activity. In this investigation we report the synthesis of five 3-alkyl or 3-(hydroxy)alkylazulene-1-carboxylic acids and esters, from tropolone, via the corresponding furanone. The synthesised compounds were tested for their effect on the peroxidation of rat hepatic microsomal membrane lipids, applying the 2-thiobarbituric acid test. Their anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in vitro by the offered inhibition of soybean lipoxygenase. All the tested molecules were found to inhibit lipid peroxidation by 100% at 1 mM. They were also found to considerably inhibit lipoxygenase activity. The above results are discussed in relation to the structure and physicochemical properties of the examined azulene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Rekka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
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