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Vanderstukken F, Spanhove V, Cools A, Borms D. Humeral Torsion in Relation to Shoulder Range of Motion in Elite Field Hockey Players. J Sport Rehabil 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38684206 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2023-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sport-specific adaptations in shoulder rotation range of motion (ROM) and the relationship with humeral torsion have been described in overhead-throwing sports. However, information is lacking for other shoulder-loading sports such as field hockey. Therefore, this study's purpose was to evaluate humeral torsion in elite, male field hockey players and explore its association with shoulder ROM. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Twenty-five male, elite field hockey players were included. Humeral torsion and shoulder external and internal rotation ROM were evaluated bilaterally by ultrasound and an inclinometer smartphone application, respectively. RESULTS Field hockey players showed a significantly increased humeral retroversion on the dominant compared with the nondominant side (P < .001; Cohen d = 1.75), along with a significantly increased external (P = .004; Cohen d = -0.64) and decreased internal rotation ROM (P = .003; Cohen d = 0.65). This finding illustrates a shift in total shoulder rotational ROM arc. Correlation analysis showed a significant moderate association between the increased humeral retroversion and decreased internal rotation ROM on the dominant side (r = .523). CONCLUSIONS Elite male field hockey athletes show sport-specific adaptations regarding humeral torsion and shoulder rotation ROM, similar to throwing athletes. These findings increase our insight into the field hockey athlete's shoulder, which is essential to optimize performance and assist in correctly interpreting shoulder rotational ROM measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fran Vanderstukken
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (Physiotherapy), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Hospital Ghent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Valentien Spanhove
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (Physiotherapy), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Hospital Ghent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Ann Cools
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (Physiotherapy), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Hospital Ghent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Dorien Borms
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (Physiotherapy), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Hospital Ghent, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and HealthSciences, University Hospital Ghent, Gent, Belgium
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2
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Stapleton F, Abad JC, Barabino S, Burnett A, Iyer G, Lekhanont K, Li T, Liu Y, Navas A, Obinwanne CJ, Qureshi R, Roshandel D, Sahin A, Shih K, Tichenor A, Jones L. TFOS lifestyle: Impact of societal challenges on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 28:165-199. [PMID: 37062429 PMCID: PMC10102706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Societal factors associated with ocular surface diseases were mapped using a framework to characterize the relationship between the individual, their health and environment. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigating factors on ocular surface diseases were considered in a systematic review. Age and sex effects were generally well-characterized for inflammatory, infectious, autoimmune and trauma-related conditions. Sex and gender, through biological, socio-economic, and cultural factors impact the prevalence and severity of disease, access to, and use of, care. Genetic factors, race, smoking and co-morbidities are generally well characterized, with interdependencies with geographical, employment and socioeconomic factors. Living and working conditions include employment, education, water and sanitation, poverty and socioeconomic class. Employment type and hobbies are associated with eye trauma and burns. Regional, global socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions, include remoteness, geography, seasonality, availability of and access to services. Violence associated with war, acid attacks and domestic violence are associated with traumatic injuries. The impacts of conflict, pandemic and climate are exacerbated by decreased food security, access to health services and workers. Digital technology can impact diseases through physical and mental health effects and access to health information and services. The COVID-19 pandemic and related mitigating strategies are mostly associated with an increased risk of developing new or worsening existing ocular surface diseases. Societal factors impact the type and severity of ocular surface diseases, although there is considerable interdependence between factors. The overlay of the digital environment, natural disasters, conflict and the pandemic have modified access to services in some regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Juan Carlos Abad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antioquia Ophthalmology Clinic-Clofan, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Stefano Barabino
- ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Ospedale L. Sacco-University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anthea Burnett
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Geetha Iyer
- C. J. Shah Cornea Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kaevalin Lekhanont
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tianjing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Ophthalmology Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Alejandro Navas
- Conde de Valenciana, National Autonomous University of Mexico UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Riaz Qureshi
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Danial Roshandel
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Afsun Sahin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Koc University Medical School, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kendrick Shih
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anna Tichenor
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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3
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Cicek T, Dhamo B, Wolvius EB, Wesselink PR, Kragt L. Effectiveness of the new mandatory mouthguard use and orodental injuries in Dutch field hockey. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2021; 49:455-462. [PMID: 33216663 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2020.1853487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
ObjectivesUp to 68% of field hockey players have experienced at least one orodental injury in their sport career. Therefore, the Royal Dutch Hockey Association (KNHB) made mouthguard use mandatory for field hockey players during competition and training from August 2015 onwards.This study evaluates the effects of the new regulations on mouthguard use and the occurrence of injuries in Dutch field hockey.MethodsA 35-item online questionnaire about mouthguard use and orodental injuries was sent to 13 field hockey clubs in the Netherlands. Absolute numbers and percentages of mouthguard ownership, mouthguard use, number and type of injuries were assessed. The results were related to comparable data before mandatory mouthguard use. Associations of gender and training frequency with the number of injuries were analysed with logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 1169 hockey players were included in the study and almost all owned a mouthguard (females:99.6%, males:93.7%), which significantly increased after implementation (p < 0.001). 90.6% of the respondents wore a mouthguard during matches and 70.1% during training. Of the 1169 players, 68(5.8%) experienced at least one orodental injury after the implementation with a total of 100 injuries. Injuries happened more often during matches (63.2%) than during training (36.8%). Lip cuts account for most of the injuries, the number of broken (p = 0.116) and knocked out teeth (p = 0.026) decreased.ConclusionAlthough mouthguard use already increased in recent years, the new regulations led to an additional increase and a successful change of attitude towards mouthguard use. Most importantly, the severity of orodental injuries decreased measurable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tevfik Cicek
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brunilda Dhamo
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eppo B Wolvius
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul R Wesselink
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Pedodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lea Kragt
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Gimigliano F, Resmini G, Moretti A, Aulicino M, Gargiulo F, Gimigliano A, Liguori S, Paoletta M, Iolascon G. Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Adult Athletes: A Scoping Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57101118. [PMID: 34684155 PMCID: PMC8539527 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57101118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Sport-related musculoskeletal injuries (MSK-Is) are a common health issue in athletes that can lead to reduced performance. The aim of this scoping review was to synthetize available evidence on injury incidence rates (IIRs), types, and sites that affect the musculoskeletal (MSK) system of adult athletes. Materials and Methods: We performed a scoping review on the Pubmed database limiting our search to 33 Olympic sports. Results: We identified a total of 1022 papers, and of these 162 were examined in full for the purpose of this review. Archery was the sport with the highest risk of injuries to the upper extremities, marathons for the lower extremities, and triathlon and weightlifting for the body bust. In the majority of the sports examined, muscle/tendon strain and ligament sprain were the most common MSK-Is diagnoses, while athletics, karate, and football were the sports with the highest IIRs, depending on the methods used for their calculations. Conclusions: Our scoping review highlighted the general lack and dishomogeneity in the collection of data on MSK-Is in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gimigliano
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Resmini
- Centre for the Study of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Disease, Section of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Treviglio-Caravaggio Hospital, 24047 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Antimo Moretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy; (M.A.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (G.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-566-5537
| | - Milena Aulicino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy; (M.A.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (G.I.)
| | - Fiorinda Gargiulo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy; (M.A.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (G.I.)
| | | | - Sara Liguori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy; (M.A.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (G.I.)
| | - Marco Paoletta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy; (M.A.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (G.I.)
| | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy; (M.A.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (G.I.)
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5
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Surfing for shin guards: the accuracy of online information. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Manaf H, Justine M, Hassan N. Prevalence and Pattern of Musculoskeletal Injuries Among Malaysian Hockey League Players. Malays Orthop J 2021; 15:21-26. [PMID: 33880144 PMCID: PMC8043635 DOI: 10.5704/moj.2103.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hockey is a team sport that involves running, sprinting, and making sudden changes in directions of movement to control a ball against the opposing team. Therefore, due to its nature of fast movement, hockey players may be at risk of various musculoskeletal injuries. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and pattern of musculoskeletal injuries sustained among Malaysian Hockey League players. Materials and Method Data were collected from 84 field hockey players that participated in the Malaysian Hockey League competition from June 2016 until December 2016. All injuries were recorded by the participating medical team using a structured questionnaire. A descriptive statistical analysis and Chi-Square test were used to explore the prevalence of the injury. Result More than half of the players were reported to have lower limb injuries (51.6%). Sprain and strain were the most prevalent injuries (63%) and mostly affected the ankle (29%). Male players sustained more injuries (50.8%) compared to female players (49.2%). Conclusion This study suggests that a guideline is needed for injury prevention strategies that will benefit the hockey players in preventing injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Manaf
- Centre of Physiotherapy Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - M Justine
- Centre of Physiotherapy Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - N Hassan
- Department of Physiotherapy, Institut Sukan Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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7
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Mason J, Wellmann K, Groll A, Braumann KM, Junge A, Hollander K, Zech A. Game Exposure, Player Characteristics, and Neuromuscular Performance Influence Injury Risk in Professional and Youth Field Hockey Players. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:2325967121995167. [PMID: 33889643 PMCID: PMC8033403 DOI: 10.1177/2325967121995167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying factors that contribute to the occurrence of injury is an important step in designing training programs to minimize the risk of injury. However, despite high injury rates, variables contributing to injury in field hockey players remain relatively unexplored. PURPOSE To identify factors that may predict injury in professional and youth field hockey players. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHOD Professional and youth hockey players completed preseason neuromuscular performance testing and were monitored for injuries, training, and game exposure throughout the subsequent 12-month indoor and outdoor hockey season. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis was conducted to identify injury risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic curves were then calculated to determine the individual predictive accuracy of the identified variables. RESULTS A total of 83 players (mean ± SD age, 20.7 ± 4.9 years; 34.9% female) with complete performance, injury, and exposure data were included for data analysis. Almost half of players (44.6%) sustained a time-loss injury during the season, and 73% of these injuries occurred in the lower limb. Playing more games and having an older age, asymmetrical and poor dynamic postural control, and better explosive performance were identified as jointly influencing the risk of injury. When considered individually, number of games played throughout the season was the most accurate predictor of injury risk (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.74; P < .001), while asymmetrical and poor dynamic postural control (AUCs = 0.61-0.65; P = .01-.04) and better explosive athletic performance (AUCs = 0.65-0.67; P < .01) were identified as moderate individual predictors of sustaining a general or lower limb injury. CONCLUSION A number of modifiable factors were individually and jointly associated with an increased injury risk in field hockey players, providing initial evidence for the design of targeted and sport-specific training programs to mitigate the risk of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Mason
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Jena, Jena,
Germany
| | - Kai Wellmann
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Jena, Jena,
Germany
| | - Andreas Groll
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund,
Germany
| | | | - Astrid Junge
- Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Swiss Concussion Center, Schulthess Klinik, Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Karsten Hollander
- Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding
Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts,
USA
| | - Astrid Zech
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Jena, Jena,
Germany
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8
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Levi A, Theilen TM, Rolle U. Injury surveillance in elite field hockey: a pilot study of three different recording techniques. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020; 6:e000908. [PMID: 33304606 PMCID: PMC7704285 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In field hockey, injuries are assessed by various recording techniques leading to a heterogenic collection of poorly comparable injury data. Methods Injury data were prospectively collected at the 2016 Men’s Hockey Junior World Cup using the match injury reports (MIRs), video injury clips provided by the Fédération Internationale de Hockey, and daily medical reports (DMRs). A pilot study comparing injury type, mechanism, location on the field, injured body part and overall injury incidence among the different injury recording techniques was performed. Results MIRs and video injury clips were completely available for analysis. DMRs were returned from 11 out of 16 teams (69%). In total, MIRs yielded 28, video analysis 36, and DMRs 56 injuries. Overall injury rate varied between 24.8 and 57.9 injuries per 1000 player match hours. The majority of injuries affected the lower limbs by all three methods (41.7–61.2%) and were mainly caused by having been hit by the ball (20.4–50%) or stick (11.1–28.6%). Reports of concussions during competition were incoherent between MIR (2 cases) and DMR (no cases). The DMR was the only method to record overuse injuries (16.1%), injuries in training (12.5%), and time-loss injuries of one or two days (12.5%) or of three or more days (14.3%). Conclusion Injury data vary substantially between the MIR, DMR and injury video recording technique. Each recording technique revealed specific strengths and limitations. To further advance injury research in field hockey, the strengths of each recording technique should be brought together for a synergistic injury assessment model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Levi
- Department of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital of the Goethe-University, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - Till-Martin Theilen
- Department of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital of the Goethe-University, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - Udo Rolle
- Department of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
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9
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Rees H, McCarthy Persson U, Delahunt E, Boreham C, Blake C. Epidemiology of injuries in senior men's field hockey: A two-season prospective observational injury surveillance study. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:2842-2849. [PMID: 32734831 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1802094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Determining the rate and severity of injuries incurred through sport is accepted as the primary step towards designing, implementing and evaluating injury prevention programmes. The aim of this study was to determine the injury incidence rate and characteristics of male field hockey athletes participating in the Irish Hockey League. Athletes from eight field hockey teams were assigned to an online reporting system, where they logged injuries as they were incurred. Injuries were defined as any physical complaint. Coaches and physiotherapists were contacted weekly to corroborateinjuries. Overall 323 injuries were reported across 34,449 exposure hours, giving rise to an incidence rate of 9.4/1000 h. On average, athletes sustained one injury over the course of two seasons. Muscle strains, pain and contusions were the most common types of injury, while the hamstring, knee and hip/groin were the most frequently reported locations. While 66.9% of injuries occurred through non-contact mechanisms, contact injuries were also common. Injury recurrences accounted for 16.1% of injuries. In conclusion, the incidence of injury in field hockey is high, occurring from a variety of mechanisms. Future injury prevention strategies should prioritise injuries to the hamstring, knee and ankle, and be specific to particular playing positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huw Rees
- Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield , Dublin, Ireland.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ulrik McCarthy Persson
- Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield , Dublin, Ireland.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eamonn Delahunt
- Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield , Dublin, Ireland.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colin Boreham
- Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield , Dublin, Ireland.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Blake
- Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield , Dublin, Ireland.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Cornelissen M, Kemler E, Verhagen E, Gouttebarge V. A systematic review of injuries in recreational field hockey: From injury problem to prevention. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:1953-1974. [PMID: 32698730 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1764898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to gather information from scientific literature related to all steps of Van Mechelen's "sequence of prevention" for injuries applied to youth and adult recreational field hockey players. A systematic review was conducted in Medline via Pubmed and in SPORTDiscus via EBSCOhost. Twenty-six original studies were included. Regarding injury incidence (step 1) results showed several overall injury incidence rates (youth: 1.47 per 1,000 Athlete Exposure (AE) time-loss (TL) injury up to 11.32 per 1,000 AE TL ánd non-time loss (NTL) injury, adults: 2.2 NTL injury per 1,000 AE, 15.2 injury per 1,000 hours of sports participation). Considering games and practices, most injuries were sustained in games (youth: 4.9, adults: 7.87 per 1,000 AE). Considering body parts, highest injury incidence rates were found in body parts in the lower extremities (youth: knee injuries in games (0.33 per 1,000 AE), adults: hamstring injuries in pre-season (0.75 per 1,000 AE)) and injuries in the head/face/eye (youth: 0.66 and adults: 0.94 head/face/eye, 0.71 head/face and 0.63 concussion per 1,000 AE). Regarding aetiology (step 2), no studies were found. Regarding the efficacy of available interventions (step 3 and 4), one study was found among youth players, describing a warm-up programme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Kemler
- Dutch Consumer Safety Institute , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Centre of Excellence , Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC , Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Vincent Gouttebarge
- Dutch Consumer Safety Institute , Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Centre of Excellence , Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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O'Neill K, Miltenberger R. The effect of behavioral skills training on shot performance in field hockey. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey O'Neill
- Department of Child and Family StudiesUniversity of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
| | - Raymond Miltenberger
- Department of Child and Family StudiesUniversity of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
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12
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Rees H, Shrier I, McCarthy Persson U, Delahunt E, Boreham C, Blake C. Transient injuries are a problem in field hockey: A prospective one‐season cohort study. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huw Rees
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Institute for Sport and Health University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Ian Shrier
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology Lady Davis Institute McGill University Montréal QC Canada
| | - Ulrik McCarthy Persson
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Institute for Sport and Health University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Eamonn Delahunt
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Institute for Sport and Health University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Colin Boreham
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Institute for Sport and Health University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Catherine Blake
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Institute for Sport and Health University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
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13
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Zamora-Olave C, Willaert E, Parera L, Riera-Puñet N, Martinez-Gomis J. Experience with mouthguards and prevalence of orofacial injuries among field hockey players in Catalonia. Dent Traumatol 2019; 36:285-290. [PMID: 31765062 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Orofacial injuries are a serious problem in field hockey. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of orofacial injuries in field hockey players in Catalonia, the frequency of mouthguard use, the types of mouthguards used and the degree of interference with oral function. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 325 field hockey players (28% women) from all age categories completed a questionnaire about orofacial injuries occurring during their sporting lives, including dental injuries, oral lacerations and episodes of acute temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain. The questionnaire also asked about the experience of using a mouthguard, the type of mouthguard used and any adverse effects of use. The degree of interference with oral function was compared by type of mouthguard (mouth-formed, custom-made and pre-fabricated mouthguards) using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS Half of the players (50.2%) reported at least one orofacial injury during their sporting lives. The mean number of oral lacerations, TMD pain episodes and dental injuries were 1.59, 0.24 and 0.18, respectively. In total, 310 players (95.7%) had tried a mouthguard, and of these 269 (86.8%) and 283 (91.3%) still used a mouthguard habitually during training and competition, respectively. Only 11 players (3.5%) had tried all three types of mouthguards, and 71 players (22.9%) had tried two types of mouthguard. By type, 217 players (70.0%) had tried mouth-formed (boil-and-bite) mouthguards, 156 (50.3%) had tried custom-made mouthguards and 30 (9.7%) had tried pre-fabricated mouthguards. Custom-made mouthguards were rated as more comfortable than the mouth-formed type (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of orofacial injuries among field hockey players is relatively high. Most players habitually use a mouthguard during training and competition, typically preferring custom-made or a mouth-formed types. Custom-made mouthguards were considered the most comfortable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Zamora-Olave
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Oral Health and Masticatory System Group, (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eva Willaert
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Oral Health and Masticatory System Group, (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Nina Riera-Puñet
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Oral Health and Masticatory System Group, (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Martinez-Gomis
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Oral Health and Masticatory System Group, (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Abstract
Background To commence injury prevention efforts, it is necessary to understand the magnitude of the injury problem. No systematic reviews have yet investigated the extent of injuries in field hockey, despite the popularity of the sport worldwide. Objective Our objective was to describe the rate and severity of injuries in field hockey and investigate their characteristics. Methods We conducted electronic searches in PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL. Prospective cohort studies were included if they were published in English in a peer-reviewed journal and observed all possible injuries sustained by field hockey players during the period of the study. Results The risk of bias score of the 22 studies included ranged from three to nine of a possible ten. In total, 12 studies (55%) reported injuries normalized by field hockey exposure. Injury rates ranged from 0.1 injuries (in school-aged players) to 90.9 injuries (in Africa Cup of Nations) per 1000 player-hours and from one injury (in high-school women) to 70 injuries (in under-21 age women) per 1000 player-sessions. Studies used different classifications for injury severity, but—within studies—injuries were included mostly in the less severe category. The lower limbs were most affected, and contusions/hematomas and abrasions were common types of injury. Contact injuries are common, but non-contact injuries are also a cause for concern. Conclusions Considerable heterogeneity meant it was not possible to draw conclusive findings on the extent of the rate and severity of injuries. Establishing the extent of sports injury is considered the first step towards prevention, so there is a need for a consensus on injury surveillance in field hockey. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40279-017-0839-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Delfino Barboza
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corey Joseph
- Australian Collaboration for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention, Federation University Australia, Lydird Street South, Ballarat, VIC, 3350, Australia
| | - Joske Nauta
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Australian Collaboration for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention, Federation University Australia, Lydird Street South, Ballarat, VIC, 3350, Australia.
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
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15
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Hollander K, Wellmann K, Eulenburg CZ, Braumann KM, Junge A, Zech A. Epidemiology of injuries in outdoor and indoor hockey players over one season: a prospective cohort study. Br J Sports Med 2018; 52:1091-1096. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesTo determine the incidence and characteristics of hockey (‘field hockey’) injuries over the course of one outdoor and indoor season. Comparisons of female versus male players, outdoor versus indoor season and match versus practice were performed.MethodsFemale and male teams of the first, second, third, regional and youth divisions were recruited among a local hockey association in Northern Germany, and followed over an indoor and an outdoor season. Exposure times and location, type, severity and cause of injuries during practice and matches were documented by the coaches or medical staff and collected weekly. Prevalence and incidence rates were calculated.ResultsOf the 232 players (mean±SD age 20.7±4.7 years, 68.1% male, 31.9% first division), 84 players (36.2%) suffered 108 new injuries during the season. The overall incidence rate was 3.7 injuries per 1000 player hours (95% CI 3.0 to 4.4). The injury incidence was lower in practice (2.7 per 1000 player practice hours, 95% CI 2.0 to 3.3) than in matches (9.7 per 1000 player match hours, 95% CI 6.8 to 12.7), and was similar for female and male players as well as during the outdoor and the indoor season. Most injuries affected the lower limb (thigh, knee and ankle) and occurred without contact (58.3%). Severe injuries (n=34; 31.5%) were predominantly located at the knee and hand/finger.ConclusionHockey players have a high prevalence and incidence of injuries, especially at the lower limb.
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Delfino Barboza S, Nauta J, van der Pols MJ, van Mechelen W, Verhagen EALM. Injuries in Dutch elite field hockey players: A prospective cohort study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:1708-1714. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Delfino Barboza
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports; Department of Public and Occupational Health; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - J. Nauta
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports; Department of Public and Occupational Health; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - M. J. van der Pols
- Department of Trauma Surgery; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - W. van Mechelen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports; Department of Public and Occupational Health; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences; Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences; University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD Australia
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine; Department of Human Biology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - E. A. L. M. Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports; Department of Public and Occupational Health; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine; Department of Human Biology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
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Rossiter M, Challis M. Concussion in field hockey: a retrospective analysis into the incidence rates, mechanisms, symptoms and recovery of concussive injuries sustained by elite field hockey players. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2017; 3:e000260. [PMID: 29018545 PMCID: PMC5604721 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify the incidence and mechanisms of concussion in elite Field Hockey in different age groups and also the postconcussion symptoms and recovery times. Methods Data was collected retrospectively, for both training and matches, over a 12-month period from national level Field Hockey players across under-16, under-18, under-21, Development and Senior players. Mechanism of injury (including player role and field position), postconcussive symptoms and recovery times were recorded following a semistructured interview with each player. Additional information on training hours, matches and squad size were also recorded in order to calculate the incidence per 1000 match hours. Results Of the 28 recorded cases, only 11 could be included in the study. Women had the highest incidence of concussion, with the majority being in the under-21 age group. Overall incidence varied from 3/1000 match hours in training to 0.02/1000 match hours in matches, with an overall incidence of 0–0.02/1000 match hours across all age groups. The most common mechanism of injury was collision with another player, followed by impact from a stick or ball Midfield and attacking forwards sustained the highest incidence of concussion. None of the concussed athletes wore protective headgear (there were no cases of concussion in goal keepers) and all occurred in open play rather than a penalty corner (when protective headgear is often worn). Postconcussion headaches and difficulty concentrating were the most commonly reported postconcussion symptoms. Average recovery time and return-to-play was 2–4 weeks. Conclusions Due to the low numbers, only limited conclusions can be made, but it would appear that the risk of concussion in elite Field Hockey is low. As age and skill increases, the risk decreases. Postconcussion symptoms and average return-to-play times are similar to other sports. From this study, no conclusions can be made as to the role of protective headgear to reduce the risk of concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rossiter
- Department of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK.,England Hockey, Marlow, UK
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Wood AM, Robertson GAJ, MacLeod K, Porter A, Court-Brown CM. Epidemiology of open fractures in sport: One centre’s 15-year retrospective study. World J Orthop 2017; 8:545-552. [PMID: 28808625 PMCID: PMC5534403 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v8.i7.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To describe the epidemiology of sport-related open fractures from one centre’s adult patient population over a 15-year period.
METHODS A retrospective review of a prospectively-collected database was performed: The database contained information all sport-related open fractures, sustained from 1995 to 2009 in the Edinburgh, Mid and East Lothian Populations.
RESULTS Over the 15-year period, there were 85 fractures recorded in 84 patients. The annual incidence of open sport-related fractures was 0.01 per 1000 population. The mean age at injury was 29.2 years (range 15-67). There were 70 (83%) males and 14 females (17%). The 6 most common sports were soccer (n = 19, 22%), rugby (n = 9, 11%), cycling (n = 8, 9%), hockey (n = 8, 9%); horse riding (n = 6, 7%) and skiing (n = 6, 7%). The five most common anatomical locations were finger phalanges (n = 30, 35%); tibial diaphysis (n = 19, 23%); forearm (n = 12, 14%); ankle (n = 7, 8%) and metacarpals (n = 5, 6%). The mean injury severity score was 7.02. According to the Gustilo-Anderson classification system, 45 (53%) fractures were grade 1; 28 (33%) fractures were grade 2; 8 (9%) fractures were grade 3a; and 4 (5%) fractures were grade 3b. Out of the total number of fractures, 7 (8%) required plastic surgical intervention as part of management. The types of flaps used were split skin graft (n = 4), fasciocutaneous flaps (n = 2); and adipofascial flap (n = 1).
CONCLUSION We analysed the epidemiology of open fractures secondary to sport in one centre over a 15-year period. Soccer and rugby were the most common causative sports while fractures of the finger phalanx and of the tibial diaphysis were the most common sites. Open fractures are uncommon in sport; however, when they are sustained they usually occur on muddy sport fields or forest tracks and therefore must be treated appropriately. It is important that clinicians and sports therapists have knowledge of these injuries, in order to ensure they are managed optimally.
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Abstract
Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, OvidSP, Web of Science, Cochrane and CINAHL databases were searched up to February 2015 with no language restrictions.Study selectionTwo review authors independently assessed tiles and abstracts of the retrieved case-control, cohorts and cross-sectional studies. For the studies to have been included in the meta-analysis, they must have included the total number of hockey players reporting at least one dentofacial injury, the total number of these injuries compared with other types of injuries and quantitative data on characteristics of dentofacial injuries. Recreational and competitive elite level were included.Data extraction and synthesisThe included studies fell into three categories, related to dentofacial injury, mouthguard use or both, and their quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). A random effects model was used to calculate the overall effect size when appropriate; if not, then pooled prevalence was reported. Binary variables were used in order to express the results as Mantel-Haenszel pooled prevalence odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and a p-value of the overall effect. To compare the between-studies differences, a χ2 test was used. The heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated using the I2.ResultsEleven studies were included: six related to dentofacial injury, one related to mouthguard use and four to both. The numbers of field hockey players who presented at least one dentofacial injury was 12.7% (95% CI 8.5% to 17.0%) and 45.2% (95% CI 39.3% to 51.0%) in junior/senior players and elite players, respectively. There were no significant differences with respect to sex. After 2000, 84.5% (95% CI 69.3% to 99.7%) of players regularly wore mouthguards, whereas only 31.4% (95% CI 22.7% to 40.1%) wore mouthguards previous to 2000. The mouthguards were commonly depicted as unnecessary and uncomfortable by players.ConclusionsDentofacial trauma poses a serious problem in field hockey, but a considerable number of players still do not regularly wear mouthguards. The likelihood is that if mouthguard usage were higher, fewer dentofacial injuries would occur during field hockey games and in training.Source of fundingNone declared.
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20
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J. Robertson G, Wood A, Aitken S, Court-Brown C. The Epidemiology, Management, and Outcome of Field Hockey-related Fractures in a Standard Population. ARCHIVES OF TRAUMA RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/atr.atr_56_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Vucic S, Drost RW, van Wijk AJ, Wesselink PR, Wolvius EB. Patterns of orodental injury and mouthguard use in Dutch field hockey. Br J Sports Med 2016; 50:661-8. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Vucic S, Drost RW, Ongkosuwito EM, Wolvius EB. Dentofacial trauma and players’ attitude towards mouthguard use in field hockey: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2015; 50:298-304. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Theilen TM, Mueller-Eising W, Wefers Bettink P, Rolle U. Injury data of major international field hockey tournaments. Br J Sports Med 2015; 50:657-60. [PMID: 26246418 PMCID: PMC4893132 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detailed injury data are not available for international tournaments in field hockey. We investigated the epidemiology of field hockey injuries during major International Hockey Federation (Fédération Internationale de Hockey, FIH) tournaments in 2013. MATERIALS AND METHODS FIH injury reports were used for data collection. All major FIH tournaments for women (n=5) and men (n=11) in 2013 were included. The main focus of this study was to assess the pattern, time, site on the pitch, body site and mechanism of each of the injuries. We calculated the average number of injuries per match and the number of injuries per 1000 player match hours. RESULTS The average number of injuries was 0.7 (95% CI 0.5 to 1.0) per match in women's tournaments and 1.2 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.7) per match in men's tournaments. The number of injuries per 1000 player match hours ranged from 23.4 to 44.2 (average 29.1; 95% CI 18.6 to 39.7) in women and 20.8 to 90.9 (average 48.3; 95% CI 30.9 to 65.8) in men. Most injuries occurred in the circle (n=25, 50%, in women, n=95, 51%, in men). The rate of injuries increased after the first quarter. Injuries to the head and face (n=20, 40%) were most common in women. The head/face (n=51, 27%) and the thigh/knee (n=52, 28%) were equally affected in men. The ball caused the most injuries, followed by the stick, collisions and tripping/falling. There were no deaths or injuries that required hospital treatment in the entire cohort. SUMMARY Field hockey has a low incidence of acute injuries during competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till-Martin Theilen
- Department of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | | | | | - Udo Rolle
- Department of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany
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Roberts SP, Trewartha G, England M, Stokes KA. Incidence and Nature of Medical Attendance Injuries in English Community Rugby Union. Orthop J Sports Med 2014; 2:2325967114562781. [PMID: 26535294 PMCID: PMC4555534 DOI: 10.1177/2325967114562781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has identified injury patterns during community-level rugby union match play, but none have investigated the frequency and reasons for on-field injury management. PURPOSE To establish the frequency, reasons, and patterns of on-field injury management in English community rugby, including differences between different levels of play. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS Over 3 seasons, injury information was collected from 46 (2009-2010), 67 (2010-2011), and 76 (2011-2012) English community clubs (Rugby Football Union [RFU] levels 3-9). Club injury management staff reported information for all medical attendances during match play, including details on the injury site and type, playing position (seasons 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 only), and whether the player was removed from play. Clubs were subdivided into groups A (RFU levels 3 and 4 [mainly semiprofessional]; n = 39), B (RFU levels 5 and 6 [mainly amateur]; n = 71), and C (RFU levels 7-9 [social and recreational]; n = 79) to differentiate playing levels. RESULTS The overall medical attendance incidence was 229 per 1000 player-match hours (95% CI, 226-232), with 45 players removed per 1000 player-match hours (95% CI, 44-46). Attendance incidence for group A (294 per 1000 player-match hours; 95% CI, 287-301) was higher compared with group B (213; 95% CI, 208-218; P < .001) and C (204; 95% CI, 200-209; P < .001). There was a higher incidence of attendances to forwards (254; 95% CI, 249-259) compared with backs (191; 95% CI, 187-196; P < .001). The head was the most common specific site of injury (55 per 1000 player-match hours; 95% CI, 53-57) but the lower limb region overall accounted for most attendances (87; 95% CI, 85-89) and the greatest chance of removal from the pitch (22; 95% CI, 21-23). CONCLUSION With the likelihood of 1 injury for each team per match severe enough for the player to leave the pitch and with at least 1 attendance for a head injury per match, there is clear evidence that pitch side staff should be trained to recognize potentially serious injuries.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hurling is a stick handling game which, although native to Ireland, has international reach and presence. The aim of this study was to report incidence and type of injuries incurred by elite male hurling players over five consecutive playing seasons. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Male intercounty elite sports teams participating in the National GAA Injury Database, 2007-2011. PARTICIPANTS A total of 856 players in 25 county teams were enrolled. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES Incidence, nature and mechanism of injury were recorded by team physicians or physiotherapists to a secure online data collection portal. Time-loss injury rates per 1000 training and match play hours were calculated and injury proportions were expressed. RESULTS In total 1030 injuries were registered, giving a rate of 1.2 injuries per player. These were sustained by 71% (n=608) of players. Injury incidence rate was 2.99 (95% CI 2.68 to 3.30) per 1000 training hours and 61.75 (56.75 to 66.75) per 1000 match hours. Direct player-to-player contact was recorded in 38.6% injuries, with sprinting (24.5%) and landing (13.7%) the next most commonly reported injury mechanisms. Median duration of time absent from training or games, where the player was able to return in the same season, was 12 days (range 2-127 days). The majority (68.3%) of injuries occurred in the lower limbs, with 18.6% in the upper limbs. The trunk and head/neck regions accounted for 8.6% and 4.1% injuries, respectively. The distribution of injury type was significantly different (p<0.001) between upper and lower extremities: fractures (upper 36.1%, lower 1.5%), muscle strain (upper 5.2%, lower 45.8%). CONCLUSIONS These data provide stable, multiannual data on injury patterns in hurling, identifying the most common injury problems. This is the first step in applying a systematic, theory-driven injury prevention model in the sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Blake
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, Health Sciences Centre, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edwenia O'Malley
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, Health Sciences Centre, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Gissane
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University College, London, Twickenham, UK
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